Abbreviations

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German

Vehicle

Ground

  • Pz. – Panzer: Tank (literally: Armour)
  • Pz.Kpfw. – Panzerkampfwagen: Tank (literally: Armour combat vehicle)
  • Sd.Kfz. – Sonderkraftfahrzeug: Special purpose vehicle (index number assigned to all armed forces vehicles)
  • Pz.Sp.Wg. – Panzerspähwagen: Armoured scout vehicle
  • KPz – Kampfpanzer: Battle tank (modern designation)
  • FlaKPz – Flugabwehrkanonenpanzer: Anti-air cannon tank
  • StuG – Sturmgeschütz: Assault gun
  • StuH – Sturmhaubitze: Assault howitzer
  • Bfw. – Befehlswagen: Command vehicle
  • Pz.Bfw./Pz.Bef.Wg. – Panzerbefehlswagen: Command tank
  • JPz/JgPz/JgdPz – Jagdpanzer: (Tank based) tank destroyer (literally: Hunting tank)
  • RakJPz – Raketenjagdpanzer: (Missile-carrier based) tank destroyer (literally: Missile hunting tank)
  • PzJg – Panzerjäger: (SPG based) tank destroyer (literally: Tank hunter)
  • Pz.W./Pz.Wfr. – Panzerwerfer: Anti-tank rocket launcher (literally: Tank thrower)
  • SpPz – Spähpanzer: Scout tank
  • SPz – Schützenpanzer: Infantry fighting vehicle (literally: Protective tank)
  • VK – Versuchskonstruktion: Trial design (literally: Experimental construction)
  • VT - Versuchsträger: Test-bed (literally: Experiment carrier)
  • WT – Waffenträger: Self-propelled gun (literally: Weapon carrier)
  • Ausf. – Ausführung: Model
  • E – Entwicklung: Development (refers to the proposed standardised tank development projects)
  • Fgst. - Fahrgestell: Chassis
  • Sfl. - Sonderfahrgestell: Special chassis
  • Sf. - Selbstfahrend: Self-propelled
  • GW – Geschützwagen: (Heavy) self-propelled gun (literally: Heavy gun vehicle)
  • ZgKw – Zugkraftwagen: Truck
  • Zug - Zugkraftwagen: Truck

Air

  • StuKa – Sturzkampfflugzeug: Dive bomber (literally: Dive attack airplane)
  • PAH – Panzerabwehrhubschrauber: Anti-tank helicopter

Naval

  • Z – Zerstörer: Destroyer
  • K – Kanonenboot: Gun boat
  • T – Torpedoboot: Torpedo boat
  • R – Räumboot: Mine sweeper
  • S – Schnellboot: Fast attack craft
  • LS – Leichte-Schnellboot: Light fast attack craft
  • VS – Versuchs-Schnellboot: Experimental fast attack craft
  • SF – Siebelfähre: Siebel ferry (named after Friedrich Siebel)
  • AF/AFP – Artilleriefährprahm: Artillery ferry barge
  • MZ - Mehrzweckboot: Multi-purpose boat
  • U – Unterseeboot: Submarine

Weaponry (DE)

  • FH – Feldhaubitze: Field howitzer
  • IG – Infanteriegeschütz: Infantry gun
  • Sfl – Selbsfahrlafette: Self-propelled gun (literally: Self-propelled mount/chassis/underlayer)
  • KwK – Kampfwagenkanone: Tank gun (literally: Combat vehicle cannon)
  • PaK – Panzerabwehrkanone: Anti-tank gun (literally: Armour-defense cannon)
  • FlaK – Flugabwehrkanone: Anti-air gun (literally: Air-defense cannon)
  • MG – Maschinengewehr: Machine gun (literally: Machine rifle)
  • MG FF – Maschinengewehr Flügel-Fest: Machine gun wing-fixed
  • MG FF/M – Maschinengewehr Flügel-Fest/Minengeschoß: Machine gun wing-fixed/mineshot
  • MK – Maschinenkanone: Auto-cannon (literally: Machine cannon), occasionally Motorkanone, cannon firing through engine
  • SK – Schiffskanone: Ship cannon (originally used as Schnellfeuerkanone: Quick-firing cannon during WWI)
  • TbtK – Torpedobootskanone: Torpedo boat cannon (also used for some destroyer turrets/guns)
  • BK – Bordkanone: Board cannon (large calibre guns equipped to aircraft)
  • BR – Bordrakete: Board rocket (rockets equipped to aircraft)
  • K – Kanone: Cannon
  • T – Torpedo
  • LT – Lufttorpedo: Aerial torpedo (torpedoes used by aircraft)
  • L/ – Länge: Length (refers to calibre-length of gun barrels)
  • C/ – Construktionsjahr: Year of construction (archaic spelling of Konstruktion)
  • L – Lafette: Gun mount
  • DopL – Doppellafette: Twin gun mount (literally: Double mount)
  • DrhL – Drehturmlafette: Turret gun mount (literally: Turntable turret mount)
  • Pz.B. – Panzerbüchse: Anti-tank rifle

Weaponry (CH)

  • KDA – Kanone, Kalibergruppe D, Ausführung A: Cannon, calibre group D (30 mm+), variant A (belt-fed)
  • KAD – Kanone, Kalibergruppe A, Ausführung D: Cannon, calibre group A (20 mm), variant D

Munition

  • Gr – Granate: Grenade (synonymous with shell)
  • Br – Brandkörper: Incendiary charge (literally: Blaze body)
  • KGr – Kanonengranate: Cannon shell (literally: Cannon grenade)
  • PzGr – Panzergranate: Armour-piercing shell (literally: Armour grenade)
  • BrGr – Brandgranate: Incendiary shell (literally: Burn grenade)
  • PzBrGr – Panzerbrandgranate: Armour-piercing incendiary shell (literally: Armour burn grenade)
  • SpGr – Sprenggranate: High-explosive fragmentation shell (literally: Burst grenade). Sometimes spelled Sprgr.
  • PzSpGr – Panzersprenggranate: Armour-piercing high-explosive shell (literally: Armour burst grenade)
  • HlGr – Hohlladungsgranate: High-explosive anti-tank shell (literally: Hollow-charge grenade)
  • Patr – Patrone: Bullet
  • GrPatr – Granatpatrone: Shell (for 15 and 20 mm munition)
  • SC – Sprengbombe Cylindrisch: General-purpose bomb (archaic spelling of zylindrisch, literally: Burst bomb, cylindrical)
  • SD – Sprengbombe Dickwandig: Semi-armour-piercing bomb (literally: Burst bomb, thick-walled)
  • PC – Panzersprengbombe Cylindrisch: Armour-piercing high-explosive bomb (literally: Armour-bursting bomb, cylindrical)
  • PD – Panzersprengbombe Dickwandig: Heavy armour-piercing bomb (literally: Armour-bursting bomb, thick-walled)
  • LFK – Lenkflugkörper: (Anti-tank) guided missile (literally: Guided flight body)
  • F5W – Torpedo designation: F – 17.7 inch (450 mm) calibre, 5 – roughly 5 meter length, W – whitehead (German designation of Italian F200/450 torpedo)
  • G7a/T 1 – Torpedo designation: G – 21 inch (533 mm) calibre, 7 – roughly 7 meter length, a – steam propulsion, T 1 – Torpedo model number 1
  • L'spur – Leuchtspur: Tracer
  • Zerl. – Zerleger: Self-destroying (literally: Disassambler)
  • Fp – Füllpulver: Explosive filling (literally: Filling powder)
  • DM – Deutsches Modell: German Model (modern designation to differentiate between American M munition)
  • Zt.Z – Zeitzünder: Time fuze
  • Lh – Lichtspurhülse: Base tracer
  • Bd.Z – Bodenzünder: Base fuze. Sometimes spelled Bdz
  • m.Hb – mit Haube: Capped

Prefix/Suffix

  • le – leicht: Light
  • s – schwer: Heavy
  • gp – gepanzert: Armoured
  • nA – neuer Art: Modernized (literally: New type)
  • (r) – russisch: Russian captured vehicle
  • (e) – englisch: British captured vehicle
  • (t) – tschechisch: Czech captured vehicle
  • (a) – amerikanisch: American captured vehicle
  • (f) – französisch: French captured vehicle
  • U – Umbau: Conversion (kit)
  • R – Rüstsatz: Upgrade (kit)
  • /Trop – Tropen: Tropic (variant with air filters)
  • (Mob) – Mobilmachung: Mobilization (design modification aimed at simplified and thus faster construction)

Manufacturer/Designer

Military

  • KM – Kriegsmarine: German navy (literally: War navy)
  • LW – Luftwaffe: German air force (literally: Air weapon)
  • BW – Bundeswehr: (Modern) German army (literally: Federation defense)
  • RLM – Reichsluftfahrtministerium: Ministry of national aviation
  • OKW – Oberkommando der Wehrmacht: High command of the armed forces
  • JG – Jagdgeschwader: Fighter division (literally: hunting division)
  • NJG – Nachtjagdgeschwader: Night fighter division (literally: night hunting division)
  • ZG – Zerstörergeschwader: Heavy fighter division (literally: destroyer division)
  • KG – Kampfgeschwader: Bomber division (literally: attack division)
  • SKG – Schnellkampfgeschwader: Fast bomber division (literally: fast attack division)
  • StG – Sturzkampfgeschwader: Dive bomber division (literally: dive attack division)

Russian

Vehicle

Ground

  • T – Tank
  • SU – Samokhodnaya Ustanovka: Self-propelled mount
  • ISU: Self-propelled mount based on IS heavy tank
  • ZSU – Zenitnaya Samokhodnaya Ustanovka: Anti-aircraft self-propelled mount
  • ZRPK – Zenitny Raketno-Pushechny Kompleks: Anti-aircraft missile-gun system
  • ASU – Aviadesantnaya Samokhodnaya Ustanovka: Airborne self-propelled mount
  • BT – Bystrokhodny Tank: Light tank (literally: Fast-moving tank)
  • BTR – Bronev Transporter: Armoured personnel carrier (literally: Armoured transport)
  • RBT – Raketny Bystrokhodny Tank: Rocket tank (literally: Fast-moving rocket tank)
  • BA – Bronev Avtomobil: Armoured car
  • BM – Boyevaya Mashina: Rocket launcher vehicle (literally: Combat machine)
  • BMP – Boyevaya Mashina Pekhoty: Infantry fighting vehicle (literally: Infantry combat machine)
  • PT – Plavayushchy Tank: Amphibious tank (literally: Floating tank)
  • IT – Istrebitel Tankov: (Missile) tank destroyer (literally: Tank fighter)

Air

  • I – Istrebitel: Fighter (airplane)
  • DB – Dalny Bombardirovschik: Long-range bomber
  • BB – Blizhny Bombardirovschik: Short-range bomber
  • SB – Skorostnoi Bombardirovschik: Fast bomber
  • TB – Tyazholy Bombardirovschik: Heavy bomber
  • MBR – Morskoi Blizhny Razvedchik: Naval short-range reconnaissance (airplane)
  • U – Uchebny: Trainer (airplane)
    • Polikarpov U-2 (original designation of the Po-2)

Naval

  • MO – Malyi Okhotnik: Small submarine chaser (literally: Small hunter)
  • BMO – Bronirovanny Malyi Okhotnik: Armoured small submarine chaser (literally: Armed small hunter)
  • MPK – Malyi Protivolodochnoi Korabl: Small anti-submarine ship
  • MBK – Morskoi Bronekater: Armoured gunboat (literally: Naval combat cutter)
  • SKR – Storozhevoi Korabl: Observation ship

Weaponry

  • UB – Universalniy Berezina: Berezin universal (MG)
  • DP – Degtyarov Pulemyot: Degtyarov MG
  • DT – Degtyarov Tankovy: Degtyarov tank (MG)
  • DA – Degtyarov Aviatsonny: Degtyarov airplane (MG)
  • PV – Pulemet Vozdushny: Airborne MG
  • ShKAS – Shpitalny-Komaritski Aviatsionny Skorostrelny: Shpitalny-Komaritsky airplane rapid-fire (MG)
  • DShK – Degtyaryova-Shpagina Krupnokaliberny: Degtyarov-Shpagin large-calibre (MG)
  • A – Afanasev (MG)
  • B – Berezin (auto-cannon)
  • Yak-B – Yakushev-Borzov (MG)
  • ShVAK – Shpitalny-Vladimirov Aviatsionny Krupnokaliberny: Shpitalny-Vladimirov airplane large-calibre (auto-cannon)
  • TNSh – Tankovy Nudelman-Shpitalny: Nudelman-Shpitalny tank (auto-cannon)
  • PTB – Pushka Taubin-Baburin: Taubin-Baburin cannon
  • VYa – Volkov-Yartsev (auto-cannon)
  • NS – Nudelman-Suranov (auto-cannon)
  • NR – Nudelman-Rikhter (auto-cannon)
  • GSh – Gryazev-Shipunov (auto-cannon)
  • N-37D – Nudelman 37 mm Dulny tormoz: Nudelman 37 mm (auto-cannon with) muzzle brake
  • KPVT – Krupnokaliberniy Pulemyot Vladimirova Tankovy: Vladimirov large-calibre tank MG
  • ZPU – Zenitnaya Pulemotnaya Ustanovka: Anti-aircraft MG mount
  • NSVT – Nikitina-Sokolova-Volkova Tankovy: Nikitin-Sokolov-Volkov tank (MG)
  • PKT – Pulemyot Kalashnikova Tankovy: Kalashnikov tank MG
  • SGMT – Stankovy Goryunova Modernizirovany Tankovy: Goryunov modernized mounted tank (MG)
  • 20-K – Gun No. 20 of the Korolyov factory
  • L-11 – Gun No. 11 of the Leningrad factory

Munition

  • BR – Broneboynye: Armour-piercing (shell)
  • BZ – Broneboyny Zazhigatelny: Armour-piercing incendiary (shell)
  • BZT – Broneboyny Zazhigatelny Trassiruyushchy: Armour-piercing incendiary tracer (shell)
  • PB – Polu Broneboynye: Semi armour-piercing (shell)
  • O – Oskolochno: Fragmentation (shell)
  • OZ – Oskolochno Zazhigatelny: Fragmentation incendiary (shell)
  • OZT – Oskolochno Zazhigatelny Trassiruyushchy: Fragmentation incendiary tracer (shell)
  • OF – Oskolochno Fugasny: High-explosive fragmentation (shell)
  • Sh – Shrapnel (shell)
  • FAB – Fugasnaya Aviatsionnaya Bomba: High-explosive aircraft bomb
  • OFAB – Oskolochno Fugasnaya Aviatsionnaya Bomba: High-explosive fragmentation aircraft bomb
  • RS – Reaktivny Snaryad: Rocket (literally: Rocket-powered projectile)
  • RBS – Reaktivny Broneboyny Snaryad: Armour-piercing rocket (literally: Rocket-powered armour-piercing projectile)

Prefix/Suffix

  • Oby. – Obyekt: Object (tank prototype)
  • Pr. – Proyekt: Project (ship design program)
  • E – Ekranami: Up-armoured (literally: With screens)
  • M – Modernizirovany: Modernized
  • S – Skorokhodnuyu: Lightened (literally: Fast)
  • SP – Soprovzhdeniya Pekhoty: Infantry support
  • U – Uluchshenny: Improved
  • V – Vzryvnoy: Explosive (Reactive Armour)
  • T – Torpedonosets: Torpedo bomber

Historical Name

  • IS – Iosef Stalin (tank)
  • KV – Kliment Voroshilov (tank)
  • SMK – Sergey Mironovich Kirov (tank)

Manufacturer/Designer

  • ACh – Aleksei Charomsky
  • AM – Aleksandr Mikulin
  • ANT – Andrei Nikolaevich Tupolev
  • Ar – Arkhangelsky
  • GAZ – Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod: Gorky Automobile Factory
  • Il – Ilyushin
  • KS – Krasnoye Sormovo
  • La – Lavochkin
  • LaGG – Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov
  • M – Myasishchev
  • MAI – Moskovsky Avyatsyonny Instytut Moscow Aviation Institute
  • Mi – Mil
  • MiG – Mikoyan-Gurevich
  • OKB – Opytno-Konstruktorskoye Buro: Experimental Design Bureau
  • Pe – Petlyakov
  • Po – Polikarpov
  • STZ – Stalingradsky Traktoriy Zavod: Stalingrad Tractor Factory
  • Su – Sukhoi
  • Tu – Tupolev
  • VK – Vladimir Klimov
  • Yak – Yakovlev
  • Yer – Yermolayev
  • ZiS – Zavod imeni Stalina: Factory named after Stalin

Military

  • VVS – Voyenno-Vozdushnye Sily: Soviet air force (literally: Military air force)
  • VMF – Voyenno-Morskoy Flot: Soviet Navy (literally: Military maritime fleet)
  • SA – Sovetskaya Armiya: Soviet army
  • IAP – Istrebitelny Aviatsionny Polk: Fighter air regiment
  • GvIAP – Gvardeysky Istrebitelny Aviatsionny Polk: Guards fighter air regiment
  • ShAP – Shturmovoy Aviatsionny Polk: Ground attack air regiment

French

Vehicle

  • Char – Char de bataille: Battle tank
  • AMC – Automitrailleuse de Combat: Combat machine gun (vehicle)
  • AMD – Automitrailleuse de Découverte: Scout machine gun (vehicle)
  • AMR – Automitrailleuse de Reconnaissance: Scout machine gun (vehicle)
  • AML – Automitrailleuse Légère: Light machine gun (vehicle)
  • DCA – Défense contre avions: Anti-air defense
  • EBR – Engin Blindé de Reconnaissance: Armoured reconnaissance vehicle
  • VTT – Véhicule de transport de troupe: Armoured personnel carrier (literally: Troop transport vehicle)
  • CA – Canon d'assaut: Tank destroyer (literally: Assault cannon)
  • CAu – Canon automoteur: Self-propelled gun
  • TRC – Tracteur de ravitaillement pour chars: Tank supply tractor
  • RC – Roues-Canon: Wheeled gun (carrier)
  • Mle – Modèle: Model

Weaponry

  • AAT – Arme Automatique Transformable: general-purpose machine gun
  • SA – Semi-automatique: Semi-automatic (cannon)
  • CA – Canon antiaérien: Anti-aircraft cannon
  • CN – Canon: cannon (tank)
  • CAD – Canon antiaérien double: Twin (mount) anti-aircraft cannon
  • CAQ – Canon antiaérien quadruple: Quad (mount) anti-aircraft cannon
  • T – Tourelle: turret-mounted (aircraft)

Munition

  • ACRA – Anti-Char Rapide Autopropulsé:Anti-Tank Quick Self-propelled (missile)
  • Ch.F – Charge Forte: (literally: Strong charge) Designates a shell whose propellant charge is bigger than usual shells. Effects are a higher initial speed, increased penetration but more stress and heating for the cannon.
  • HOT – Haut Subsonique Optiquement Téléguidé: High Subsonic, Optical Remote-Guided, Tube-Launched (missile)
  • OE – Obus Explosif: High-explosive shell
  • OEA – Obus Explosif Acier: High-explosive fuzed (AA) shell
  • OEcl – Obus Eclairant: Illumination shell
  • OPf – Obus Perforant: Armour-piercing shell
  • OPfK – Obus Perforant (avec colorant) K: Armour-piercing naval shell (with type K spotting dye)
  • OFl – Obus Flèche: APDS shell (literally: Dart shell)
  • OCC – Obus Charge Creuse: HEAT shell (literally: Hollow charge shell)
  • PCOT – Perforant Coiffé Ogive Traceur: Armour-piercing Capped Tracer shell
  • POT – Perforant Ogive Traceur: Armour-piercing Tracer shell
  • AA – Air-Air: Air-to-air (missile)
  • AS – Air-Sol: Air-to-ground (missile)
  • SS – Sol-Sol: Ground-to-ground (missile)
  • TP – Traceuse Perforante: Armour-piercing Tracer shell

Prefix/Suffix

  • bis: Second (iteration)
  • ter: Third (iteration)

Manufacturer/Designer

  • AMX – Atelier de Construction d'Issy-Les-Moulineaux: Issy-Les-Moulineaux construction workshop
  • APX – Atelier de Puteaux
  • ACL – Atelier et Chantiers de la Loire
  • ARL – Atelier de Construction de Rueil: Rueil construction workshop
  • GIAT – Groupement Industriel de l’Armement Terrestre Industrial group for land weapon systems
  • S/SOMUA – Société d'outillage mécanique et d'usinage d'artillerie: Mechanical tooling and artillery machining company
    • Char de cavalerie SOMUA 1935 S (S.35)
  • NC/SNCAC – Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Centre
  • SA/SNCASE – Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Sud-Est
  • SO/SNCASO – Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Sud-Ouest
  • FCM – Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée
  • DEFA – Direction des Études et Fabrications d'Armes
  • MAC – Manufacture d'Armes de Châtellerault: Châtellerault weapons manufacturer
  • FN – Fabrique Nationale
  • FL – Fives-Lille
  • R – Renault
  • H – Hotchkiss
  • L – Lorraine
  • D – Dewoitine
  • C/CR - Caudron(-Renault)
  • MS – Morane-Saulnier
  • F – Farman
  • MB – Marcel Bloch (renamed to Dassault in 1949)
  • MD – Marcel Dassault
  • LeO – Lioré-et-Olivier
  • VG – Arsenal (named after Michel Vernisse and Jean Galtier)
  • VB – Arsenal (named after Michel Vernisse and Michel Badie)
  • HS – Hispano-Suiza

Military

  • BCC – Battalion de Chars de Combat: Battle tank battalion
  • RCC – Régiment de Chars de Combat: Battle tank regiment
  • DCr – Division Cuirassée: Armoured division
  • MN – Marine Nationale: French navy (literally: National navy)
  • FNFL – Forces Navales Françaises Libres: Free French naval forces
  • FAFL – Forces Aériennes Françaises Libres: Free French air forces

Italian

Vehicle

  • P – Pesante: Heavy (tank)
    • P26/40: Heavy tank, 26 tons, model 1940
  • M – Medio: Medium (tank)
    • M15/42: Medium tank, 15 tons, model 1942
  • L – Leggero: Light (tank)
    • L6/40: Light tank, 6 tons, model 1930
  • AB – Autoblinda: Armoured car
    • AB 41: Armoured car, model 1941
  • R – Ricognizione: Reconnaisance (vehicle)
  • SIDAM – Sistema Italiano di Difesa Aerea Mobile: Italian system for mobile air-defense

Manufacturer/Designer

Abbreviation Company Note / Translation Example
Air vehicles
C.R. Caccia Rosatelli (Fighter) named after Celestino Rosatelli FIAT C.R.42
B.R. Bombardiere Rosatelli (Bomber) named after Celestino Rosatelli FIAT B.R.20
G. named after Giuseppe Gabrielli FIAT G.50
S.
S.M. 		Società Anonima Costruzioni Aeronautiche Savoia Savoy Aeronautical Constructions Company Savoia S.81
Marchetti named after Alessandro Marchetti Savoia-Marchetti S.M.79
P. Piaggio Piaggio P.108
M.C. (Aeronautica) Macchi Aeronautics Machi Macchi M.C.200
Castoldi named after Mario Castoldi
Ba. Società Italiana Ernesto Breda Italian Company Ernesto Breda Breda Ba.65
Re. Officine Meccaniche Reggiane SpA Technical Bureau Reggiane Subsidiary Reggiane Re.2000
CANT Z. Cantieri Aeronautici e Navali Triestini Aeronautical and naval yard Trieste CANT Z.1007
Zappata named after Filippo Zappata
Ground vehicles
OTO Odero-Terni-Orlando OTOMATIC
FIAT Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino Italian automobile factory Turin FIAT 6614
OF OTO-FIAT OF-40
Armament
SAFAT Società Anonima Fabbrica Armi Torino Turin arms factory incorporated company Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)

Weaponry

  • SR – Senza Rinculo: Recoilless (gun)

Prefix/Suffix

Affix Meaning Translation Example
A Artigliere Artillery P.108A
AS Aerosilurante Air torpedo G.55S
Africa Settentrionale North Africa (trop. Filter) Bf 109 G-14/AS
B Bombardiere Bomber P.108B
CB Caccia Bombardiere Fighter-Bomber Re.2001 CB
CC Contro Carro Anti-Tank (rifle) L3/33 CC
CN Caccia Notturno Night-Fighter Re.2001 CN
EC Esperimento Cannoni Experimental Cannons C.202EC
N Normale Normal S.M.79 bis/N
Nuovo New C.205N2
TM Totalmente Modificato Completly Modified S.M.79 bis/T.M

Romanian

Manufacturer/Designer

  • IAR – Industria Aeronautică Română: Romanian Aeronautic Industry

Japanese

Variants (small-scale modifications)

Heavenly

Stems

Japanese
Kanji Romanji
1 甲 コウ Kō
2 乙 オツ Otsu
3 丙 ヘイ Hei
4 丁 テイ Tei
Not used in practice
5 戊 ボ Bo
6 己 キ Ki
7 庚 コウ  Kō
8 辛 シン Shin
9 壬 ジン Jin
10 癸 キ Ki
Other
Improved 改

(改善)

Kai

(Kaizen)

Calender and Type Numbers

Year Japanese

Imperial

Year

Nengō

Era

Type

Number

Shisaku

Number

1921 2581 Taishō 10 Type 10
1922 2582 Taishō 11 Type 11
1923 2583 Taishō 12 Type 12
1924 2584 Taishō 13 Type 13
1925 2585 Taishō 14 Type 14
1926 2586 Taishō 15

Shōwa 1

Type 15
1927 2587 Shōwa 2 Type 87
1928 2588 Shōwa 3 Type 88
1929 2589 Shōwa 4 Type 89
1930 2590 Shōwa 5 Type 90
1931 2591 Shōwa 6 Type 91 6-Shi
1932 2592 Shōwa 7 Type 92 7-Shi
1933 2593 Shōwa 8 Type 93 8-Shi
1934 2594 Shōwa 9 Type 94 9-Shi
1935 2595 Shōwa 10 Type 95 10-Shi
1936 2596 Shōwa 11 Type 96 11-Shi
1937 2597 Shōwa 12 Type 97 12-Shi
1938 2598 Shōwa 13 Type 98 13-Shi
1939 2599 Shōwa 14 Type 99 14-Shi
1940 2600 Shōwa 15 Type 100

Type 0

15-Shi
1941 2601 Shōwa 16 Type 1 16-Shi
1942 2602 Shōwa 17 Type 2 17-Shi
1943 2603 Shōwa 18 Type 3 18-Shi
1944 2604 Shōwa 19 Type 4 19-Shi
1945 2605 Shōwa 20 Type 5 20-Shi
Post-War
1946

1960

1989

2606

2620

2649

Shōwa Type 46

Type 60

Type 89

1989

1990

1993

2019

2649

2450

2453

2679

Heisei Type 89

Type 90

Type 93

Type 19

2019

Present

2679

Present

Reiwa Type 19

Present

  • Japanese Imperial Year: Starts with the founding of Japan in 660 BC
  • Japanese Era Name (年号): Literally "year name" are names given to (usually) reign periods of Japanese Emperors.
  • Shisaku number: After the shift of using nengō years, the navy re-adopted the use of nengō for their prototype planes to destinct them from adopted models.

Aircraft

Army

  • Ki – Kitai: Airframe
    • Ki-10-I - Army Type 95 Model 1 Fighter
    • Ki-43-II - Army Type 1 Model 2 Fighter

Notes:

  • Kitai numbering is purely for Airframe/Prototype numbering, official designation of planes went through Type designation + role.
  • Japanese names for Army planes are popular nicknames for pilots and civilians alike, as they were popularized with Japanese documentaries and propaganda. Unlike Navy planes, these are not part of the official plane designation.
    • Other Japanese nicknames for planes are:

Nicknames

  • Ki-43 - Hayabusa (隼, Peregrine falcon)
  • Ki-44 - Shoki (鍾馗, Demon)
  • Ki-45 - Toryū (屠龍, Dragonslayer)
  • Ki-49 - Donryū (呑龍, Storm Dragon)
  • Ki-61 - Hien (飛燕, Flying Swallow)
  • Ki-67 - Hiryū (飛龍, Flying Dragon)
  • Ki-84 - Hayate (疾風, Gale)
  • Ki-200 - Shusui - (秋水, Sharp Sword)

Navy

In the late 1920s a short designation naming scheme was adopted to indicate the role and manufacturer of the plane

First letters (role)

Letter Japanese Role Example
A 艦上戦闘機 Carrier-based fighter plane A6M
B 艦上攻撃機 Carrier-based attack bomber B5N
C 艦上偵察機 Carrier-based reconnaissance plane C6N3
D 艦 上爆撃機 Carrier-based dive bomber D4Y
E 水上偵察機 Ship-based reconnaissance hydroplane E13A2
F 水上観測機 Ship-based observation hydroplane F1M
G 陸上攻撃機 Land-based attack bomber G4M
H 飛行艇 Flying boat H6K
J 陸上戦闘機 Land-based fighter plane J2M
K 練習機 Trainer K10W3
L 輸送機 Transport L2D2
M 特殊機 Special purpose M6A3
N 水上戦闘機 Fighter hydroplane N1K
P 陸上爆撃機 Land-based bomber P1Y
Q 哨戒機 Patrol plane Q1W3
R 陸上偵察機 Land-based reconnaissance plane R2Y
S 夜間戦闘機 Night fighter S1A3
X 実験 Special purpose (Always after other designations) JXFw1 (Fw 190)

Notes:

  • All (But X) can be added to an already existing plane as a suffix to indicate a role refit
  • 1 - X (Special Purpose) is used as second letter for experimental aircraft or imported technology demonstrators not intended for service
  • 2 - Planes that aren't playable in-game
  • 3 - Planes that aren't in-game

Second letters (manufacturers/designers)

Letter Japanese Manufacturer Foreign Manufacturer Foreign Example
A Aichi North American KXA (NA-16)
B Boeing AXB (P-12 / F4B)
Bu Bücker KXBu (Bü 131)
C Consolidated HXC (P2Y)
D Showa Douglas

Dewoitine

Northrop

LXD (DC-4E)

AXD (D.500)

DXD (Northrop BT)

F Fairchild LXF (Fairchild 91)
Fw Focke-Wulf JXFw (Fw 190)
G Hitachi Grumman AXG (Grumman F)
H Hiro Hawker AXH (Nimrod)
He Heinkel AXHe (He 100)
J Nihon Junkers LXJ (Ju 86)
K Kawanishi Kinner LXK (Kinner Envoy)
M Mitsubishi Airspeed LXM (Airspeed Envoy)
N Nakajima
P Nihon
S Sasebo
Si Showa
V Vought AXV (V-141)
W Wanatabe (Kyushu)
Y Yokosuka
Z Mizuno

Full and Model designation

After 1929, aircrafts of the Japanese navy were designated by Type designation same as army planes together with model designation to indicate variant information.

  • A6M3 mod. 22Ko - Type 0 Carrier Fighter Model 22A (Kō)
    • mod. 22Ko - 2nd airframe / wing refit
    • mod. 22Ko - 2nd engine refit
    • mod. 22Ko - 1st small-scale refit (armament) (check Heavenly stems)

Official name designation

After July 1943, adopted planes got a name instead of a full type and model designation.

Ground

Vehicle type

Japanese English
Romanji Katakana Kanji Literal Role
Ke ケ 軽 (Kei) Light Light tank
Chi チ 中 (Chū) Medium Medium tank
O オ 大 (Ō) Large Heavy Tank
Ho ホ 砲 (Hō) Gun SPG

Other (Don't follow order system):

  • Ka: Amphibious (tank)
    • Type 2 Ka-Mi (Was named after the designer, Kamishi)
    • Type 3 Ka-Chi
    • Type 4 Ka-Tsu

Order system

Japanese
Romanji Katakana
1 I イ
2 Ro ロ
3 Ha ハ
4 Ni ニ
5 Ho ホ
6 He ヘ
7 To ト
8 Chi チ
9 Ri リ
10 Nu ヌ
11 Ru ル
12 O オ
  • The chosen order of vehicles was based on the Japanese poem Iroha (いろは), which contains each character of the Japanese syllabary exactly once. (A total of 47)
  • Early Japanese tanks were designated only by order without role:
    • Type 89 I-Go - 1st model of Imperial Japanese year 2589 (1929)
    • Type 95 Ro-Go - 2nd model of Imperial Japanese year 2595 (1935)
    • Type 95 Ha-Go - 3rd model of Imperial Japanese year 2595 (1935)

Manufacturer/Designer

Czech

Vehicle

  • LT – Lehký tank: Light tank
    • LT vz. 38
  • ST – Střední tank: Medium tank
    • ST vz. 39
  • OA – Obrněný automobil: Armoured car
  • vz. – vzor: Version

Manufacturer/Designer

  • ČKD – Českomoravská Kolben-Daněk
  • ZB – Zbrojovka Brno

Swedish

Vehicle

Ground

  • Strv – Stridsvagn: Tank (literally: Combat vehicle)
  • Ikv – Infanterikanonvagn: Assault howitzer (literally: Infantry (support) gun vehicle)
  • Sav – Stormartillerivagn: Assault gun (literally: Assault artillery vehicle)
  • Pvkv – Pansarvärnskanonvagn: Tank destroyer
  • Lvkv – Luftvärnskanonvagn: Anti-air vehicle

Air

  • A - Attack
  • B - Bomb
  • Fpl - Flygplan: Aeroplane (used by the Army for fixed-wing aircraft)
  • Hkp - Helikopter
  • J - Jakt: Fighter
  • T - Torped: Torpedo Bomber

Weaponry

Munition

  • gr - granat: Grenade (synonymous with shell)
  • prj - projektil: Bullet
  • hpgr - halvpansargranat: Semi-armour-piercing shell
  • slpprj - spårljuspansarprojektil: Armour-piercing tracer bullet
  • slsgr - spårljusspränggranat: High-explosive tracer shell
  • sgr - spränggranat: High-explosive shell
  • rökgr - rökgranat: Smoke shell (literally: Smoke grenade)
  • Rb - Robot: Missile
  • Rbs - Robotsystem: Missile launcher/system (literally: missile system)
  • srak - Sprängraket: Explosive rocket
  • psrak - Pansarsprängraket: Armour-piercing explosive rocket
  • hprak - Halvpansarraket Semi-armour-piercing rocket (literally: half-armour rocket)
  • mb - Minbomb Medium capacity / General purpose bomb
  • sb - Sprängbomb High-explosive bomb

English

Vehicle (US)

Ground

Air

Army (pre-1962)

Navy (pre-1962)

  • A - Attacker
  • F - Fighter
  • BT - Bomber (torpedo)
  • P - Patrol
  • PB – Patrol Bomber
  • SB – Scout Bomber (Dive bomber):
  • TB – Torpedo Bomber
  • OS – Observation Scout
    • OS2U-1: Navy Observation Scout 2, Vought No.1

Post 1962

  • AH - Attack Helicopter
  • UH - Utility Helicopter

Naval

Vehicle (UK)

or

Vehicle (other)

  • HMAS – His/Her Majesty's Australian Ship: Honorific styling
  • HMCS – His/Her Majesty's Canadian Ship: Honorific styling
  • HMNZS – His/Her Majesty's New Zealand Ship: Honorific styling
  • ORP – Okręt Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej: Warship of the Republic of Poland (honorific styling)

Manufacturer/Designer (US)

  • GMC – General Motors Company (not to be confused with Gun Motor Carriage)

(Army) Air Force

  • BN – Boeing (Renton plant, Washington)
  • CO – Consolidated (San Diego plant, California)
  • DT – Douglas (Tulsa plant, Oklahoma)
  • DB – Douglas Bomber (company designation)
  • LO – Lockheed (Burbank plant, California)
  • NA – North American (Inglewood plant, California)
  • RE – Republic (Farmingdale plant, New York)
  • VE – Vega (Burbank plant, California)

Navy

  • A – Brewster
    • F2A-1 Buffalo: Navy Fighter 2, Brewster No. 1
  • C – Curtiss
    • SB2C-4 Helldiver: Navy Scout Bomber 2, Curtiss No. 4
  • D – Douglas
    • SBD-3 Dauntless: Navy Scout Bomber, Douglas No. 3
  • F – Grumman
    • F6F-5 Hellcat: Navy Fighter 6, Grumman No. 5
  • H – McDonnell
    • F2H-2 Banshee: Navy (Jet) Fighter 2, McDonnell No. 2
  • J – North American
    • PBJ-1H Mitchell: Navy Patrol Bomber, North American No. 1
  • M – Martin
    • PBM-3 Mariner: Navy Patrol Bomber, Martin No. 3
  • U – Vought (military designation)
    • OS2U-1 Kingfisher: Navy Observation Scout 2, Vought No.1
  • V – Vought (company designation)
  • Y – Consolidated

Manufacturer/Designer (UK)

Manufacturer/Designer (other)

Weaponry (US)

  • MCLOS – Manual Command to Line of Sight
  • SACLOS – Semi-Automatic Command to Line of Sight
  • TOW – Tube-launched, Optically-tracked, Wire-guided
  • AGM – Air-launched, Ground-attack, Missile
  • AIM – Air-launched, Interception, Missile
  • BGM – Multi-launched, Ground-attack, Missile
  • VADS – Vulcan Air Defense System
  • AN – Army/Navy
  • HB – Heavy Barrel

Weaponry (UK)

  • BL – Breech-loading (cannon): Usually for (naval) guns of 5 inch calibre and upwards.
  • QF – Quick-firing (cannon): Usually for (naval) guns of up to 5 inch calibre.
  • RP – Remote-powered (control): System of direct unified control of turrets (RP.10: Hydraulic, RP.50: Electric)
  • HA – High-angle (mount): Mounting for large-calibre AA guns.
  • CP – Central-pivot (mount): Mounting for naval guns.
  • BD – Between decks (mount): Low profile mountings, noticeably for being flush with the flight decks on carriers
  • STAAG – Stabilized tachymetric anti-aircraft gun (mount)
  • ADEN – Armament Development Establishment, Enfield
  • RARDEN – Royal Armament, Research and Development Establishment, Enfield
  • pdr – Pounder: Gun designations based on the pound (lb) weight of their projectiles.
  • cwt – Hundredweight (centum weight): Gun designations based on weight (barrel and breech) in cwt (1 cwt = 112 lb)
  • GO – Gas Operated

Munition

  • B – Ball-Point
  • I – Incendiary
  • I-T – Incendiary Tracer
  • IAI – Immediate Action Incendiary
  • FI – Fragmentation Incendiary
  • FI-T – Fragmentation Incendiary Tracer
  • T – Tracer
  • P – Practice
  • PT – Practice Tracer
  • SAP – Semi-Armour-Piercing
  • SAPI – Semi-Armour-Piercing Incendiary
  • AP – Armour-Piercing
  • API – Armour-Piercing Incendiary
  • AP-T – Armour-Piercing Tracer
  • API-T – Armour-Piercing Incendiary Tracer
  • APC – Armour-Piercing Capped
  • APCBC – Armour-Piercing Capped Ballistic Capped
  • APCR – Armour-Piercing Composite Rigid
  • APHE – Armour-Piercing High-Explosive
  • APDS – Armour-Piercing Discarding Sabot
  • APFSDS – Armour-Piercing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot
  • HVAP – High-Velocity Armour-Piercing
  • HVAP-T – High-Velocity Armour-Piercing Tracer
  • HE – High-Explosive
  • HEF – High-Explosive Fragmentation
  • HE-I – High-Explosive Incendiary
  • HEFI – High-Explosive Fragmentation Incendiary
  • HEF-T – High-Explosive Fragmentation Tracer
  • HEFI-T – High-Explosive Fragmentation Incendiary Tracer
  • HESH – High-Explosive Squash-Head
  • HEAT – High-Explosive Anti-Tank
  • HEAT-FS – High-Explosive Anti-Tank Fin-Stabilized
  • ATGM – Anti-Tank Guided Missile
  • GP – General Purpose (bomb)
  • MC – Medium Capacity (bomb)
  • HC – High Capacity (bomb)

Munition (UK)

  • RP – Rocket Projectile

Military (US)

  • USAAF – United States Army Air Force
  • USAF – United States Air Force
  • USMC – United States Marine Corps
  • USN – United States Navy
  • VMF – Marine Fighter Squadron: V – Fixed-wing aircraft, M – Marine Corps, F – Fighter
  • VMA – Marine Attacker Squadron: V – Fixed-wing aircraft, M – Marine Corps, A – Attacker

Military (UK)

  • RAF – Royal Air Force
  • RN – Royal Navy
  • FAA – Fleet Air Arm: Royal Navy Air Force

Military (other)

  • RAAF – Royal Australian Air Force
  • RCAF – Royal Canadian Air Force
  • RNZAF – Royal New Zealand Air Force
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