Difference between revisions of "AIM-9M Sidewinder"
m (Fixed a typo) (Tag: Visual edit) |
Nefarioulyte (talk | contribs) m (Man, whoever made all of these missile characteristics tables loves to give infrared missiles electronic counter-countermeasure stats. I've corrected the table to say "IRCCM" instead of "ECCM") (Tag: Visual edit) |
||
| (23 intermediate revisions by 11 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| − | + | {{About | |
| − | + | | about = American air-to-air missile '''{{PAGENAME}}''' | |
| − | + | | usage = other versions | |
| − | The AIM-9M | + | | link = AIM-9 Sidewinder (Family) |
| + | }} | ||
| + | == Description == | ||
| + | <!-- ''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.'' --> | ||
| + | The AIM-9 Sidewinder is a renowned family of short-range air-to-air missiles used by global air forces. Among its variations, the AIM-9M, introduced in the 1980s, stands out. This version was tailored to offer enhanced resistance to IR countermeasures, making it harder for enemy aircraft to evade or deceive. The AIM-9M also features a reduced-smoke rocket motor, minimizing the risk of the launching aircraft being spotted. Its deployment in various conflicts has cemented its reputation as a formidable air-to-air weapon. | ||
=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon === | === Vehicles equipped with this weapon === | ||
<!-- ''List out vehicles that are equipped with the weapon.'' --> | <!-- ''List out vehicles that are equipped with the weapon.'' --> | ||
| − | + | {{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}} | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | {{Navigation-First-Line|'''Jet fighters'''}}{{Specs-Link|tornado_f3_late}} | |
| − | + | {{Navigation-Line|F-15}}{{Specs-Link|f_15a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f_15a_iaf}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f_15c_baz_msip}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f_15c_msip2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f_15j}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f_15j_kai}} | |
| − | + | {{Navigation-Line|F-16}}{{Specs-Link|f_16a_block_15_belgium}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f_16am_block_15_mlu_belgium}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f_16c_block_50}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f_16c_block_40_barak_2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f_16d_block_40_barak_2}} | |
| + | {{Navigation-Line|JAS39}}{{Specs-Link|saab_jas39c_south_africa}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|saab_jas39c_hungary}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{Navigation-Line|'''Strike aircraft'''}}{{Specs-Link|a_10c}} | ||
| + | {{Navigation-Line|Harrier}}{{Specs-Link|harrier_gr7}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|sea_harrier_fa2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|av_8b_plus}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|av_8b_plus_italy}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{Navigation-Line|'''Attack helicopters'''}}{{Specs-Link|ah_1z}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{Navigation-End}} | ||
== General info == | == General info == | ||
| − | + | <!-- ''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the missile.'' --> | |
| + | The most notable characteristics are: | ||
| − | + | # '''IRCCM''': the AIM-9M's guidance system was uses a form of IRCCM called Suspended Animation to provide increased resistance to infrared countermeasures. This form of IRCCM shuts off the seeker and relies off INS (Inertial Navigation System). This feature makes it harder for adversary aircraft to deploy flares or other means to deceive or divert the missile. | |
| − | + | # '''Reduced-smoke rocket motor''': the AIM-9M comes with a motor that produces less visible smoke. This characteristic is vital tactically, as it reduces the chances of the missile giving away the position of the launching aircraft, or the visual cue (besides the missile diamond) that a missile had even been fired. | |
| − | + | # '''Reliability''': over the years and through various upgrades, the Sidewinder family has developed a reputation for reliability, and the AIM-9M embodies this trait. | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
=== Effective damage === | === Effective damage === | ||
| − | ''Describe the type of damage produced by this type of missile (high explosive, splash damage, etc)'' | + | <!-- ''Describe the type of damage produced by this type of missile (high explosive, splash damage, etc)'' --> |
| + | It has a 4.58 kg warhead, making it average but still reliable at crippling or downing enemy planes with its warhead. The damage can be, at times, inconsistent and larger aircraft may tank the missile in certain (and quite unlikely) conditions. | ||
=== Comparison with analogues === | === Comparison with analogues === | ||
| − | + | <!-- ''Give a comparative description of missiles that have firepower equal to this weapon.'' --> | |
| + | In terms of flight characteristics, the missile is identical to the [[AIM-9L Sidewinder]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The IRCCM this missile uses (suspended animation) which currently can only be found on helicopter AAMs. The Japanese AAM-3 which is carried on the F-15J uses the same type of IRCCM, and has slightly better performance overall in comparison. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The other comparable missiles of this generation are the [[Matra R550 Magic 2]] and [[R-73]]. Both of these also have IRCCM, however they use a type of IRCCM called FOV Gating, where once it is fired, the inner FOV of the seeker is reduced, making it harder to "see" flares. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| − | ! | + | ! Missile Characteristics !! AIM-9M !! R-73 !! Magic 2 !! AIM-9L |
| − | ! | + | |- |
| − | ! | + | | '''Mass''' || 84 kg || 105 kg || 89 kg || 84 kg |
| − | ! | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |''' | + | | '''Guidance''' |
| − | | | + | | IR || IR || IR || IR |
| − | | | ||
| − | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |''' | + | | '''Aspect''' || All-Aspect || All-Aspect || All-aspect || All-Aspect |
| − | | | ||
| − | | | ||
| − | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |''' | + | | '''Seeker Head''' || Uncaged (radar slavable) || Uncaged (radar slavable) || Uncaged (radar slavable) || Uncaged (radar slavable) |
| − | | | ||
| − | | | ||
| − | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |''' | + | | '''Lock range (rear-aspect)''' || 11 km || 11 km || 6 km || 11 km |
| − | | | ||
| − | | | ||
| − | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |'''Lock range ( | + | | '''Lock range (all-aspect)''' || 3 km || 3.4 km || 3 km || 3 km |
| − | | | ||
| − | | | ||
| − | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |''' | + | | '''IRCCM''' || Yes || Yes || Yes || No |
| − | | | ||
| − | | | ||
| − | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |''' | + | | '''IRCCM Type''' || Suspended Animation || FOV Gating || FOV Gating |
| − | | | + | ! |
| − | | | ||
| − | | | ||
| − | |||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |''' | + | | '''Thrust Vectoring''' || No || Yes || No || No |
| − | | | ||
| − | | | ||
| − | | | ||
| − | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |''' | + | | '''Launch range''' || 18 km || 30 km || 10 km || 18 km |
| − | | | ||
| − | | | ||
| − | | | ||
| − | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |''' | + | | '''Maximum speed''' || 2.5 M || 2.5 M || 3 M || 2.5 M |
| − | | | ||
| − | | | ||
| − | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |'''Maximum | + | | '''Maximum overload''' || 30 G || 40 G || 35 G || 30 G |
| − | | | ||
| − | | | ||
| − | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |''' | + | | '''Missile guidance time''' || 60 s || 25 s || 25 s || 60 s |
| − | | | ||
| − | | | ||
| − | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |''' | + | | '''Explosive Mass''' || 4.58 kg TNTe || 5.96 kg TNTe || 9.6kg TNTe || 4.06 kg TNTe |
| − | | | ||
| − | | | ||
| − | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
|} | |} | ||
== Usage in battles == | == Usage in battles == | ||
| − | The AIM-9M | + | <!-- ''Describe situations when you would utilise this missile in-game (vehicle, pillbox, base, etc)'' --> |
| + | The AIM-9M should be used to target enemy fighters. It's potential of destroying a target becomes exponentially higher when firing at a clueless or unsuspecting enemy, such as AFK players or those who don't know you are coming. | ||
| + | |||
| + | When an enemy is flaring, or ready to flare the missile, shooting it from side aspect is generally most reliable, with rear aspect being fairly reliable and front aspect not being reliable at all. | ||
=== Pros and cons === | === Pros and cons === | ||
| − | '''Pros:''' | + | <!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.'' --> |
| − | + | '''Pros:''' | |
| − | |||
| − | * | + | * Missile difficult to evade from as knowledge about how suspended animation IRCCM works is required to have a chance at evading missile |
| − | + | * Long range for its class of missile. Can reliably be fired from 2.5 km when chasing a supersonic target at low altitude. Up to 4.5 km when at altitude, and even 6-7 km if conditions allow for it | |
| − | * | + | * Very manoeuvrable, it is extremely hard to dodge this missile kinetically |
'''Cons:''' | '''Cons:''' | ||
| − | * | + | * It becomes "dumb" if the target keeps flaring, trying to hit the enemy based on right before seeker shut off due to flares |
| − | + | * Not very useful in a dogfight as it doesn't pull hard enough against a close range manoeuvring target | |
| − | |||
| − | == | + | == History == |
| − | + | <!-- ''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.'' --> | |
| − | + | Despite the successful development and service of the [[AIM-9L Sidewinder|AIM-9L]], the team at China Lake still believed that there were still more capabilities that could be implemented into the missile that didn't fit within the AIM-9L development scope. When the US government came back and asked what else in the missile could be improved, the team set to work on the AIM-9L Product Improvement Package (PIP) that focused on adding these no capabilities.<ref name="Westrum_Sidewinder9M">Westrum 2013, 197</ref> | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | + | The primary improvement was better resistance to countermeasures, and as such a counter-countermeasure was implemented into the missile. One method was through the use of optical filters, which combined with the missile's own processing power in the installed computer chip meant it could not only filter out countermeasures, but also terrain and clouds, letting the missile focus on the optical signature of its target.<ref name="Westrum_Sidewinder9M" /> A low-smoke motor was also installed to reduce its visibility when fired.<ref name="AirVector_Sidewinder">Goebel 2023</ref> | |
| − | A | ||
| − | + | The new and improved missile was designated '''AIM-9M''' and would be put into production in 1981.<ref name="Westrum_Sidewinder9M" /> More than 7,000 AIM-9M missiles would be produced, with different subtypes developed, labeled sequentially from "AIM-9M-1" to "AIM-9M-10", for improvements such as better ability to distinguish countermeasures from an aircraft and new component improvements.<ref name="Designation_Sidewinder">Parsch 2008</ref> | |
| − | |||
| − | + | ===Future Sidewinder variants=== | |
| + | The next significant AIM-9 variant to be developed was the ''AIM-9R'', which attempted to evolve the AIM-9 design with the use of a charge-coupled device (CCD) detector, allowing the missile to use an imaging system to track the target. However, cost overruns, staff mismanagement, use of expensive and complicated components, and the fact the imaging system could not work in the night caused the backers of the program to lose faith and the missile was cancelled by the US Navy in December 1991.<ref name="Westrum_9R">Westrum 2013, 198-203</ref> | ||
| − | + | [[File:AIM-9X_F-15C_2002.jpg|x150px|left|thumb|none|An AIM-9X Sidewinder on an F-15C.]] | |
| − | '' | + | The most recent Sidewinder variant to see use is the ''AIM-9X'', which uses the Mk 36 motor and WDU-17/B warhead from the AIM-9M, but the airframe had been redesigned with smaller fins and canards for lower drag and better flight performance. Rollerons have been removed from the Sidewinder's design as the flight control system was sophisticated enough to no longer need them. The WPU-17/B propulsion section uses a jet-vane steering system to steer the Sidewinder with thrust-vectoring. The result was a more compact missile that could fit within a fighter's internal bay, such as the F-22 and F-35.<ref name="Designation_Sidewinder" /> The biggest improvement of the AIM-9X over the predecessors was the guidance, using a seeker that was developed for the AIM-132 {{Annotation|ASRAAM|Advanced Short-Range Anti-Air Missile}} with an imaging infrared array, cooled by a Stirling-cycle cryocooler.<ref name="AirVector_Sidewinder" /> The AIM-9X also introduced an "Off-Boresight" capability, allowing the missile to be used with the Joint Helmet-Mounted Cueing System (JHMCS) to acquire target with the pilot's helmet.<ref name="AirVector_Sidewinder" /><ref name="Designation_Sidewinder" /> Continually seeing development as late as 2019,<ref name="Drive_AIM9X">Rogoway et al. 2019</ref> the AIM-9X looks to be the main Sidewinder model for the 21st century aerospace. |
== Media == | == Media == | ||
| Line 188: | Line 127: | ||
* ''topic on the official game forum;'' | * ''topic on the official game forum;'' | ||
* ''other literature.'' | * ''other literature.'' | ||
| + | |||
| + | === References === | ||
| + | |||
| + | ;Citations | ||
| + | <references /> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ;Bibliography | ||
| + | |||
| + | * Goebel, Greg. 2023. "The Falcon & Sidewinder Air-To-Air Missiles." Air Vectors. Last modified June 01, 2023. [https://www.airvectors.net/avusaam_1.html#m6 Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20220107173258/https://www.airvectors.net/avusaam_1.html Archive]). | ||
| + | * Parsch, Andreas. 2008. "AIM-9." Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles. Last modified July 09, 2008. [http://www.designation-systems.info/dusrm/m-9.html Website] | ||
| + | * Rogoway, Tyler and Josephy Trevithick. 2019. "The AIM-9X Sidewinder May Finally Evolve Into A Completely New And Longer-Range Missile". The Drive. Last modified September 03, 2019. [https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/29158/the-aim-9x-sidewinder-may-finally-evolve-into-a-completely-new-and-longer-range-missile Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211123183940/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/29158/the-aim-9x-sidewinder-may-finally-evolve-into-a-completely-new-and-longer-range-missile Archive]). | ||
| + | * Westrum, Ron. 2013. ''Sidewinder; Creative Missile Development at China Lake''. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. | ||
{{Missiles}} | {{Missiles}} | ||
[[Category:Suspended armaments]] | [[Category:Suspended armaments]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:46, 30 October 2024
| This page is about the American air-to-air missile AIM-9M Sidewinder. For other versions, see AIM-9 Sidewinder (Family). |
Contents
Description
The AIM-9 Sidewinder is a renowned family of short-range air-to-air missiles used by global air forces. Among its variations, the AIM-9M, introduced in the 1980s, stands out. This version was tailored to offer enhanced resistance to IR countermeasures, making it harder for enemy aircraft to evade or deceive. The AIM-9M also features a reduced-smoke rocket motor, minimizing the risk of the launching aircraft being spotted. Its deployment in various conflicts has cemented its reputation as a formidable air-to-air weapon.
Vehicles equipped with this weapon
| Vehicles equipped with this weapon | |
|---|---|
| Jet fighters | Tornado F.3 Late |
| F-15 | F-15A · Baz · Baz Meshupar · F-15C MSIP II · F-15J · F-15J(M) |
| F-16 | ▄F-16A · ▄F-16AM · F-16C · F-16C Barak II · F-16D Barak II |
| JAS39 | ▄JAS39C · ◔JAS39EBS HU C |
| Strike aircraft | A-10C |
| Harrier | Harrier GR.7 · Sea Harrier FA 2 · AV-8B Plus · ▄AV-8B Plus |
| Attack helicopters | AH-1Z |
General info
The most notable characteristics are:
- IRCCM: the AIM-9M's guidance system was uses a form of IRCCM called Suspended Animation to provide increased resistance to infrared countermeasures. This form of IRCCM shuts off the seeker and relies off INS (Inertial Navigation System). This feature makes it harder for adversary aircraft to deploy flares or other means to deceive or divert the missile.
- Reduced-smoke rocket motor: the AIM-9M comes with a motor that produces less visible smoke. This characteristic is vital tactically, as it reduces the chances of the missile giving away the position of the launching aircraft, or the visual cue (besides the missile diamond) that a missile had even been fired.
- Reliability: over the years and through various upgrades, the Sidewinder family has developed a reputation for reliability, and the AIM-9M embodies this trait.
Effective damage
It has a 4.58 kg warhead, making it average but still reliable at crippling or downing enemy planes with its warhead. The damage can be, at times, inconsistent and larger aircraft may tank the missile in certain (and quite unlikely) conditions.
Comparison with analogues
In terms of flight characteristics, the missile is identical to the AIM-9L Sidewinder.
The IRCCM this missile uses (suspended animation) which currently can only be found on helicopter AAMs. The Japanese AAM-3 which is carried on the F-15J uses the same type of IRCCM, and has slightly better performance overall in comparison.
The other comparable missiles of this generation are the Matra R550 Magic 2 and R-73. Both of these also have IRCCM, however they use a type of IRCCM called FOV Gating, where once it is fired, the inner FOV of the seeker is reduced, making it harder to "see" flares.
| Missile Characteristics | AIM-9M | R-73 | Magic 2 | AIM-9L |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mass | 84 kg | 105 kg | 89 kg | 84 kg |
| Guidance | IR | IR | IR | IR |
| Aspect | All-Aspect | All-Aspect | All-aspect | All-Aspect |
| Seeker Head | Uncaged (radar slavable) | Uncaged (radar slavable) | Uncaged (radar slavable) | Uncaged (radar slavable) |
| Lock range (rear-aspect) | 11 km | 11 km | 6 km | 11 km |
| Lock range (all-aspect) | 3 km | 3.4 km | 3 km | 3 km |
| IRCCM | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| IRCCM Type | Suspended Animation | FOV Gating | FOV Gating | |
| Thrust Vectoring | No | Yes | No | No |
| Launch range | 18 km | 30 km | 10 km | 18 km |
| Maximum speed | 2.5 M | 2.5 M | 3 M | 2.5 M |
| Maximum overload | 30 G | 40 G | 35 G | 30 G |
| Missile guidance time | 60 s | 25 s | 25 s | 60 s |
| Explosive Mass | 4.58 kg TNTe | 5.96 kg TNTe | 9.6kg TNTe | 4.06 kg TNTe |
Usage in battles
The AIM-9M should be used to target enemy fighters. It's potential of destroying a target becomes exponentially higher when firing at a clueless or unsuspecting enemy, such as AFK players or those who don't know you are coming.
When an enemy is flaring, or ready to flare the missile, shooting it from side aspect is generally most reliable, with rear aspect being fairly reliable and front aspect not being reliable at all.
Pros and cons
Pros:
- Missile difficult to evade from as knowledge about how suspended animation IRCCM works is required to have a chance at evading missile
- Long range for its class of missile. Can reliably be fired from 2.5 km when chasing a supersonic target at low altitude. Up to 4.5 km when at altitude, and even 6-7 km if conditions allow for it
- Very manoeuvrable, it is extremely hard to dodge this missile kinetically
Cons:
- It becomes "dumb" if the target keeps flaring, trying to hit the enemy based on right before seeker shut off due to flares
- Not very useful in a dogfight as it doesn't pull hard enough against a close range manoeuvring target
History
Despite the successful development and service of the AIM-9L, the team at China Lake still believed that there were still more capabilities that could be implemented into the missile that didn't fit within the AIM-9L development scope. When the US government came back and asked what else in the missile could be improved, the team set to work on the AIM-9L Product Improvement Package (PIP) that focused on adding these no capabilities.[1]
The primary improvement was better resistance to countermeasures, and as such a counter-countermeasure was implemented into the missile. One method was through the use of optical filters, which combined with the missile's own processing power in the installed computer chip meant it could not only filter out countermeasures, but also terrain and clouds, letting the missile focus on the optical signature of its target.[1] A low-smoke motor was also installed to reduce its visibility when fired.[2]
The new and improved missile was designated AIM-9M and would be put into production in 1981.[1] More than 7,000 AIM-9M missiles would be produced, with different subtypes developed, labeled sequentially from "AIM-9M-1" to "AIM-9M-10", for improvements such as better ability to distinguish countermeasures from an aircraft and new component improvements.[3]
Future Sidewinder variants
The next significant AIM-9 variant to be developed was the AIM-9R, which attempted to evolve the AIM-9 design with the use of a charge-coupled device (CCD) detector, allowing the missile to use an imaging system to track the target. However, cost overruns, staff mismanagement, use of expensive and complicated components, and the fact the imaging system could not work in the night caused the backers of the program to lose faith and the missile was cancelled by the US Navy in December 1991.[4]
The most recent Sidewinder variant to see use is the AIM-9X, which uses the Mk 36 motor and WDU-17/B warhead from the AIM-9M, but the airframe had been redesigned with smaller fins and canards for lower drag and better flight performance. Rollerons have been removed from the Sidewinder's design as the flight control system was sophisticated enough to no longer need them. The WPU-17/B propulsion section uses a jet-vane steering system to steer the Sidewinder with thrust-vectoring. The result was a more compact missile that could fit within a fighter's internal bay, such as the F-22 and F-35.[3] The biggest improvement of the AIM-9X over the predecessors was the guidance, using a seeker that was developed for the AIM-132 ASRAAM with an imaging infrared array, cooled by a Stirling-cycle cryocooler.[2] The AIM-9X also introduced an "Off-Boresight" capability, allowing the missile to be used with the Joint Helmet-Mounted Cueing System (JHMCS) to acquire target with the pilot's helmet.[2][3] Continually seeing development as late as 2019,[5] the AIM-9X looks to be the main Sidewinder model for the 21st century aerospace.
Media
Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.
See also
Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:
- reference to the article about the variant of the weapon;
- references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.
External links
Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:
- topic on the official game forum;
- other literature.
References
- Citations
- Bibliography
- Goebel, Greg. 2023. "The Falcon & Sidewinder Air-To-Air Missiles." Air Vectors. Last modified June 01, 2023. Website (Archive).
- Parsch, Andreas. 2008. "AIM-9." Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles. Last modified July 09, 2008. Website
- Rogoway, Tyler and Josephy Trevithick. 2019. "The AIM-9X Sidewinder May Finally Evolve Into A Completely New And Longer-Range Missile". The Drive. Last modified September 03, 2019. Website (Archive).
- Westrum, Ron. 2013. Sidewinder; Creative Missile Development at China Lake. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press.
