Difference between revisions of "AIM-54A Phoenix"
Inceptor57 (talk | contribs) m (→History) |
Inceptor57 (talk | contribs) (Additional details based on new source) |
||
| Line 65: | Line 65: | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
<!--''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''--> | <!--''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''--> | ||
| + | ===Development=== | ||
Development of an American long-range air-to-air missile trace back to the 1958, when Hughes was awarded a contract by the United States Air Force for the ''GAR-9'' missile (designated in 1962 as the ''AIM-47''), which was to have a range of 160 kilometers (100 miles) and a 45 kg (100 lb) warhead. Due to the long-distance required, the missile was given an active radar seeker in order to attack their target. The US Navy, seeking a fleet-defense weapon since the late 1950s, took interest in the GAR-9 design as a potential candidate and contracted Hughes in 1962 to develop a new long-range air-to-air missile, designated ''AAM-N-11'', for their fleet interceptor. AAM-N-11 would be later designated in June 1963 as the '''AIM-54A ''Phoenix'''''.<ref name="AirVector">Goebel 2021</ref> | Development of an American long-range air-to-air missile trace back to the 1958, when Hughes was awarded a contract by the United States Air Force for the ''GAR-9'' missile (designated in 1962 as the ''AIM-47''), which was to have a range of 160 kilometers (100 miles) and a 45 kg (100 lb) warhead. Due to the long-distance required, the missile was given an active radar seeker in order to attack their target. The US Navy, seeking a fleet-defense weapon since the late 1950s, took interest in the GAR-9 design as a potential candidate and contracted Hughes in 1962 to develop a new long-range air-to-air missile, designated ''AAM-N-11'', for their fleet interceptor. AAM-N-11 would be later designated in June 1963 as the '''AIM-54A ''Phoenix'''''.<ref name="AirVector">Goebel 2021</ref> | ||
| Line 77: | Line 78: | ||
The AIM-54A would continue production until 18 November 1980 with a total of 2505 units as it was replaced by the improved ''AIM-54C Phoenix'' missile.<ref name="USN"/> | The AIM-54A would continue production until 18 November 1980 with a total of 2505 units as it was replaced by the improved ''AIM-54C Phoenix'' missile.<ref name="USN"/> | ||
| − | The AIM-54A Phoenix would never be used in combat in F-14As piloted by American crew. Instead, most of the AIM-54A aerial victories were scored by the nation Iran, | + | ===Iranian service=== |
| + | The AIM-54A Phoenix would never be used in combat in F-14As piloted by American crew. Instead, most of the AIM-54A aerial victories were scored by the nation Iran. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Iran, under the Shah, made a signed contract in January 1974 for 30 F-14A ''Tomcats'' and includes 424 AIM-54As, with another 50 F-14As and 290 AIM-54A missiles in June the same year. However, only 274 Phoenixes and 10 training missiles would be delivered prior to the Iranian Revolution.<ref name="TC_F14IranIntro">Cooper and Bishop 2004, 13-14, 27</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | The new Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force (IRIAF) would use the procured F-14A and AIM-54A Phoenix missiles in the Iran-Iraq War that launched in 1980. The first air victory credited to the AIM-54A Phoenix occurred on 13 September 1980 when a patrolling Iranian F-14A of 81st Tactical Fighter Squadron (TFS) from Tactical Fighter Base 8 (TFB 8) shot down a MIG-23MS.<ref name="TC_F14IranWar">Cooper and Bishop 2004, 38</ref> On 07 January 1981, two Iranian F-14A from TFB 8 spotted four MiG-23BN flying in a tight formation and launched a AIM-54A from a distance of 50 km. The missile detonated on the lead MiG, but the explosion, debris, and tight formation the MiGs were flying in led to two other MiG-23s crashing. This is currently the only known case of a single anti-aircraft missile downing three aircraft.<ref name="TC_F14Iran3">Cooper and Bishop 2004, 68</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | The IRIAF continued to use the AIM-54A Phoenixes throughout the Iran-Iraq War, even as the stocks of Phoenix missiles began to ran dry due to usage and inability to maintain AIM-54s due to the exigency of war and the lack of spare parts such as thermal batteries. The Iranians received spare parts and service-life extension kits known as Phase 1M54ALE for the AIM-54 Phoenixes as part of the Iran-Contra affair, but the stocks of AIM-54 fell below 50 working missiles by November 1987.<ref name="TC_F14Mainteannce">Cooper and Bishop 2004, 125, 156</ref> By the time a ceasefire is held 07 July 1988 to begin ending the Iran-Iraq War, the IRIAF was credited with 62 victories with the use of AIM-54 Phoenixes.<ref name="CSBA">Stillion 2015, 22</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | With the US retirement of the AIM-54 on 30 September 2004, the IRIAF remains the only user of the AIM-54 Phoenix missiles.<ref name="DS_Phoenix"/> In an attempt to supplement their dwindling quantity of AIM-54, Iran developed a domestic production version of the missile, the ''Fakour-90'', which was unveiled in 2013. The Fakour-90 is suspected to be derived from reverse-engineering the US MIM-23 Hawk surface-to-air missile.<ref name="Fakour">Cenciotti 2013</ref> | ||
== Media == | == Media == | ||
| Line 104: | Line 114: | ||
;Bibliography: | ;Bibliography: | ||
| + | * Cencioti, David. 2013. "Iranian F-14 Tomcat’s “new” indigenous air-to-air missile is actually an (improved?) AIM-54 Phoenix replica." Last modified September 26, 2013. [https://theaviationist.com/2013/09/26/farouk-missile/ Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20220724200115/https://theaviationist.com/2013/09/26/farouk-missile/ Archive]). | ||
| + | * Cooper, Tom and Farzad Bishop. 2004. ''Iranian F-14 Tomcat Units In Combat.'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing. Kindle. | ||
* Goebel, Greg. 2021. "[1.0] Falcon & Sidewinder." Air Vectors. Last modified July 01, 2021. [http://www.airvectors.net/avusaam_1.html Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20220107173258/http://www.airvectors.net/avusaam_1.html Archive]). | * Goebel, Greg. 2021. "[1.0] Falcon & Sidewinder." Air Vectors. Last modified July 01, 2021. [http://www.airvectors.net/avusaam_1.html Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20220107173258/http://www.airvectors.net/avusaam_1.html Archive]). | ||
* Naval Air Systems Command. 2017. "AIM-54 Phoenix Missile." United States Navy. Last modified March 10, 2017. [https://www.navy.mil/DesktopModules/ArticleCS/Print.aspx?PortalId=1&ModuleId=724&Article=2168381 Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20220722043513/https://www.navy.mil/DesktopModules/ArticleCS/Print.aspx?PortalId=1&ModuleId=724&Article=2168381 Archive]). | * Naval Air Systems Command. 2017. "AIM-54 Phoenix Missile." United States Navy. Last modified March 10, 2017. [https://www.navy.mil/DesktopModules/ArticleCS/Print.aspx?PortalId=1&ModuleId=724&Article=2168381 Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20220722043513/https://www.navy.mil/DesktopModules/ArticleCS/Print.aspx?PortalId=1&ModuleId=724&Article=2168381 Archive]). | ||
* Parsch, Andreas. 2004. "AIM-54." Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles. Last modified October 08, 2004. [https://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-54.html Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20220722043903/https://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-54.html Archive]) | * Parsch, Andreas. 2004. "AIM-54." Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles. Last modified October 08, 2004. [https://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-54.html Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20220722043903/https://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-54.html Archive]) | ||
| − | * Stillion, John. 2015. ''Trends in Air-to-Air Combat: Implications for Future Air Superiority.'' Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. | + | * Stillion, John. 2015. ''Trends in Air-to-Air Combat: Implications for Future Air Superiority.'' Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. CSBA Online. |
| + | |||
{{Missiles}} | {{Missiles}} | ||
[[Category:Suspended armaments]] | [[Category:Suspended armaments]] | ||
Revision as of 20:05, 24 July 2022
Contents
Description
The AIM-54A Phoenix is an American active radar homing missile. It was introduced in Update "Danger Zone". The AIM-54A Phoenix is the first active-radar homing missile to be introduced in War Thunder.
Vehicles equipped with this weapon
General info
| Missile characteristics | |
|---|---|
| Mass | 447 kg |
| Guidance | ARH+IOG+DL |
| Signal | CW |
| Lock range | 16 km |
| Launch range | 150 km |
| Maximum speed | 4.3 M |
| Maximum overload | 16 G |
| Missile guidance time | 100 secs |
| Explosive mass | 60.54 kg TNTeq |
Effective damage
The AIM-54 is equipped with a 60 kg TNT warhead, capably of destroying targets with wide proximity fuze.
Comparison with analogues
Compared to the 2nd longest range missile in the game, AIM-7F Sparrow, the Phoenix has much longer range, but sacrifices manoeuvrability heavily.
Usage in battles
While taking more than 2 of these missiles isn't recommended in regular RB maps, an F-14 pilot can climb to about 5000 meters after take off and launch at any target it sees, preferably high altitude targets. Backing up to their team right after. In EC maps, this missile can be launched in groups to different targets at very long ranges by F-14 pilots.
Pros and cons
Pros:
- Has an active radar homing (ARH) seeker, which gives it fire-and-forget capability
- Can reach ranges that no other weapon system in the game can reach, if high enough in altitude can hit targets beyond 50 km
- Extremely fast at high altitudes after some acceleration
- Can be launched in TWS, which gives target no radar lock notification until the missile goes pitbull
- Has decently wide proximity radius which the missile can explode
Cons:
- Can only pull 16Gs, anybody paying attention can easily dodge by changing directions
- Only usable in long ranges, won't even track in close ranges
- Extremely heavy, it takes a lot of time to reach the speeds that its effective at
- May lose track right after the launch if TWS lock is lost
History
Development
Development of an American long-range air-to-air missile trace back to the 1958, when Hughes was awarded a contract by the United States Air Force for the GAR-9 missile (designated in 1962 as the AIM-47), which was to have a range of 160 kilometers (100 miles) and a 45 kg (100 lb) warhead. Due to the long-distance required, the missile was given an active radar seeker in order to attack their target. The US Navy, seeking a fleet-defense weapon since the late 1950s, took interest in the GAR-9 design as a potential candidate and contracted Hughes in 1962 to develop a new long-range air-to-air missile, designated AAM-N-11, for their fleet interceptor. AAM-N-11 would be later designated in June 1963 as the AIM-54A Phoenix.[1]
Compared to the preceding AIM-47, Hughes' AIM-54 featured an AN/DSQ-26 semi-active radar homing seeker for cruising while receiving updates on target position. The missile switches over to active radar homing for the terminal attack around 18 km from the interception point. The AIM-54 featured a Rocketdyne Mk47 or Aerojet Mk60 rocket motor that helped propelled the missile more than Mach 4. The missile maintain the range specification of 160 km and was to be able to attack both aircraft and cruise missiles. The warhead is a 60 kg (132 lb) MK 82 blast-fragmentation warhead that was trigger by a fuse system consisting of radar proximity, IR proximity, and an impact fuse.[2]
Flight tests of the prototype (XAIM-54A) started in 1965, with the first interception tests taking place on 08 September 1966 at the Navy Pacific Missile Range, fired from a Douglas A-3A Skywarrior.[3] The aircraft platform for the AIM-54 Phoenix was originally the F-111B, an aircraft intended to have commonality with the US Air Force's F-111 Aardvark, but this was cancelled in 1968. The US Navy set to work building a new fleet-defense fighter to their specifications on 03 February 1969, which produced the F-14A Tomcat, which was to carry six AIM-54 missiles linked with its AN/AWG-9 radar, allowing the aircraft to fire all six AIM-54 missiles simultaneously at separate targets.[1]
Hughes received a production contract for the AIM-54 missile in December 1970 as more tests with the missiles continue to show its capabilities. During November 1973, the missile passes its technical evaluation and is slated to be ready for deployment with the F-14A. The F-14A's capability with the AIM-54 was shown during an exercise on 21 November 1973, with the missile officially adopted into the US Navy service the same year and ready to be operationally deployed with the F-14A in November 1974. At the time, the missile costed $477,131 USD, which is roughly $3 million USD in 2022 adjusted for inflation.[3]
Other variants of the AIM-54A developed, primarily for training purposes, were the ATM-54A with an inert warhead for firing exercises, the CATM-54A as a non-launching missile for target acquisition practice, the DATM-54A for ground-handling training, and the AEM-54A that contained telemetry electronics for test and evaluation purposes.[2]
The AIM-54A would continue production until 18 November 1980 with a total of 2505 units as it was replaced by the improved AIM-54C Phoenix missile.[3]
Iranian service
The AIM-54A Phoenix would never be used in combat in F-14As piloted by American crew. Instead, most of the AIM-54A aerial victories were scored by the nation Iran.
Iran, under the Shah, made a signed contract in January 1974 for 30 F-14A Tomcats and includes 424 AIM-54As, with another 50 F-14As and 290 AIM-54A missiles in June the same year. However, only 274 Phoenixes and 10 training missiles would be delivered prior to the Iranian Revolution.[4]
The new Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force (IRIAF) would use the procured F-14A and AIM-54A Phoenix missiles in the Iran-Iraq War that launched in 1980. The first air victory credited to the AIM-54A Phoenix occurred on 13 September 1980 when a patrolling Iranian F-14A of 81st Tactical Fighter Squadron (TFS) from Tactical Fighter Base 8 (TFB 8) shot down a MIG-23MS.[5] On 07 January 1981, two Iranian F-14A from TFB 8 spotted four MiG-23BN flying in a tight formation and launched a AIM-54A from a distance of 50 km. The missile detonated on the lead MiG, but the explosion, debris, and tight formation the MiGs were flying in led to two other MiG-23s crashing. This is currently the only known case of a single anti-aircraft missile downing three aircraft.[6]
The IRIAF continued to use the AIM-54A Phoenixes throughout the Iran-Iraq War, even as the stocks of Phoenix missiles began to ran dry due to usage and inability to maintain AIM-54s due to the exigency of war and the lack of spare parts such as thermal batteries. The Iranians received spare parts and service-life extension kits known as Phase 1M54ALE for the AIM-54 Phoenixes as part of the Iran-Contra affair, but the stocks of AIM-54 fell below 50 working missiles by November 1987.[7] By the time a ceasefire is held 07 July 1988 to begin ending the Iran-Iraq War, the IRIAF was credited with 62 victories with the use of AIM-54 Phoenixes.[8]
With the US retirement of the AIM-54 on 30 September 2004, the IRIAF remains the only user of the AIM-54 Phoenix missiles.[2] In an attempt to supplement their dwindling quantity of AIM-54, Iran developed a domestic production version of the missile, the Fakour-90, which was unveiled in 2013. The Fakour-90 is suspected to be derived from reverse-engineering the US MIM-23 Hawk surface-to-air missile.[9]
Media
- Images
See also
Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:
- reference to the article about the variant of the weapon;
- references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.
External links
References
- Citations
- Bibliography
- Cencioti, David. 2013. "Iranian F-14 Tomcat’s “new” indigenous air-to-air missile is actually an (improved?) AIM-54 Phoenix replica." Last modified September 26, 2013. Website (Archive).
- Cooper, Tom and Farzad Bishop. 2004. Iranian F-14 Tomcat Units In Combat. Great Britain: Osprey Publishing. Kindle.
- Goebel, Greg. 2021. "[1.0] Falcon & Sidewinder." Air Vectors. Last modified July 01, 2021. Website (Archive).
- Naval Air Systems Command. 2017. "AIM-54 Phoenix Missile." United States Navy. Last modified March 10, 2017. Website (Archive).
- Parsch, Andreas. 2004. "AIM-54." Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles. Last modified October 08, 2004. Website (Archive)
- Stillion, John. 2015. Trends in Air-to-Air Combat: Implications for Future Air Superiority. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. CSBA Online.
