Difference between revisions of "F-86F-2"

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{{About
 +
|about= American jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
 +
|usage= other variants
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|link= F-86 (Family)
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}}
 
{{Specs-Card
 
{{Specs-Card
 
|code=f-86f-2
 
|code=f-86f-2
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|cockpit=380317/1306428
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|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
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}}
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|cockpit=cockpit_f-86f-2.jpg
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{{About
 
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|about=aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
 
−
|usage=other uses
 
−
|link=F-86 (Family)
 
 
}}
 
}}
  
 
== Description ==
 
== Description ==
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<!--''In the description, the first part needs to be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert screenshot of the vehicle. If the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle it is talking about.''-->
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<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' -->
 +
One of the many complaints from pilots flying the machine gun-armed F-86 Sabre was the lack of the hard-hitting punch delivered by cannons. MiG-15s would routinely be hit by machine gun rounds only to shrug it off. Ten F-86s were selected to utilize the T-160 20 mm cannon. They had an impressive fire rate of 1,500 rounds per minute which was both a blessing and a curse. The T-160s had an abysmal amount of trigger time but the high fire rate could also easily take down planes with a tiny burst if aimed properly. Later named Project Gunval, tests continued and no problems were discovered until combat. Eight Gunvals were transferred to Korea and Gunval pilots soon discovered a giant issue. The gas from firing the cannons would be ingested through the air intake and cause engine flameouts. The Gunval Sabres were grounded shortly after until the problem was remedied. The cannon-armed Sabre idea would live on in the F-86H in the form of M39 cannons.
  
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[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
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Introduced in [[Update 1.35]], the '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a sleek jet fighter with very potent armament. The four T-160 cannons mounted in the nose are extremely effective against enemy aircraft. Even a short burst will be enough to quickly take down a fighter but comes with a caveat; the high fire rate also means the cannons eat through ammunition extremely quickly. The F-86F-2 has only 115 rounds per gun which is not much since the T-160 cannon has a fire rate of 1,500 rounds per minute.  
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{{break}}
 
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The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} American jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.35]].
 
  
 
== General info ==
 
== General info ==
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=== Flight Performance ===
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=== Flight performance ===
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<!-- Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle. -->
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{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}
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<!-- ''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.'' -->
  
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
 
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
 
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
 
! colspan="2" | Max Speed<br>(km/h at 0 m - sea level)
 
! colspan="2" | Max Speed<br>(km/h at 0 m - sea level)
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|}
 
|}
  
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====Details====
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==== Details ====
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
 
|-
 
|-
 
! colspan="6" | Features
 
! colspan="6" | Features
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|}
 
|}
  
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
 
|-
 
|-
 
! colspan="7" | Limits
 
! colspan="7" | Limits
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! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
 
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
 
|-
 
|-
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| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 620 || 620 || 350 || ~12 || ~7
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| 1,170 <!-- {{Specs|destruction|body}} --> || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 590 || 550 || 350 || ~11 || ~6
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
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! colspan="2" | Empty mass || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
 
! colspan="2" | Empty mass || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| colspan="2" | General Electric J47-GE-27 || 1
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| colspan="2" | General Electric J47-GE-27 || 1
 
| colspan="2" | 5,570 kg || colspan="2" | 243 kg/m<sup>2</sup>
 
| colspan="2" | 5,570 kg || colspan="2" | 243 kg/m<sup>2</sup>
 
|-
 
|-
 
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
 
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
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! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff<br/>Weight
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! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff<br />Weight
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
 
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
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| 0.44 || 0.40 || 0.38 || 0.28
 
| 0.44 || 0.40 || 0.38 || 0.28
 
|-
 
|-
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| ''Optimal'' || 2,626 kgf<br/>(0 km/h) || N/A
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| ''Optimal'' || 2,704 kgf<br />(1,106 km/h) || N/A
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| 0.44 || 0.40 || 0.38 || 0.28
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| 0.46 || 0.41 || 0.39 || 0.28
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
=== Survivability and armour ===
 
=== Survivability and armour ===
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<!-- Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems. -->
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{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}
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<!-- ''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.'' -->
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* 6.35 mm steel - in front of cockpit
 
* 6.35 mm steel - in front of cockpit
 
* 12.7 mm steel - behind pilot
 
* 12.7 mm steel - behind pilot
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* 38 mm steel - armoured windscreen
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* 38 mm bulletproof glass - armoured windscreen
 
* 20 mm steel pilot's headrest
 
* 20 mm steel pilot's headrest
 +
 +
=== Modifications and economy ===
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{{Specs-Economy}}
  
 
== Armaments ==
 
== Armaments ==
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{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
 
=== Offensive armament ===
 
=== Offensive armament ===
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<!--''Describe the offensive armament of the aircraft, if any. Describe how effective the cannons and machine guns are in a battle, and also what belts or drums are better to use. If there is no offensive weaponry, delete this subsection.''-->
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{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}
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<!-- ''Describe the offensive armament of the aircraft, if any. Describe how effective the cannons and machine guns are in a battle, and also what belts or drums are better to use. If there is no offensive weaponry, delete this subsection.'' -->
 
{{main|FMC T-160 (20 mm)}}
 
{{main|FMC T-160 (20 mm)}}
  
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=== Suspended armament ===
 
=== Suspended armament ===
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<!--''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''-->
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{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}
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{{main|AN-M65A1 Fin M129 (1,000 lb)|HVAR}}
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<!-- ''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.'' -->
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{{main|M117 cone 45 (750 lb)|AN-M65A1 Fin M129 (1,000 lb)|HVAR}}
  
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The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordinance:
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The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:
  
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* Without payload
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* Without load
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* 16 x 127 mm HVAR rockets
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* 16 x HVAR rockets
 +
* 2 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (1,500 lb total)
 
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 Fin M129 bombs (2,000 lb total)
 
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 Fin M129 bombs (2,000 lb total)
  
 
== Usage in battles ==
 
== Usage in battles ==
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<!-- Describe the tactics of playing in an aircraft, the features of using vehicles in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB). -->
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<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' -->
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In RB, speed is life on this plane. First thing that should be done after takeoff is gaining at least 800-900 kph IAS in level flight and zoom climbing to around 2 km(or we can fight even at the deck, all depends on situation). Maintaining speed at 800 kph is very important. BnZ is main tactic, don't engage in vertical with MiG-15bis. Sabre easily outdive MiG-15bis(Sabre have higher top speed, which means MiG-15bis won't be able to catch Sabre in level flight/dive). Avoid flying slow and turnfighting.
+
==== 20 mm T-160 Revolver Cannons ====
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The plane's biggest strength and its specialty are the four 20 mm T-160 revolver cannons it carries. If you weren't a fan of Sabres due to its Browning machine guns, know that these guns completely change the feel of the plane. That is because these guns are arguably the best aircraft cannon found at 9.0, boasting extremely high velocity, great damage and great fire rate. On top of that, the Sabre's airframe makes aiming and leading these excellent guns very easy. None of the F-2 Sabre's contemporaries can boast such a powerful and easy to utilize gun platform. What this means is that the F-2 Sabre is an excellent plane for punishing other players' mistakes, no matter how small, as just one very quick burst from these guns will devastate most aircraft.
 +
 
 +
However, there are two downsides about these cannons. The first is that each 20 mm cannon only has 115 rounds of ammo, and with its very fast rate of fire, this ammo capacity will be gone very quickly. The second is that they overheat very quickly; even with the "New 20 mm Cannons" modification, just two to three seconds of sustained firing will cause them to jam. These downsides mean that these cannons demand heavy trigger patience. If you're struggling with ammo conservation, focus on lining up your shots and firing a short burst of 10-15 rounds accurately at a target rather than hosing half your ammo load for a small chance of a critical hit. Something to note is that, to conserve ammo, one may choose to only fire two of the cannons at once (as one set of cannons are considered "machine guns" and the others cannons, they can be selected separately by using weapons selection mode). While the firepower is halved, it is still generally enough to cripple most aircraft with a short burst, so if you find yourself low on ammo and needing more firing time, only firing two cannons at once may be the trick.
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Compared to the M3 Browning machine guns that it replaces, the 20 mm T-160 cannons similarly have high velocity and accuracy, and somewhat similar fire rates (the T-160's is 25% faster than the M3's). On the other hand, the rest of their characteristics are complete opposites; the T-160 completely gives up the large ammunition capacity and long overheating time of the M3 Browning for greatly increased explosive firepower.
 +
 
 +
Overall, these guns are excellent, and as long as you have good trigger discipline, they will be very kind to you.
 +
 
 +
===== Air Realistic Battles =====
 +
In Air RB, speed is life, and doubly so for sabres. First thing that should be done after takeoff is gaining at least 1,000 km/h IAS in level flight and assessing the match. If in a downtier, staying on the deck is advisable as you will be one of the fastest planes in the battle. Focus on anyone who can match or exceed your speed and then move on to everyone else once there are no other threats. In an uptier, gain 1-2 km of altitude and play an assassin type role. Make it your mission to kill out of position players while using the threat of your cannon's knock-out potential to dissuade enemies from attacking you and nearby teammates. Maintaining a decent amount of speed is very important because of the Sabre's comparatively poor handling at lower speed compared to MiGs, G.91s, and the like. While you can certainly effectively dogfight in the Sabre, in furballs you can easily get ganged up on and destroyed, so attempt to avoid doing so unless necessary.
 +
 
 +
F-2 pilots should always be on the offensive whenever possible to take advantage of the plane's huge impact on the battlefield. By continually maintaining a high energy state, eliminating out of position targets, the F-2 can dominate entire lobbies even in full uptiers.
 +
 
 +
=== Radars ===
 +
<!--{{main|AN/APG-30}}-->
 +
The F-86F-2 is equipped with an AN/APG-30 rangefinding radar, located in the nose of the aircraft. It will automatically detect other planes within the scanning area and display the range to the closest target. It is linked with a gyro gunsight and can help with aiming at close range.
  
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===Modules===
+
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
−
{| class="wikitable"
+
! colspan="4" | AN/APG-30 - Rangefinding radar
−
! colspan="1" | Tier
 
−
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
 
−
! colspan="1" | Survivability
 
−
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
 
−
|-
 
−
| I
 
−
| Fuselage Repair
 
−
| Radiator
 
−
|
 
−
|Offensive 20 mm
 
−
|
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| II
+
! {{Annotation|Maximum<br/>Tracking<br/>Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
−
|  
+
! {{Annotation|Minimum<br/>Tracking<br/>Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
−
| Compressor
+
! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking<br/>Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
−
| Airframe
+
! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking<br/>Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
−
|  
 
−
|FRC mk.2
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| III
+
| 2,750 m || 300 m || ±9° || ±9°
−
| Wings Repair
 
−
| Engine
 
−
|  
 
−
|New 20 mm cannons
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
| IV
 
−
|
 
−
| Engine Injection
 
−
| Cover
 
−
|
 
−
|FLBC mk.1
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
=== Pros and Cons ===
+
=== Pros and cons ===
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<!--''Summarize and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''-->
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<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' -->
 +
 
 
'''Pros:'''
 
'''Pros:'''
  
−
* Very fast roll rate  
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* Excellent roll rate
−
* Very accurate high-velocity cannons with little recoil
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* Excellent and accurate high-velocity cannons with great damage
−
* Excels overall at high-speed manoeuvres, good for snapshots
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* Excels at high-speed manoeuvres, great for snapshots
−
* Good rate of turn in the horizontal
+
* Good horizontal turn rate
−
* Good zooming ability
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* Good Boom and Zoom ability
−
* Energy retention superior to MiG-15
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* Phenomenal high speed energy retention
−
* Superior acceleration from high speeds to top speed than MiG-15
 
−
* Heavy bombs available if desired
 
  
 
'''Cons:'''
 
'''Cons:'''
  
−
* Extremely high rate of fire demand strict trigger discipline
+
* Average top speed
−
* Stock guns quickly jam when the trigger is held down
+
* Below average acceleration
−
* Poor acceleration from low speeds compared to MiG-15
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* Guns are inaccurate when stock
−
* Poor rate of climb
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* Guns jam very quickly under sustained fire and have a low ammunition capacity of only 115 rpg; heavy trigger discipline is essential
−
* Wings easier to rip when boosters equipped
 
−
* air-brake less effective than some opponents
 
  
 
== History ==
 
== History ==
−
<!-- Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History) and add a link to it here using the main template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <ref>, as well as adding them at the end of the article. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under === Encyclopedia Info ===, also if applicable). -->
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<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' -->
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The F-86F-2 was the designation given to 10 aircraft (4 F-86E and 6 F-86F) modified to carry the M39 Revolver cannon in October 1952. They were fitted with larger and strengthened gun bays to make them able to receive the new cannons. They were tested at Edwards AFB and the Air Proving Ground at Eglin AFB. Eight of these aircraft were then shipped to Japan (two were lost during testing due to the compressors ingesting excessive propellant gases from the cannons). Seven of these aircraft were then deployed to Kimpo Airfield as "Project GunVal" for a 16-week combat field trial in early 1953.
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=== The "Gun Val" Project ===
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As is well-known, most F-86 Sabre fighters of the USAF that joined the Korean War had six AN/M3 12.7 mm machine guns as their basic weapon configuration against enemy aircraft. Although the experience of the European battlefield during World War II showed that an average of 300 12.7 mm bullets could shoot down an enemy aircraft, the US pilots found that sometimes their 12.7 mm machine guns couldn't easily shoot down enemy MiG fighters even when they scored many hits on them. Though there were also many F-86 fighters that successfully returned to the airfield when they were hit by the 23 mm or 37 mm cannon of the MiG-15 fighter, there was no doubt that the USAF needed a new airborne weapon to replace the aged 12.7 mm machine gun.
  
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The F-86F-2 is the official designation for F-86E and F aircraft that were retrofitted with strengthened and enlarged gun bays to carry the new T-160 cannon developed from the captured Mauser MG 213, a German autocannon which never saw service. The aircraft were flight tested at Edwards and Eglin Air Force Bases. The aircraft were then relocated to Kimpo Airfield for tests in actual combat. Two aircraft were lost after the engine ingested excessive amounts of exhaust gases from the cannons.
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Although the USAF had successfully introduced the M24A1 20 mm cannon, the Air Force's version of the Navy's AN/M3 20 mm cannon, on the Convair B-36 Peacemaker strategic bomber, they don't want to simply introduce the old 20 mm cannon to the F-86F Sabre fighter because its rate of fire (700-800 rounds per minute) was found unsuitable for modern air combat. Therefore, a research project named "Gun Val" was established on April 3rd 1951 to find out the most suitable cannon which could be incorporated into current Sabre fighter and the incoming Century Series aircraft. (Other aircraft such as F-94B, F-84F, and F-89C also participated in the Gun Val program).
  
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The F-86 is considered one of the best fighter jets of the Korean War. It is the most-produced Western fighter, with almost 10,000 aircraft produced by the US, Australia, Canada (as the re-engined CL-13), Italy, and Japan.
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North American Aviation Company delivered four F-86E-10 and six F-86F-1 Sabre fighters to Air Material Command to test the newly developed T-160 20×102 mm cannon. The T-160 cannon was a single-barreled revolver cannon which was an imitation of the captured German MG213C 20 mm revolver cannon, the latter had been transported to the USA in 1946. Thanks to the cooperation of Springfield Arsenal and the Illinois Institute of Technology, the initial development work of the T-160 cannon was finished in the early 1950s, and it was put into the production line in June 1951. It was a gas-operated, belt-fed, electrically fired weapon, the cannon was capable of firing electrically primed ammunition at a rate of 1,500 rounds per minute and developed a muzzle velocity of 3,250 feet per second. There were five types of 20×102 mm cartridges available for the T-160 cannon, including M55A1 and M55A2 ball, M53 Armour-piercing Incendiary and M56 High-Explosive Incendiary ammunition.
  
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The F-86 was developed by North American Aviation, the creator of the venerable P-51 Mustang. The XP-86 prototype was created to meet the USAF requirement for a high-altitude escort fighter. It was derived from the Navy's FJ-1 Fury, a transitional fighter jet that borrowed the wings, tail surfaces and canopy from the P-51D. The XP-86 was under threat of cancellation because the XP-80 and XP-84 had similar performance characteristics and were farther ahead in development. However, North American designers made a radical change to the design and replaced the straight wing with a swept wing, which was shown by seized German research to greatly reduce drag and increase performance at high speed. The resulting performance boost was so significant that the swept-wing prototype of the XP-86 was supposedly able break the sound barrier in a dive a few days before Chuck Yeager made his official attempt.
+
[[File:F-86F-3 with Oerlikon cannon.jpg|left|thumb|353x353px|F-86F-3 armed with Oerlikon cannons.]]
 +
Another cannon joining the competition with the T-160 cannon was the Oerlikon 206 RK 20 mm cannon which was also a revolver gun, capable of firing electrically primed ammunition at the rate of 1,650 rounds per minute and a muzzle velocity of 3,500 feet per second which were both higher than T-160 cannon.
  
−
The F-86F-2 is the designation for four F-86E and six F-86F aircraft that were retrofitted to carry four 20mm T-160 (later designated M39) revolver cannons. The cannon was derived from the Mauser MG 213, a prototype aircraft cannon developed by the Germans at the end of World War II, which also served as a basis for the British ADEN and French DEFA cannons. The aircraft were deployed to Kimpo Airfield for trials in combat in 1953. Despite losing two aircraft after compressor stalls from ingesting too many exhaust gases from the new cannons, the M-39 cannon became the standard armament for the F-86H, a fighter-bomber variant with a more powerful engine.
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The 10 Sabre fighters fitted with four T-160 cannons were called F-86F-2 while two Sabre fighters with four Oerlikon 206 RK cannons were called F-86F-3. As for the F-86F-3, the USAF didn't receive any of them until April 1954, and the final test report, finished in February 1955, outlined that the Oerlikon 206 RK cannon had lots of problems that needed to be solved before it entered into service, such as poor round dispersion of the gun and installation problems. Though the company claimed that these problems could be solved in the future, at that time the M39 revolver cannon had been put into mass production many years ago, so not surprisingly that the Oerlikon program was canceled in the end.
 +
 
 +
As a comparison, those ten F-86F-2 fighters equipped with T-160 cannon were much luckier. Apart from the cannon, all F-86F-2 fighters were fitted with new 6-3 wing, and both the original A-4 gun/rocket/bomb calculating sight and the AN/APG-30 ranging radar remained. After the initial test was done, Lieutenant Colonel Peterson who was the project officer of Gun Val program at that time decided to take eight F-86F-2 fighters to Korea aboard the USS Windham Bay for combat trials in December 1952.
 +
 
 +
All the F-86F-2 fighters were assigned to the 335th FIS of 4th Fighter Wing at Kimpo, and only six aircraft were ever actually in Korea at any one time. When they arrived at Kimpo, these F-86F-2 fighters were re-painted as other original F-86F Sabre fighter such as the black and yellow FEAF ID bands and yellow and black tail stripe. Ground crews also painted the third gun port on the nose under the two 20 mm muzzle to make them looks indistinguishable with the original machine gun-armed F-86F Sabre fighter. Apart from that, the commander of F-86F-2 team was changed to Colonel Garrison, but Peterson was still stayed there as a contractor technician with other three contractor technicians and five assigned pilots.
 +
 
 +
The combat trial began in January 1953, though it was discovered that the cannon gas from the 20 mm cannon may cause a compressor stall which was very dangerous for both plane and its pilot, including one accident when Major Moorehead fired his 20 mm cannon in a long burst during one mission and caused the engine stop working, though he was able to restart the engine, the problem appeared again later. But even with the Sabre pilots only using two cannons at a time to avoid the problem, they still fired almost 10,900 rounds in combat, engaged MiG fighters in 41 missions and successfully shot down six of them (3 MiG fighters were probably destroyed and 13 MiG fighters damaged) with two F-86F-2 were damaged (one's intake was hit by the 37 mm shell and another one's wing was hit by the 23 mm shell), but unfortunately Captain Moore's plane suffered a flame-out accident followed by turbine failure on 30th April 1953, so he had to bail out in the end.
 +
[[File:See-through of F-86H and its M39 cannons.jpg|thumb|342x342px|F-86H with M39 cannons, the successor of T-160 and the Gun Val project.]]
 +
To solve these problems, Peterson not only sent the report to the test center, but also found a way to simply solve the problem: a simple horseshoe clip installed in the blast tube of the cannon broke up the cannon gas before it could enter the intake. The Gun Val combat trial program was finished on May 1953, and in order to completely solve the cannon gas problem, the engineers of North American Aviation company invented a C-shaped plate which could effectively dissipated the cannon gas, this solution was finally adopted for operational use on the late version of F-86H fighter with four M39 cannons.
 +
 
 +
Inspire by the success of the Gun Val program, USAF finally decided to accept the T-160 cannon as its next-generation air-combat weapon and renamed it as M39 20 mm cannon. The first operational fighter equip with M39 cannon was North American Aviation F-86H-5 Sabre fighter in mid 1950s, then it became the standard internal weapon on both North American Aviation F-100 Super Sabre fighter, McDonnell F-101A Voodoo long-range escort fighter and Northrop F-5 fighter.
  
 
== Media ==
 
== Media ==
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''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''
+
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' -->
 +
 
 +
;Skins
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* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=f-86f-2 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]
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;Videos
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{{Youtube-gallery|L5yWvv3X-kk|'''9.0 Is Finally Revived! - F-86F-2 Sabre Gameplay''' - ''DEFYN''}}
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
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* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
 
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
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* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' -->
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;Related development
 
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* Canadair [[F-86 (Family)|Sabre]] (those Sabres manufactured with the designator "CL")
 
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* North American [[F-86 (Family)|F-86A/F]]
 
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* North American [[F-86K (France)|F-86D]] Sabre
 
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* North American [[F-100D|F-100]] Super Sabre
 
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* North American [[FJ-4B|FJ-4]] Fury
 
  
 
;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
 
;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
  
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* Dassault [[Super Mystere B2|Super Mystère]]
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* Grumman [[F9F-8|F9F]] Cougar
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* Grumman [[F9F-8|F-9]] Cougar
 
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* Hawker [[Hunter F.1|Hunter]]
 
 
* Lavochkin [[La-15]]
 
* Lavochkin [[La-15]]
 
* Mikoyan-Gurevich [[MiG-15]]
 
* Mikoyan-Gurevich [[MiG-15]]
 
* Mikoyan-Gurevich [[MiG-17]]
 
* Mikoyan-Gurevich [[MiG-17]]
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* Hawker [[Hunter F.1|Hunter]]
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* Dassault [[Super Mystere B2|Super Mystère]]
 
* Saab [[J29D|J29]] Tunnan
 
* Saab [[J29D|J29]] Tunnan
  
 
== External links ==
 
== External links ==
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* ''topic on the official game forum;''
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* ''topic on the official game forum;''
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* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/272058-north-american-f-86f-2/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
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* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
 
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{{AirManufacturer NAA}}
 
{{AirManufacturer NAA}}
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{{USA jet aircrafts}}
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{{USA jet aircraft}}

Latest revision as of 10:15, 1 October 2023

RANK 5 FRANCE
Somua SM PACK
This page is about the American jet fighter F-86F-2. For other variants, see F-86 (Family).
F-86F-2
f-86f-2.png
GarageImage F-86F-2.jpg
ArtImage F-86F-2.png
360://https://wiki.warthunder.com/images/6/6f/Cockpit_f-86f-2.jpg
F-86F-2
USA flag.png USA
VI Rank
Battle rating:
AB RB SB
9.0 8.7 9.0
Class:
Research:135 000 Specs-Card-Exp.png
Purchase:380 000 Specs-Card-Lion.png
Show in game

Description

One of the many complaints from pilots flying the machine gun-armed F-86 Sabre was the lack of the hard-hitting punch delivered by cannons. MiG-15s would routinely be hit by machine gun rounds only to shrug it off. Ten F-86s were selected to utilize the T-160 20 mm cannon. They had an impressive fire rate of 1,500 rounds per minute which was both a blessing and a curse. The T-160s had an abysmal amount of trigger time but the high fire rate could also easily take down planes with a tiny burst if aimed properly. Later named Project Gunval, tests continued and no problems were discovered until combat. Eight Gunvals were transferred to Korea and Gunval pilots soon discovered a giant issue. The gas from firing the cannons would be ingested through the air intake and cause engine flameouts. The Gunval Sabres were grounded shortly after until the problem was remedied. The cannon-armed Sabre idea would live on in the F-86H in the form of M39 cannons.

Introduced in Update 1.35, the F-86F-2 Sabre is a sleek jet fighter with very potent armament. The four T-160 cannons mounted in the nose are extremely effective against enemy aircraft. Even a short burst will be enough to quickly take down a fighter but comes with a caveat; the high fire rate also means the cannons eat through ammunition extremely quickly. The F-86F-2 has only 115 rounds per gun which is not much since the T-160 cannon has a fire rate of 1,500 rounds per minute.

General info

Flight performance

Air brakes
Allows you to dramatically reduce the flight speed by releasing special flaps
Max speed
at 0 m1 106 km/h
Turn time24 s
Max altitude14 700 m
EngineGeneral Electric J47-GE-27
TypeJet
Cooling systemAir
Take-off weight10 t
Characteristics Max Speed
(km/h at 0 m - sea level) 		Max altitude
(metres) 		Turn time
(seconds) 		Rate of climb
(metres/second) 		Take-off run
(metres)
AB RB AB RB AB RB
Stock 1,095 1,089 14700 24.7 25.9 38.8 35.9 750
Upgraded 1,115 1,106 23.6 24.0 56.5 46.7

Details

Features
Combat flaps Take-off flaps Landing flaps Air brakes Arrestor gear Drogue chute
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ X X
Limits
Wings (km/h) Gear (km/h) Flaps (km/h) Max Static G
Combat Take-off Landing + -
1,170 350 590 550 350 ~11 ~6
Optimal velocities (km/h)
Ailerons Rudder Elevators Radiator
< 850 < 600 < 650 N/A

Engine performance

Engine Aircraft mass
Engine name Number Empty mass Wing loading (full fuel)
General Electric J47-GE-27 1 5,570 kg 243 kg/m2
Engine characteristics Mass with fuel (no weapons load) Max Takeoff
Weight
Weight (each) Type 7m fuel 20m fuel 26m fuel
1,150 kg Axial-flow turbojet 5,927 kg 6,569 kg 6,866 kg 9,530 kg
Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB) Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
Condition 100% WEP 7m fuel 20m fuel 26m fuel MTOW
Stationary 2,626 kgf N/A 0.44 0.40 0.38 0.28
Optimal 2,704 kgf
(1,106 km/h) 		N/A 0.46 0.41 0.39 0.28

Survivability and armour

Crew1 person
Speed of destruction
Structural0 km/h
Gear350 km/h
  • 6.35 mm steel - in front of cockpit
  • 12.7 mm steel - behind pilot
  • 38 mm bulletproof glass - armoured windscreen
  • 20 mm steel pilot's headrest

Modifications and economy

Repair costBasic → Reference
AB3 250 → 4 358 Sl icon.png
RB9 442 → 12 661 Sl icon.png
SB10 098 → 13 541 Sl icon.png
Total cost of modifications120 600 Rp icon.png
192 000 Sl icon.png
Talisman cost2 300 Ge icon.png
Crew training110 000 Sl icon.png
Experts380 000 Sl icon.png
Aces2 000 Ge icon.png
Research Aces830 000 Rp icon.png
Reward for battleAB / RB / SB
120 / 380 / 600 % Sl icon.png
208 / 208 / 208 % Rp icon.png
Modifications
Flight performance Survivability Weaponry
Mods aerodinamic fuse.png
Fuselage repair
Research:
8 100 Rp icon.png
Cost:
13 000 Sl icon.png
320 Ge icon.png
Mods jet compressor.png
Compressor
Research:
8 100 Rp icon.png
Cost:
13 000 Sl icon.png
320 Ge icon.png
Mods booster.png
New boosters
Research:
9 100 Rp icon.png
Cost:
14 000 Sl icon.png
360 Ge icon.png
Mods aerodinamic wing.png
Wings repair
Research:
7 500 Rp icon.png
Cost:
12 000 Sl icon.png
300 Ge icon.png
Mods jet engine.png
Engine
Research:
7 500 Rp icon.png
Cost:
12 000 Sl icon.png
300 Ge icon.png
Mods g suit.png
G-suit
Research:
13 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
21 000 Sl icon.png
510 Ge icon.png
Mods armor frame.png
Airframe
Research:
9 100 Rp icon.png
Cost:
14 000 Sl icon.png
360 Ge icon.png
Mods armor cover.png
Cover
Research:
13 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
21 000 Sl icon.png
510 Ge icon.png
Mods ammo.png
t_160_belt_pack
Research:
8 100 Rp icon.png
Cost:
13 000 Sl icon.png
320 Ge icon.png
Mod arrow 1.png
Mods pilon rocket.png
FRC mk.2
Research:
9 100 Rp icon.png
Cost:
14 000 Sl icon.png
360 Ge icon.png
Mod arrow 0.png
Mods weapon.png
t_160_new_gun
Research:
7 500 Rp icon.png
Cost:
12 000 Sl icon.png
300 Ge icon.png
Mods pilon bomb.png
M117
Research:
7 500 Rp icon.png
Cost:
12 000 Sl icon.png
300 Ge icon.png
Mod arrow 0.png
Mods pilon bomb.png
FLBC mk.1
Research:
13 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
21 000 Sl icon.png
510 Ge icon.png

Armaments

Offensive armament

Weapon 14 x 20 mm FMC T-160 cannon
Ammunition460 rounds
Fire rate1 500 shots/min
Main article: FMC T-160 (20 mm)

The F-86F-2 is armed with:

  • 4 x 20 mm FMC T-160 cannons, nose-mounted (115 rpg = 460 total)

Suspended armament

List of setups (3)
Setup 18 x HVAR rockets
8 x HVAR rockets
Setup 22 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bomb
Setup 32 x 1000 lb AN-M65A1 Fin M129 bomb
Main articles: M117 cone 45 (750 lb), AN-M65A1 Fin M129 (1,000 lb), HVAR

The F-86F-2 can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

  • Without load
  • 16 x HVAR rockets
  • 2 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (1,500 lb total)
  • 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 Fin M129 bombs (2,000 lb total)

Usage in battles

20 mm T-160 Revolver Cannons

The plane's biggest strength and its specialty are the four 20 mm T-160 revolver cannons it carries. If you weren't a fan of Sabres due to its Browning machine guns, know that these guns completely change the feel of the plane. That is because these guns are arguably the best aircraft cannon found at 9.0, boasting extremely high velocity, great damage and great fire rate. On top of that, the Sabre's airframe makes aiming and leading these excellent guns very easy. None of the F-2 Sabre's contemporaries can boast such a powerful and easy to utilize gun platform. What this means is that the F-2 Sabre is an excellent plane for punishing other players' mistakes, no matter how small, as just one very quick burst from these guns will devastate most aircraft.

However, there are two downsides about these cannons. The first is that each 20 mm cannon only has 115 rounds of ammo, and with its very fast rate of fire, this ammo capacity will be gone very quickly. The second is that they overheat very quickly; even with the "New 20 mm Cannons" modification, just two to three seconds of sustained firing will cause them to jam. These downsides mean that these cannons demand heavy trigger patience. If you're struggling with ammo conservation, focus on lining up your shots and firing a short burst of 10-15 rounds accurately at a target rather than hosing half your ammo load for a small chance of a critical hit. Something to note is that, to conserve ammo, one may choose to only fire two of the cannons at once (as one set of cannons are considered "machine guns" and the others cannons, they can be selected separately by using weapons selection mode). While the firepower is halved, it is still generally enough to cripple most aircraft with a short burst, so if you find yourself low on ammo and needing more firing time, only firing two cannons at once may be the trick.

Compared to the M3 Browning machine guns that it replaces, the 20 mm T-160 cannons similarly have high velocity and accuracy, and somewhat similar fire rates (the T-160's is 25% faster than the M3's). On the other hand, the rest of their characteristics are complete opposites; the T-160 completely gives up the large ammunition capacity and long overheating time of the M3 Browning for greatly increased explosive firepower.

Overall, these guns are excellent, and as long as you have good trigger discipline, they will be very kind to you.

Air Realistic Battles

In Air RB, speed is life, and doubly so for sabres. First thing that should be done after takeoff is gaining at least 1,000 km/h IAS in level flight and assessing the match. If in a downtier, staying on the deck is advisable as you will be one of the fastest planes in the battle. Focus on anyone who can match or exceed your speed and then move on to everyone else once there are no other threats. In an uptier, gain 1-2 km of altitude and play an assassin type role. Make it your mission to kill out of position players while using the threat of your cannon's knock-out potential to dissuade enemies from attacking you and nearby teammates. Maintaining a decent amount of speed is very important because of the Sabre's comparatively poor handling at lower speed compared to MiGs, G.91s, and the like. While you can certainly effectively dogfight in the Sabre, in furballs you can easily get ganged up on and destroyed, so attempt to avoid doing so unless necessary.

F-2 pilots should always be on the offensive whenever possible to take advantage of the plane's huge impact on the battlefield. By continually maintaining a high energy state, eliminating out of position targets, the F-2 can dominate entire lobbies even in full uptiers.

Radars

The F-86F-2 is equipped with an AN/APG-30 rangefinding radar, located in the nose of the aircraft. It will automatically detect other planes within the scanning area and display the range to the closest target. It is linked with a gyro gunsight and can help with aiming at close range.

AN/APG-30 - Rangefinding radar
Maximum
Tracking
Range 		Minimum
Tracking
Range 		Azimuth Tracking
Angle 		Elevation Tracking
Angle
2,750 m 300 m ±9° ±9°

Pros and cons

Pros:

  • Excellent roll rate
  • Excellent and accurate high-velocity cannons with great damage
  • Excels at high-speed manoeuvres, great for snapshots
  • Good horizontal turn rate
  • Good Boom and Zoom ability
  • Phenomenal high speed energy retention

Cons:

  • Average top speed
  • Below average acceleration
  • Guns are inaccurate when stock
  • Guns jam very quickly under sustained fire and have a low ammunition capacity of only 115 rpg; heavy trigger discipline is essential

History

The "Gun Val" Project

As is well-known, most F-86 Sabre fighters of the USAF that joined the Korean War had six AN/M3 12.7 mm machine guns as their basic weapon configuration against enemy aircraft. Although the experience of the European battlefield during World War II showed that an average of 300 12.7 mm bullets could shoot down an enemy aircraft, the US pilots found that sometimes their 12.7 mm machine guns couldn't easily shoot down enemy MiG fighters even when they scored many hits on them. Though there were also many F-86 fighters that successfully returned to the airfield when they were hit by the 23 mm or 37 mm cannon of the MiG-15 fighter, there was no doubt that the USAF needed a new airborne weapon to replace the aged 12.7 mm machine gun.

Although the USAF had successfully introduced the M24A1 20 mm cannon, the Air Force's version of the Navy's AN/M3 20 mm cannon, on the Convair B-36 Peacemaker strategic bomber, they don't want to simply introduce the old 20 mm cannon to the F-86F Sabre fighter because its rate of fire (700-800 rounds per minute) was found unsuitable for modern air combat. Therefore, a research project named "Gun Val" was established on April 3rd 1951 to find out the most suitable cannon which could be incorporated into current Sabre fighter and the incoming Century Series aircraft. (Other aircraft such as F-94B, F-84F, and F-89C also participated in the Gun Val program).

North American Aviation Company delivered four F-86E-10 and six F-86F-1 Sabre fighters to Air Material Command to test the newly developed T-160 20×102 mm cannon. The T-160 cannon was a single-barreled revolver cannon which was an imitation of the captured German MG213C 20 mm revolver cannon, the latter had been transported to the USA in 1946. Thanks to the cooperation of Springfield Arsenal and the Illinois Institute of Technology, the initial development work of the T-160 cannon was finished in the early 1950s, and it was put into the production line in June 1951. It was a gas-operated, belt-fed, electrically fired weapon, the cannon was capable of firing electrically primed ammunition at a rate of 1,500 rounds per minute and developed a muzzle velocity of 3,250 feet per second. There were five types of 20×102 mm cartridges available for the T-160 cannon, including M55A1 and M55A2 ball, M53 Armour-piercing Incendiary and M56 High-Explosive Incendiary ammunition.

F-86F-3 armed with Oerlikon cannons.

Another cannon joining the competition with the T-160 cannon was the Oerlikon 206 RK 20 mm cannon which was also a revolver gun, capable of firing electrically primed ammunition at the rate of 1,650 rounds per minute and a muzzle velocity of 3,500 feet per second which were both higher than T-160 cannon.

The 10 Sabre fighters fitted with four T-160 cannons were called F-86F-2 while two Sabre fighters with four Oerlikon 206 RK cannons were called F-86F-3. As for the F-86F-3, the USAF didn't receive any of them until April 1954, and the final test report, finished in February 1955, outlined that the Oerlikon 206 RK cannon had lots of problems that needed to be solved before it entered into service, such as poor round dispersion of the gun and installation problems. Though the company claimed that these problems could be solved in the future, at that time the M39 revolver cannon had been put into mass production many years ago, so not surprisingly that the Oerlikon program was canceled in the end.

As a comparison, those ten F-86F-2 fighters equipped with T-160 cannon were much luckier. Apart from the cannon, all F-86F-2 fighters were fitted with new 6-3 wing, and both the original A-4 gun/rocket/bomb calculating sight and the AN/APG-30 ranging radar remained. After the initial test was done, Lieutenant Colonel Peterson who was the project officer of Gun Val program at that time decided to take eight F-86F-2 fighters to Korea aboard the USS Windham Bay for combat trials in December 1952.

All the F-86F-2 fighters were assigned to the 335th FIS of 4th Fighter Wing at Kimpo, and only six aircraft were ever actually in Korea at any one time. When they arrived at Kimpo, these F-86F-2 fighters were re-painted as other original F-86F Sabre fighter such as the black and yellow FEAF ID bands and yellow and black tail stripe. Ground crews also painted the third gun port on the nose under the two 20 mm muzzle to make them looks indistinguishable with the original machine gun-armed F-86F Sabre fighter. Apart from that, the commander of F-86F-2 team was changed to Colonel Garrison, but Peterson was still stayed there as a contractor technician with other three contractor technicians and five assigned pilots.

The combat trial began in January 1953, though it was discovered that the cannon gas from the 20 mm cannon may cause a compressor stall which was very dangerous for both plane and its pilot, including one accident when Major Moorehead fired his 20 mm cannon in a long burst during one mission and caused the engine stop working, though he was able to restart the engine, the problem appeared again later. But even with the Sabre pilots only using two cannons at a time to avoid the problem, they still fired almost 10,900 rounds in combat, engaged MiG fighters in 41 missions and successfully shot down six of them (3 MiG fighters were probably destroyed and 13 MiG fighters damaged) with two F-86F-2 were damaged (one's intake was hit by the 37 mm shell and another one's wing was hit by the 23 mm shell), but unfortunately Captain Moore's plane suffered a flame-out accident followed by turbine failure on 30th April 1953, so he had to bail out in the end.

F-86H with M39 cannons, the successor of T-160 and the Gun Val project.

To solve these problems, Peterson not only sent the report to the test center, but also found a way to simply solve the problem: a simple horseshoe clip installed in the blast tube of the cannon broke up the cannon gas before it could enter the intake. The Gun Val combat trial program was finished on May 1953, and in order to completely solve the cannon gas problem, the engineers of North American Aviation company invented a C-shaped plate which could effectively dissipated the cannon gas, this solution was finally adopted for operational use on the late version of F-86H fighter with four M39 cannons.

Inspire by the success of the Gun Val program, USAF finally decided to accept the T-160 cannon as its next-generation air-combat weapon and renamed it as M39 20 mm cannon. The first operational fighter equip with M39 cannon was North American Aviation F-86H-5 Sabre fighter in mid 1950s, then it became the standard internal weapon on both North American Aviation F-100 Super Sabre fighter, McDonnell F-101A Voodoo long-range escort fighter and Northrop F-5 fighter.

Media

Skins
Videos
9.0 Is Finally Revived! - F-86F-2 Sabre Gameplay - DEFYN

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

External links


North American Aviation
Fighters 
P-51A  P-51 · P-51A
P-51C  P-51C-10
P-51D  P-51D-5 · P-51D-10 · P-51D-20-NA · P-51D-30
P-51H  P-51H-5-NA
Twin-engine fighters  F-82E
Jet fighters  F-86A-5 · F-86F-2 · F-86F-25 · F-86F-35 · F-100D
Strike aircraft  A-36 · PBJ-1H · PBJ-1J
  FJ-4B · FJ-4B VMF-232
Bombers  B-25J-1 · B-25J-20
Export/Licence  ▂B-25J-30 · ␗B-25J-30
  ▄Mustang Mk IA · F-6C-10-NA · ␗P-51C-11-NT · ␗P-51D-20 · J26 David · J26 · P-51D-20-NA · ␗P-51K
  F-86F-30 ▅ · ␗F-86F-30 · F-86F-40 ▅ · F-86F-40 JASDF▅ · ␗F-86F-40
  ◄F-86K · ▄F-86K (Italy) · ▄F-86K (France)
  ␗F-100A · ▄F-100D · ␗F-100F
Captured  ▅P-51C-11-NT
  Canadair Limited license-built the F-86 as the CL-13 for use in Canada and export to Europe.
  Fiat license-built the F-86K for the Italian Air Force though another 120 NAA built F-86Ks were also sold to the Italians.
See Also  Mitsubishi Heavy Industries · Canadair Limited · Fiat Aviation

USA jet aircraft
  Fighters
F9F  F9F-2 · F9F-5 · F9F-8
F-80  F-80A-5 · F-80C-10
F-84  F-84B-26 · F-84F · F-84G-21-RE
F-86  F-86A-5 · F-86F-25 · F-86F-2 · F-86F-35
F-89  F-89B · F-89D
F-100  F-100D
F-104  F-104A · F-104C
F-4  F-4C Phantom II · F-4E Phantom II · F-4J Phantom II · F-4S Phantom II
F-5  F-5A · F-5C · F-5E · F-20A
F-8  F8U-2 · F-8E
F-14  F-14A Early · ▄F-14A IRIAF · F-14B
F-15  F-15A · F-15C MSIP II · F-15E
F-16  F-16A · F-16A ADF · F-16C
Other  P-59A · F2H-2 · F3D-1 · F3H-2 · F4D-1 · F11F-1
  Strike Aircraft
FJ-4  FJ-4B · FJ-4B VMF-232
A-4  A-4B · A-4E Early
A-7  A-7D · A-7E · A-7K
AV-8  AV-8A · AV-8C · AV-8B Plus · AV-8B (NA)
A-10  A-10A · A-10A Late · A-10C
F-111  F-111A · F-111F
Other  A-6E TRAM · F-105D · F-117
  Bombers
B-57  B-57A · B-57B

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