Difference between revisions of "Yak-38M"

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(→‎History: Added information about the aircrafts further development and where the tech from it ended up)
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{{Specs-Card|code=yak-38m}}
+
{{About
 +
| about = Soviet strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
 +
| usage = the premium version
 +
| link = Yak-38
 +
}}
 +
{{Specs-Card
 +
|code=yak-38m
 +
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
 +
}}
  
 
== Description ==
 
== Description ==
 
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' -->
 
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' -->
−
[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
+
The [[Yak-38]] had many problems, especially with the powerplant, which was complex, heavy, and underpowered, and suffered from inexcusable overheating issues, with some reports even stating that the Yak-38 was grounded during the hot summers of the Mediterranean sea due to the engine overheating dangerously during VTOL take-offs. By comparison to its adversaries such as the Harrier family, the initial Yak-38 was abysmally underperforming. These issues quickly led to a urgent request from the Soviet navy to upgrade the Yak-38 in the late '70s and early '80s to address these issues. This directly resulted in the upgraded Yak-38M, which entered service in 1985. The main upgrade in the Yak-38M variant, was the installation of a new set of engines, the Tumansky R-28V-300 and Rybinsk RD-38 engines respectively, to correct the issues with overheating and low power of the previous model, while also upgrading the aircraft's avionics and armament suite to include new all-aspect variants of the [[R-60]], and better guidance and autopilot systems.
−
{{Break}}
+
 
−
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]].
+
The Yak-38M was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]]. Like the Harrier, it is an aircraft with a VTOL capability. The {{PAGENAME}} is externally almost identical to the Yak-38 and the few differences are difficult to identify in combat, aside from the plane's default livery. These features are the tail boom (long and coloured in red for the 38M while short for the 38) and the forward Pitot tube (striped for the 38M and unicolour for the 38). The Yak-38 is very underwhelming in flight performance, but makes up for it in great armament options and ordnance, and acts as a stepping stone to the far more powerful successor in Soviet VTOL aircraft, the formidable [[Yak-141]].
  
 
== General info ==
 
== General info ==
 
=== Flight performance ===
 
=== Flight performance ===
 +
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}
 
<!-- ''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.'' -->
 
<!-- ''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.'' -->
  
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|-
 
|-
 
! Upgraded
 
! Upgraded
−
|1,205||1,197||36.9||38.1||124.5||102.4
+
| 1,205 || 1,197 || 36.9 || 38.1 || 124.5 || 102.4
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
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! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
 
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
 
|-
 
|-
−
| X || ✓ || ✓ || X || X || ✓    <!-- ✓ -->
+
| X || X || ✓ || X || X || ✓    <!-- ✓ -->
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
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! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
 
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 650 || 500 || ~11 || ~5
+
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || - || - || 500 || ~11 || ~5
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
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! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
 
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
 
|-
 
|-
−
| < 650 || < 850 || < 920 || N/A
+
| < 650 || < 850 || < 920 || -
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
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|-
 
|-
 
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
 
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
−
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic Mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load (NOTE: the Yak-38M's gunpods and removable internal cannon are not counted)}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
+
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load (NOTE: the Yak-38M's gunpods and removable internal cannon are not counted)}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| colspan="2" | Tumansky R-28V-300 (main) || 1
 
| colspan="2" | Tumansky R-28V-300 (main) || 1
 
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | 7,240 kg || colspan="2" rowspan="2" | 502 kg/m<sup>2</sup>
 
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | 7,240 kg || colspan="2" rowspan="2" | 502 kg/m<sup>2</sup>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| colspan="2" | RD-38 (lift jets) || 2
+
| colspan="2" | Kolesov RD-38 (lift jets) || 2
 
|-
 
|-
 
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
 
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
−
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff<br />Weight
+
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff<br>Weight
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
 
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
−
! 7m fuel || 20m fuel || 23m fuel
+
! 6m fuel || 20m fuel || 22m fuel
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1,420 kg (main) || colspan="2" | Vectored-thrust low-bypass turbofan
+
| 1,420 kg (main) || colspan="2" | Vectored-thrust axial-flow turbojet
−
| rowspan="2" | 8,077 kg || rowspan="2" | 9,631 kg || rowspan="2" | 9,960 kg || rowspan="2" | 10,300 kg
+
| rowspan="2" | 8,065 kg || rowspan="2" | 9,716 kg || rowspan="2" | 9,990 kg || rowspan="2" | 10,300 kg
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 210 kg (lift jet)|| colspan="2" | Axial-flow turbojet
+
| 210 kg (lift jet) || colspan="2" | Axial-flow turbojet
 
|-
 
|-
 
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum main engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
 
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum main engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
−
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio in level flight @ 0 m (100%)
+
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio in forward flight @ 0 m (100%)
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Condition || 100% || WEP
 
! Condition || 100% || WEP
−
! 7m fuel || 20m fuel || 23m fuel || MTOW
+
! 6m fuel || 20m fuel || 22m fuel || MTOW
 
|-
 
|-
 
| ''Stationary'' || 7,120 kgf || N/A
 
| ''Stationary'' || 7,120 kgf || N/A
−
| 0.88 || 0.74 || 0.71 || 0.69
+
| 0.88 || 0.73 || 0.71 || 0.69
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''Optimal'' || 7,120 kgf<br />(0 km/h) || N/A
+
| ''Optimal'' || 7,120 kgf<br>(0 km/h) || N/A
−
| 0.88 || 0.74 || 0.71 || 0.69
+
| 0.88 || 0.73 || 0.71 || 0.69
 
|-
 
|-
 
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum lift engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
 
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum lift engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
 
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio in VTOL (all 3 engines) @ 0 m (100%)
 
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio in VTOL (all 3 engines) @ 0 m (100%)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''Stationary'' || {{Annotation|3,230 kgf|13,580 kg total thrust in VTOL (split over 3 engines)}}|| N/A
+
| ''Stationary'' || {{Annotation|3,230 kgf|13,580 kgf total thrust in VTOL (split over 3 engines)}}|| N/A
−
| 1.68 || 1.41 || 1.36 || 1.31
+
| 1.68 || 1.40 || 1.36 || 1.32
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
=== Survivability and armour ===
 
=== Survivability and armour ===
 +
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}
 
<!-- ''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.'' -->
 
<!-- ''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.'' -->
 
The Yak-38 has no armour. It is a fairly large target with the entire fuselage being taken up with engines and fuel tanks.
 
The Yak-38 has no armour. It is a fairly large target with the entire fuselage being taken up with engines and fuel tanks.
 +
 +
=== Modifications and economy ===
 +
{{Specs-Economy}}
  
 
== Armaments ==
 
== Armaments ==
 +
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="4" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
 +
|-
 +
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs)
 +
|-
 +
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}} || {{Cross}}
 +
|-
 +
|}
 
=== Offensive armament ===
 
=== Offensive armament ===
 +
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}
 
<!-- ''Describe the offensive armament of the aircraft, if any. Describe how effective the cannons and machine guns are in a battle, and also what belts or drums are better to use. If there is no offensive weaponry, delete this subsection.'' -->
 
<!-- ''Describe the offensive armament of the aircraft, if any. Describe how effective the cannons and machine guns are in a battle, and also what belts or drums are better to use. If there is no offensive weaponry, delete this subsection.'' -->
 
{{main|GSh-23L (23 mm)}}
 
{{main|GSh-23L (23 mm)}}
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The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:
 
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:
  
−
* A choice between two presets:
+
* 1 x 23 mm GSh-23L cannon, belly-mounted (160 rpg)
−
** Without offensive armament
 
−
** 1 x 23 mm GSh-23L cannon, wing-mounted (160 rpg)
 
  
 
=== Suspended armament ===
 
=== Suspended armament ===
 +
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}
 
<!-- ''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.'' -->
 
<!-- ''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.'' -->
−
{{main|OFAB-100 (100 kg)|OFAB-250sv (250 kg)|FAB-500M-54 (500 kg)|Kh-23M|R-60}}
 
−
{{main|S-5KP|S-8M|S-24B|GSh-23L (23 mm)}}
 
  
 
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:
 
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:
  
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
 +
|-
 +
! !! width="11%" | 1 !! width="11%" | 2 !! width="11%" | 3 !! width="11%" | 4
 +
| rowspan="13" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_{{PAGENAME}}.png]]</div>
 +
|-
 +
! [[GSh-23L (23 mm)|23 mm GSh-23L]] cannons (250 rpg)
 +
| 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
 +
|-
 +
! [[OFAB-100 (100 kg)|100 kg OFAB-100]] bombs
 +
| 3 || 1 || 1 || 3
 +
|-
 +
! [[OFAB-250sv (250 kg)|250 kg OFAB-250sv]] bombs
 +
| 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
 +
|-
 +
! [[FAB-500M-54 (500 kg)|500 kg FAB-500M-54]] bombs
 +
| 1 || || || 1
 +
|-
 +
! [[ZB-500 incendiary]] bombs
 +
| 1 || || || 1
 +
|-
 +
! [[S-5KP]] rockets
 +
| 16, 32 || 16 || 16 || 16, 32
 +
|-
 +
! [[S-8KO]] rockets
 +
| 20 || || || 20
 +
|-
 +
! [[S-24B]] rockets
 +
| 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
 +
|-
 +
! [[Kh-23M]] missiles
 +
| 1* || || || 1*
 +
|-
 +
! [[R-60]] missiles
 +
| 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
 +
|-
 +
! Delta-NG targeting pod
 +
| || || 1* ||
 +
|-
 +
| colspan="5" | Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 450 kg
 +
|-
 +
| colspan="6" | * Delta-NG targeting pod must be carried when equipping Kh-23M missiles
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 +
{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
 +
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
 
* 2 x 23 mm GSh-23L cannons (250 rpg = 500 total)
 
* 2 x 23 mm GSh-23L cannons (250 rpg = 500 total)
−
* 4 x 23 mm GSh-23L cannons (250 rpg = 1,000 total)
+
* 2 x R-60 missiles
−
* 10 x 100 kg OFAB-100 bombs (1,000 kg total)
+
* 4 x R-60 missiles
−
* 2 x 250 kg OFAB-250sv bombs (500 kg total)
 
−
* 4 x 250 kg OFAB-250sv bombs (1,000 kg total)
 
−
* 2 x 500 kg FAB-500M-54 bombs (1,000 kg total)
 
−
* 2 x 500 kg FAB-500M-54 bombs + 2 x 250 kg OFAB-250sv bombs (1,500 kg total)
 
 
* 64 x S-5KP rockets
 
* 64 x S-5KP rockets
 
* 64 x S-5KP rockets
 
* 64 x S-5KP rockets
−
* 96 x S-5KP rockets
+
* 40 x S-8KO rockets
−
* 40 x S-8M rockets
 
−
* 2 x S-24B rockets
 
 
* 4 x S-24B rockets
 
* 4 x S-24B rockets
−
* 32 x S-5KP rockets + 2 x S-24B rockets
 
−
* 2 x R-60 missiles
 
−
* 2 x 23 mm GSh-23L cannons (250 rpg = 500 total) + 2 x R-60 missiles
 
−
* 2 x R-60 missiles + 2 x 100 kg OFAB-100 bombs (200 kg total)
 
−
* 2 x R-60 missiles + 2 x 250 kg OFAB-250sv bombs (500 kg total)
 
−
* 2 x R-60 missiles + 32 x S-5KP rockets
 
−
* 2 x R-60 missiles + 64 x S-5KP rockets
 
−
* 2 x R-60 missiles + 2 x S-24B rockets
 
 
* 2 x Kh-23M missiles
 
* 2 x Kh-23M missiles
 +
* 8 x 100 kg OFAB-100 bombs (800 kg total)
 +
* 4 x 250 kg OFAB-250sv bombs (1,000 kg total)
 +
* 2 x 500 kg FAB-500M-54 bombs (1,000 kg total)
 +
* 2 x ZB-500 incendiary bombs
 +
* 4 x 23 mm GSh-23L cannons (250 rpg = 1,000 total)
 +
{{Navigation-End}}
  
 
== Usage in battles ==
 
== Usage in battles ==
 
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' -->
 
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' -->
−
''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''
+
The Yak-38 is not very fast (you can reach Mach 1 in a slight dive when carrying minimum loadout) and not very nimble (bad energy retention in tight turns) so you'll lose many engagements with dedicated boom and zoom and dogfight optimised aircraft. What really makes this plane shine is the customizable loadout as well as its amazing rate of climb (101.2 m/s when spaded) and acceleration.
 +
 
 +
Due to your low speed it is wise to avoid high altitude combat as you'll be pitted against supersonic interceptors at this BR. Try to stay low and either ground pound or destroy enemy attackers. Doing this your main opponents are F-86 and Harrier variants. Both of which will out-turn you in a dogfight.
 +
 
 +
You have two options for dogfighting aircraft:
  
−
=== Modules ===
+
Use your climb rate to get into an advantageous position. You can out-climb almost all aircraft of your battle rating. And as long as you stay at lower altitudes you'll most likely be able to avoid those aircraft that can out-climb you.
−
{| class="wikitable"
+
 
−
! Tier
+
Switch to hover mode. The Yak's hover mode can only be engaged at speeds below 450 km/h so you have to plan ahead a bit or react really fast once you slow down enough. Your goal here should be to get into the center of the enemies turning circle. When executed correctly it is impossible for the enemy to get their aim on you, while you are still perfectly able to fire at them. And if they disengage they set themselves up for you to lock on with AAMs. But be aware that engaging hover mode will make you an easy target for other aircraft that are not part of the dogfight so it's best used in 1 on 1 situations.
−
! Flight performance
+
 
−
! Survivability
+
'''Air-to-air'''
−
! colspan="4" | Weaponry
+
 
−
|-
+
The Yak-38M has several air-to-air options for its loadout. You can also set one additional 23 mm gun-pod as offensive weapon in your modifications menu. Keep in mind that gun pods add a substantial amount of drag and heavily impact your climb and turn rate and are not dropped after expending their ammo.
−
| I
+
 
−
| Compressor
+
All combinations of gun-pods, R-60 and S-24B are viable but emphasize on different ways to approach enemy aircraft.
−
| Fuselage repair
+
 
−
| Gun pod VSPU-36
+
* Central gun-pod + R-60 keeps your drag quite low and still leaves you with a main gun after firing both missiles.
−
| FAB-250
+
* Everything from two gun-pods (2 x pods or central pod + 2 x pods) up creates a high volume of fire and makes the Yak-38M deadly in head-on approaches. This can be combined with R-60 for taking out faster planes.
−
| UB-16
+
* 4 pods (5 with central pod) give an incredible burst mass of over 40 kg/s and will shred everything in a head-on approach. In many cases this will be overkill though. The pods can't be fired independently and trigger discipline is required to not run out of ammo too fast. Also there is no R-60 in this config.
−
|
+
* 2 x R-60 + 2 x S-24B (+ central pod) opens up the possibility to make snapshots on passing enemies with very deadly anti-bunker rockets. With a bit of practise and setting a detonation distance you are comfortable with the S-24B can be used to reliably take out every plane in its large burst radius. Can also be used in head-on approaches but in contrast to adding more gun-pods they won't create any drag after you have fired them.
−
|-
+
 
−
| II
+
'''Air-to-ground'''
−
| New boosters
+
 
−
| Airframe
+
You have access to a ballistics computer for your rockets and guns. A ballistics computer is not available for bombs.
−
| Gun pod UPK-23-250
+
 
−
| FAB-500
+
As with the Su-7 it gives you firing solutions for your guns on ground and missiles on ground.
−
| UB-32
+
 
−
| R-60
+
The loadout you should choose depends heavily on whether you are playing Air RB or Ground RB. For Air RB gun-pods and rocket-pods are most useful to take out groups of smaller ground targets like vehicles, light tanks, howitzers, etc.
−
|-
+
 
−
| III
+
The available bomb loadout is not sufficient to be threatening to enemy bases in any way, so it is recommended to not attempt to bomb enemy bases.
−
| Wings repair
+
 
−
| G-suit
+
For Ground RB the Kh-23M gives you access to two beam riding ATGMs with an TNT equivalent of almost 100 kg. As with all beam riding missiles you will be an easy target while keeping your nose pointed at the enemy. As you will face SPAAs equipped with SAMs at this BR, taking 2 x 500 kg bombs might be more useful depending on the situation and composition of the enemy team.
−
| Offensive 23 mm
 
−
| X-23M
 
−
| B-8M1
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
| IV
 
−
| Engine
 
−
| Cover
 
−
| New 23 mm cannons
 
−
|
 
−
| C-24
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|}
 
  
 
=== Pros and cons ===
 
=== Pros and cons ===
−
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' -->'''Pros:'''
+
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' -->
 +
 
 +
'''Pros:'''
  
 
* VTOL capabilities
 
* VTOL capabilities
 +
* Very high rate of climb
 
* Numerous payload options
 
* Numerous payload options
−
* Offensive 23mm cannons have a very high fire rate
+
* Offensive 23 mm cannons have a very high fire rate
 +
* Split elevator
  
 
'''Cons:'''
 
'''Cons:'''
  
 
* Subsonic
 
* Subsonic
−
* Offensive 23mm cannon has low ammo for its fire rate, trigger discipline is required
+
* Boom and zoom only playstyle
 +
* Offensive 23 mm cannon has low ammo for its fire rate, trigger discipline is required
 +
* Offensive 23 mm belts is a Tier III modification
  
 
== History ==
 
== History ==
 
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' -->
 
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' -->
 +
 +
=== Development ===
 +
As the Soviet navy received the last batches of the original Yak-38, it increasingly became evident that the aircraft suffered from a multitude of issues and constraints, which significantly impeded its operational efficacy. These issues prompted the Soviet authorities to initiate a modernization program, and a government decree on August 27, 1981, authorized the development of the Yak-38M, an improved version of the Yak-38 with enhanced performance and capabilities. The main upgrade in the Yak-38M was the installation of new engines, the Tumansky R-28V-300 and Rybinsk RD-38, which increased the thrust and reduced the overheating problems of the previous model. The new engines also allowed the Yak-38M to increase its maximum takeoff weight in VTOL mode from 10,300 kg to 11,300 kg and to 12,000 kg in short takeoff mode; however, the target figures were not finally achieved. Other changes included a new avionics and weapon suite, provision for drop tanks, and minor improvements in the navigation systems. Even so, the Yak-38M still had trouble achieving its desired performance targets. Due to its payload and performance limitations, the aircraft was still referred to as a "moral support aircraft", despite noticeable improvements in engine thrust and fewer overheating problems. By 1988, only 50 of these aircraft had been produced, and their fate was sealed by the collapse of the Soviet bloc and the ensuing budget cuts. Most of the carriers that carried them were either scrapped or sold, and the last Yak-38Ms flew from the Baku carrier until they were relegated to land-based training missions. However, these missions were short-lived, as the Yak-38s were retired for good in early 1993.
 +
 +
=== Further development ===
 +
The Yak-38M was seen as a stepping stone to a better VTOL aircraft by the Yakovlev Design Bureau. A large part of the Yak-38M design would end up in the Yak-41M which, instead of having 2 nozzles, would instead pivot a much larger single engine exhaust while still retaining the 2 lift engines at the front, and unlike the Yak-38M it was supersonic capable. In the Western world it was known as the [[Yak-141]], while inside the Soviet military it was the Yak-41M. When the Cold War ended and funding for the project was cut Yakovlev looked for other companies that would like to enter a partnership. In 1991, Yakovlev would enter a partnership with Lockheed-Martin and due to this relationship officially change the designation of the 2 flying prototypes to Yak-141. Lockheed-Martin would end up using the experience they gained from this on their X-35 plane which would end up being the F-35 family of planes, the F-35B having the same general engine layout as the Yak-141.
 +
 
=== [[wt:en/news/6942-development-yak-38-yak-38m-hover-jet-en|Devblog]] ===
 
=== [[wt:en/news/6942-development-yak-38-yak-38m-hover-jet-en|Devblog]] ===
−
Although Soviet engineers were experimenting with VTOL fixed wing aircraft design since the early 1960’s, it wasn’t until December 1967 before a formal order to develop a light VTOL strike aircraft as well as a corresponding trainer version was issued. As a result, engineers at the Yakovlev design bureau began work on the new aircraft in the late 1960’s, basing their design on experience gained from developing the preceding Yak-36 - an early VTOL demonstration design.
+
Although Soviet engineers were experimenting with VTOL fixed wing aircraft design since the early 1960's, it wasn't until December 1967 before a formal order to develop a light VTOL strike aircraft as well as a corresponding trainer version was issued. As a result, engineers at the Yakovlev design bureau began work on the new aircraft in the late 1960's, basing their design on experience gained from developing the preceding Yak-36 - an early VTOL demonstration design.
  
−
The new aircraft, designated Yak-36M, was being developed for immediate frontline service, operating both from land bases as well as aircraft-carrying ships. The aircraft’s primary role was that of a strike aircraft, engaging ground and surface targets while also being suited to intercept enemy aircraft and helicopters if necessary.
+
The new aircraft, designated Yak-36M, was being developed for immediate frontline service, operating both from land bases as well as aircraft-carrying ships. The aircraft's primary role was that of a strike aircraft, engaging ground and surface targets while also being suited to intercept enemy aircraft and helicopters if necessary.
  
 
Not too long after work on the project began, the first prototype saw completion and conducted its maiden flight in December 1970. Subsequent prototypes and trials continued testing the aircraft's performance, particularly its novel VTOL capabilities. By 1973, the aircraft was considered ready and serial production commenced.
 
Not too long after work on the project began, the first prototype saw completion and conducted its maiden flight in December 1970. Subsequent prototypes and trials continued testing the aircraft's performance, particularly its novel VTOL capabilities. By 1973, the aircraft was considered ready and serial production commenced.
  
−
After some further testing and crew training, the aircraft officially entered service with the Soviet Navy in August 1977, receiving the designation Yak-38. By 1982, over 140 Yak-38’s were built, all of which served aboard the then new Kiev-class aircraft carriers. In the mid 1980’s, the modernized Yak-38M version came into service, most prominently featuring more powerful engines as well as other improvements. About 50 Yak-38M’s were built before the type was ultimately decommissioned in 1991.
+
After some further testing and crew training, the aircraft officially entered service with the Soviet Navy in August 1977, receiving the designation Yak-38. By 1982, over 140 Yak-38's were built, all of which served aboard the then new Kiev-class aircraft carriers. In the mid 1980's, the modernized Yak-38M version came into service, most prominently featuring more powerful engines as well as other improvements. About 50 Yak-38M's were built before the type was ultimately decommissioned in 1991.
 +
 
 +
== Media ==
 +
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' -->
  
−
=== Further development ===
+
;Skins
−
Yakovlev always believed the Yak-38 to be an interim aircraft, developed to gain experience designing and developing military VTOL aircraft. Even before the Yak-38's introduction, the Soviet Navy desired a more comprehensive aircraft, with greater capabilities than the Yak-38 offered. The result was a design contract offered to Yakovlev in 1975. The requirement was for an aircraft with only one mission: air defense of the fleet. Unlike the Yak-38, this aircraft was to have sustained supersonic speed. Maneuverability, radar and weapons loads were expected to be similar to those of current front-line fighters. For the Soviet Navy this aircraft was to be their next generation VTOL fighter.  For Yakovlev the aircraft was viewed as a way of returning to designing Soviet fighter aircraft.
+
 
 +
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=yak-38m Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]
  
−
This lead to the development of the Yak-41M, to the west it was known as the Yak-141 while still being designated Yak-41M in the Soviet military. In 1991 Yakovlev entered into a partnership with Lockheed-Martin, due to this Yakovlev designated the 2 flyable prototypes, the experience Lockheed-Martin gained in this partnership would end up in the VTOL F-35 Lightning II variant the F-35B.
+
;Images
 +
<gallery mode="packed" caption="Yak-38M Devblog Images" heights="200">
 +
File:Yak-38M WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
 +
File:Yak-38M WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
 +
File:Yak-38M WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
 +
File:Yak-38M WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
 +
</gallery>
  
−
== Media ==
+
;Videos
−
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' -->
+
{{Youtube-gallery|Mc4zh0r8g64|'''Yak-38M: A Detailed Review''' - ''Tims Variety''|1yFd8lx7vQI|'''Yakovlev Yak-38 Soviet Naval Aviation''' - ''yolkhere''}}
−
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''
 
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
Line 236: Line 307:
 
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
 
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
 
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' -->
 
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' -->
−
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
 
  
−
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
+
;Related development
−
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''
+
 
 +
* [[Yak-38]]
 +
 
 +
;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
 +
 
 +
* [[Harrier (Family)]]
  
 
== External links ==
 
== External links ==
Line 247: Line 322:
  
 
* [[wt:en/news/6942-development-yak-38-yak-38m-hover-jet-en|[Development] Yak-38 & Yak-38M: Hover Jet]]
 
* [[wt:en/news/6942-development-yak-38-yak-38m-hover-jet-en|[Development] Yak-38 & Yak-38M: Hover Jet]]
 +
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/504154-yak-38m/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
 +
* [[wikipedia:Yakovlev_Yak-38|[Wikipedia] Yakovlev Yak-38]]
 +
* [http://www.airvectors.net/avredvt.html <nowiki>[Air Vectors]</nowiki> Soviet Jet VTOL: Yak-36, Yak-38, & Yak-41]
  
 +
{{AirManufacturer Yakovlev}}
 
{{USSR jet aircraft}}
 
{{USSR jet aircraft}}

Latest revision as of 21:51, 3 November 2023

Rank VII | Premium | Golden Eagles
Challenger DS Pack
This page is about the Soviet strike aircraft Yak-38M. For the premium version, see Yak-38.
Yak-38M
yak-38m.png
GarageImage Yak-38M.jpg
Yak-38M
USSR flag.png USSR
VI Rank
Battle rating:
AB RB SB
9.3 9.3 9.3
Class:
Research:220 000 Specs-Card-Exp.png
Purchase:620 000 Specs-Card-Lion.png
Show in game

Description

The Yak-38 had many problems, especially with the powerplant, which was complex, heavy, and underpowered, and suffered from inexcusable overheating issues, with some reports even stating that the Yak-38 was grounded during the hot summers of the Mediterranean sea due to the engine overheating dangerously during VTOL take-offs. By comparison to its adversaries such as the Harrier family, the initial Yak-38 was abysmally underperforming. These issues quickly led to a urgent request from the Soviet navy to upgrade the Yak-38 in the late '70s and early '80s to address these issues. This directly resulted in the upgraded Yak-38M, which entered service in 1985. The main upgrade in the Yak-38M variant, was the installation of a new set of engines, the Tumansky R-28V-300 and Rybinsk RD-38 engines respectively, to correct the issues with overheating and low power of the previous model, while also upgrading the aircraft's avionics and armament suite to include new all-aspect variants of the R-60, and better guidance and autopilot systems.

The Yak-38M was introduced in Update "New Power". Like the Harrier, it is an aircraft with a VTOL capability. The Yak-38M is externally almost identical to the Yak-38 and the few differences are difficult to identify in combat, aside from the plane's default livery. These features are the tail boom (long and coloured in red for the 38M while short for the 38) and the forward Pitot tube (striped for the 38M and unicolour for the 38). The Yak-38 is very underwhelming in flight performance, but makes up for it in great armament options and ordnance, and acts as a stepping stone to the far more powerful successor in Soviet VTOL aircraft, the formidable Yak-141.

General info

Flight performance

Drogue parachute
Reduces braking distance when landing on any runway
Max speed
at 0 m1 199 km/h
Turn time38 s
Max altitude12 500 m
EngineTumansky R-28V-300
Type
Cooling systemAir
Take-off weight10 t
Characteristics Max Speed
(km/h at 0 m - sea level) 		Max altitude
(metres) 		Turn time
(seconds) 		Rate of climb
(metres/second) 		Take-off run
(metres)
AB RB AB RB AB RB
Stock 1,190 1,186 12500 39.6 40.7 87.3 78.7 520
Upgraded 1,205 1,197 36.9 38.1 124.5 102.4

Details

Features
Combat flaps Take-off flaps Landing flaps Air brakes Arrestor gear Drogue chute
X X ✓ X X ✓
Limits
Wings (km/h) Gear (km/h) Flaps (km/h) Max Static G
Combat Take-off Landing + -
1265 500 - - 500 ~11 ~5
Optimal velocities (km/h)
Ailerons Rudder Elevators Radiator
< 650 < 850 < 920 -

Engine performance

Engine Aircraft mass
Engine name Number Basic mass Wing loading (full fuel)
Tumansky R-28V-300 (main) 1 7,240 kg 502 kg/m2
Kolesov RD-38 (lift jets) 2
Engine characteristics Mass with fuel (no weapons load) Max Takeoff
Weight
Weight (each) Type 6m fuel 20m fuel 22m fuel
1,420 kg (main) Vectored-thrust axial-flow turbojet 8,065 kg 9,716 kg 9,990 kg 10,300 kg
210 kg (lift jet) Axial-flow turbojet
Maximum main engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB) Thrust to weight ratio in forward flight @ 0 m (100%)
Condition 100% WEP 6m fuel 20m fuel 22m fuel MTOW
Stationary 7,120 kgf N/A 0.88 0.73 0.71 0.69
Optimal 7,120 kgf
(0 km/h) 		N/A 0.88 0.73 0.71 0.69
Maximum lift engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB) Thrust to weight ratio in VTOL (all 3 engines) @ 0 m (100%)
Stationary 3,230 kgf N/A 1.68 1.40 1.36 1.32

Survivability and armour

Crew1 person
Speed of destruction
Structural1 265 km/h
Gear500 km/h

The Yak-38 has no armour. It is a fairly large target with the entire fuselage being taken up with engines and fuel tanks.

Modifications and economy

Repair costBasic → Reference
AB2 823 → 4 149 Sl icon.png
RB8 491 → 12 481 Sl icon.png
SB9 470 → 13 920 Sl icon.png
Total cost of modifications195 800 Rp icon.png
301 000 Sl icon.png
Talisman cost2 700 Ge icon.png
Crew training175 000 Sl icon.png
Experts620 000 Sl icon.png
Aces2 600 Ge icon.png
Research Aces1 010 000 Rp icon.png
Reward for battleAB / RB / SB
100 / 330 / 600 % Sl icon.png
226 / 226 / 226 % Rp icon.png
Modifications
Flight performance Survivability Weaponry
Mods jet compressor.png
Compressor
Research:
6 500 Rp icon.png
Cost:
10 000 Sl icon.png
300 Ge icon.png
Mods booster.png
New boosters
Research:
7 300 Rp icon.png
Cost:
11 000 Sl icon.png
340 Ge icon.png
Mods aerodinamic wing.png
Wings repair
Research:
9 800 Rp icon.png
Cost:
15 000 Sl icon.png
450 Ge icon.png
Mods jet engine.png
Engine
Research:
16 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
25 000 Sl icon.png
740 Ge icon.png
Mods aerodinamic fuse.png
Fuselage repair
Research:
6 500 Rp icon.png
Cost:
10 000 Sl icon.png
300 Ge icon.png
Mods armor frame.png
Airframe
Research:
7 300 Rp icon.png
Cost:
11 000 Sl icon.png
340 Ge icon.png
Mods g suit.png
G-suit
Research:
9 800 Rp icon.png
Cost:
15 000 Sl icon.png
450 Ge icon.png
Mods armor cover.png
Cover
Research:
16 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
25 000 Sl icon.png
740 Ge icon.png
Mods gunpods.png
Gun pod VSPU-36
Research:
6 500 Rp icon.png
Cost:
10 000 Sl icon.png
300 Ge icon.png
Mods pilon bomb.png
FAB-250
Research:
6 500 Rp icon.png
Cost:
10 000 Sl icon.png
300 Ge icon.png
Mod arrow 0.png
Mods pilon block rocket.png
UB-16
Research:
6 500 Rp icon.png
Cost:
10 000 Sl icon.png
300 Ge icon.png
Mod arrow 0.png
Mods napalm fire bomb.png
ZB-500
Research:
6 500 Rp icon.png
Cost:
10 000 Sl icon.png
300 Ge icon.png
Mods gunpods.png
Gun pod UPK-23-250
Research:
7 300 Rp icon.png
Cost:
11 000 Sl icon.png
340 Ge icon.png
Mods pilon bomb.png
FAB-500
Research:
7 300 Rp icon.png
Cost:
11 000 Sl icon.png
340 Ge icon.png
Mod arrow 0.png
Mods pilon block rocket.png
UB-32
Research:
7 300 Rp icon.png
Cost:
11 000 Sl icon.png
340 Ge icon.png
Mod arrow 0.png
Mods air to air missile.png
R-60
Research:
7 300 Rp icon.png
Cost:
11 000 Sl icon.png
340 Ge icon.png
Mods ammo.png
ns23_belt_pack
Research:
9 800 Rp icon.png
Cost:
15 000 Sl icon.png
450 Ge icon.png
Mod arrow 0.png
Mods agm missile.png
Kh-23M
Research:
9 800 Rp icon.png
Cost:
15 000 Sl icon.png
450 Ge icon.png
Mods pilon block rocket.png
B-8M1
Research:
9 800 Rp icon.png
Cost:
15 000 Sl icon.png
450 Ge icon.png
Mod arrow 0.png
Mods weapon.png
ns23_new_gun
Research:
16 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
25 000 Sl icon.png
740 Ge icon.png
Mods pilon rocket.png
S-24
Research:
16 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
25 000 Sl icon.png
740 Ge icon.png

Armaments

Ballistic Computer
CCIP (Guns) CCIP (Rockets) CCIP (Bombs) CCRP (Bombs)
Icon GreenCheckmark.png Icon GreenCheckmark.png Icon RedXCross.png Icon RedXCross.png

Offensive armament

Main article: GSh-23L (23 mm)

The Yak-38M is armed with:

  • 1 x 23 mm GSh-23L cannon, belly-mounted (160 rpg)

Suspended armament

The Yak-38M can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

1 2 3 4
Hardpoints Yak-38M.png
23 mm GSh-23L cannons (250 rpg) 1 1 1 1
100 kg OFAB-100 bombs 3 1 1 3
250 kg OFAB-250sv bombs 1 1 1 1
500 kg FAB-500M-54 bombs 1 1
ZB-500 incendiary bombs 1 1
S-5KP rockets 16, 32 16 16 16, 32
S-8KO rockets 20 20
S-24B rockets 1 1 1 1
Kh-23M missiles 1* 1*
R-60 missiles 1 1 1 1
Delta-NG targeting pod 1*
Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 450 kg
* Delta-NG targeting pod must be carried when equipping Kh-23M missiles
Default weapon presets
  • 2 x 23 mm GSh-23L cannons (250 rpg = 500 total)
  • 2 x R-60 missiles
  • 4 x R-60 missiles
  • 64 x S-5KP rockets
  • 64 x S-5KP rockets
  • 40 x S-8KO rockets
  • 4 x S-24B rockets
  • 2 x Kh-23M missiles
  • 8 x 100 kg OFAB-100 bombs (800 kg total)
  • 4 x 250 kg OFAB-250sv bombs (1,000 kg total)
  • 2 x 500 kg FAB-500M-54 bombs (1,000 kg total)
  • 2 x ZB-500 incendiary bombs
  • 4 x 23 mm GSh-23L cannons (250 rpg = 1,000 total)

Usage in battles

The Yak-38 is not very fast (you can reach Mach 1 in a slight dive when carrying minimum loadout) and not very nimble (bad energy retention in tight turns) so you'll lose many engagements with dedicated boom and zoom and dogfight optimised aircraft. What really makes this plane shine is the customizable loadout as well as its amazing rate of climb (101.2 m/s when spaded) and acceleration.

Due to your low speed it is wise to avoid high altitude combat as you'll be pitted against supersonic interceptors at this BR. Try to stay low and either ground pound or destroy enemy attackers. Doing this your main opponents are F-86 and Harrier variants. Both of which will out-turn you in a dogfight.

You have two options for dogfighting aircraft:

Use your climb rate to get into an advantageous position. You can out-climb almost all aircraft of your battle rating. And as long as you stay at lower altitudes you'll most likely be able to avoid those aircraft that can out-climb you.

Switch to hover mode. The Yak's hover mode can only be engaged at speeds below 450 km/h so you have to plan ahead a bit or react really fast once you slow down enough. Your goal here should be to get into the center of the enemies turning circle. When executed correctly it is impossible for the enemy to get their aim on you, while you are still perfectly able to fire at them. And if they disengage they set themselves up for you to lock on with AAMs. But be aware that engaging hover mode will make you an easy target for other aircraft that are not part of the dogfight so it's best used in 1 on 1 situations.

Air-to-air

The Yak-38M has several air-to-air options for its loadout. You can also set one additional 23 mm gun-pod as offensive weapon in your modifications menu. Keep in mind that gun pods add a substantial amount of drag and heavily impact your climb and turn rate and are not dropped after expending their ammo.

All combinations of gun-pods, R-60 and S-24B are viable but emphasize on different ways to approach enemy aircraft.

  • Central gun-pod + R-60 keeps your drag quite low and still leaves you with a main gun after firing both missiles.
  • Everything from two gun-pods (2 x pods or central pod + 2 x pods) up creates a high volume of fire and makes the Yak-38M deadly in head-on approaches. This can be combined with R-60 for taking out faster planes.
  • 4 pods (5 with central pod) give an incredible burst mass of over 40 kg/s and will shred everything in a head-on approach. In many cases this will be overkill though. The pods can't be fired independently and trigger discipline is required to not run out of ammo too fast. Also there is no R-60 in this config.
  • 2 x R-60 + 2 x S-24B (+ central pod) opens up the possibility to make snapshots on passing enemies with very deadly anti-bunker rockets. With a bit of practise and setting a detonation distance you are comfortable with the S-24B can be used to reliably take out every plane in its large burst radius. Can also be used in head-on approaches but in contrast to adding more gun-pods they won't create any drag after you have fired them.

Air-to-ground

You have access to a ballistics computer for your rockets and guns. A ballistics computer is not available for bombs.

As with the Su-7 it gives you firing solutions for your guns on ground and missiles on ground.

The loadout you should choose depends heavily on whether you are playing Air RB or Ground RB. For Air RB gun-pods and rocket-pods are most useful to take out groups of smaller ground targets like vehicles, light tanks, howitzers, etc.

The available bomb loadout is not sufficient to be threatening to enemy bases in any way, so it is recommended to not attempt to bomb enemy bases.

For Ground RB the Kh-23M gives you access to two beam riding ATGMs with an TNT equivalent of almost 100 kg. As with all beam riding missiles you will be an easy target while keeping your nose pointed at the enemy. As you will face SPAAs equipped with SAMs at this BR, taking 2 x 500 kg bombs might be more useful depending on the situation and composition of the enemy team.

Pros and cons

Pros:

  • VTOL capabilities
  • Very high rate of climb
  • Numerous payload options
  • Offensive 23 mm cannons have a very high fire rate
  • Split elevator

Cons:

  • Subsonic
  • Boom and zoom only playstyle
  • Offensive 23 mm cannon has low ammo for its fire rate, trigger discipline is required
  • Offensive 23 mm belts is a Tier III modification

History

Development

As the Soviet navy received the last batches of the original Yak-38, it increasingly became evident that the aircraft suffered from a multitude of issues and constraints, which significantly impeded its operational efficacy. These issues prompted the Soviet authorities to initiate a modernization program, and a government decree on August 27, 1981, authorized the development of the Yak-38M, an improved version of the Yak-38 with enhanced performance and capabilities. The main upgrade in the Yak-38M was the installation of new engines, the Tumansky R-28V-300 and Rybinsk RD-38, which increased the thrust and reduced the overheating problems of the previous model. The new engines also allowed the Yak-38M to increase its maximum takeoff weight in VTOL mode from 10,300 kg to 11,300 kg and to 12,000 kg in short takeoff mode; however, the target figures were not finally achieved. Other changes included a new avionics and weapon suite, provision for drop tanks, and minor improvements in the navigation systems. Even so, the Yak-38M still had trouble achieving its desired performance targets. Due to its payload and performance limitations, the aircraft was still referred to as a "moral support aircraft", despite noticeable improvements in engine thrust and fewer overheating problems. By 1988, only 50 of these aircraft had been produced, and their fate was sealed by the collapse of the Soviet bloc and the ensuing budget cuts. Most of the carriers that carried them were either scrapped or sold, and the last Yak-38Ms flew from the Baku carrier until they were relegated to land-based training missions. However, these missions were short-lived, as the Yak-38s were retired for good in early 1993.

Further development

The Yak-38M was seen as a stepping stone to a better VTOL aircraft by the Yakovlev Design Bureau. A large part of the Yak-38M design would end up in the Yak-41M which, instead of having 2 nozzles, would instead pivot a much larger single engine exhaust while still retaining the 2 lift engines at the front, and unlike the Yak-38M it was supersonic capable. In the Western world it was known as the Yak-141, while inside the Soviet military it was the Yak-41M. When the Cold War ended and funding for the project was cut Yakovlev looked for other companies that would like to enter a partnership. In 1991, Yakovlev would enter a partnership with Lockheed-Martin and due to this relationship officially change the designation of the 2 flying prototypes to Yak-141. Lockheed-Martin would end up using the experience they gained from this on their X-35 plane which would end up being the F-35 family of planes, the F-35B having the same general engine layout as the Yak-141.

Devblog

Although Soviet engineers were experimenting with VTOL fixed wing aircraft design since the early 1960's, it wasn't until December 1967 before a formal order to develop a light VTOL strike aircraft as well as a corresponding trainer version was issued. As a result, engineers at the Yakovlev design bureau began work on the new aircraft in the late 1960's, basing their design on experience gained from developing the preceding Yak-36 - an early VTOL demonstration design.

The new aircraft, designated Yak-36M, was being developed for immediate frontline service, operating both from land bases as well as aircraft-carrying ships. The aircraft's primary role was that of a strike aircraft, engaging ground and surface targets while also being suited to intercept enemy aircraft and helicopters if necessary.

Not too long after work on the project began, the first prototype saw completion and conducted its maiden flight in December 1970. Subsequent prototypes and trials continued testing the aircraft's performance, particularly its novel VTOL capabilities. By 1973, the aircraft was considered ready and serial production commenced.

After some further testing and crew training, the aircraft officially entered service with the Soviet Navy in August 1977, receiving the designation Yak-38. By 1982, over 140 Yak-38's were built, all of which served aboard the then new Kiev-class aircraft carriers. In the mid 1980's, the modernized Yak-38M version came into service, most prominently featuring more powerful engines as well as other improvements. About 50 Yak-38M's were built before the type was ultimately decommissioned in 1991.

Media

Skins
Images
  • Yak-38M Devblog Images
  • Yak-38M WTWallpaper 001.jpg
  • Yak-38M WTWallpaper 002.jpg
  • Yak-38M WTWallpaper 003.jpg
  • Yak-38M WTWallpaper 004.jpg
Videos
Yak-38M: A Detailed Review - Tims Variety
Yakovlev Yak-38 Soviet Naval Aviation - yolkhere

See also

Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

External links


A.S. Yakovlev Design Bureau (Яковлев Опытное конструкторское бюро)
Fighters 
Yak-1  Yak-1 · Yak-1B
Yak-3  Yak-3 · Eremin's Yak-3(e) · Yak-3 (VK-107) · Yak-3P · Yak-3T · Yak-3U
Yak-7  Yak-7B
Yak-9  Yak-9 · Yak-9B · Yak-9K · Golovachev's Yak-9M · Yak-9P · Yak-9T · Yak-9U · Yak-9UT
Twin-engine fighters  I-29
Jet fighters 
Yak-15  Yak-15P · Yak-15
Yak-17  Yak-17
Yak-23  Yak-23
Yak-30  Yak-30D
Yak-141  Yak-141
Strike aircraft 
Yak-2  Yak-2 KABB
Yak-38  Yak-38 · Yak-38M
Bombers  Yak-4
Jet bombers  Yak-28B
Foreign use  ▄Yak-3 · Challe's ▄Yak-9T · ◔Yak-9P
Captured  ▀Yak-1B

USSR jet aircraft
Bereznyak-Isayev  BI
Yakovlev  Yak-15 · Yak-15P · Yak-17 · Yak-23 · Yak-28B · Yak-30D · Yak-38 · Yak-38M · Yak-141
Mikoyan-Gurevich  MiG-9 · MiG-9 (l) · MiG-15 · MiG-15bis · MiG-15bis ISh · MiG-17 · MiG-17AS · MiG-19PT
  MiG-21F-13 · MiG-21PFM · MiG-21S (R-13-300) · MiG-21SMT · MiG-21bis
  MiG-23M · MiG-23ML · MiG-23MLD · MiG-27M · MiG-27K
  MiG-29 · MiG-29SMT
Lavochkin  La-174 · La-15 · La-200
Sukhoi  Su-9 · Su-11
  Su-7B · Su-7BKL · Su-7BMK · Su-17M2 · Su-17M4 · Su-22M3
  Su-24M
  Su-25 · Su-25BM · Su-25K · Su-25T · Su-25SM3 · Su-39
  Su-27 · Su-27SM
  Su-34
Ilyushin  IL-28 · IL-28Sh
Tupolev  Tu-14T

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