Difference between revisions of "A7M (Family)"
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Work on the 17-Shi was further delayed by factories prioritizing A6M and Mitsubishi G4M production as well as further work on A6M variants and addressing Raiden issues. As a result, the 17-Shi, which became the [[A7M1 (NK9H)|A7M1]], officially flew for the first time on 6 May 1944, four years after development started. The aircraft demonstrated excellent handling and maneuverability, but was underpowered as Mitsubishi engineers feared, and with a top speed similar to the [[A6M5|A6M5 mod.52]]. It was a disappointment, and the Navy ordered development to stop on 30 July 1944, but Mitsubishi obtained permission for development to continue using the Ha-43 engine, flying with the completed Ha-43 on 13 October 1944. The [[A7M2]] now achieved a top speed of {{Annotation|339 kn|628 km/h; 390 mph}}, while climb and other areas of performance surpassed the Zero, leading the Navy to change its mind and adopt the ordered cancel. The [[A7M2]] was also equipped with automatic combat flaps, used earlier on the Kawanishi [[N1K (Family)|N1K-J]], significantly improving manoeuvrability. | Work on the 17-Shi was further delayed by factories prioritizing A6M and Mitsubishi G4M production as well as further work on A6M variants and addressing Raiden issues. As a result, the 17-Shi, which became the [[A7M1 (NK9H)|A7M1]], officially flew for the first time on 6 May 1944, four years after development started. The aircraft demonstrated excellent handling and maneuverability, but was underpowered as Mitsubishi engineers feared, and with a top speed similar to the [[A6M5|A6M5 mod.52]]. It was a disappointment, and the Navy ordered development to stop on 30 July 1944, but Mitsubishi obtained permission for development to continue using the Ha-43 engine, flying with the completed Ha-43 on 13 October 1944. The [[A7M2]] now achieved a top speed of {{Annotation|339 kn|628 km/h; 390 mph}}, while climb and other areas of performance surpassed the Zero, leading the Navy to change its mind and adopt the ordered cancel. The [[A7M2]] was also equipped with automatic combat flaps, used earlier on the Kawanishi [[N1K (Family)|N1K-J]], significantly improving manoeuvrability. | ||
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| + | The A7M2 Reppu "Strong Gale" was designed to replace the A6M series aircraft. Nicknamed the "Sam" by allied pilots. | ||
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| + | In 1940 the Japanese Navy requested a successor to be made for the A6M, the specifications were for an aircraft that was faster and could climb quicker to counteract against allied attacks with more ease. While still retaining the legendary manoeuvrability of the A6M. This provided an extreme contradiction of requirements as to make the plane faster would require an engine that was not built yet, it would be heavier and bigger than the A6M's "Nakajima NK1C Sakae-12" engine. Requiring the airframe of the A7M to be bigger and stronger to handle the increased weight. | ||
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| + | Calculations by Horikoshi's development team suggested that in order to have a climb rate and top speed needed by the Navy they would have to use a minimum of 2,000hp engine. This proved to be an exceptional challenge as the two engines which theoretically could develop this power were still under development. In 1944, 4 years after the start of the project the first A7M1 prototype was developed with the 2,000 hp "Nakajima Homare 22" engine. Unfortunately, due to the increased weight and drag of the airframe (to handle the heavy engine), the A7M1 could only achieve roughly 350mph (570kmh) and did not meet the climbing requirements. It did, however, meet all the manoeuvrability requirements. With an abundance of A6M series aircraft being manufactured, they did not see any need to start development of the A7M as it currently was. The Japanese Navy requested further development of the A7M, as the A6M was starting to show it's age. | ||
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| + | 3 more variants of the A7M would be designed, with the last variant A7M3-J sporting a 2,200 hp turbo-supercharged Mitsubishi Ha-43 engine. Unfortunately, this variant was never built into a prototype, it would have sported 6 x 30 mm Type 5 cannons. | ||
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| + | The last of the fully operational variants would be the A7M2 of only 8 were built. Equipped with a 2,200 hp Mitsubishi Ha-43, allowing for the plane to meet all criteria and exceed some criteria set by the Navy, the A7M2 was flight tested by Saburo Sakai one of Japans ACE pilots of the war. After the flight test, Sakai was extremely impressed with the A7M2. The Japanese Navy decided to develop the A7M2 as their main carrier-based fighter in late 1944. | ||
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| + | In late 1944 an earthquake strained the manufacturing of the A7M2 causing only 8 to be built. In early 1945, Allied bombings of Japans mainland lead to the destruction of the A7M plans. This ceased the development of the A7M2 and the plane would never see combat. Only a single A7M2 would be built in 1945 due to allied bombings. | ||
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| + | 10 A7M variants were built (including prototypes), with none surviving the war. | ||
| + | ==Media==--> | ||
{{AirManufacturer Mitsubishi}} | {{AirManufacturer Mitsubishi}} | ||
Revision as of 22:50, 29 September 2020
Description
The Mitsubishi A7M is a direct successor over the A6M in every regard, used by the Imperial Japanese Navy in World War II.
Nicknames being:
- ▅ - Reppū (烈風, Strong Wind)
- ▃ - Sam
Vehicles
Rank III
History
Very soon after the A6M2 mod.11 started entering the production phase in end-1940 the Japanese Navy already requested Mitsubishi to design a direct successor of the A6M which would be dubbed as the 16-shi. But at the time there was no viable high-output, compact engine for this new fighter and besides that Jiro Horikoshi's team who designed the A6M, were still occupied with engineering the A6M2 mod.21 and designing the 14-shi interceptor (which would later be known in service as the J2M), for these reasons Mitsubishi put the plans for a Zero-successor on hold in January of 1941.
Development
In April of 1942, development of the A6M3 mod.32 and J2M2 mod.11 were finished and the navy once again tasked Mitsubishi and Horikoshi's team to design a new zero successor dubbed this time as the 17-shi Ko (a). The Navy requirements for the 17-shi were as followed:
- Speed ≥ 345 kn above 6,000 m
- Climb rate ≥ 6,000 m in less than 6 minutes
- Armament = 2 x 20 mm and 2 x 13 mm
- Maneuverability ≥ A6M3
As before, one of the main hurdles was engine selection. To meet the specifications the engine would need to produce at least 2,000 hp (1,500 kW), which narrowed choices down to Nakajima's NK9 "Homare" (Ha-45), or Mitsubishi's MK9 (Ha-43); both engines still being under development. These engines were based on 14-cylinder (Nakajima NK1 "Sakae" (Ha-25) and Mitsubishi MK8 "Kinsei" (Ha-33), respectively) engines converted to 18-cylinder powerplants. The early NK9 had less output but was already approved by the Navy for use on the Yokosuka P1Y Ginga, while the larger MK9 promised more horsepower.
With the larger, more powerful engine compared to the A6M's, wing loading became an issue. The Navy requested at most 150 kg/m², but wanted 130 kg/m² which complicated design considerations further. With the NK9 it could achieve 150 kg/m2, but with the less power it would not meet the specifications for maximum speed. With the MK9 the engineers concluded it could fulfill the requirements; however, production of the MK9 was delayed compared to the NK9, and the Japanese Navy instructed Mitsubishi to use the NK9.
Work on the 17-Shi was further delayed by factories prioritizing A6M and Mitsubishi G4M production as well as further work on A6M variants and addressing Raiden issues. As a result, the 17-Shi, which became the A7M1, officially flew for the first time on 6 May 1944, four years after development started. The aircraft demonstrated excellent handling and maneuverability, but was underpowered as Mitsubishi engineers feared, and with a top speed similar to the A6M5 mod.52. It was a disappointment, and the Navy ordered development to stop on 30 July 1944, but Mitsubishi obtained permission for development to continue using the Ha-43 engine, flying with the completed Ha-43 on 13 October 1944. The A7M2 now achieved a top speed of 339 kn, while climb and other areas of performance surpassed the Zero, leading the Navy to change its mind and adopt the ordered cancel. The A7M2 was also equipped with automatic combat flaps, used earlier on the Kawanishi N1K-J, significantly improving manoeuvrability.
| Mitsubishi Company (三菱商会) | |
|---|---|
| Fighters | A5M4 · Hagiri's A5M4 |
| A6M2 mod. 11 · A6M2 · A6M3 · A6M3 mod. 22 · A6M3 mod. 22Ko · A6M5 · A6M5 Ko · A6M5 otsu · A6M5 Hei · A6M6c | |
| A7M1 (NK9H) · A7M2 | |
| J2M2 · J2M3 · J2M4 Kai · J2M5 · J2M5 (30 mm) | |
| Hydroplanes | F1M2 |
| Interceptors | Ki-83 · Ki-109 |
| Bombers | G4M1 |
| Ki-21-Ia · Ki-21-I hei · Ki-67-I Ko · Ki-67-I otsu | |
| Jet Fighters | Ki-200 |
| Captured | ▃A6M2 · ␗A6M2 |
| See also | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (Post-War) |
| Japan fighters | |
|---|---|
| Navy | |
| Carrier-based fighter | |
| A5M | A5M4 · Hagiri's A5M4 |
| A6M | A6M2 mod. 11 · A6M2 · A6M3 · A6M3 mod. 22 · A6M3 mod. 22Ko · A6M5 · A6M5 Ko · A6M5 otsu · A6M5 Hei · A6M6c |
| A7He | A7He1* |
| A7M | A7M1 (NK9H) · A7M2 |
| Land-based Fighter | |
| J2M | J2M2 · J2M3 · J2M4 Kai · J2M5 · J2M5 (30 mm) |
| J6K | J6K1 |
| J7W | J7W1 |
| N1K-J | N1K1-Ja · N1K2-J · N1K2-Ja |
| Fighter seaplane | |
| N1K | N1K1 |
| A6M-N | A6M2-N |
| Army | |
| Ki-10 | Ki-10-I · Ki-10-I C · Ki-10-II · Ki-10-II C |
| Ki-27 | Ki-27 otsu · Ki-27 otsu Tachiarai |
| Ki-43 | Ki-43-I · Ki-43-II · Ki-43-III otsu |
| Ki-44 | Ki-44-I · Ki-44-I 34 · Ki-44-II otsu · Ki-44-II hei |
| Ki-61 | Ki-61-I ko · Ki-61-I otsu · Ki-61-I hei · Tada's Ki-61-I hei · Ki-61-I tei · Ki-61-II Otsu Kai |
| Ki-84 | Ki-84 ko · Ki-84 otsu · Ki-84 hei |
| Ki-87 | Ki-87 |
| Ki-94 | Ki-94-II |
| Ki-100 | Ki-100 · Ki-100-II |
| Other countries | ▅F4U-1A · ▅P-51C-11-NT · ▅Bf 109 E-7 · ▅Fw 190 A-5 |
| *Imported designation of the He 112 (A6M was in development - A7M would take A7 designation after the cancelation of the A7He) | |
