Difference between revisions of "Tornado F.3"
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --> | <!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --> | ||
| − | The introduction of the Panavia Tornado F.3 marked an enduring chapter in the annals of the Royal Air Force, leaving an indelible impact from its debut in the late 1970s through its operational legacy well into the new millennium. The Tornado F.3's sophisticated air-to-air weaponry and radar systems were prominently showcased, exemplifying its adaptability during its role as a vital guardian of British airspace during the Gulf War and beyond. As the new millennium dawned, the Tornado F.3 continued to play a crucial part in coalition endeavours, most notably supporting various NATO missions and contributing to peacekeeping efforts in the Balkans. Its legacy stretches beyond its operational significance, serving as a testament to the RAF's unwavering dedication to advanced aerial tactics and strategic air power projection throughout its service history. | + | The introduction of the Panavia '''Tornado F.3''' marked an enduring chapter in the annals of the Royal Air Force, leaving an indelible impact from its debut in the late 1970s through its operational legacy well into the new millennium. The Tornado F.3's sophisticated air-to-air weaponry and radar systems were prominently showcased, exemplifying its adaptability during its role as a vital guardian of British airspace during the Gulf War and beyond. As the new millennium dawned, the Tornado F.3 continued to play a crucial part in coalition endeavours, most notably supporting various NATO missions and contributing to peacekeeping efforts in the Balkans. Its legacy stretches beyond its operational significance, serving as a testament to the RAF's unwavering dedication to advanced aerial tactics and strategic air power projection throughout its service history. |
| − | It was introduced in [[Update "Sky Guardians"]]. Diverging from the [[Tornado GR.1|GR.1]] variant, the Panavia Tornado assumes the role of a fighter-interceptor in its F.3 version. Designed with a focus on air | + | It was introduced in [[Update "Sky Guardians"]]. Diverging from the [[Tornado GR.1|GR.1]] variant, the Panavia Tornado assumes the role of a fighter-interceptor in its F.3 version. Designed with a focus on air superiority, this aircraft boasts an array of impressive missile capabilities, positioning itself as a formidable adversary against airborne threats. Equipped with advanced missile systems including the AIM-9L Sidewinder and Skyflash SuperTEMP, the Tornado F.3 is primed to excel in modern aerial combat scenarios. The AIM-9L Sidewinder enhances its close-range combat capabilities, providing a potent tool for engaging agile opponents at short distances. Meanwhile, the Skyflash SuperTEMP missile system elevates its long-range engagement potential, enabling the Tornado F.3 to neutralize even the most sophisticated and distant enemy aircraft with precision and efficacy. With these sophisticated missile technologies at its disposal, the Tornado F.3 confidently stands as a vigilant guardian of the skies, ready to swiftly and effectively counter any potential airborne intrusion. |
== General info == | == General info == | ||
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<!-- ''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.'' --> | <!-- ''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.'' --> | ||
| − | The Tornado is a variable wing sweep plane, meaning it can adapt the wings to the current speed to avoid structural failure or extreme performance loss. Wing sweep is controlled automatically | + | The Tornado is a variable wing sweep plane, meaning it can adapt the wings to the current speed to avoid structural failure or extreme performance loss. Wing sweep is controlled automatically unless the pilot forces manual controls. Flaps can only be used at up to 20% wing sweep (on automatic controls at 780-900 km/h depending on if the plane is currently accelerating or not, on manual the wings can sustain up to about 1,070 km/h) and will automatically fold when the wings are swept back (meaning you don't have to think about doing it yourself). |
| − | + | Flying the plane in manual mode is not recommended at all, regardless of the pilot's opinion and ego, since the autopilot always aims for maximum mobility, while trying to keep wings strictly below 90% critical overload speed to protect the plane from destroying itself, which is extremely hard to outperform. Manual "optimization" will not even do any good without seeing certain plane parameters, that aren't provided by the in-game UI. Even folding wings during liftoff is pointless, as the plane takes off better when wings are fully unswept, which is their default state. | |
| − | The | + | The plane will remember the last used manual wing sweep % when the pilot sets the wing mode back to automatic, which allows to preemptively "order" the plane to unsweep back into 20% wing mode upon return to manual controls and then use flaps if the autopilot is being difficult and doesn't cooperate. Do note that even if the game UI says that the wing sweep is "20%", the sweep angle may be a fraction above 20% and the wings will refuse to deploy combat flaps. Before turning autopilot back on at the airfield, double-check if the combat flaps can be used at your current wing sweep angle. Remember to always set the wing controls back to automatic immediately after doing any complicated manoeuvre, as it is easy to forget about the wing angle when it's not a focus of the pilot's attention, resulting in sudden catastrophic wing damage. |
| − | + | The afterburner is extremely inefficient and will easily consume 45 minutes of fuel whereas other planes could get away with 15. Fortunately, 45 minutes is enough to reach the enemy on most maps, deal with them, and then fly back without afterburner with about 6 minutes left. The plane does not overheat from prolonged afterburner flight, at least not until it runs out of normal fuel load. The afterburner ''does not'' increase the plane's turn rate unlike with other planes, instead, it helps to keep its current speed in a turn and is kept online to force the plane to stay in one of its general speed states. | |
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| + | The roll rate of the plane is mediocre. Installation of improved boosters improves roll on this plane, and allows it to turn significantly faster, but removes safety restrictions, which may allow the pilot to snap the wings by pulling and rolling simultaneously despite best autopilot efforts, so it is up to the user if they want to deal with this or not. | ||
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| + | The wing sweep, upgrades, height, momentum, and general speed of the plane heavily affect its turning rate. Even the player's control scheme can affect how efficiently the plane turns. It is ill-advised to commit to prolonged turn fights with enemies without remembering how it works first, as the plane has a poor acceleration rate. In general, a fully trained pilot with a G-suit should not suffer any fatigue at all and only the plane's energy state should matter. The reverse thrust can be used to slow down without cutting the afterburner and to make autopilot understand that the pilot is planning to turn. Here are general plane performance levels with improved boosters installed: | ||
| − | + | # The full turn time of 28 seconds from the stat card is implied for a fully folded, fully modified Tornado going at near maximum speed at about 300 m height. Some weight in the form of missiles or fuel may increase the turn time by a second, but it is usually irrelevant due to how fast the engines burn fuel. The plane will not outturn anything, but it will not self-destruct in a dive either. Tornado F.3 will lose a lot of speed when turning horizontally in this state, while technically not losing anything in a hard pull followed by a dive. | |
| + | # By decreasing the speed to 1070 km/h the plane can reduce its turning circle to 24-22 seconds. The autopilot will try to change the wing sweep to about 40%, which is better than 20% with flaps at this point (even though it's technically possible to use). The plane will no longer lose speed in a horizontal turn if the plane is using an afterburner. While this state allows one to immediately chase something upon detection, this is not a good state to have a turn fight with and reverse thrust is required to move onto the next state. | ||
| + | # By decreasing the speed to ~780 km/h, but not below 700 km/h (use of the afterburner is imperative at this point) the wings can be unswept out and the plane will achieve 21 seconds turn rate. The use of combat flaps will shave 2 more seconds off, allowing to achieve a 19-second turn rate. If the player uses relative controls, simply pulling the plane "up" to the side should net an 18-second turn rate by default. At this point, the plane can outturn the [[Phantom FGR.2]] and any attacker, but most dedicated fighters can still outturn Tornado, at least short term. | ||
| + | # By performing a set of complicated manoeuvres and forcing gravity to speed up the turn of a plane and by abusing the afterburner to keep the momentum, the Tornado F.3 can reduce the turn time down to a consistent 18-16 seconds. At this rate, the plane will start suffering extreme overload of 8G and even a fully trained and experienced pilot might start to slowly pass out, depending on how the plane entered the current spin. An expert pilot can tolerate up to about 17 seconds of turn rate with mild stamina drain. Only an ace pilot can tolerate a 16-second turn rate at all. Most hostile fighters can have a temporary turn rate of 15-13 seconds, but this will drain all of their speed and their pilots will pass out immediately if they make a mistake or try to keep this up, whereas Tornado F.3 can turn like this for at least 40 seconds or for as long as it has fuel. | ||
| + | <!-- If someone can do this consistently and explain how to do it shortly, please do.--> | ||
| − | + | This Tornado version is often mildly faster than the bomber versions due to not carrying an additional cannon and is more stable than the German Tornados. It also does not pose such a high risk of snapping wings due to missiles having negligible weight compared to bombs. | |
| − | + | Maximum speed at ground level in folded wing mode is 1,500 km/h, at which point the plane will start to shake and might break up, but to reach such speed the plane generally must dive from at least 4 km altitude, and have afterburner on to retain it. Without the help of gravity, the plane can fly at around 1,300 km/h with an afterburner on. Even then, minor flight direction corrections will reduce average speed. Without afterburner, the plane generally tends to unfold itself and flies at around 1,100 km/h or less. | |
| − | + | The minimal speed is 330 km/h, at which the plane will glide forward with minimal height and speed loss. This can be exploited to minimize pulse-Doppler interference on radar or to survive for as long as feasible with engines off when swarmed by IR missiles. This also implies that the plane can glide over significant distances even without engines. The engines turn on in about 10 seconds and it takes a while for engine thrust to overtake gravity, so it must be turned on before the plane is about to crash due to loss of all energy, not as it already happens. | |
| − | + | The plane does not have a drag chute, but it can use reverse thrust with an afterburner on to slow down and stop. A hard landing is feasible at 500 km/h, upon landing and stopping the engines can be simply shut off to prevent the plane from beginning to accelerate backwards. | |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%" | ||
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<!-- ''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.'' --> | <!-- ''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.'' --> | ||
| − | The Tornado's fuselage inherits the general sturdiness of the Jaguar, so it can | + | The Tornado's fuselage inherits the general sturdiness of the Jaguar, so it can survive a rough landing at 600 km/h and will in general sustain damage without falling apart. Occasionally, the plane will survive explosions of small missiles, though this will severely reduce flight performance and should be avoided. |
| − | The wings tend to snap after taking a direct hit with explosives. Depending on severity of overall wing damage, the plane might | + | The wings tend to snap after taking a direct hit with explosives. Depending on the severity of overall wing damage, the plane might continue to fly with half a wing or lose all semblance of control and spiral into the ground. Loss of the tail is fatal and recovery after that is impossible. |
The engines are tightly packed and tend to be destroyed together, but sometimes one of them remains functional. | The engines are tightly packed and tend to be destroyed together, but sometimes one of them remains functional. | ||
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The Tornado F.3 does not have any armour plates within the plane, most of the plane's central fuselage contains self-sealing fuel tanks. Having too much fuel fills the wings with fuel as well. This means the Tornado F.3 is very likely to catch fire if hit by enemy rounds or missiles, especially in the engine area. EFS is available that could potentially save the aircraft in the case of an engine fire. | The Tornado F.3 does not have any armour plates within the plane, most of the plane's central fuselage contains self-sealing fuel tanks. Having too much fuel fills the wings with fuel as well. This means the Tornado F.3 is very likely to catch fire if hit by enemy rounds or missiles, especially in the engine area. EFS is available that could potentially save the aircraft in the case of an engine fire. | ||
| − | Tornado F.3 can carry a lot of countermeasures on its wings and it has several large countermeasures as a last resort on its hull. Unfortunately, it is impossible to separate | + | Tornado F.3 can carry a lot of countermeasures on its wings and it has several large countermeasures as a last resort on its hull. Unfortunately, it is impossible to separate load-outs and controls for either countermeasure type, the large ones are used last after the small ones run out. The Tornado's afterburners run rather hot, and only 2 small flares are actually fired each time, so it is still recommended to briefly drop back to military power when attempting to flare off incoming IR missiles. |
| − | Another use for the excessive countermeasure count is to become semi-immune to ARH missiles by spamming chaff every 5 seconds while flying high in the sky, if pilot does not want to go down to the ground or to think about this threat at all. This seriously messes with missiles such as the Phoenix, though the periodic chaff release must be kept on through the entire flight, and it is not recommended to fly directly at them, otherwise the missile can reacquire the lock again. This does not do anything to CW SARH missiles guided by pulse-Doppler radars, and any actual missile lock alerts are not to be ignored. | + | The large quantity of countermeasures allows fire flares every 0.5 seconds for a long time to survive when entering hectic airspace and allows missiles from surprise enemy aircraft to be "pre-flared". Setting periodic flare dispensers to this exact fire rate also makes hostile AIM-9M nearly harmless, as it will be permanently blinded the very moment it is fired at the plane and will not reach it as long as the pilot moves around at all. Adding chaff into the mix will render the majority of attackers and fighter-bombers unable to use radar against Tornado F.3, at least from behind. |
| + | |||
| + | Another use for the excessive countermeasure count is to become semi-immune to ARH missiles by spamming chaff every 5 seconds while flying high in the sky, if the pilot does not want to go down to the ground or to think about this threat at all. This seriously messes with missiles such as the Phoenix, though the periodic chaff release must be kept on through the entire flight, and it is not recommended to fly directly at them, otherwise, the missile can reacquire the lock again. This does not do anything to CW SARH missiles guided by pulse-Doppler radars, and any actual missile lock alerts are not to be ignored. | ||
=== Modifications and economy === | === Modifications and economy === | ||
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* 32 x large calibre countermeasures | * 32 x large calibre countermeasures | ||
| − | The main cannon is filled with APHE as main ammunition in all | + | The main cannon is filled with APHE as main ammunition in all load-outs, so it is good at causing plane fires and destroying lightly armoured targets, including light pillboxes or tanks. The gun can destroy howitzers in 3-4 hits from 3 km away, which is decent considering the low ammunition count. |
| − | The gun can receive gun radar assist at about 1.5 km range. In this mode, the gun pointer demonstrates what the shells will intercept, all pilot has to do is to fire and "slice" enemy plane hull with the gun pointer while doing so. | + | The gun can receive gun radar assist at about 1.5 km range. In this mode, the gun pointer demonstrates what the shells will intercept, all the pilot has to do is to fire and "slice" the enemy plane hull with the gun pointer while doing so. The accuracy of the gun radar is about 80% and it is very reliable even against wiggling enemy planes within ground interference and despite the low fire rate of a gun, making it superior to radar missiles during ground-level fights. |
=== Suspended armament === | === Suspended armament === | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! [[Skyflash]] missiles | ! [[Skyflash]] missiles | ||
| − | | || || 4 || || | + | | || || 2, 4 || || |
|- | |- | ||
! [[Skyflash SuperTEMP]] missiles | ! [[Skyflash SuperTEMP]] missiles | ||
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* 2 x 330 gal drop tanks | * 2 x 330 gal drop tanks | ||
| − | * 2 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles | + | * 2 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles + 2 x Skyflash missiles |
* 4 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles + 320 x countermeasures | * 4 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles + 320 x countermeasures | ||
* 4 x Skyflash missiles | * 4 x Skyflash missiles | ||
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{{Navigation-End}} | {{Navigation-End}} | ||
| − | The Tornado F.3 only gets to carry missiles as weapons, and the choice is rather | + | The Tornado F.3 only gets to carry missiles as weapons, and the choice is rather straightforward, as they come in separate groups with direct upgrades. |
| − | AIM-9L can be utilized as a "parry" missile, as it gets agitated by any enemy missiles and will try to hit them instead of enemy plane if they fire anything. Otherwise it is sometimes useful against similar variable wing planes, in attacks from behind, or if the enemy is unaware or forgets to flare (quite uncommon at rank VII). Tornado F.3 can utilize "TWS" radar mode to slave and fire the 9L at multiple planes without changing flight direction. | + | AIM-9L can be utilized as a "parry" missile, as it gets agitated by any enemy missiles and will try to hit them instead of an enemy plane if they fire anything. Otherwise, it is sometimes useful against similar variable wing planes, in attacks from behind, or if the enemy is unaware or forgets to flare (quite uncommon at rank VII). Tornado F.3 can utilize "TWS" radar mode to slave and fire the 9L at multiple planes without changing flight direction. |
| − | The Skyflashes are the same as those used on Phantom FGR.2 and FG.1. The main advantage is that they can be launched at ridiculous angles and still manage to acquire the lock, then they turn towards the enemy right after launch without wasting time. This combines well with the "look up" and "wide" ACM radar mode, as the plane is often forced to ground level without even being able to pull the nose up by other radar missiles. In general, these missiles can acquire anything within 30 degrees of the plane nose, better if the target is below the plane (radar scope can be checked to see how many degrees above or below the nose is the selected target). | + | The Skyflashes are the same as those used on Phantom FGR.2 and FG.1. The main advantage is that they can be launched at ridiculous angles and still manage to acquire the lock, and then they turn towards the enemy right after launch without wasting time. This combines well with the "look up" and "wide" ACM radar mode, as the plane is often forced to ground level without even being able to pull the nose up by other radar missiles. In general, these missiles can acquire anything within 30 degrees of the plane's nose, better if the target is below the plane (radar scope can be checked to see how many degrees above or below the nose is the selected target). |
| − | Skyflash SuperTEMP modification is slightly better than normal Skyflash in every regard, but the most notable difference is that upgraded missiles are far less prone to randomly lose track of the target (and then self-destruct as a result) when launched to the side. While SuperTEMP doesn't reach [[SRAAM]] level of reliability and can be | + | Skyflash SuperTEMP modification is slightly better than normal Skyflash in every regard, but the most notable difference is that upgraded missiles are far less prone to randomly lose track of the target (and then self-destruct as a result) when launched to the side. While SuperTEMP doesn't reach [[SRAAM]] level of reliability and can be out stalled in a SARH duel, it can casually intercept planes at 2.5 to 8 km ranges if they dare to leave the ground protection. |
== Usage in battles == | == Usage in battles == | ||
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --> | <!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --> | ||
| − | The Tornado F.3 is outclassed by higher tier aircraft, and is heavily dependent on its weaponry and avionics to be competitive. | + | The Tornado F.3 is very powerful at its own BR, but is outclassed by higher-tier aircraft, and is heavily dependent on its weaponry and avionics to be competitive. |
| − | During the early grind, AIM-9Ls and the radar assisted gun are the only options, meaning that you have to stay at ground level (about 20-30 m above ground) to avoid being instantly obliterated by SARH missiles. Try to stick to the flat ground, and if that is impossible, try to "dive" into the openings instead of going over them, as you will momentarily lose ground echo protection. | + | During the early grind, AIM-9Ls and the radar-assisted gun are the only options, meaning that you have to stay at ground level (about 20-30 m above ground) to avoid being instantly obliterated by SARH missiles. Try to stick to the flat ground, and if that is impossible, try to "dive" into the openings instead of going over them, as you will momentarily lose ground echo protection. |
| − | This makes early Tornado F.3 gameplay that of a "first encounter" plane - simply be there first and cause as much chaos as you can before enemy gets you, so your team can finish them off, or flank enemy team from the side and hope they did not notice you approaching. The gun scope does not care about "ground echo" that | + | This makes early Tornado F.3 gameplay that of a "first encounter" plane - simply be there first and cause as much chaos as you can before the enemy gets you, so your team can finish them off, or flank the enemy team from the side and hope they did not notice you approaching. The gun scope does not care about "ground echo" that destroys radar missiles, so you can easily snipe your opponents in head-on. Even if all you do is cause some fires, this will spell doom for the enemy plane, as they can be easily cleaned up by teammates. |
| − | A lot of planes that stick to the ground carry AIM-9Ls or R-60 variants, so turn afterburner off before actually engaging enemy planes and fire some flares while you go at them, especially at 900 m range and when pulling over hills. | + | A lot of planes that stick to the ground carry AIM-9Ls or R-60 variants, so turn the afterburner off before actually engaging enemy planes and fire some flares while you go at them, especially at 900 m range and when pulling over hills. Pre-flaring will also make point-blank R-60M hits less likely to happen. |
In general, while grinding upgrades, try to learn how the plane radar operates. It is much more tolerant to speed differences than the "Phantom" radar and has more utility modes. Every normal mode marks allies as allies on your radar display and tries to skip them to avoid friendly fire. It has 4 standard modes and 3 ACM modes. | In general, while grinding upgrades, try to learn how the plane radar operates. It is much more tolerant to speed differences than the "Phantom" radar and has more utility modes. Every normal mode marks allies as allies on your radar display and tries to skip them to avoid friendly fire. It has 4 standard modes and 3 ACM modes. | ||
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* Pulse-Doppler range-based mode is the default and is the least useful to Tornado F.3 mode in terms of additional information. Pulse-Doppler is immune to chaff. Used when locking on by default. | * Pulse-Doppler range-based mode is the default and is the least useful to Tornado F.3 mode in terms of additional information. Pulse-Doppler is immune to chaff. Used when locking on by default. | ||
| − | * TWS, which is a pulse-Doppler mode that allows to continuously scan a certain direction without actually locking onto it. This is the most useful scout mode, as you can set radar range to 96 km while taking off and it will immediately soft-lock and "stick" itself to enemy players that are just taking off from their airfield, so you know where they went. Upon reaching 50 km range you can use TWS to guess if enemy fired any long range missiles yet (they are quite visible in 39 km mode, usually it is a faint dot next to originating plane with a much longer "speed" line, flying at 1,100 m/s when selected). Tends to be inaccurate until actual lock is enforced, but can be used to fire AIM-9L | + | * TWS, which is a pulse-Doppler mode that allows one to continuously scan a certain direction without actually locking onto it. This is the most useful scout mode, as you can set radar range to 96 km while taking off and it will immediately soft-lock and "stick" itself to enemy players that are just taking off from their airfield, so you know where they went. Upon reaching 50 km range you can use TWS to guess if the enemy fired any long-range missiles yet (they are quite visible in 39 km mode, usually it is a faint dot next to the originating plane with a much longer "speed" line, flying at 1,100 m/s when selected). Tends to be inaccurate until the actual lock is enforced, but can be used to fire AIM-9L by "selecting" targets without actually locking onto them (high-level players spam flares upon receiving radar lock just to be safe). |
| − | * Pulse-Doppler speed based mode - alternate radar mode that shows relative speed of enemy planes instead of range. Also demonstrates the dead zone of the pulse-Doppler, allowing you to gauge if it will be easy for current target to lose your radar lock and counter a Skyflash that way. | + | * Pulse-Doppler speed-based mode - alternate radar mode that shows the relative speed of enemy planes instead of range. Also demonstrates the dead zone of the pulse-Doppler, allowing you to gauge if it will be easy for the current target to lose your radar lock and counter a Skyflash that way. |
| − | * Search - basic radar mode. Tends to wiggle and lock onto everyone around current target, not immune to chaff and is often bad (though not useless) at and especially against low altitudes. Does not have a speed dead zone unlike pulse-Doppler. Locking while using it will use "normal" lock as well. | + | * Search - basic radar mode. Tends to wiggle and lock onto everyone around the current target, is not immune to chaff and is often bad (though not useless) at and especially against low altitudes. Does not have a speed dead zone, unlike pulse-Doppler. Locking while using it will use a "normal" lock as well. |
| − | ACM does not have IFF and will lock onto everything and anything that goes into the radar scope. You can swap between "pulse-doppler" and "normal" ACM if one or another does not work on your current target, but upon lock loss the PD mode will be activated again by default. There are 3 scope types to choose from: | + | ACM does not have IFF and will lock onto everything and anything that goes into the radar scope. You can swap between "pulse-doppler" and "normal" ACM if one or another does not work on your current target, but upon lock loss, the PD mode will be activated again by default. There are 3 scope types to choose from: |
| − | * Normal small square - same as with every plane, primarily used when going into intense fight with teammates involved, as otherwise it is very easy to attack wrong target. | + | * Normal small square - same as with every plane, primarily used when going into an intense fight with teammates involved, as otherwise, it is very easy to attack the wrong target. |
| − | * Wide square - general use scope for ground level fights, allows you to lock onto anything that you can realistically target with a gun, with some additional reach above and below you for missiles. | + | * Wide square - general use scope for ground-level fights, allows you to lock onto anything that you can realistically target with a gun, with some additional reach above and below you for missiles. |
| − | * Look-up - mode that specifically looks in a thin line 31-60 degrees above you. | + | * Look-up - mode that specifically looks in a thin line 31-60 degrees above you. Usually used to lock onto planes above the plane, but can also be used both at ground level and in the sky by rolling the plane if you want to target something on the side or below. |
| − | One of the most important features of the Tornado F.3's radar is that, even while locked on, you can swap between pulse-doppler and normal lock without breaking it. Even if your target "notches" (goes perpendicular to you), you can temporarily swap to normal tracking mode to continue guiding the Skyflash. You can even save the lock that is already "blinking" if you are fast enough. Remember to swap back to pulse-Doppler after the dead-zone window | + | One of the most important features of the Tornado F.3's radar is that, even while locked on, you can swap between pulse-doppler and normal lock without breaking it. Even if your target "notches" (goes perpendicular to you), you can temporarily swap to normal tracking mode to continue guiding the Skyflash. You can even save the lock that is already "blinking" if you are fast enough. Remember to swap back to pulse-Doppler after the dead-zone window has passed, as normal search mode tends to throw the missile around, which reduces its speed severely. |
| − | + | While it may be very boring and annoying, it is important to do certain chores that come with this plane to do better as Skyflash and more upgrades get unlocked. Settings of ACM and manual wing sweep reset every respawn and they are very important, so first quickly set up the radar, as ACM shouldn't be able to lock onto allied planes still parked on the airfield within the first 10-15 seconds of a round, then quickly set up the wing sweep, if you want to. | |
| − | + | After setting up, climbing high up to use TWS and scout out the enemy team, then falling back down is generally the best move, as it generally doesn't cost you any lost opportunities. Instead, depending on BR and team composition, you can and will save lives, particularly those of allied attackers. Even by typing something like "from our perspective: 1 of them went far left, 4 left, 5 middle, 2 far right, 3 of them high in the sky, 2 super late planes going middle" in the chat you can let your allies figure out the rest using their game knowledge. This is particularly effective if you are fighting on your own BR or in a downtier, where nobody else has radar of such reach. Even if you do not feel particularly enthusiastic about working as AWACS for others for free (since the game itself does not acknowledge air reconnaissance as a thing), remember that Tornado F.3 is not an invincible fighter on its own and having more teammates survive due to them being able to make an informed decision might indirectly save you as well. | |
| − | + | At lower BRs, you can outrange pretty much anyone even with normal Skyflash missiles and most likely will obliterate any [[MiG-21 (Family)|MiG-21]],[[F-5C]] and other old planes. The Skyflash SuperTEMPs are very potent and make Tornado F.3 more or less on par with the [[MiG-23MLD]], but these missiles are not good against the [[AIM-7F Sparrow]]s. Your biggest challenge will be F-4J/S with their AIM-7Fs and PDV radars. You have a fair chance of spotting and locking them first, given your superior radar, but this doesn't mean you have the advantage, as the AIM-7F will out-speed the Skyflash SuperTEMP at long range. If a missile joust must be started at a high altitude, try to delay the launch of the enemy missile until a close distance (lower than around 8 km) as in those ranges the Skyflash will out-speed the AIM-7F and the kill will be secured as long as you don't fly in their face. | |
| − | The | + | The Skyflash is not an effective weapon against the [[R-27ER]] or the [[Matra Super 530D]] at all. In an uptier, you want to stay at ground level after initial scouting and your prime targets are unsuspecting targets 4-9 km away heading generally towards you. You can also use radar missiles from behind targets that try to pull away at ranges of 1.5 km or so, due to the high tolerance of Tornado pulse-Doppler radar, which is ironically reinforced through simultaneously amazing and poor energy retention of the plane itself. The slower the Tornado goes, the harder it is to lose pulse-Doppler lock by flying away from it and the plane is extremely unlikely to crash even when stalled to the minimum speed, while also being very likely to be in this situation due to how poorly it turns sometimes. |
| − | + | If not hanging at ground level, avoid entering and staying in the furball as then you will likely have many missiles shot at you, combined with the Tornado's poor manoeuvrability that means almost certain death. Instead, lock up head-on targets using ACM mode then fire off a Skyflash at your enemy, if they also launch a missile at you, try to enter the dead zone of their radar as fast as you can while releasing flares and chaff, or immediately drop to the ground (lower than 30 metres). If the enemy starts to notch your radar, switch the radar mode from PD HDN to standard search as it'll be immune to notching, though it may not work if you are above or in front of a mountain (due to general ground clutter) or enemy is spamming chaff. Another option is to lock up the enemy with radar but fire off an AIM-9L instead, then continue to behave as if you fired a radar missile. Sometimes this will confuse the enemy into not releasing flares as they will believe that you fired a Skyflash instead of an AIM-9L, though at long range most people will try to flare at least once before starting to panic. | |
| − | Avoid pulling negative Gs in the Tornado F.3. As with most British planes and many top tier planes, the negative G performance of the Tornado is poor. Unlike the British [[Phantom FGR.2|Phantoms]], your wings are not sturdy enough to sustain negative Gs even for a few seconds, often snapping as soon as you put your nose down if you equipped "new boosters". The Tornado is generally an unstable aircraft and prone to flat spinning as soon as the wing falls off, so don't expect to get back to base once you've lost a wing. Rolling with boosters can easily make the Tornado snap its wings. When in a turn, refrain from rolling in a -2G+ turn or else there is a good chance you may | + | Avoid dogfighting, especially if the enemy is already on your tail. You have no real advantages against your opponent unless they are already badly crippled with large sections of their wings/tail missing. If you are still supersonic and are being chased, get a teammate to cover your back or run back to the airfield. Try and fly in a straight line given that folded Tornado will bleed speed in any sort of turn manoeuvre, but also keep an eye out for potential IR missiles or at least turn on periodic flare release. |
| + | |||
| + | If you have no choice, simultaneously pull up and use the afterburner with reverse thrust to slow down to optimal speed levels of about 800-900 km/h then stabilize the plane and drop into a horizontal turn while disabling reverse thrust and using combat flaps (order the wings to unsweep manually if the plane doesn't do it, then return them into autopilot mode). If the manoeuvre is executed properly, you will have the maximum possible turn rate, while only suffering 7-8 G overload. If the enemy hasn't already obliterated you as we are setting up, drain your opponent by flying in circles - a lot of other planes have to sacrifice a lot of speed to keep spinning after you, which will eventually put them into equal or worse turn rate than you (since you don't really lose speed anymore, but they most likely do), or at least put an 11+ G overload on their pilot, making them G-lock after a few seconds. While spinning, use "look up" ACM mode and fish for any opening - as soon as the radar display says that the enemy plane is within 28 degrees of your nose, 9L or SuperTemp will have a high chance of removing your opponent, fire immediately if there are no friendlies involved. If pulse-doppler ACM has problems with picking up your opponent, switch to normal SRC ACM. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Remember, the Tornado F.3 likes to fly predictable, straight paths and makes very predictable manoeuvres, like the aforementioned flying in circles. Although a plane won't ever make a good pilot blackout, it can't sacrifice speed to make a snappy turn, or suddenly gain a second wind like the MiG-23. Any enemy with an ounce of situational awareness will easily be able to keep tabs on you with no effort whatsoever, even if they can't keep up flying in circles after you for one reason or another. Even if you manage to drain your current opponents, anyone else can easily intervene. You also can't make unpredictable manoeuvres and sneak up on people given your overall lack of acceleration and mobility in any direction other than forward and up, so all you can do is endure and hope that you have enough fuel. This makes it hard to employ your AIM-9Ls or your guns in a turn fight, given it is very difficult to stick to an opponent's tail for a good rear aspect shot. However, you will still find the AIM-9L to be a very consistent weapon and a good close-to-mid-range missile. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Avoid pulling negative Gs in the Tornado F.3. As with most British planes and many top-tier planes, the negative G performance of the Tornado is poor. Unlike the British [[Phantom FGR.2|Phantoms]], your wings are not sturdy enough to sustain negative Gs even for a few seconds, often snapping as soon as you put your nose down if you equipped "new boosters". The Tornado is generally an unstable aircraft and prone to flat spinning as soon as the wing falls off, so don't expect to get back to base once you've lost a wing. Rolling too much with boosters can easily make the Tornado snap its wings. When in a turn, refrain from rolling in a -2G+ turn or else there is a good chance you may lose one or both wings. You may not have the controllability to recover and you may go into an uncontrollable spin depending on how violently you were rolling. | ||
==== Countering common radar missiles ==== | ==== Countering common radar missiles ==== | ||
| − | * [[AIM-7F Sparrow|AIM-7F]]/[[AIM-7M Sparrow|M]]. Your Skyflash SuperTEMP will be faster than these missiles when under 6-8 km, above that distance, the AIM-7F/M will be faster | + | * [[AIM-7F Sparrow|AIM-7F]]/[[AIM-7M Sparrow|M]]. Your Skyflash SuperTEMP will be faster than these missiles when under 6-8 km, above that distance, the AIM-7F/M will be faster, so it's better to avoid being locked at long-range |
* [[R-27ER]]/[[R-27ER1|ER1]]. This missile will outperform the Skyflash SuperTEMP in every way, the only possible way to shoot down a MiG-29 or Yak-141 in the missile joust is to fire first, attempt to parry their missile with 9L before attacking, or try to go into their radar blind spot by notching, going next to the ground or at least going below the enemy plane, because their radars have worse tracking angles below (45° versus 60° of the Tornado F.3) | * [[R-27ER]]/[[R-27ER1|ER1]]. This missile will outperform the Skyflash SuperTEMP in every way, the only possible way to shoot down a MiG-29 or Yak-141 in the missile joust is to fire first, attempt to parry their missile with 9L before attacking, or try to go into their radar blind spot by notching, going next to the ground or at least going below the enemy plane, because their radars have worse tracking angles below (45° versus 60° of the Tornado F.3) | ||
| − | * [[Matra Super 530D]]. At close range, the Skyflash SuperTEMP has better acceleration and will eventually | + | * [[Matra Super 530D]]. At close range, the Skyflash SuperTEMP has better acceleration and will eventually outrange the Matra Super 530D. |
| − | * [[Aspide-1A]]. Very fast | + | * [[Aspide-1A]]. Very fast missiles, but the carriers of these missiles either have weak flight performance (F-104S.ASA) or weak radar (J-8B). The Skyflash SuperTEMP will also outrange the Aspide-1A. |
| − | * [[AIM-54A Phoenix]]. These missiles have a lot of range, generally produce no missile alerts and are self-sufficient, however it's very easy to notice the incoming missile on TWS radar display and simply notch it. Long range launch can be countered by periodic chaff release (once in 5 seconds should work). | + | * [[AIM-54A Phoenix]]. These missiles have a lot of range, generally produce no missile alerts and are self-sufficient, however, it's very easy to notice the incoming missile on the TWS radar display and simply notch it. Long-range launch can be countered by periodic chaff release (once in 5 seconds should work). |
=== Pros and cons === | === Pros and cons === | ||
| Line 278: | Line 294: | ||
* Has a lot of countermeasures, including large-calibre ones | * Has a lot of countermeasures, including large-calibre ones | ||
* Can carry 8 air-to-air missiles at once | * Can carry 8 air-to-air missiles at once | ||
| − | ** [[Skyflash SuperTEMP]] are effective SARH missiles in | + | ** [[Skyflash SuperTEMP]] are effective SARH missiles in close to medium-range |
** Potent all-aspect heat-seeking [[AIM-9L Sidewinder|AIM-9L]] missiles, though everyone is aware of it | ** Potent all-aspect heat-seeking [[AIM-9L Sidewinder|AIM-9L]] missiles, though everyone is aware of it | ||
* Has radar gunsight that is immune to ground echo interference | * Has radar gunsight that is immune to ground echo interference | ||
* Advanced radar for its BR | * Advanced radar for its BR | ||
| − | ** Includes TWS that indicates direction of enemy | + | ** Includes TWS that indicates the direction of the enemy |
** PD radar has IFF mode | ** PD radar has IFF mode | ||
** Higher PD speed threshold than all rank VII and many rank VIII planes | ** Higher PD speed threshold than all rank VII and many rank VIII planes | ||
| − | * Can carry drop tanks to extend range | + | * Can carry drop tanks to extend the range and compensate for its intense fuel consumption |
* Has reverse thrust to reduce landing distance and to stall midair | * Has reverse thrust to reduce landing distance and to stall midair | ||
| + | * Although it can't win turn fights against many planes, it can easily drain the majority of other planes by forcing them into one | ||
'''Cons:''' | '''Cons:''' | ||
| − | * Poor turning performance in any wing mode | + | * Poor turning performance in any wing mode, requires special procedures and speed reduction to achieve optimal turn rate |
** Very difficult to kinetically dodge SARH missiles | ** Very difficult to kinetically dodge SARH missiles | ||
* Mediocre acceleration | * Mediocre acceleration | ||
| − | * Equipping "new boosters" will allow it to snap its | + | * Equipping "new boosters" will allow it to snap its wings if not handled carefully |
| − | * Other | + | * Other SARH missiles have a longer range in an uptier, and have to stay low on the ground |
| − | * Limited 19 km ACM range, | + | * Limited 19 km ACM range, maybe too short in uptier. |
| − | * The 27 mm cannon has a low rate of fire, low ammunition count, and mediocre damage if it | + | * The 27 mm cannon has a low rate of fire, low ammunition count, and mediocre damage if it doesn't set the target on fire |
| − | * If engine | + | * If the engine is destroyed and a hard landing is not an option, the landing will take a long time as there is no drag chute |
== History == | == History == | ||
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| − | The Panavia Tornado | + | The Panavia Tornado F.3, a pivotal aircraft in the annals of military aviation, emerged from the geopolitical tensions of the Cold War. This aircraft was not just a machine of war; it was a symbol of multinational collaboration and technological advancement in the face of a rapidly evolving global threat landscape. |
| − | The genesis of the Tornado | + | The genesis of the Tornado F.3 can be traced back to the late 1960s when the need for a sophisticated multi-role combat aircraft became evident among NATO allies. Europe, caught in the throes of the Cold War, was in dire need of an effective defence against the possibility of Soviet incursions, particularly from the air. The response to this necessity was a remarkable collaboration between three nations: the United Kingdom, West Germany, and Italy. These countries formed the Panavia Aircraft GmbH consortium, pooling their resources and expertise to create a platform that could adapt to various combat roles. The outcome of this collaboration was the Panavia Tornado, an aircraft family that would include the formidable Tornado F.3 interceptor. |
| − | Originally designed as a multi-role combat aircraft, the Tornado's versatility was its hallmark. While it had variants like the GR1 for strike/attack missions and the ECR for electronic combat/reconnaissance, the evolving geopolitical landscape necessitated a dedicated air | + | Originally designed as a multi-role combat aircraft, the Tornado's versatility was its hallmark. While it had variants like the GR1 for strike/attack missions and the ECR for electronic combat/reconnaissance, the evolving geopolitical landscape necessitated a dedicated air defence variant. This led to the development of the Tornado F.3, a variant that specialized in the interception and neutralization of airborne threats. Distinct from its siblings, the Tornado F.3 featured a longer fuselage to accommodate additional fuel, enhancing its endurance — a critical attribute for an interceptor. Equipped with the sophisticated Foxhunter radar and armed with air-to-air missiles such as the AIM-9 Sidewinder and the Skyflash, the F.3 was a formidable opponent in the skies. |
| − | Entering service with the Royal Air Force in the mid-1980s, the Tornado | + | Entering service with the Royal Air Force in the mid-1980s, the Tornado F.3 became a cornerstone of Britain's air defence. It replaced ageing aircraft like the English Electric Lightning and the F-4 Phantom II, embodying a new era of air defence capabilities. Throughout the latter stages of the Cold War, the F.3 was a sentinel in the skies, regularly conducting patrols and intercepts of unidentified or potentially hostile aircraft near UK airspace. Though it never engaged in high-intensity dogfights, its presence acted as a significant deterrent. |
| − | The Tornado | + | The Tornado F.3's combat history, while not marked by prolific aerial battles, nonetheless encompasses critical deployments. During the Gulf War in 1990-91, the F.3s were deployed primarily in air defence roles, safeguarding coalition forces against the Iraqi aerial threat, which, as it turned out, was minimal. In the Balkans conflicts of the 1990s, the F.3 again played a key role, focusing on air defence and patrol duties. |
| − | As the 21st century dawned, the technological landscape of aerial warfare continued to evolve, and with it, the requirements for air | + | As the 21st century dawned, the technological landscape of aerial warfare continued to evolve, and with it, the requirements for air defence. The Tornado F.3 began to give way to more advanced aircraft like the Eurofighter Typhoon. By 2011, the RAF had fully retired its fleet of Tornado F.3s, marking the end of an era. The Italian Air Force, which had also operated several F.3s, transitioned to other platforms. |
| − | The story of the Tornado | + | The story of the Tornado F.3 is not just one of technological innovation and military might; it is a narrative about the response to a global challenge through international cooperation. As an integral part of NATO's air defence strategy during the final decades of the Cold War, the Tornado F.3 represented a harmonious blend of strategic foresight, engineering excellence, and operational effectiveness. Even though it never engaged in the intense aerial combat for which it was designed, its role as a deterrent and protector during a pivotal period in modern history cements its legacy in the annals of military aviation. |
== Media == | == Media == | ||
| Line 332: | Line 349: | ||
;Related development | ;Related development | ||
| − | * [[Tornado (Family)]] , [[Tornado ADV]] is essentially identical. | + | * [[Tornado (Family)]], [[Tornado ADV]] is essentially identical. |
| − | * [[MiG- | + | |
| + | ; '''Other jet planes with variable sweep wings''' | ||
| + | |||
| + | * [[MiG-23 (Family)]] | ||
| + | * [[Su-17/22 (Family)]] | ||
| + | * [[F-14 (Family)|F14 (Family)]] | ||
| + | * [[F-111A]] | ||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
Latest revision as of 08:16, 23 August 2024
| This page is about the British jet fighter Tornado F.3. For other versions, see Tornado (Family). |
Contents
Description
The introduction of the Panavia Tornado F.3 marked an enduring chapter in the annals of the Royal Air Force, leaving an indelible impact from its debut in the late 1970s through its operational legacy well into the new millennium. The Tornado F.3's sophisticated air-to-air weaponry and radar systems were prominently showcased, exemplifying its adaptability during its role as a vital guardian of British airspace during the Gulf War and beyond. As the new millennium dawned, the Tornado F.3 continued to play a crucial part in coalition endeavours, most notably supporting various NATO missions and contributing to peacekeeping efforts in the Balkans. Its legacy stretches beyond its operational significance, serving as a testament to the RAF's unwavering dedication to advanced aerial tactics and strategic air power projection throughout its service history.
It was introduced in Update "Sky Guardians". Diverging from the GR.1 variant, the Panavia Tornado assumes the role of a fighter-interceptor in its F.3 version. Designed with a focus on air superiority, this aircraft boasts an array of impressive missile capabilities, positioning itself as a formidable adversary against airborne threats. Equipped with advanced missile systems including the AIM-9L Sidewinder and Skyflash SuperTEMP, the Tornado F.3 is primed to excel in modern aerial combat scenarios. The AIM-9L Sidewinder enhances its close-range combat capabilities, providing a potent tool for engaging agile opponents at short distances. Meanwhile, the Skyflash SuperTEMP missile system elevates its long-range engagement potential, enabling the Tornado F.3 to neutralize even the most sophisticated and distant enemy aircraft with precision and efficacy. With these sophisticated missile technologies at its disposal, the Tornado F.3 confidently stands as a vigilant guardian of the skies, ready to swiftly and effectively counter any potential airborne intrusion.
General info
Flight performance
The Tornado is a variable wing sweep plane, meaning it can adapt the wings to the current speed to avoid structural failure or extreme performance loss. Wing sweep is controlled automatically unless the pilot forces manual controls. Flaps can only be used at up to 20% wing sweep (on automatic controls at 780-900 km/h depending on if the plane is currently accelerating or not, on manual the wings can sustain up to about 1,070 km/h) and will automatically fold when the wings are swept back (meaning you don't have to think about doing it yourself).
Flying the plane in manual mode is not recommended at all, regardless of the pilot's opinion and ego, since the autopilot always aims for maximum mobility, while trying to keep wings strictly below 90% critical overload speed to protect the plane from destroying itself, which is extremely hard to outperform. Manual "optimization" will not even do any good without seeing certain plane parameters, that aren't provided by the in-game UI. Even folding wings during liftoff is pointless, as the plane takes off better when wings are fully unswept, which is their default state.
The plane will remember the last used manual wing sweep % when the pilot sets the wing mode back to automatic, which allows to preemptively "order" the plane to unsweep back into 20% wing mode upon return to manual controls and then use flaps if the autopilot is being difficult and doesn't cooperate. Do note that even if the game UI says that the wing sweep is "20%", the sweep angle may be a fraction above 20% and the wings will refuse to deploy combat flaps. Before turning autopilot back on at the airfield, double-check if the combat flaps can be used at your current wing sweep angle. Remember to always set the wing controls back to automatic immediately after doing any complicated manoeuvre, as it is easy to forget about the wing angle when it's not a focus of the pilot's attention, resulting in sudden catastrophic wing damage.
The afterburner is extremely inefficient and will easily consume 45 minutes of fuel whereas other planes could get away with 15. Fortunately, 45 minutes is enough to reach the enemy on most maps, deal with them, and then fly back without afterburner with about 6 minutes left. The plane does not overheat from prolonged afterburner flight, at least not until it runs out of normal fuel load. The afterburner does not increase the plane's turn rate unlike with other planes, instead, it helps to keep its current speed in a turn and is kept online to force the plane to stay in one of its general speed states.
The roll rate of the plane is mediocre. Installation of improved boosters improves roll on this plane, and allows it to turn significantly faster, but removes safety restrictions, which may allow the pilot to snap the wings by pulling and rolling simultaneously despite best autopilot efforts, so it is up to the user if they want to deal with this or not.
The wing sweep, upgrades, height, momentum, and general speed of the plane heavily affect its turning rate. Even the player's control scheme can affect how efficiently the plane turns. It is ill-advised to commit to prolonged turn fights with enemies without remembering how it works first, as the plane has a poor acceleration rate. In general, a fully trained pilot with a G-suit should not suffer any fatigue at all and only the plane's energy state should matter. The reverse thrust can be used to slow down without cutting the afterburner and to make autopilot understand that the pilot is planning to turn. Here are general plane performance levels with improved boosters installed:
- The full turn time of 28 seconds from the stat card is implied for a fully folded, fully modified Tornado going at near maximum speed at about 300 m height. Some weight in the form of missiles or fuel may increase the turn time by a second, but it is usually irrelevant due to how fast the engines burn fuel. The plane will not outturn anything, but it will not self-destruct in a dive either. Tornado F.3 will lose a lot of speed when turning horizontally in this state, while technically not losing anything in a hard pull followed by a dive.
- By decreasing the speed to 1070 km/h the plane can reduce its turning circle to 24-22 seconds. The autopilot will try to change the wing sweep to about 40%, which is better than 20% with flaps at this point (even though it's technically possible to use). The plane will no longer lose speed in a horizontal turn if the plane is using an afterburner. While this state allows one to immediately chase something upon detection, this is not a good state to have a turn fight with and reverse thrust is required to move onto the next state.
- By decreasing the speed to ~780 km/h, but not below 700 km/h (use of the afterburner is imperative at this point) the wings can be unswept out and the plane will achieve 21 seconds turn rate. The use of combat flaps will shave 2 more seconds off, allowing to achieve a 19-second turn rate. If the player uses relative controls, simply pulling the plane "up" to the side should net an 18-second turn rate by default. At this point, the plane can outturn the Phantom FGR.2 and any attacker, but most dedicated fighters can still outturn Tornado, at least short term.
- By performing a set of complicated manoeuvres and forcing gravity to speed up the turn of a plane and by abusing the afterburner to keep the momentum, the Tornado F.3 can reduce the turn time down to a consistent 18-16 seconds. At this rate, the plane will start suffering extreme overload of 8G and even a fully trained and experienced pilot might start to slowly pass out, depending on how the plane entered the current spin. An expert pilot can tolerate up to about 17 seconds of turn rate with mild stamina drain. Only an ace pilot can tolerate a 16-second turn rate at all. Most hostile fighters can have a temporary turn rate of 15-13 seconds, but this will drain all of their speed and their pilots will pass out immediately if they make a mistake or try to keep this up, whereas Tornado F.3 can turn like this for at least 40 seconds or for as long as it has fuel.
This Tornado version is often mildly faster than the bomber versions due to not carrying an additional cannon and is more stable than the German Tornados. It also does not pose such a high risk of snapping wings due to missiles having negligible weight compared to bombs.
Maximum speed at ground level in folded wing mode is 1,500 km/h, at which point the plane will start to shake and might break up, but to reach such speed the plane generally must dive from at least 4 km altitude, and have afterburner on to retain it. Without the help of gravity, the plane can fly at around 1,300 km/h with an afterburner on. Even then, minor flight direction corrections will reduce average speed. Without afterburner, the plane generally tends to unfold itself and flies at around 1,100 km/h or less.
The minimal speed is 330 km/h, at which the plane will glide forward with minimal height and speed loss. This can be exploited to minimize pulse-Doppler interference on radar or to survive for as long as feasible with engines off when swarmed by IR missiles. This also implies that the plane can glide over significant distances even without engines. The engines turn on in about 10 seconds and it takes a while for engine thrust to overtake gravity, so it must be turned on before the plane is about to crash due to loss of all energy, not as it already happens.
The plane does not have a drag chute, but it can use reverse thrust with an afterburner on to slow down and stop. A hard landing is feasible at 500 km/h, upon landing and stopping the engines can be simply shut off to prevent the plane from beginning to accelerate backwards.
| Characteristics | Max speed (km/h at 11,582 m) |
Max altitude (metres) |
Turn time (seconds) |
Rate of climb (metres/second) |
Take-off run (metres) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AB | RB | AB | RB | AB | RB | |||
| Stock | 2,280 | 2,269 | 13000 | 28.4 | 28.6 | 167.3 | 163.4 | 800 |
| Upgraded | 2,340 | 2,308 | 27.6 | 28.0 | 216.7 | 191.0 | ||
Details
| Features | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combat flaps | Take-off flaps | Landing flaps | Air brakes | Arrestor gear | Drogue chute |
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X |
| Limits | Wings (km/h) | Gear (km/h) | Flaps (km/h) | Max Static G | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combat | Take-off | Landing | + | - | |||
| Min sweep | 972 | 0 | 1,166 | 552 | 440 | ~8 | ~3 |
| Max sweep | 1,555 | - | - | - | ~9 | ~3 | |
| Optimal velocities (km/h) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Ailerons | Rudder | Elevators | Radiator |
| < 670 | < 650 | < 700 | - |
Engine performance
| Engine | Aircraft mass | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Engine name | Number | Basic mass | Wing loading (full internal fuel) | |||||
| Turbo-Union RB199-34R Mk.104 | 2 | 14,659 kg | 742 kg/m2 | |||||
| Engine characteristics | Mass with internal fuel (no weapons load) | Max Gross Weight | ||||||
| Weight (each) | Type | 16m fuel | 20m fuel | 30m fuel | 45m fuel | 56m fuel | ||
| 968 kg | Afterburning low-bypass turbofan | 16,186 kg | 16,463 kg | 17,365 kg | 18,718 kg | 19,749 kg | 23,512 kg | |
| Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB) | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP) | |||||||
| Condition | 100% | WEP | 16m fuel | 20m fuel | 30m fuel | 45m fuel | 56m fuel | MGW |
| Stationary | 3,756 kgf | 7,309 kgf | 0.90 | 0.89 | 0.84 | 0.78 | 0.74 | 0.62 |
| Optimal | 4,169 kgf (1,400 km/h) |
8,173 kgf (1,400 km/h) |
1.01 | 0.99 | 0.94 | 0.87 | 0.83 | 0.70 |
Survivability and armour
The Tornado's fuselage inherits the general sturdiness of the Jaguar, so it can survive a rough landing at 600 km/h and will in general sustain damage without falling apart. Occasionally, the plane will survive explosions of small missiles, though this will severely reduce flight performance and should be avoided.
The wings tend to snap after taking a direct hit with explosives. Depending on the severity of overall wing damage, the plane might continue to fly with half a wing or lose all semblance of control and spiral into the ground. Loss of the tail is fatal and recovery after that is impossible.
The engines are tightly packed and tend to be destroyed together, but sometimes one of them remains functional.
The Tornado F.3 does not have any armour plates within the plane, most of the plane's central fuselage contains self-sealing fuel tanks. Having too much fuel fills the wings with fuel as well. This means the Tornado F.3 is very likely to catch fire if hit by enemy rounds or missiles, especially in the engine area. EFS is available that could potentially save the aircraft in the case of an engine fire.
Tornado F.3 can carry a lot of countermeasures on its wings and it has several large countermeasures as a last resort on its hull. Unfortunately, it is impossible to separate load-outs and controls for either countermeasure type, the large ones are used last after the small ones run out. The Tornado's afterburners run rather hot, and only 2 small flares are actually fired each time, so it is still recommended to briefly drop back to military power when attempting to flare off incoming IR missiles.
The large quantity of countermeasures allows fire flares every 0.5 seconds for a long time to survive when entering hectic airspace and allows missiles from surprise enemy aircraft to be "pre-flared". Setting periodic flare dispensers to this exact fire rate also makes hostile AIM-9M nearly harmless, as it will be permanently blinded the very moment it is fired at the plane and will not reach it as long as the pilot moves around at all. Adding chaff into the mix will render the majority of attackers and fighter-bombers unable to use radar against Tornado F.3, at least from behind.
Another use for the excessive countermeasure count is to become semi-immune to ARH missiles by spamming chaff every 5 seconds while flying high in the sky, if the pilot does not want to go down to the ground or to think about this threat at all. This seriously messes with missiles such as the Phoenix, though the periodic chaff release must be kept on through the entire flight, and it is not recommended to fly directly at them, otherwise, the missile can reacquire the lock again. This does not do anything to CW SARH missiles guided by pulse-Doppler radars, and any actual missile lock alerts are not to be ignored.
Modifications and economy
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Armaments
| Ballistic Computer | ||||
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| CCIP (Guns) | CCIP (Rockets) | CCIP (Bombs) | CCRP (Bombs) | Lead indicator |
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Offensive armament
The Tornado F.3 is armed with:
- 1 x 27 mm Mauser BK27 cannon, chin-mounted (180 rpg)
- 32 x large calibre countermeasures
The main cannon is filled with APHE as main ammunition in all load-outs, so it is good at causing plane fires and destroying lightly armoured targets, including light pillboxes or tanks. The gun can destroy howitzers in 3-4 hits from 3 km away, which is decent considering the low ammunition count.
The gun can receive gun radar assist at about 1.5 km range. In this mode, the gun pointer demonstrates what the shells will intercept, all the pilot has to do is to fire and "slice" the enemy plane hull with the gun pointer while doing so. The accuracy of the gun radar is about 80% and it is very reliable even against wiggling enemy planes within ground interference and despite the low fire rate of a gun, making it superior to radar missiles during ground-level fights.
Suspended armament
The Tornado F.3 can be outfitted with the following ordnance:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |  | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles | 1, 2 * | 1, 2 * | ||||
| Skyflash missiles | 2, 4 | |||||
| Skyflash SuperTEMP missiles | 4 | |||||
| Countermeasures | 160 * | 160 * | ||||
| 330 gal drop tanks | 1 | 1 | ||||
| * Countermeasures can be carried with Sidewinder missiles on the same hardpoint | ||||||
| Default weapon presets | |
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The Tornado F.3 only gets to carry missiles as weapons, and the choice is rather straightforward, as they come in separate groups with direct upgrades.
AIM-9L can be utilized as a "parry" missile, as it gets agitated by any enemy missiles and will try to hit them instead of an enemy plane if they fire anything. Otherwise, it is sometimes useful against similar variable wing planes, in attacks from behind, or if the enemy is unaware or forgets to flare (quite uncommon at rank VII). Tornado F.3 can utilize "TWS" radar mode to slave and fire the 9L at multiple planes without changing flight direction.
The Skyflashes are the same as those used on Phantom FGR.2 and FG.1. The main advantage is that they can be launched at ridiculous angles and still manage to acquire the lock, and then they turn towards the enemy right after launch without wasting time. This combines well with the "look up" and "wide" ACM radar mode, as the plane is often forced to ground level without even being able to pull the nose up by other radar missiles. In general, these missiles can acquire anything within 30 degrees of the plane's nose, better if the target is below the plane (radar scope can be checked to see how many degrees above or below the nose is the selected target).
Skyflash SuperTEMP modification is slightly better than normal Skyflash in every regard, but the most notable difference is that upgraded missiles are far less prone to randomly lose track of the target (and then self-destruct as a result) when launched to the side. While SuperTEMP doesn't reach SRAAM level of reliability and can be out stalled in a SARH duel, it can casually intercept planes at 2.5 to 8 km ranges if they dare to leave the ground protection.
Usage in battles
The Tornado F.3 is very powerful at its own BR, but is outclassed by higher-tier aircraft, and is heavily dependent on its weaponry and avionics to be competitive.
During the early grind, AIM-9Ls and the radar-assisted gun are the only options, meaning that you have to stay at ground level (about 20-30 m above ground) to avoid being instantly obliterated by SARH missiles. Try to stick to the flat ground, and if that is impossible, try to "dive" into the openings instead of going over them, as you will momentarily lose ground echo protection.
This makes early Tornado F.3 gameplay that of a "first encounter" plane - simply be there first and cause as much chaos as you can before the enemy gets you, so your team can finish them off, or flank the enemy team from the side and hope they did not notice you approaching. The gun scope does not care about "ground echo" that destroys radar missiles, so you can easily snipe your opponents in head-on. Even if all you do is cause some fires, this will spell doom for the enemy plane, as they can be easily cleaned up by teammates.
A lot of planes that stick to the ground carry AIM-9Ls or R-60 variants, so turn the afterburner off before actually engaging enemy planes and fire some flares while you go at them, especially at 900 m range and when pulling over hills. Pre-flaring will also make point-blank R-60M hits less likely to happen.
In general, while grinding upgrades, try to learn how the plane radar operates. It is much more tolerant to speed differences than the "Phantom" radar and has more utility modes. Every normal mode marks allies as allies on your radar display and tries to skip them to avoid friendly fire. It has 4 standard modes and 3 ACM modes.
Normal modes are:
- Pulse-Doppler range-based mode is the default and is the least useful to Tornado F.3 mode in terms of additional information. Pulse-Doppler is immune to chaff. Used when locking on by default.
- TWS, which is a pulse-Doppler mode that allows one to continuously scan a certain direction without actually locking onto it. This is the most useful scout mode, as you can set radar range to 96 km while taking off and it will immediately soft-lock and "stick" itself to enemy players that are just taking off from their airfield, so you know where they went. Upon reaching 50 km range you can use TWS to guess if the enemy fired any long-range missiles yet (they are quite visible in 39 km mode, usually it is a faint dot next to the originating plane with a much longer "speed" line, flying at 1,100 m/s when selected). Tends to be inaccurate until the actual lock is enforced, but can be used to fire AIM-9L by "selecting" targets without actually locking onto them (high-level players spam flares upon receiving radar lock just to be safe).
- Pulse-Doppler speed-based mode - alternate radar mode that shows the relative speed of enemy planes instead of range. Also demonstrates the dead zone of the pulse-Doppler, allowing you to gauge if it will be easy for the current target to lose your radar lock and counter a Skyflash that way.
- Search - basic radar mode. Tends to wiggle and lock onto everyone around the current target, is not immune to chaff and is often bad (though not useless) at and especially against low altitudes. Does not have a speed dead zone, unlike pulse-Doppler. Locking while using it will use a "normal" lock as well.
ACM does not have IFF and will lock onto everything and anything that goes into the radar scope. You can swap between "pulse-doppler" and "normal" ACM if one or another does not work on your current target, but upon lock loss, the PD mode will be activated again by default. There are 3 scope types to choose from:
- Normal small square - same as with every plane, primarily used when going into an intense fight with teammates involved, as otherwise, it is very easy to attack the wrong target.
- Wide square - general use scope for ground-level fights, allows you to lock onto anything that you can realistically target with a gun, with some additional reach above and below you for missiles.
- Look-up - mode that specifically looks in a thin line 31-60 degrees above you. Usually used to lock onto planes above the plane, but can also be used both at ground level and in the sky by rolling the plane if you want to target something on the side or below.
One of the most important features of the Tornado F.3's radar is that, even while locked on, you can swap between pulse-doppler and normal lock without breaking it. Even if your target "notches" (goes perpendicular to you), you can temporarily swap to normal tracking mode to continue guiding the Skyflash. You can even save the lock that is already "blinking" if you are fast enough. Remember to swap back to pulse-Doppler after the dead-zone window has passed, as normal search mode tends to throw the missile around, which reduces its speed severely.
While it may be very boring and annoying, it is important to do certain chores that come with this plane to do better as Skyflash and more upgrades get unlocked. Settings of ACM and manual wing sweep reset every respawn and they are very important, so first quickly set up the radar, as ACM shouldn't be able to lock onto allied planes still parked on the airfield within the first 10-15 seconds of a round, then quickly set up the wing sweep, if you want to.
After setting up, climbing high up to use TWS and scout out the enemy team, then falling back down is generally the best move, as it generally doesn't cost you any lost opportunities. Instead, depending on BR and team composition, you can and will save lives, particularly those of allied attackers. Even by typing something like "from our perspective: 1 of them went far left, 4 left, 5 middle, 2 far right, 3 of them high in the sky, 2 super late planes going middle" in the chat you can let your allies figure out the rest using their game knowledge. This is particularly effective if you are fighting on your own BR or in a downtier, where nobody else has radar of such reach. Even if you do not feel particularly enthusiastic about working as AWACS for others for free (since the game itself does not acknowledge air reconnaissance as a thing), remember that Tornado F.3 is not an invincible fighter on its own and having more teammates survive due to them being able to make an informed decision might indirectly save you as well.
At lower BRs, you can outrange pretty much anyone even with normal Skyflash missiles and most likely will obliterate any MiG-21,F-5C and other old planes. The Skyflash SuperTEMPs are very potent and make Tornado F.3 more or less on par with the MiG-23MLD, but these missiles are not good against the AIM-7F Sparrows. Your biggest challenge will be F-4J/S with their AIM-7Fs and PDV radars. You have a fair chance of spotting and locking them first, given your superior radar, but this doesn't mean you have the advantage, as the AIM-7F will out-speed the Skyflash SuperTEMP at long range. If a missile joust must be started at a high altitude, try to delay the launch of the enemy missile until a close distance (lower than around 8 km) as in those ranges the Skyflash will out-speed the AIM-7F and the kill will be secured as long as you don't fly in their face.
The Skyflash is not an effective weapon against the R-27ER or the Matra Super 530D at all. In an uptier, you want to stay at ground level after initial scouting and your prime targets are unsuspecting targets 4-9 km away heading generally towards you. You can also use radar missiles from behind targets that try to pull away at ranges of 1.5 km or so, due to the high tolerance of Tornado pulse-Doppler radar, which is ironically reinforced through simultaneously amazing and poor energy retention of the plane itself. The slower the Tornado goes, the harder it is to lose pulse-Doppler lock by flying away from it and the plane is extremely unlikely to crash even when stalled to the minimum speed, while also being very likely to be in this situation due to how poorly it turns sometimes.
If not hanging at ground level, avoid entering and staying in the furball as then you will likely have many missiles shot at you, combined with the Tornado's poor manoeuvrability that means almost certain death. Instead, lock up head-on targets using ACM mode then fire off a Skyflash at your enemy, if they also launch a missile at you, try to enter the dead zone of their radar as fast as you can while releasing flares and chaff, or immediately drop to the ground (lower than 30 metres). If the enemy starts to notch your radar, switch the radar mode from PD HDN to standard search as it'll be immune to notching, though it may not work if you are above or in front of a mountain (due to general ground clutter) or enemy is spamming chaff. Another option is to lock up the enemy with radar but fire off an AIM-9L instead, then continue to behave as if you fired a radar missile. Sometimes this will confuse the enemy into not releasing flares as they will believe that you fired a Skyflash instead of an AIM-9L, though at long range most people will try to flare at least once before starting to panic.
Avoid dogfighting, especially if the enemy is already on your tail. You have no real advantages against your opponent unless they are already badly crippled with large sections of their wings/tail missing. If you are still supersonic and are being chased, get a teammate to cover your back or run back to the airfield. Try and fly in a straight line given that folded Tornado will bleed speed in any sort of turn manoeuvre, but also keep an eye out for potential IR missiles or at least turn on periodic flare release.
If you have no choice, simultaneously pull up and use the afterburner with reverse thrust to slow down to optimal speed levels of about 800-900 km/h then stabilize the plane and drop into a horizontal turn while disabling reverse thrust and using combat flaps (order the wings to unsweep manually if the plane doesn't do it, then return them into autopilot mode). If the manoeuvre is executed properly, you will have the maximum possible turn rate, while only suffering 7-8 G overload. If the enemy hasn't already obliterated you as we are setting up, drain your opponent by flying in circles - a lot of other planes have to sacrifice a lot of speed to keep spinning after you, which will eventually put them into equal or worse turn rate than you (since you don't really lose speed anymore, but they most likely do), or at least put an 11+ G overload on their pilot, making them G-lock after a few seconds. While spinning, use "look up" ACM mode and fish for any opening - as soon as the radar display says that the enemy plane is within 28 degrees of your nose, 9L or SuperTemp will have a high chance of removing your opponent, fire immediately if there are no friendlies involved. If pulse-doppler ACM has problems with picking up your opponent, switch to normal SRC ACM.
Remember, the Tornado F.3 likes to fly predictable, straight paths and makes very predictable manoeuvres, like the aforementioned flying in circles. Although a plane won't ever make a good pilot blackout, it can't sacrifice speed to make a snappy turn, or suddenly gain a second wind like the MiG-23. Any enemy with an ounce of situational awareness will easily be able to keep tabs on you with no effort whatsoever, even if they can't keep up flying in circles after you for one reason or another. Even if you manage to drain your current opponents, anyone else can easily intervene. You also can't make unpredictable manoeuvres and sneak up on people given your overall lack of acceleration and mobility in any direction other than forward and up, so all you can do is endure and hope that you have enough fuel. This makes it hard to employ your AIM-9Ls or your guns in a turn fight, given it is very difficult to stick to an opponent's tail for a good rear aspect shot. However, you will still find the AIM-9L to be a very consistent weapon and a good close-to-mid-range missile.
Avoid pulling negative Gs in the Tornado F.3. As with most British planes and many top-tier planes, the negative G performance of the Tornado is poor. Unlike the British Phantoms, your wings are not sturdy enough to sustain negative Gs even for a few seconds, often snapping as soon as you put your nose down if you equipped "new boosters". The Tornado is generally an unstable aircraft and prone to flat spinning as soon as the wing falls off, so don't expect to get back to base once you've lost a wing. Rolling too much with boosters can easily make the Tornado snap its wings. When in a turn, refrain from rolling in a -2G+ turn or else there is a good chance you may lose one or both wings. You may not have the controllability to recover and you may go into an uncontrollable spin depending on how violently you were rolling.
Countering common radar missiles
- AIM-7F/M. Your Skyflash SuperTEMP will be faster than these missiles when under 6-8 km, above that distance, the AIM-7F/M will be faster, so it's better to avoid being locked at long-range
- R-27ER/ER1. This missile will outperform the Skyflash SuperTEMP in every way, the only possible way to shoot down a MiG-29 or Yak-141 in the missile joust is to fire first, attempt to parry their missile with 9L before attacking, or try to go into their radar blind spot by notching, going next to the ground or at least going below the enemy plane, because their radars have worse tracking angles below (45° versus 60° of the Tornado F.3)
- Matra Super 530D. At close range, the Skyflash SuperTEMP has better acceleration and will eventually outrange the Matra Super 530D.
- Aspide-1A. Very fast missiles, but the carriers of these missiles either have weak flight performance (F-104S.ASA) or weak radar (J-8B). The Skyflash SuperTEMP will also outrange the Aspide-1A.
- AIM-54A Phoenix. These missiles have a lot of range, generally produce no missile alerts and are self-sufficient, however, it's very easy to notice the incoming missile on the TWS radar display and simply notch it. Long-range launch can be countered by periodic chaff release (once in 5 seconds should work).
Pros and cons
Pros:
- High top speed at low altitudes
- Has a lot of countermeasures, including large-calibre ones
- Can carry 8 air-to-air missiles at once
- Skyflash SuperTEMP are effective SARH missiles in close to medium-range
- Potent all-aspect heat-seeking AIM-9L missiles, though everyone is aware of it
- Has radar gunsight that is immune to ground echo interference
- Advanced radar for its BR
- Includes TWS that indicates the direction of the enemy
- PD radar has IFF mode
- Higher PD speed threshold than all rank VII and many rank VIII planes
- Can carry drop tanks to extend the range and compensate for its intense fuel consumption
- Has reverse thrust to reduce landing distance and to stall midair
- Although it can't win turn fights against many planes, it can easily drain the majority of other planes by forcing them into one
Cons:
- Poor turning performance in any wing mode, requires special procedures and speed reduction to achieve optimal turn rate
- Very difficult to kinetically dodge SARH missiles
- Mediocre acceleration
- Equipping "new boosters" will allow it to snap its wings if not handled carefully
- Other SARH missiles have a longer range in an uptier, and have to stay low on the ground
- Limited 19 km ACM range, maybe too short in uptier.
- The 27 mm cannon has a low rate of fire, low ammunition count, and mediocre damage if it doesn't set the target on fire
- If the engine is destroyed and a hard landing is not an option, the landing will take a long time as there is no drag chute
History
The Panavia Tornado F.3, a pivotal aircraft in the annals of military aviation, emerged from the geopolitical tensions of the Cold War. This aircraft was not just a machine of war; it was a symbol of multinational collaboration and technological advancement in the face of a rapidly evolving global threat landscape.
The genesis of the Tornado F.3 can be traced back to the late 1960s when the need for a sophisticated multi-role combat aircraft became evident among NATO allies. Europe, caught in the throes of the Cold War, was in dire need of an effective defence against the possibility of Soviet incursions, particularly from the air. The response to this necessity was a remarkable collaboration between three nations: the United Kingdom, West Germany, and Italy. These countries formed the Panavia Aircraft GmbH consortium, pooling their resources and expertise to create a platform that could adapt to various combat roles. The outcome of this collaboration was the Panavia Tornado, an aircraft family that would include the formidable Tornado F.3 interceptor.
Originally designed as a multi-role combat aircraft, the Tornado's versatility was its hallmark. While it had variants like the GR1 for strike/attack missions and the ECR for electronic combat/reconnaissance, the evolving geopolitical landscape necessitated a dedicated air defence variant. This led to the development of the Tornado F.3, a variant that specialized in the interception and neutralization of airborne threats. Distinct from its siblings, the Tornado F.3 featured a longer fuselage to accommodate additional fuel, enhancing its endurance — a critical attribute for an interceptor. Equipped with the sophisticated Foxhunter radar and armed with air-to-air missiles such as the AIM-9 Sidewinder and the Skyflash, the F.3 was a formidable opponent in the skies.
Entering service with the Royal Air Force in the mid-1980s, the Tornado F.3 became a cornerstone of Britain's air defence. It replaced ageing aircraft like the English Electric Lightning and the F-4 Phantom II, embodying a new era of air defence capabilities. Throughout the latter stages of the Cold War, the F.3 was a sentinel in the skies, regularly conducting patrols and intercepts of unidentified or potentially hostile aircraft near UK airspace. Though it never engaged in high-intensity dogfights, its presence acted as a significant deterrent.
The Tornado F.3's combat history, while not marked by prolific aerial battles, nonetheless encompasses critical deployments. During the Gulf War in 1990-91, the F.3s were deployed primarily in air defence roles, safeguarding coalition forces against the Iraqi aerial threat, which, as it turned out, was minimal. In the Balkans conflicts of the 1990s, the F.3 again played a key role, focusing on air defence and patrol duties.
As the 21st century dawned, the technological landscape of aerial warfare continued to evolve, and with it, the requirements for air defence. The Tornado F.3 began to give way to more advanced aircraft like the Eurofighter Typhoon. By 2011, the RAF had fully retired its fleet of Tornado F.3s, marking the end of an era. The Italian Air Force, which had also operated several F.3s, transitioned to other platforms.
The story of the Tornado F.3 is not just one of technological innovation and military might; it is a narrative about the response to a global challenge through international cooperation. As an integral part of NATO's air defence strategy during the final decades of the Cold War, the Tornado F.3 represented a harmonious blend of strategic foresight, engineering excellence, and operational effectiveness. Even though it never engaged in the intense aerial combat for which it was designed, its role as a deterrent and protector during a pivotal period in modern history cements its legacy in the annals of military aviation.
Media
- Skins
- Videos
See also
- Related development
- Tornado (Family), Tornado ADV is essentially identical.
- Other jet planes with variable sweep wings
External links
Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:
- topic on the official game forum;
- other literature.
| Panavia Aircraft GmbH | |
|---|---|
| Strike Aircraft | Tornado (Family) |
| Germany | ◄Tornado IDS WTD61 · ◄Tornado IDS ASSTA1 · ◄Tornado IDS MFG |
| UK | Tornado GR.1 · Tornado GR.4 · Tornado F.3 · Tornado F.3 Late |
| Italy | Tornado ADV · ▄Tornado IDS · ▄Tornado IDS (1995) |
| Britain jet aircraft | |
|---|---|
| Blackburn | Buccaneer S.1 · Buccaneer S.2 · Buccaneer S.2B |
| British Aerospace | Harrier GR.7 · Sea Harrier FRS.1 (e) · Sea Harrier FRS.1 · Sea Harrier FA 2 |
| British Aircraft Corporation | Strikemaster Mk.88 |
| English Electric | Canberra B Mk 2 · Canberra B (I) Mk 6 · Lightning F.6 · Lightning F.53 |
| Gloster | Meteor F Mk 3 · Sea Meteor F Mk 3 · Meteor F Mk 4 G.41F · Meteor F Mk 4 G.41G · Meteor F Mk 8 G.41K · Meteor F Mk.8 Reaper |
| Javelin F.(A.W.) Mk.9 | |
| de Havilland | Vampire F.B.5 · Venom FB.4 · Sea Venom FAW 20 · Sea Vixen F.A.W. Mk.2 |
| Hawker | Sea Hawk FGA.6 · Hunter F.1 · Hunter F.6 · Hunter FGA.9 · Harrier GR.1 · Harrier GR.3 |
| Panavia | Tornado GR.1 · Tornado GR.4 · Tornado F.3 · Tornado F.3 Late |
| SEPECAT | Jaguar GR.1 · Jaguar GR.1A · Jaguar IS |
| Supermarine | Attacker FB 1 · Attacker FB.2 · Scimitar F Mk.1 · Swift F.1 · Swift F.7 |
| Foreign | Phantom FG.1 (USA) · Phantom FGR.2 (USA) · F-4J(UK) Phantom II (USA) |
| Australia | F-111C |
| India | ▄MiG-21 Bison |
| South Africa | ▄JAS39C |
