Difference between revisions of "Type 90"

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{{Specs-Card|code=jp_type_90}}
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{{About
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| about = Japanese medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
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| other
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| usage-1 = the other version
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| link-1 = Type 90 (Family)
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| usage-2 = other uses
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| link-2 = Type 90 (Disambiguation)
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}}
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{{Specs-Card
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|code=jp_type_90
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|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
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}}
  
 
== Description ==
 
== Description ==
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''In the description, the first part needs to be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert the screenshot of the vehicle. If the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, they will immediately understand what kind of vehicle it is talking about.''
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<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' -->
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The '''{{Specs|name}}''' ({{Annotation|90式戦車|Kyūmaru Shiki Sensha}}) was initially accepted into service in 1990 as a replacement for both the [[Type 61]] and [[Type 74]] models. With the Type 74 adopting service, it was rather late to the scene and had to compare with the newer generation of MBTs like the [[T-72 (Family)]], [[Leopard 2 (Family)]] and [[M1 Abrams (Family)]]. For that reason, the Type 90's development was called instantly after the Type 74's adoption. While closely resembling Western-style MBTs, the emphasises of the Type 90 lay in its technical features from the FCS system, Onboard computer, automated tracking and autoloader.
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It was introduced in [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]]. Despite its appearance being similar to the [[Leopard 2A4]] and mounting a license-produced Rheinmetall L44-based cannon, it is significantly different in a number of aspects. LWS and the main feature the Type 90 offers and will be very obvious is the 4-second autoloader it employs, this allows the Type 90 to essentially suppress other MBTs even if they wouldn't result in kill shots. The tank also offers a very beefy engine, being among the faster MBTs it can keep up with lighter-tracked vehicles and get into position as fast as possible.
  
 
== General info ==
 
== General info ==
 
=== Survivability and armour ===
 
=== Survivability and armour ===
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''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpfull for survival in combat?''
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{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}
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<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' -->
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[[File:Type 90 Density Visualisation.png|thumb|Type 90 [[Protection Density Visualisation]]]]
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The Type 90 MBT sacrifices protection and survivability in order to attain a smaller profile and a lighter vehicle overall (vehicle weight is important in Japan in order to pass over their many bridges). As such, most 'improved' rounds available to other MBTs at the same BR (such as the [[Leopard 2A5]]'s DM33, or the [[Leclerc]]'s OFL 120 F1) will punch through even the Type 90's turret cheeks or upper front plate. It's important to keep in mind that even some autocannon ammunition will easily penetrate some of the weaker sections of the Type 90 from the front.
  
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''If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''
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Despite the mediocre protection, the Type 90 has one main survivability feature: its primary ammunition is stored in blowout-protected compartments, sparing the crew from side shots on the rear of the turret, providing no more than 19 rounds are carried. Unfortunately, however, due to the autoloaded cannon the Type 90 is crewed by only 3, increasing the chances of being disabled from an initial shot.
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
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! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
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|-
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| Hull || 25 mm (82°) ''Driver's hatch'' <br> 35 mm (47-83°) ''Upper glacis'' <br> 40 mm (44°) ''Lower glacis'' || 35 mm <br> 10 mm ''Side Skirts'' <br> 25 mm ''Top'' || 25 mm (16-60°) ''All rear'' <br> 15 mm  ''Engine grille'' || 25 mm (0-8°) ''Hull roof incl. engine deck'' <br> 5 mm  ''Engine grille''
 +
|-
 +
| Turret || 40 mm ''Cheeks incl. gunner optics'' <br> 35 mm  ''Mantlet'' <br> 35 mm ''Rear Mantlet Plate'' || 40 mm  ''Forward'' <br> 33 mm + 80 mm (air) + 40 mm  ''Middle spaced armour'' <br> 12 mm + 80 mm (air) + 35 mm  ''Rear spaced armour'' || 25 mm || 35 mm (78-83°) ''Forehead Armour'' <br> 20 mm (90°) ''Rear turret incl. cupola''
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|-
 +
|}
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 +
'''Notes:'''
 +
 
 +
* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick.
 +
* Belly armour is 20 mm thick.
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* Composite armour covers the front hull and the turret:
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 +
{| class="wikitable"
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|-
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! Composite armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides
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|-
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| Hull ||  '''''Upper glacis''''' <br> 320 - 450 mm ''Kinetic'' <br> 420 - 600 mm ''Chemical'' <br> '''''Lower glacis''''' <br> 37 - 300 mm ''Kinetic'' <br> 20 - 380 mm ''Chemical'' || N/A
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|-
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| Turret || '''''Turret cheeks''''' <br> 400 - 450 mm ''Kinetic'' <br> 640 - 660 mm ''Chemical'' <br> '''''Gun mantlet''''' <br> 275 - 375 mm ''Kinetic'' <br> 500 - 600 mm ''Chemical'' || '''''Side forward''''' <br> 78 - 400 mm ''Kinetic'' <br> 81 - 490 mm ''Chemical'' <br> '''''Side middle''''' <br> 77 mm ''Kinetic'' <br> 80 mm ''Chemical''
 +
|}
  
 
=== Mobility ===
 
=== Mobility ===
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''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and maneuverability as well as the maximum speed forward and backward.''
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{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}
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<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' -->
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{{tankMobility|abMinHp=2032|rbMinHp=1327}}
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The {{PAGENAME}} is powered by a 10-cylinder two-stroke diesel engine producing a maximum of 1,500 horsepower at 2400 RPM. Combined with its relatively light weight of only 50.2 tonnes, this gives it an excellent power-to-weight ratio of 29.88. As such, the Type 90 is often one of the first vehicles to reach cap points in a match, and can comfortably flank or move into advantageous positions earlier than many of its contemporaries. This power is transferred to the drive sprockets via an automatic transmission with 7 forward and 2 backward gears, unfortunately limiting the otherwise extremely mobile vehicle to 72 km/h (RB/SB) forwards and -33 km/h (RB/SB) backwards - speeds which it will reach with ease on-road.
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 +
The {{PAGENAME}} also mounts hydropneumatic suspension, allowing it to actively change the vehicle's ride height and angle. This can be used to improve traction on angled surfaces.
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 +
=== Modifications and economy ===
 +
{{Specs-Economy}}
  
 
== Armaments ==
 
== Armaments ==
 +
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
 
=== Main armament ===
 
=== Main armament ===
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''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibilty of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''
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{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}
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<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' -->
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{{main|Type 90 L/44 (120 mm)}}
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 +
The Type 90 L/44 120 mm cannon is a license-produced clone of the Rheinmetall L/44 cannon found on the Leopard 2 series and the M1A1/M1A2. As such, it shares their excellent accuracy and firepower characteristics, with a key advantage: the Type 90 is autoloaded. This results in a flat 4 second reload, better than the peak manually loaded speeds available to the other L/44-mounting vehicles (6 seconds). Additionally, reloads are not hindered by fire or the loss of crew members. The Type 90 has two rounds available to it; the powerful JM33 APFSDS round (based off the NATO DM33 round) and the JM12A1 HEAT-FS round (based off DM12A1). These rounds are more than capable of penetrating any opponent the Type 90 may face, although when facing some later vehicles such as the M1A2 or Leopard 2A5, weak points must be targeted.
  
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=== Additional armament ===
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
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''Some tanks are armed with several guns in one or more turrets. Evaluate the additional weaponry and give advice on its use. Describe the ammunition available for additional weaponry. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage. If there is no additional weaponry remove this subsection.''
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|-
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! colspan="5" | [[Type 90 L/44 (120 mm)|120 mm Type 90 L/44]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || Reloading rate (seconds)
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|-
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! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
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! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
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!Autoloader
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|-
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! ''Arcade''
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| rowspan="2" | 42 || rowspan="2" | -7°/+10° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 28.6 || 39.5 || 48.0 || 53.1 || 56.5 || rowspan="2" | 4.00
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|-
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! ''Realistic''
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| 17.9 || 21.0 || 25.5 || 28.2 || 30.0
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|-
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|}
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 +
==== Ammunition ====
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{{:Type 90 L/44 (120 mm)/Ammunition|JM12A1, JM33}}
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 +
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
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[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
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<!-- '''Last updated: 2.15.1.70''' -->
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
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|-
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! Full<br>ammo
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! 1st<br>rack empty
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! 2nd<br>rack empty
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! 3rd<br>rack empty
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! Visual<br>discrepancy
 +
|-
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| '''42''' || 39&nbsp;''(+3)'' || 19&nbsp;''(+23)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+41)'' || No
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|-
 +
|}
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'''Notes''':
 +
 
 +
* Hull empty: 19 ''(+23)'' shells
 +
* The autoloader contains 18 shells. Once these have all been fired, the autoloader must be replenished before being able to fire again.
 +
 
 +
====Optics and night vision====
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The Type 90 receives night vision imagers once the tier 3 modification 'NVD' is researched. This unlocks standard 500 x 300 resolution thermal sights for the gunner, as well as standard image intensifiers for all crew (available in third person view in AB/RB additionally).
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
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! colspan="7" |{{PAGENAME}} [[Optics]]
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|-
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! rowspan="3" |Type of optic
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! rowspan="3" |Magnification
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! colspan="5" |[[Night Vision Devices]]
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|-
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! colspan="3" |Image Intensifier
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! rowspan="2" |{{Annotation|Thermal Imager<br>Resolution|The higher the resolution the clearer and more detailed the image is}}
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! rowspan="2" |Notes
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|-
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!{{Annotation|Resolution|The higher the resolution the clearer and more detailed the image is}}
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!{{Annotation|Light Mult|By how much the image intensifier amplifies the existing light, primarily useful for comparing image intensifiers}}
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!{{Annotation|Noise Level|How much noise is present in the image (how grainy the image is)}}
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|-
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!Gunner's Sight
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|8.0x - 16.1x||--||--||--||500 x 300||Intensifier & thermal sights unlocked by 'NVD' modification (tier 3)
 +
|-
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!Commander's View
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|6.0x||1600 x 1200||9.0||High||N/A||Intensifier unlocked by 'NVD' modification (tier 3)
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|-
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!Driver's View
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|1.0x||800 x 600||5.0||High||N/A||Intensifier unlocked by 'NVD' modification (tier 3)
 +
|}
  
 
=== Machine guns ===
 
=== Machine guns ===
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''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft, but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''
+
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
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{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
 +
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' -->
 +
{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|Type 74 (7.62 mm)}}
 +
 
 +
The Type 90 mounts two machine guns; one pintle-mounted 12.7 mm and one coaxial mounted 7.62 mm. These can be used as deterrent for low-flying aircraft, clearing light obstacles or crew from open-top vehicles, or spotting enemy vehicles.
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
 +
|-
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! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
 +
|-
 +
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
 +
|-
 +
| Pintle || 1,000 (200) || 577 || -8°/+60° || ±120°
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="5" | [[Type 74 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Type 74]]
 +
|-
 +
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
 +
|-
 +
| Coaxial || 4,500 (250) || 701 || N/A || N/A
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
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== Usage in the battles ==
+
== Usage in battles ==
−
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''
+
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' -->
 +
The Type 90 is an extremely capable vehicle in the hands of an experienced tanker, but heed must be paid to the vehicle's weaknesses at all times.
 +
 
 +
'''Rural Combat'''
 +
 
 +
The Type 90 is very capable in rural combat where cover is plentiful and flanking routes are available. It should ideally be used for early flanks where available (such as the eastern flank on [[Maginot Line (Ground Forces)|Maginot Line]]) or when unavailable, pushing quickly for early captures before moving to a nearby protected location to hold that point. It's important to be aware of which routes might be sniper-covered early, as many snipers (such as the [[Challenger 2]] or [[Ariete PSO]]) will easily penetrate the Type 90, even at range - avoid giving them the opportunity.
 +
 
 +
'''Urban Combat'''
 +
 
 +
The Type 90 can prove itself to be an excellent urban combat vehicle, primarily due to its mobility and reliably fast reload. As in rural combat, an early push for a cap can prove viable before moving into a protected position, although often by the time the capture is completed enemy targets will be nearby. Early flanking (such as around the sides of [[American Desert]]) is also viable.
 +
 
 +
'''Notable Targets'''
 +
 
 +
* [[Challenger 2]] - The Challenger 2 is often found as a sniper due to its pin-point accuracy, good reload and excellent turret armour. The Type 90 should never be used to face a sniping CR2 head-on, but instead should attempt to flank or force engagements at close range where weak spots are easily targeted.
 +
* [[M1A2 Abrams]] - The M1A2 Abrams has excellent frontal protection and can prove tricky to discern from earlier models in the heat of a battle. As a general rule it's preferable to aim for the gun mantlet or turret ring on any Abrams, despite the fact that JM33 will penetrate nearly anywhere on early models - better safe than sorry.
 +
* [[Leopard 2A5]] - The Leopard 2A5 is very well protected, although JM33 will punch through its hull without any significant trouble. Avoid fighting a hull-down 2A5 head-on, rather taking flanking routes when available. If no choice is presented, aim for the gun mantlet or the turret ring.
 +
* [[T-80U]] - The T-80U is extremely well protected from the front, and care should be taken when engaging - aim for the driver viewport or the lower front plate; or where these are not options try to disable its gun through the mantlet. If flanking, side shots will often knock out the T-80U in one shot.
 +
* [[Leclerc]] - The Leclerc is extremely fast, with a power-to-weight ratio not far short of the Type 90's. When pushing early for caps or flanks, be aware that the Leclerc may be one of the first vehicles you'll counter.
 +
* [[Leopard 2K]] - The Leopard 2K has the best power-to-weight ratio of any MBT currently in War Thunder, and it will often be capable of getting to positions before the Type 90. Keep in mind that it can be penetrated anywhere, but aware the 'bouncy' armour; aim carefully.
 +
* [[AMX-40]] - The AMX-40 is extremely mobile and caution is advised when pushing early. Fortunately, the AMX-40 has negligible protection and JM33 will make quick work of it.
  
 
=== Pros and cons ===
 
=== Pros and cons ===
−
''Summarize and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Do not use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - they have a substitution in the form of softer "inadequate", "effective".''
+
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' -->
  
 
'''Pros:'''
 
'''Pros:'''
−
*
+
 
 +
* Relatively small profile despite visual similarities to the [[Leopard 2A4]]
 +
* Autoloaded 120 mm cannon, 4-second reload unaffected by crew or fire
 +
* Extremely mobile with its high power-to-weight ratio
 +
* Fitted with [[hydropneumatic suspension]], although this can only be operated when stationary
 +
* JM33 APFSDS round is competitive
 +
* Primary ammunition storage protected within blow-out containment in the rear of the turret
 +
* Hydropneumatic suspension can lower the tank significantly, allowing you to hide behind relatively low hills and ridges
  
 
'''Cons:'''
 
'''Cons:'''
−
*
 
  
−
== Historical part ==
+
* Despite having composite protection in the turret and upper front plate, it's insufficient protection for many of the tanks it will face
−
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ground vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/historical reference" (example: https://wiki.warthunder.com/Name-vehicles/historical reference) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to include links to sources at the end of the article.''
+
* Only three crew, a well-placed shot can easily cause a full crew knock-out
 +
* Can only carry 19 rounds before additional ammo is stored in the unsafe hull racks
 +
* Hydropneumatic suspension ceases to work when the engine is hit
 +
* Poor stock grind - HEAT-FS is easily countered by nearly all enemies the Type 90 faces and JM33 is a tier III modification
 +
* Relatively poor gun depression of -7° (contemporary MBTs have -9° or -10°) unless the suspension is used
 +
* Large and weak mantlet - 20 mm shells can rip straight through, knocking out crew members or destroying the breech
 +
* JM33 struggles against higher-rank opponents if not aimed at weak spots
 +
* Slow elevation/depression speed for the main gun
 +
* Slower turret traverse than most other MBTs
 +
 
 +
== History ==
 +
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' -->
 +
Development of the Type 90 began almost immediately after the introduction of the Type 74 into service, with the Japanese High Command already looking for a superior replacement. A central aspect of the new machine would have to be the ability to take on and defeat the new Soviet T-72 main battle tank. With that in mind, Japanese engineers began working on a prototype design, which would see completion in 1980. Two prototypes of this initial design were built, tested and improved upon between 1980 - 1986.
 +
 
 +
Testing resumed in 1986 with a second batch of four prototype vehicles, featuring a number of improvements over the initial two. The most significant change included the replacement of a Japanese-made 120mm smoothbore gun with the established Rheinmetall 120 L/44, most notably used by the M1A1 Abrams and Leopard 2 at the time. The decision to change the gun from a domestic one to a licence-built alternative most likely came as a measure to reduce production costs. However, unlike the MBTs of western armies, the designers of the Type 90 opted to equip the tank with an autoloading mechanism, making it the only production vehicle that did so in combination with the Rh 120 cannon. Further testing and army trials of these prototypes was conducted during the late 80s before the Japanese army formally introduced the tank into service in 1990 as the Type 90. Production of the Type 90 began in 1990 and continued until 2009, with 341 vehicles made.
 +
 
 +
''- From [[wt:en/news/5499-development-type-90-the-lightweight-heavy-hitter-en|Devblog]]''
  
 
== Media ==
 
== Media ==
−
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''
+
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' -->
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 +
;Skins
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 +
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=jp_type_90 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]
 +
{{Skin-gallery |market|ugcitem_1000299|Type 90 digital training paint.png|Camo "Digital training paint"}}
 +
 
 +
;Videos
 +
{{Youtube-gallery|p6cWlyUnJQA|'''Top 7 off-road beasts'''  discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:27  - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|31ZOmtzI_2g|'''The Shooting Range #107''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:35 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|K-9ObimGTJI|'''JGSDF Type 90: Actual Sound Recording''' - ''DMM GAMES Official Channel''|G_jOfO3g_iA|'''JGSDF Type 90: 360° Video''' - ''DMM GAMES Official Channel''|xarYzM07uSk|[JP] '''Former SDF member spectates Type 90 at firing range''' (Part 1)|AyvnH_sBgrg|[JP] '''Former SDF member rides Type 90 at firing range''' (Part 2)}}
 +
 
 +
== See also ==
 +
<!--''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
  
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== Read also ==
 
−
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example,''
 
 
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
 
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
−
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''
+
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''-->
−
''ETC.''
+
 
 +
;Related Development
 +
* [[Type 90 (Family)]]
 +
** [[Type 90 (B)]] - <small>(equipped with mounting plates for a Type 92 mine-roller)</small>
 +
** [[Type 90 (B) "Fuji"]]
 +
* [[Type 10 (Family)]] - <small>(successor)</small>
 +
 
 +
;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role
 +
{{columns|2|
 +
* [[File:France flag.png|30px|link=]] [[Leclerc (Family)]]
 +
* [[File:FRG flag.png|30px|link=]] [[Leopard 2 (Family)]]
 +
* [[File:Italy flag.png|30px|link=]] [[Ariete (Family)]]
 +
* [[File:USA flag.png|30px|link=]] [[M1 Abrams (Family)]]
 +
* [[File:USA flag.png|30px|link=]] [[File:FRG flag.png|30px|link=]] [[MBT-70]] / [[KPz-70]] / [[XM-803]]
 +
* [[File:Britain flag.png|30px|link=]] [[Challenger (Disambiguation)|Challenger MBT]]
 +
* [[File:Israel flag.png|30px|link=]] [[Merkava (Family)]]
 +
* [[File:USSR flag.png|30px|link=]] [[T-72 (Family)|T-72 / T-90 (Family)]]
 +
* [[File:USSR flag.png|30px|link=]] [[T-80 (Family)]]
 +
* [[File:China flag.png|30px|link=]] [[ZTZ96 (Family)]]
 +
* [[File:China flag.png|30px|link=]] [[ZTZ99 (Family)]]
 +
}}
  
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== Sources ==
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== External links ==
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''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
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<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
 
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
 
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
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* ''page on the Wikipedia;''
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* ''other literature.'' -->
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* ''other literature.''
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* [[wt:en/news/5499-development-type-90-the-lightweight-heavy-hitter-en|[Devblog] Type 90: The Lightweight Heavy Hitter]]
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{{Japan medium tanks}}

Latest revision as of 19:53, 27 June 2024

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This page is about the Japanese medium tank Type 90. For the other version, see Type 90 (Family). For other uses, see Type 90 (Disambiguation).
Type 90
jp_type_90.png
GarageImage Type 90.jpg
ArtImage Type 90.png
Type 90
Japan flag.png Japan
VII Rank
Battle rating:
AB RB SB
11.3 11.3 11.3
Class:
Research:300 000 Specs-Card-Exp.png
Purchase:830 000 Specs-Card-Lion.png
Show in game

Description

The Type 90 (90式戦車) was initially accepted into service in 1990 as a replacement for both the Type 61 and Type 74 models. With the Type 74 adopting service, it was rather late to the scene and had to compare with the newer generation of MBTs like the T-72 (Family), Leopard 2 (Family) and M1 Abrams (Family). For that reason, the Type 90's development was called instantly after the Type 74's adoption. While closely resembling Western-style MBTs, the emphasises of the Type 90 lay in its technical features from the FCS system, Onboard computer, automated tracking and autoloader.

It was introduced in Update 1.79 "Project X". Despite its appearance being similar to the Leopard 2A4 and mounting a license-produced Rheinmetall L44-based cannon, it is significantly different in a number of aspects. LWS and the main feature the Type 90 offers and will be very obvious is the 4-second autoloader it employs, this allows the Type 90 to essentially suppress other MBTs even if they wouldn't result in kill shots. The tank also offers a very beefy engine, being among the faster MBTs it can keep up with lighter-tracked vehicles and get into position as fast as possible.

General info

Survivability and armour

Composite armour
Balanced protection against all types of ammunition
Smoke grenades
Creation of a smoke screen in front of the vehicle
LWS
Notifies about the vehicle's exposure to laser emissions
Self-entrenching equipment
Creation of ramparts and trenches in soft ground
Armourfront / side / back
Hull40 / 35 / 25
Turret35 / 80 / 25
Crew3 people
Visibility96 %
Type 90 Protection Density Visualisation

The Type 90 MBT sacrifices protection and survivability in order to attain a smaller profile and a lighter vehicle overall (vehicle weight is important in Japan in order to pass over their many bridges). As such, most 'improved' rounds available to other MBTs at the same BR (such as the Leopard 2A5's DM33, or the Leclerc's OFL 120 F1) will punch through even the Type 90's turret cheeks or upper front plate. It's important to keep in mind that even some autocannon ammunition will easily penetrate some of the weaker sections of the Type 90 from the front.

Despite the mediocre protection, the Type 90 has one main survivability feature: its primary ammunition is stored in blowout-protected compartments, sparing the crew from side shots on the rear of the turret, providing no more than 19 rounds are carried. Unfortunately, however, due to the autoloaded cannon the Type 90 is crewed by only 3, increasing the chances of being disabled from an initial shot.

Armour Front (Slope angle) Sides Rear Roof
Hull 25 mm (82°) Driver's hatch
35 mm (47-83°) Upper glacis
40 mm (44°) Lower glacis 		35 mm
10 mm Side Skirts
25 mm Top 		25 mm (16-60°) All rear
15 mm Engine grille 		25 mm (0-8°) Hull roof incl. engine deck
5 mm Engine grille
Turret 40 mm Cheeks incl. gunner optics
35 mm Mantlet
35 mm Rear Mantlet Plate 		40 mm Forward
33 mm + 80 mm (air) + 40 mm Middle spaced armour
12 mm + 80 mm (air) + 35 mm Rear spaced armour 		25 mm 35 mm (78-83°) Forehead Armour
20 mm (90°) Rear turret incl. cupola

Notes:

  • Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick.
  • Belly armour is 20 mm thick.
  • Composite armour covers the front hull and the turret:
Composite armour Front (Slope angle) Sides
Hull Upper glacis
320 - 450 mm Kinetic
420 - 600 mm Chemical
Lower glacis
37 - 300 mm Kinetic
20 - 380 mm Chemical 		N/A
Turret Turret cheeks
400 - 450 mm Kinetic
640 - 660 mm Chemical
Gun mantlet
275 - 375 mm Kinetic
500 - 600 mm Chemical 		Side forward
78 - 400 mm Kinetic
81 - 490 mm Chemical
Side middle
77 mm Kinetic
80 mm Chemical

Mobility

 
Controlled suspension
It is possible to adjust the ground clearance or more complex suspension positions
Speedforward / back
AB81 / 38 km/h
RB and SB73 / 34 km/h
Number of gears7 forward
2 back
Weight50.2 t
Engine power
AB2 862 hp
RB and SB1 500 hp
Power-to-weight ratio
AB57.0 hp/t
RB and SB29.9 hp/t
Game Mode Max Speed (km/h) Weight (tons) Engine power (horsepower) Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
Forward Reverse Stock Upgraded Stock Upgraded
Arcade 81 38 50.2 2032 2,862 40.48 57.01
Realistic 73 34 1327 1,500 26.43 29.88

The Type 90 is powered by a 10-cylinder two-stroke diesel engine producing a maximum of 1,500 horsepower at 2400 RPM. Combined with its relatively light weight of only 50.2 tonnes, this gives it an excellent power-to-weight ratio of 29.88. As such, the Type 90 is often one of the first vehicles to reach cap points in a match, and can comfortably flank or move into advantageous positions earlier than many of its contemporaries. This power is transferred to the drive sprockets via an automatic transmission with 7 forward and 2 backward gears, unfortunately limiting the otherwise extremely mobile vehicle to 72 km/h (RB/SB) forwards and -33 km/h (RB/SB) backwards - speeds which it will reach with ease on-road.

The Type 90 also mounts hydropneumatic suspension, allowing it to actively change the vehicle's ride height and angle. This can be used to improve traction on angled surfaces.

Modifications and economy

Repair costBasic → Reference
AB4 212 → 6 570 Sl icon.png
RB4 165 → 6 497 Sl icon.png
SB5 102 → 7 959 Sl icon.png
Total cost of modifications243 500 Rp icon.png
407 000 Sl icon.png
Talisman cost2 900 Ge icon.png
Crew training240 000 Sl icon.png
Experts830 000 Sl icon.png
Aces2 100 Ge icon.png
Research Aces1 140 000 Rp icon.png
Reward for battleAB / RB / SB
150 / 190 / 210 % Sl icon.png
238 / 238 / 238 % Rp icon.png
Modifications
Mobility Protection Firepower
Mods new tank traks.png
Tracks
Research:
13 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
20 000 Sl icon.png
330 Ge icon.png
Mods new tank suspension.png
Suspension
Research:
12 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
19 000 Sl icon.png
310 Ge icon.png
Mods new tank break.png
Brake System
Research:
12 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
19 000 Sl icon.png
310 Ge icon.png
Mods new tank filter.png
Filters
Research:
13 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
20 000 Sl icon.png
330 Ge icon.png
Mods new tank transmission.png
Transmission
Research:
21 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
33 000 Sl icon.png
540 Ge icon.png
Mods new tank engine.png
Engine
Research:
21 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
33 000 Sl icon.png
540 Ge icon.png
Mods tank tool kit.png
Improved Parts
Research:
3 900 Rp icon.png
Cost:
20 000 Sl icon.png
330 Ge icon.png
Mods extinguisher.png
Improved FPE
Research:
3 600 Rp icon.png
Cost:
19 000 Sl icon.png
310 Ge icon.png
Mods tank reinforcement jp.png
Crew Replenishment
Research:
13 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
20 000 Sl icon.png
330 Ge icon.png
Mods smoke screen.png
Smoke grenade
Research:
21 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
33 000 Sl icon.png
540 Ge icon.png
Mods new tank horizontal aiming.png
Horizontal Drive
Research:
13 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
20 000 Sl icon.png
330 Ge icon.png
Mods dozer blade.png
Dozer Blade
Research:
13 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
20 000 Sl icon.png
330 Ge icon.png
Mods tank cannon.png
Adjustment of Fire
Research:
12 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
19 000 Sl icon.png
310 Ge icon.png
Mods tank ammo.png
120mm_NATO_APDS_FS_ammo_pack
Research:
12 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
19 000 Sl icon.png
310 Ge icon.png
Mods new tank vertical aiming.png
Elevation Mechanism
Research:
13 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
20 000 Sl icon.png
330 Ge icon.png
Mods counterMeasures.png
LWS/LR
Research:
13 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
20 000 Sl icon.png
330 Ge icon.png
Mods thermal sight.png
NVD
Research:
13 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
20 000 Sl icon.png
330 Ge icon.png
Mods art support.png
Artillery Support
Research:
21 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
33 000 Sl icon.png
540 Ge icon.png

Armaments

Laser rangefinder
Reduces the error and increases the maximum measurable distance of the rangefinder
Night vision device
Improves visibility by enhancing natural light or active illumination.
Thermal imager
Allows to see thermal radiation in the infrared range day and night

Main armament

120 mm Type 90 L/44 cannon
Two-plane stabilizer
Reduces the swing of the gun in two planes while moving
Autoloader
Automatically feeds projectiles into the breech. The speed does not depend on the skills of the loader
Ammunition42 rounds
First-order18 rounds
Reload4.0 s
Vertical guidance-7° / 10°
Main article: Type 90 L/44 (120 mm)

The Type 90 L/44 120 mm cannon is a license-produced clone of the Rheinmetall L/44 cannon found on the Leopard 2 series and the M1A1/M1A2. As such, it shares their excellent accuracy and firepower characteristics, with a key advantage: the Type 90 is autoloaded. This results in a flat 4 second reload, better than the peak manually loaded speeds available to the other L/44-mounting vehicles (6 seconds). Additionally, reloads are not hindered by fire or the loss of crew members. The Type 90 has two rounds available to it; the powerful JM33 APFSDS round (based off the NATO DM33 round) and the JM12A1 HEAT-FS round (based off DM12A1). These rounds are more than capable of penetrating any opponent the Type 90 may face, although when facing some later vehicles such as the M1A2 or Leopard 2A5, weak points must be targeted.

120 mm Type 90 L/44 Turret rotation speed (°/s) Reloading rate (seconds)
Mode Capacity Vertical Horizontal Stabilizer Stock Upgraded Full Expert Aced Autoloader
Arcade 42 -7°/+10° ±180° Two-plane 28.6 39.5 48.0 53.1 56.5 4.00
Realistic 17.9 21.0 25.5 28.2 30.0

Ammunition

Penetration statistics
Ammunition Type of
warhead 		Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
10 m 100 m 500 m 1,000 m 1,500 m 2,000 m
JM12A1 HEATFS 480 480 480 480 480 480
JM33 APFSDS 481 478 470 461 450 440
Shell details
Ammunition Type of
warhead 		Velocity
(m/s) 		Projectile
mass (kg) 		Fuse delay
(m) 		Fuse sensitivity
(mm) 		Explosive mass
(TNT equivalent) (kg) 		Ricochet
0% 50% 100%
JM12A1 HEATFS 1,140 13.5 0.05 0.1 2.15 65° 72° 77°
JM33 APFSDS 1,640 4.3 - - - 78° 80° 81°

Ammo racks

Ammo racks of the Type 90
Full
ammo 		1st
rack empty 		2nd
rack empty 		3rd
rack empty 		Visual
discrepancy
42 39 (+3) 19 (+23) 1 (+41) No

Notes:

  • Hull empty: 19 (+23) shells
  • The autoloader contains 18 shells. Once these have all been fired, the autoloader must be replenished before being able to fire again.

Optics and night vision

The Type 90 receives night vision imagers once the tier 3 modification 'NVD' is researched. This unlocks standard 500 x 300 resolution thermal sights for the gunner, as well as standard image intensifiers for all crew (available in third person view in AB/RB additionally).

Type 90 Optics
Type of optic Magnification Night Vision Devices
Image Intensifier Thermal Imager
Resolution 		Notes
Resolution Light Mult Noise Level
Gunner's Sight 8.0x - 16.1x -- -- -- 500 x 300 Intensifier & thermal sights unlocked by 'NVD' modification (tier 3)
Commander's View 6.0x 1600 x 1200 9.0 High N/A Intensifier unlocked by 'NVD' modification (tier 3)
Driver's View 1.0x 800 x 600 5.0 High N/A Intensifier unlocked by 'NVD' modification (tier 3)

Machine guns

12.7 mm M2HB machine gun
Ammunition600 rounds
Belt capacity200 rounds
Reload8.0 s
Fire rate575 shots/min
Vertical guidance-8° / 60°
Horizontal guidance-120° / 120°
7.62 mm Type 74 machine gun (coaxial)
Ammunition4 500 rounds
Belt capacity250 rounds
Reload8.0 s
Fire rate701 shots/min
Main articles: M2HB (12.7 mm), Type 74 (7.62 mm)

The Type 90 mounts two machine guns; one pintle-mounted 12.7 mm and one coaxial mounted 7.62 mm. These can be used as deterrent for low-flying aircraft, clearing light obstacles or crew from open-top vehicles, or spotting enemy vehicles.

12.7 mm M2HB
Mount Capacity (Belt) Fire rate Vertical Horizontal
Pintle 1,000 (200) 577 -8°/+60° ±120°
7.62 mm Type 74
Mount Capacity (Belt) Fire rate Vertical Horizontal
Coaxial 4,500 (250) 701 N/A N/A

Usage in battles

The Type 90 is an extremely capable vehicle in the hands of an experienced tanker, but heed must be paid to the vehicle's weaknesses at all times.

Rural Combat

The Type 90 is very capable in rural combat where cover is plentiful and flanking routes are available. It should ideally be used for early flanks where available (such as the eastern flank on Maginot Line) or when unavailable, pushing quickly for early captures before moving to a nearby protected location to hold that point. It's important to be aware of which routes might be sniper-covered early, as many snipers (such as the Challenger 2 or Ariete PSO) will easily penetrate the Type 90, even at range - avoid giving them the opportunity.

Urban Combat

The Type 90 can prove itself to be an excellent urban combat vehicle, primarily due to its mobility and reliably fast reload. As in rural combat, an early push for a cap can prove viable before moving into a protected position, although often by the time the capture is completed enemy targets will be nearby. Early flanking (such as around the sides of American Desert) is also viable.

Notable Targets

  • Challenger 2 - The Challenger 2 is often found as a sniper due to its pin-point accuracy, good reload and excellent turret armour. The Type 90 should never be used to face a sniping CR2 head-on, but instead should attempt to flank or force engagements at close range where weak spots are easily targeted.
  • M1A2 Abrams - The M1A2 Abrams has excellent frontal protection and can prove tricky to discern from earlier models in the heat of a battle. As a general rule it's preferable to aim for the gun mantlet or turret ring on any Abrams, despite the fact that JM33 will penetrate nearly anywhere on early models - better safe than sorry.
  • Leopard 2A5 - The Leopard 2A5 is very well protected, although JM33 will punch through its hull without any significant trouble. Avoid fighting a hull-down 2A5 head-on, rather taking flanking routes when available. If no choice is presented, aim for the gun mantlet or the turret ring.
  • T-80U - The T-80U is extremely well protected from the front, and care should be taken when engaging - aim for the driver viewport or the lower front plate; or where these are not options try to disable its gun through the mantlet. If flanking, side shots will often knock out the T-80U in one shot.
  • Leclerc - The Leclerc is extremely fast, with a power-to-weight ratio not far short of the Type 90's. When pushing early for caps or flanks, be aware that the Leclerc may be one of the first vehicles you'll counter.
  • Leopard 2K - The Leopard 2K has the best power-to-weight ratio of any MBT currently in War Thunder, and it will often be capable of getting to positions before the Type 90. Keep in mind that it can be penetrated anywhere, but aware the 'bouncy' armour; aim carefully.
  • AMX-40 - The AMX-40 is extremely mobile and caution is advised when pushing early. Fortunately, the AMX-40 has negligible protection and JM33 will make quick work of it.

Pros and cons

Pros:

  • Relatively small profile despite visual similarities to the Leopard 2A4
  • Autoloaded 120 mm cannon, 4-second reload unaffected by crew or fire
  • Extremely mobile with its high power-to-weight ratio
  • Fitted with hydropneumatic suspension, although this can only be operated when stationary
  • JM33 APFSDS round is competitive
  • Primary ammunition storage protected within blow-out containment in the rear of the turret
  • Hydropneumatic suspension can lower the tank significantly, allowing you to hide behind relatively low hills and ridges

Cons:

  • Despite having composite protection in the turret and upper front plate, it's insufficient protection for many of the tanks it will face
  • Only three crew, a well-placed shot can easily cause a full crew knock-out
  • Can only carry 19 rounds before additional ammo is stored in the unsafe hull racks
  • Hydropneumatic suspension ceases to work when the engine is hit
  • Poor stock grind - HEAT-FS is easily countered by nearly all enemies the Type 90 faces and JM33 is a tier III modification
  • Relatively poor gun depression of -7° (contemporary MBTs have -9° or -10°) unless the suspension is used
  • Large and weak mantlet - 20 mm shells can rip straight through, knocking out crew members or destroying the breech
  • JM33 struggles against higher-rank opponents if not aimed at weak spots
  • Slow elevation/depression speed for the main gun
  • Slower turret traverse than most other MBTs

History

Development of the Type 90 began almost immediately after the introduction of the Type 74 into service, with the Japanese High Command already looking for a superior replacement. A central aspect of the new machine would have to be the ability to take on and defeat the new Soviet T-72 main battle tank. With that in mind, Japanese engineers began working on a prototype design, which would see completion in 1980. Two prototypes of this initial design were built, tested and improved upon between 1980 - 1986.

Testing resumed in 1986 with a second batch of four prototype vehicles, featuring a number of improvements over the initial two. The most significant change included the replacement of a Japanese-made 120mm smoothbore gun with the established Rheinmetall 120 L/44, most notably used by the M1A1 Abrams and Leopard 2 at the time. The decision to change the gun from a domestic one to a licence-built alternative most likely came as a measure to reduce production costs. However, unlike the MBTs of western armies, the designers of the Type 90 opted to equip the tank with an autoloading mechanism, making it the only production vehicle that did so in combination with the Rh 120 cannon. Further testing and army trials of these prototypes was conducted during the late 80s before the Japanese army formally introduced the tank into service in 1990 as the Type 90. Production of the Type 90 began in 1990 and continued until 2009, with 341 vehicles made.

- From Devblog

Media

Skins
Skin icon market.pngMarket
Type 90 digital training paint.png
Camo "Digital training paint"
Videos
Top 7 off-road beasts discusses the Type 90 at 4:27 - War Thunder Official Channel
The Shooting Range #107 - Metal Beasts section at 00:35 discusses the Type 90.
JGSDF Type 90: Actual Sound Recording - DMM GAMES Official Channel
JGSDF Type 90: 360° Video - DMM GAMES Official Channel
[JP] Former SDF member spectates Type 90 at firing range (Part 1)
[JP] Former SDF member rides Type 90 at firing range (Part 2)

See also

Related Development
Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

External links


Japan medium tanks
Type 97  Chi-Ha · Chi-Ha Kai · Chi-Ha Kai TD · Chi-Ha Short Gun
Type 1  Chi-He · Chi-He (5th Regiment) · Ho-I
Type 3  Chi-Nu · Chi-Nu II
Type 4  Chi-To · Chi-To Late
Type 5  Chi-Ri II
Type 61 MBT  ST-A1* · ST-A2* · ST-A3* · Type 61
Type 74 MBT  ST-B2* · Type 74 (C) · Type 74 (E) · Type 74 (F) · Type 74 (G)
Type 90 MBT  Type 90 · Type 90 (B) · Type 90 (B) "Fuji"
Type 10 MBT  TKX (P)* · TKX* · Type 10
Other  Ka-Chi
USA  ▅M4A3 (76) W · ▅M47
  *Prototype

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