Difference between revisions of "M8"

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This page is about the American-made rocket M8. For other uses, see M8 (Disambiguation).

Description

The M8 rocket (scale is approximate)

Side view of an M8 4.75 inch unguided rocket.

The 4.5-inch (114 mm) M8 fin-stabilised rocket is approximately 33 in (0.83 m) in length and 40 lb (18.1 kg) and is almost an equivalent of a 105 mm Shell M1. This rocket utilises an M4 fuse which explodes after a 0.015-sec delay set off by auxiliary M1 booster.

The components of the rocket break down into three separate sections, the fuse, shell and motor body. The shell of the rocket or the head is made up of a warhead body fitted with a burster tube. The burster tube itself extends from the shell through the rocket body and through the rocket motor, the purpose of this is to expand the explosive capability of the rocket by utilising the rocket motor as an additional source of fragmentation in the explosion. Once fired, folding fins around the tail flange will extend and spin-stabilise the rocket.

The M8 rocket requires a tube launcher to launch (as opposed to being installed directly to external hardpoints) and this is accomplished by mounting an M10 cluster launcher to the underside of the aircraft's wings or fuselage belly. The M10 is a cluster of three 10-foot tubes manufactured from plastic (M14s are made from steel and M15s are constructed of magnesium alloy) and are banded together in six places and are secured to the aircraft via two mounting straps, front and rear. The rear strap also bears the electrical connections which link up to the rockets once in the tubes as the firing links. The release and contact mechanisms are protected from flying links and fired casings ejected from the wing guns to prevent accidental damage or drop release of the M10 launcher.

Vehicles equipped with this weapon

Vehicles equipped with this weapon
Fighters
P-39	P-39N-0 · P-39Q-5
P-47	P-47D-22-RE · ▄Thunderbolt Mk.1 · P-47D-28
P-51D	P-51D-5 · P-51D-10 · ␗P-51D-20 · P-51D-20-NA · P-51D-30 · P-51H-5-NA · ␗P-51K
Twin-engine fighters	P-38G-1 · XP-38G · P-38J-15 · Bong's P-38J-15
Strike aircraft	A-20G-25
Medium tanks	Calliope · M26 T99

General info

A soldier holding an M8 rocket prior to loading in a launch tube.

Rocket characteristics
Mass	17 kg
Maximum speed	260 m/s
Explosive mass	1.95 kg TNTeq
Warhead type	HE

Effective damage

After slamming into a target a slight delay will set off the explosive mass of the missile, causing the TNT shell to detonate along with fragmenting the rocket body and motor. Damage is caused by both the high explosive and fragmentation.

Comparison with analogues

Give a comparative description of rockets that have firepower equal to this weapon.

Usage in battles

The M8 rockets are typically mounted on an aircraft in groups of three (usually two launchers of three). The M8 rocket is typically best utilised against personnel, installations and light armoured vehicles due to the fantastic fragmentation of this rocket upon impact and explosion.

Pros and cons

Pros:

Lightweight, able to mount on fighter aircraft
Can be used against bombers

Cons:

Inaccurate, best fired in groups to increase the chance of hitting a target
Increases aerodynamic drag, decreasing flight efficiency

History

The American M8 Rocket, known as the "M8 Rocket Launcher," is a significant chapter in the history of World War II artillery. It was developed during the early 1940s to address the need for a versatile and mobile ground-based rocket artillery system. The M8 Rocket Launcher's design featured a truck-mounted launch platform equipped with multiple launch tubes capable of firing 4.5-inch M8 rockets, which were often colloquially referred to as "Calliope" rockets. This system was developed to provide rapid and concentrated firepower on the battlefield.

One of the standout features of the M8 Rocket Launcher was its adaptability. It could be mounted on a variety of vehicles, most notably the Sherman tank, leading to the creation of the "Sherman Calliope." This configuration enabled armored units to deliver devastating indirect fire support while remaining mobile, a significant advantage in dynamic warfare. The M8 rocket system was instrumental in the development of barrage fire tactics, involving the rapid launching of multiple rockets to saturate a specific area with explosive firepower.

The M8 Rocket Launcher had a profound impact on the course of World War II, especially for American and Allied forces. It played a pivotal role in critical campaigns such as the Normandy landings (D-Day), where it provided essential fire support for the assault troops. The sight and sound of M8 rockets firing was not only intimidating but also highly effective in supporting ground forces during the intense combat of World War II. After the war, as military technology advanced, the M8 Rocket Launcher was gradually phased out in favor of more sophisticated rocket artillery systems.

Media

Images

Image of ground crew member adjusting M8 rocket launch tubes under the wing of an A-20G-25.
Crew members loading M8 rocket tubes under the wing of an P-47D in Saipan, 1944.
An M8 rocket with its stabilising fins out (right) and an M16 rocket (left).
An A-20G-25 firing off an M8 rocket from an M10 Bazooka tube launcher.
A P-39Q-5 firing off an M8 rocket from an underwing M10 Bazooka tube launcher.

External links

Rockets
USA
70 mm	FFAR Mighty Mouse · Hydra-70 M247
110 mm	M8
127 mm	HVAR · Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP
298 mm	Tiny Tim
408 mm	Yasser
Germany
55 mm	R4M
73 mm	RZ.65
88 mm	Pb2
150 mm	Wgr.41 Spr
210 mm	Wfr.Gr.21
USSR
55 mm	S-5K · S-5KP · S-5M
80 mm	S-8KO · S-8M
82 mm	M-8 · ROS-82 · RBS-82
122 mm	S-13OF
127 mm	S-3K
132 mm	M13 · M-13UK · ROFS-132 · ROS-132 · RBS-132
212 mm	S-1of · S-21
240 mm	S-24 · S-24B
300 mm	M-31
420 mm	S-25O · S-25OF · S-25OFM
425 mm	TT-250
Britain
51 mm	RP
70 mm	CRV7 M247
80 mm	Type R80 SURA T-80-P 3 · Type R80 SURA T-80-US 3
87 mm	AP Mk I · AP Mk II
152 mm	RP-3
183 mm	Triplex R.P.
292 mm	Uncle Tom · Red Angel
Japan
100 mm	Type 5 No.1 Mod.9
120 mm	Type 3 No.1 Mod.28 Mk.1
130 mm	Type 75
210 mm	Type 3 No.6 Mod.27 Mk.1 · Type 5 No.6 Mod.9
China
55 mm	Type 57-1
70 mm	FS70
90 mm	Type 90-1
130 mm	Type 130-2
Italy
50 mm	ARF/8M3(AP-AT)
70 mm	Skyfire-70 AC/AP
France
68 mm	SNEB type 23 · TDA
70 mm	FZ49
100 mm	TBA ECC · TBA Multi-Dart 100 AB
120 mm	T10 140 · T10 151
Sweden
75 mm	srak m/55 Frida · srak m/57B
81 mm	Oerlikon Typ 3Z 8Dla
135 mm	m/56D · psrak m/70
145 mm	psrak m/49B · Psrak m/49/56
150 mm	srak m/51
180 mm	hprak m/49
Israel
80 mm	Flz.-Rakete Oerlikon
127 mm	AR

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+[[File:4.5_in_M8_rocket_diagram.jpg|thumbnail|right|x250px|]]
+{{About
+| about = American-made rocket '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
+|usage = other uses
+|link = M8 (Disambiguation)
+}}
 == Description ==
-''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''
+<!-- ''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.'' -->
+[[File:WeaponImage M8.png|thumb|left|420px|The M8 rocket (scale is approximate)]]
+[[File:M8_rocket_sideview.jpg|520px|thumb|right|Side view of an '''{{PAGENAME}}''' 4.75 inch unguided rocket.]]
+{{break}}
+The 4.5-inch (114 mm) '''{{PAGENAME}}''' fin-stabilised rocket is approximately 33 in (0.83 m) in length and 40 lb (18.1 kg) and is almost an equivalent of a 105 mm Shell M1. This rocket utilises an M4 fuse which explodes after a 0.015-sec delay set off by auxiliary M1 booster.
+The components of the rocket break down into three separate sections, the fuse, shell and motor body. The shell of the rocket or the head is made up of a warhead body fitted with a burster tube. The burster tube itself extends from the shell through the rocket body and through the rocket motor, the purpose of this is to expand the explosive capability of the rocket by utilising the rocket motor as an additional source of fragmentation in the explosion. Once fired, folding fins around the tail flange will extend and spin-stabilise the rocket.
+The M8 rocket requires a tube launcher to launch (as opposed to being installed directly to external hardpoints) and this is accomplished by mounting an M10 cluster launcher to the underside of the aircraft's wings or fuselage belly. The M10 is a cluster of three 10-foot tubes manufactured from plastic (M14s are made from steel and M15s are constructed of magnesium alloy) and are banded together in six places and are secured to the aircraft via two mounting straps, front and rear. The rear strap also bears the electrical connections which link up to the rockets once in the tubes as the firing links. The release and contact mechanisms are protected from flying links and fired casings ejected from the wing guns to prevent accidental damage or drop release of the M10 launcher.
 === Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===
 <!-- ''List out vehicles that are equipped with the weapon.'' -->
-{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon|expand=1}}
-{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Fighters'''}}{{Specs-Link|p-39n}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-39q_5}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-47d-28}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-51d-5}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-51d-10}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-51d-20-na}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-51d-30_usaaf_korea}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-51h-5_na}}
+{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}
+{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Fighters'''}}
+{{Navigation-Line|P-39}}{{Specs-Link|p-39n}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-39q_5}}
+{{Navigation-Line|P-47}}{{Specs-Link|p-47d_22_re}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|thunderbolt_mk1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-47d-28}}
+{{Navigation-Line|P-51D}}{{Specs-Link|p-51d-5}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-51d-10}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-51d-20_china}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-51d-20-na}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-51d-30_usaaf_korea}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-51h-5_na}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-51k}}
 {{Navigation-First-Line|'''Twin-engine fighters'''}}{{Specs-Link|p-38g}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-38g_metal}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-38j}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-38j_marge}}
-{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Attackers'''}}{{Specs-Link|a-20g}}
-{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Ships'''}}{{Specs-Link|us_higgins_78ft_pt625}}
+{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Strike aircraft'''}}{{Specs-Link|a-20g}}
+{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Medium tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4_sherman_calliope}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m26_t99}}
 {{Navigation-End}}
 == General info ==
-''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the bomb.''
+<!-- ''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the rocket.'' -->
+[[File:M8_4.5in_fin_stabilized_rocket.png|300px|thumb|right|A soldier holding an '''{{PAGENAME}}''' rocket prior to loading in a launch tube.]]
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
+! colspan="2" | Rocket characteristics
+|-
+| '''Mass''' || 17 kg
+|-
+| '''Maximum speed''' || 260 m/s
+|-
+| '''Explosive mass''' || 1.95 kg TNTeq
+|-
+| '''Warhead type''' || HE
+|-
+|}
 === Effective damage ===
-''Describe the type of damage produced by this type of bomb (high explosive, splash damage, etc)''
+<!-- ''Describe the type of damage produced by this type of rocket (high explosive, splash damage, etc)'' -->
+After slamming into a target a slight delay will set off the explosive mass of the missile, causing the TNT shell to detonate along with fragmenting the rocket body and motor. Damage is caused by both the high explosive and fragmentation.
 === Comparison with analogues ===
-''Give a comparative description of bombs that have firepower equal to these type of weapons.''
+''Give a comparative description of rockets that have firepower equal to this weapon.''
 == Usage in battles ==
-''Describe situations when you would utilize this bomb in game (vehicle, pillbox, base, etc)''
+<!-- ''Describe situations when you would utilise this rocket in-game (vehicle, pillbox, base, etc)'' -->
+The M8 rockets are typically mounted on an aircraft in groups of three (usually two launchers of three). The M8 rocket is typically best utilised against personnel, installations and light armoured vehicles due to the fantastic fragmentation of this rocket upon impact and explosion.
 === Pros and cons ===
-''Summarize and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''
+<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.'' -->
 '''Pros:'''
-*
+* Lightweight, able to mount on fighter aircraft
+* Can be used against bombers
 '''Cons:'''
-*
+* Inaccurate, best fired in groups to increase the chance of hitting a target
+* Increases aerodynamic drag, decreasing flight efficiency
 == History ==
-''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of this weapon. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article.''
+The American M8 Rocket, known as the "M8 Rocket Launcher," is a significant chapter in the history of World War II artillery. It was developed during the early 1940s to address the need for a versatile and mobile ground-based rocket artillery system. The M8 Rocket Launcher's design featured a truck-mounted launch platform equipped with multiple launch tubes capable of firing 4.5-inch M8 rockets, which were often colloquially referred to as "Calliope" rockets. This system was developed to provide rapid and concentrated firepower on the battlefield.
+One of the standout features of the M8 Rocket Launcher was its adaptability. It could be mounted on a variety of vehicles, most notably the Sherman tank, leading to the creation of the "Sherman Calliope." This configuration enabled armored units to deliver devastating indirect fire support while remaining mobile, a significant advantage in dynamic warfare. The M8 rocket system was instrumental in the development of barrage fire tactics, involving the rapid launching of multiple rockets to saturate a specific area with explosive firepower.
+The M8 Rocket Launcher had a profound impact on the course of World War II, especially for American and Allied forces. It played a pivotal role in critical campaigns such as the Normandy landings (D-Day), where it provided essential fire support for the assault troops. The sight and sound of M8 rockets firing was not only intimidating but also highly effective in supporting ground forces during the intense combat of World War II. After the war, as military technology advanced, the M8 Rocket Launcher was gradually phased out in favor of more sophisticated rocket artillery systems.
 == Media ==
-''An excellent addition to the article would be a video guide, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''
+<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' -->
+;Images
+<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150">
+File:A-20_4.5in-M8rockets.jpg|<small>Image of ground crew member adjusting M8 rocket launch tubes under the wing of an [[A-20G-25]].</small>
+File:P-47D_with_bazooka_rocket_tubes.jpg|<small>Crew members loading M8 rocket tubes under the wing of an [[P-47 (Family)|P-47D]] in Saipan, 1944.</small>
+File:M8_fins_out.png|<small>An M8 rocket with its stabilising fins out (right) and an M16 rocket (left).</small>
+File:A-20G-25_firingoff_M8.jpg|<small>An [[A-20G-25]] firing off an M8 rocket from an M10 Bazooka tube launcher.</small>
+File:P-39Q-5_firingoff_M8.jpg|<small>A [[P-39Q-5]] firing off an M8 rocket from an underwing M10 Bazooka tube launcher.</small>
+</gallery>
 == See also ==
 ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
 * ''reference to the article about the variant of the weapon;''
 * ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''
 == External links ==
-''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
+<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
 * ''topic on the official game forum;''
-* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
+* ''other literature.'' -->
-* ''other literature.''
+* [http://bulletpicker.com/pdf/USNBD%20-%20US%20Rockets%20and%20Fuzes.pdf US Rockets and Fuzes - United States Navy Bomb Disposal Manual, 15 May 1945, pg. 14]
+* [https://sill-www.army.mil/firesbulletin/archives/1946/OCT_1946/OCT_1946_FULL_EDITION.pdf Hedekin, Thomas B., The Field Artillery Journal, October 1946, Volume 36, No. 10, page 568]
+* [http://bulletpicker.com/pdf/OS%209-69,%20Rockets%20and%20Launchers,%20All%20Types.pdf OS-9-69 Rockets and Launchers, All Types, The Ordnance School - Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, February 1944, pages 65, 67 and 68.]
+* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/450684-m8-rocket-performance-error/ War Thunder Forum Bug Report: M8 Rocket Performance Error]
+* [[wikipedia:M8_(rocket)|Wikipedia - M8 (rocket)]]
 {{Rockets}}
-{{Naval special armaments}}
 [[Category:Suspended armaments]]
-[[Category:Naval special armaments]]

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