Difference between revisions of "M4A3 (105)"
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{{Specs-Card | {{Specs-Card | ||
|code=us_m4a3_105_sherman | |code=us_m4a3_105_sherman | ||
| − | |images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}} | + | |images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}} |
}} | }} | ||
== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | <!--''In the description, the first part | + | <!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --> |
| + | Though the M4 Sherman entered service with a 75 mm cannon, it was believed that the M4 Sherman platform could also be used to lob larger high-explosive shells in a direct-fire role. As such, work quickly began on a 105 mm howitzer mount for the M4 Sherman, with first tests starting on an M4A4E1 platform. Awkward ergonomics within the tank turret and an unbalanced turret design delayed proper tests of the howitzer-armed tank until February 1943. US soldier experiences overseas, namely in the Italian Theater, validated the need for a howitzer-armed Sherman as troops coming across heavy fortifications had to rely on the M7 Priest for their artillery guns, which was poorly suited for the direct fire role. The howitzer-armed M4 Sherman was approved for use and production started in February 1944 to be ready for the Normandy invasion, with the chosen chassis being the M4 (105) and M4A3 (104). Chrysler Corporation was contracted to produce all howitzer-armed tanks and helped produce a total of 4,680 units, with 2,539 being the M4A3 (105) HVSS. These tanks would see use not only in the European Theater but also in the Pacific Theater and even after World War II in the Korean War. | ||
| − | + | Introduced alongside the American ground tree in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]], the M4A3 (105) is a surprising beast where it is at in the ranks. Although the 105 mm relies only on chemical rounds in high-explosives and HEAT to do damage, the opponents the M4A3 (105) can face mostly have relatively thin armour spots that the explosive rounds can do significant damage on. The late-generation M4 Sherman design means that the M4A3 hull is of a single-slope design, which actually gives the tank relatively good frontal protection against the enemies it can face, with the armour able to go up to 100 mm in effective thickness. Finally, the use of a M4A3 chassis with its better engine power and HVSS design means it rides along the battlefield smoothly, giving it relatively good mobility and a stable platform for a faster stop-n-shoot tactic, though not as smooth as a 75 mm-armed M4 Sherman at this rank as the M4A3 (105) does not have a stabilizer. The M4A3 (105) can be a weapon to strike fear into the enemies, especially when used in a coordinated fashion with the rest of the team. | |
== General info == | == General info == | ||
=== Survivability and armour === | === Survivability and armour === | ||
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}} | {{Specs-Tank-Armour}} | ||
| − | <!--''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat?'' | + | <!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --> |
| + | The M4A3 (105) has certain flaws that can be exploited quite well. First of all, the howitzer armament means that the shell travels in a low-velocity, meaning the M4A3 (105) will be unlikely to engage at a long distance. Another is the fact that the M4A3 (105)'s gun has a long reload and a slow traverse speed, meaning it is also not very good in a close-range encounter. Despite these flaws, the M4A3 (105) is a formidable foe with its armament. The HE and HEAT shell the 105 mm can dish out has a real possibility to knock out friendly crew and teammates, if not absolutely destroying light tanks. These high-explosives can also break tracks easily, causing the player tank to be immobilized and exposed not only to the M4A3 (105), but to the other enemies as well, and the M4A3 (105) will most likely not be alone. | ||
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| + | To engage the M4A3 (105), try not to engage its frontal armour if in a tank with BR lower than 3.7. Its frontal armour, despite what most will say about the Sherman's armour, is quite formidable and can deflect most incoming enemy round from light and medium tanks. This is why it is recommended to bring high-velocity guns like the [[M7 (76 mm)|3-inch]] on the M10 or the [[KwK40 L43 (75 mm)|long 75 mm]] on the later Panzer IV. If it can't be engaged from the front, manoeuvre to its side and rear armour, as these armour plates are extremely vulnerable to even 37 mm guns. When manoeuvring around the M4A3 (105), try not to expose the tank for a prolonged time and move faster than the M4A3 (105)'s slow turret traverse rate (though beware that the M4A3 can compensate this slow turn by turning the entire body). If fast enough, a tank could also move past the 105 mm low-velocity shell and mess up the enemy's lead. This will eventually lead to a good shot on the M4A3's weak points. Another simpler and less mobile way is to lie in wait in a tank destroyer such as the StuG III for the M4A3 to move right into the TD's line of fire, giving a clean shot to a vulnerable armour part. A good shot on a general part of the hull can ignite one of the many ammo racks strewn around the interior. | ||
| − | + | '''Armour type:''' | |
| − | '''Armour type:''' | ||
| − | *Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof) | + | * Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof) |
| − | *Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Transmission area) | + | * Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Transmission area) |
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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| Turret || 76.2 mm (3-67°) ''Turret front'' <br> 88.9 mm (3-86°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 50.8 mm (2-69°) || 50.8 mm (2-66°) || 25.4 mm | | Turret || 76.2 mm (3-67°) ''Turret front'' <br> 88.9 mm (3-86°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 50.8 mm (2-69°) || 50.8 mm (2-66°) || 25.4 mm | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | + | | Cupola || 63.5 mm || 63.5 mm || 63.5 mm || 25.4 mm | |
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|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, bogies are 10 mm thick, and tracks are 20 mm thick. | * Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, bogies are 10 mm thick, and tracks are 20 mm thick. | ||
| − | * Lower part of the hull ( | + | * Lower part of the hull (transmission housing) is 107.9 mm thick |
* A small patch on the turret front right side is thinner (50.8 mm) than the rest (76.2 mm). | * A small patch on the turret front right side is thinner (50.8 mm) than the rest (76.2 mm). | ||
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=== Mobility === | === Mobility === | ||
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<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --> | <!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --> | ||
| − | {{tankMobility|abMinHp= 775|rbMinHp= 442 | + | {{tankMobility|abMinHp= 775|rbMinHp= 442}} |
=== Modifications and economy === | === Modifications and economy === | ||
{{Specs-Economy}} | {{Specs-Economy}} | ||
| − | + | "Parts", "FPE" and "M67 shot" are key modules. Focus then on Firepower improvements, and "Artillery Support". After that, all mobility upgrades are welcomed. | |
== Armaments == | == Armaments == | ||
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==== Ammunition ==== | ==== Ammunition ==== | ||
| − | { | + | {{:M4 (105 mm)/Ammunition|M1 shell, M67 shot, M84}} |
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| − | | M1 shell | ||
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==== [[Ammo racks]] ==== | ==== [[Ammo racks]] ==== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | Notes: | + | '''Notes''': |
* Racks disappear after you've fired all shells in the rack. | * Racks disappear after you've fired all shells in the rack. | ||
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== Usage in battles == | == Usage in battles == | ||
| − | <!--''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''--> | + | <!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --> |
| − | This tank plays best as a support tank, stay with other tanks that have better side armour while using the relatively thick front armour to soak a few shots. Use the HEAT rounds to penetrate most armour of the M4A3 (105)'s rank and above, and remember that the M4A3 (105) is no brawler, so staying in the front line too close to hostiles will most likely spell a K.O. by ammo or crew. This tank gun has a very low velocity, so make sure to compensate for a large amount of drop | + | This tank plays best as a support tank, stay with other tanks that have better side armour while using the relatively thick front armour to soak a few shots. Use the HEAT rounds to penetrate most armour of the M4A3 (105)'s rank and above, and remember that the M4A3 (105) is no brawler, so staying in the front line too close to hostiles will most likely spell a K.O. by ammo or crew. This tank gun has a very low velocity, so make sure to compensate for a large amount of drop. |
| − | Having in mind the large calibre of this tank's main weapon, one can conclude that the HE shell (M1 shell) is big enough to dispatch some tanks. However, any armour larger than 28 mm won't let the explosion result in penetration. So for firing at strong armour plates, the HEAT shell (M67 shot) is required. It should be a top priority to research it. The HE shell will, however, be the most effective option whenever this Sherman's controller can find a suitably soft spot in the enemy vehicle's armour. Against soft vehicles, like most [[:Category:Anti-aircraft_vehicles|SPAA]], the choice of ammunition for the main gun is fairly irrelevant, since a single shot should be enough to dispatch one of these, and remaining crew members can be taken down with one of the tank's [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|Browning]] machine guns, although HE is certainly the most effective at dishing out damage when armour is absent. | + | Having in mind the large calibre of this tank's main weapon, one can conclude that the HE shell (M1 shell) is big enough to dispatch some tanks. However, any armour larger than 28 mm won't let the explosion result in penetration. So for firing at strong armour plates, the HEAT shell (M67 shot) is required. It should be a top priority to research it. The HE shell will, however, be the most effective option whenever this Sherman's controller can find a suitably soft spot in the enemy vehicle's armour. Against soft vehicles, like most [[:Category:Anti-aircraft_vehicles|SPAA]], the choice of ammunition for the main gun is fairly irrelevant, since a single shot should be enough to dispatch one of these, and remaining crew members can be taken down with one of the tank's [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Browning]] machine guns, although HE is certainly the most effective at dishing out damage when armour is absent. |
The HEAT round, unlike the HE one, has a tracer charge, which facilitates aiming. This is not critical, however, since the HE shell's sheer size allows for it to be seen without too much effort. | The HEAT round, unlike the HE one, has a tracer charge, which facilitates aiming. This is not critical, however, since the HE shell's sheer size allows for it to be seen without too much effort. | ||
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| + | As with other Shermans, playing hull-down is highly beneficial. If you can't get in a full hull-down position, try to be partially climbed up against a hill, and use your great gun depression. With the additional 10 degrees of angle, your frontal armour becomes even stronger. | ||
====Tactics==== | ====Tactics==== | ||
<!--Specific methods of play in different situations, label the methods with pros and cons (if possible) based on vehicle's performances (i.e. Using the M22 Locust and getting close to the target so gun depression cannot reach it.)--> | <!--Specific methods of play in different situations, label the methods with pros and cons (if possible) based on vehicle's performances (i.e. Using the M22 Locust and getting close to the target so gun depression cannot reach it.)--> | ||
| − | The M4A3 (105) HVSS Sherman is a support tank, not a | + | The M4A3 (105) HVSS Sherman is a support tank, not a frontline brawler. Its adequate armour protection and a powerful gun put it on about the level of the [[M10 GMC|M10 Tank Destroyer]], but it has certain flaws and qualities that make it different than the usual Sherman tanks. Due to the 105 mm howitzer, knocking out the enemy crew in lightly armoured vehicles is a piece of cake. Aim for the enemy tank's lower turret to cause the most damage possible with the HE shells, as the HE shrapnel can be deflected down onto the hull roof and knock out the enemy crew. The 105 mm HE could also be aimed at the enemy tracks to blow it off, immobilizing the enemy. If none of the HE shells does damage to the target (which shouldn't happen most of the time), a well-placed HEAT shell, once unlocked, can easily set a tank aflame or blow up ammo stores. Don't get to close to enemy vehicles unless it is a limited traverse gun tank destroyer, in which case blow up its tracks with a HE that should do the trick. |
| − | A downfall | + | A downfall of the M4A3 (105) is its average mobility, slow turret traverse, and slow reload. Therefore, it is recommended to stick to allied tanks like glue or rely on hit-and-run tactics. The low velocity makes long-range shots relatively difficult. Never stay in the sights of tanks such as the long-barreled 75 mm [[Pz.IV F2]]/[[Pz.IV G|G]], StuG III [[StuG III F|F]]/[[StuG III G|G]] or [[T-34 (1942)|T-34]]/[[KV-1 (L-11)|KV-1]]. These tanks can penetrate the M4A3 (105)'s front armour, some more easily than others. Try not to get hit in the rear area as it will set the tank on fire and immobilize it, putting it in an extremely disadvantageous situation. |
'''Enemies worth noting:''' | '''Enemies worth noting:''' | ||
| − | [[LVT(A)(4) (ZiS-2) (China)|LVT(A)(4)(ZiS-2)]]: don't assume that you are indestructible in a downtier. If you see the giant boat-like chassis of a LVT but with a long cannon on top, be very careful. This LVT is able to penetrate your armour easily within | + | * [[LVT(A)(4) (ZiS-2) (China)|LVT(A)(4)(ZiS-2)]]: don't assume that you are indestructible in a downtier. If you see the giant boat-like chassis of a LVT but with a long cannon on top, be very careful. This LVT is able to penetrate your armour easily within 400 m, or if you are not angling the hull. To block its incoming shells, either angle your hull, be at a hull-down position or be >500 m away from it. While its shells can tear through your armour with ease, you can also effortlessly destroy it with your HEAT by causing overpressure. While you reload, don't forget to wiggle around in a patternless way to mess up its aim. Its gun traverse rather slowly, making it quite hard to keep up with moving targets. |
| + | * [[SU-122]]: this Soviet tank destroyer is dangerous as it fires devastating 122 mm HE shells. The overpressure will easily take out most if not all your crew with a good frontal hit. It can also penetrate you with HEAT even if you angle. It has the mobility to manoeuvre around quickly. Your HE shell can knock out its crew in return if it lands close to the crew compartment. Your HEAT shell can reliably penetrate its armour all round (excluding driver's hatch) if it is not angling. | ||
| + | * [[Pz.IV F2]] & [[Pz.IV G]]: If you don't angle, the long-barreled Pz.IVs can frontally penetrate the M4 with their 7,5 cm KwK40 L/43 gun, even with the stock PzGr 39 APCBC ammunition. | ||
=== Pros and cons === | === Pros and cons === | ||
| − | <!--'' | + | <!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --> |
'''Pros:''' | '''Pros:''' | ||
| − | + | * HE shells can cause serious damage even with a non-penetrating hit through overpressure mechanics | |
| − | * HE shells can cause serious | ||
* HEAT shell option with approximately 130 mm of penetration at any range, making it able to take on even the KV-1 from the front | * HEAT shell option with approximately 130 mm of penetration at any range, making it able to take on even the KV-1 from the front | ||
| − | * Both HE and HEAT shells have a high chance of causing | + | * Both HE and HEAT shells have a high chance of causing overpressure on lightly-armoured foes |
* .50 cal machine gun on top can provide AA defence | * .50 cal machine gun on top can provide AA defence | ||
| − | * Good mobility | + | * Good mobility |
* HVSS suspension gives good cross-country mobility | * HVSS suspension gives good cross-country mobility | ||
* Wide tracks makes it easier to brake at high speeds and climb steep mountains | * Wide tracks makes it easier to brake at high speeds and climb steep mountains | ||
* Better sloped frontal armour that can withstand lots of punishment | * Better sloped frontal armour that can withstand lots of punishment | ||
| − | * Smoke grenades | + | * Smoke grenades and smoke shells are very useful for team support and self-protection |
'''Cons:''' | '''Cons:''' | ||
| − | * Poor ballistics, especially with HEAT shells, long-range fighting is not recommended, due to its extremely low | + | * Poor ballistics, especially with HEAT shells, long-range fighting is not recommended, due to its extremely low muzzle velocity |
* Slow reverse speed, retreating from dangerous situations may be a hassle | * Slow reverse speed, retreating from dangerous situations may be a hassle | ||
| − | * Stock HE ineffective against | + | * Stock HE ineffective against heavily armoured tanks |
* HEAT shell post-penetration damage is somewhat punctual, follow up shots may be required at times | * HEAT shell post-penetration damage is somewhat punctual, follow up shots may be required at times | ||
* Often targeted due to the large 105 mm gun | * Often targeted due to the large 105 mm gun | ||
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* Very slow turret traverse rate, relies on turning hull to get gun onto targets away from turret front | * Very slow turret traverse rate, relies on turning hull to get gun onto targets away from turret front | ||
* Poor stationary turning ability combined with slow turret traverse makes flanking enemies a dangerous foe | * Poor stationary turning ability combined with slow turret traverse makes flanking enemies a dangerous foe | ||
| − | * Long reload | + | * Long reload time |
| − | * Only equipped with chemical shells (HE/HEAT) which require a different playstyle compared to kinetic shells (AP/APCBC) | + | * Only equipped with chemical shells (HE/HEAT) which require a different playstyle compared to kinetic shells (AP/APCBC) |
== History == | == History == | ||
| − | <!--''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the | + | <!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --> |
| − | The [[M4|M4 Sherman]] were originally equipped with the | + | The [[M4|M4 Sherman]] were originally equipped with the 75 mm M3 cannon. Though the 75 mm was thought to be an overall effective gun, certain situations called for more destructive power. Enter the 105 mm M4 Howitzer, a mountable artillery piece for a tank. The army decided to arm the Shermans with these artillery pieces for a radical increase in explosive power. The first of its model was a [[M4A2|M4A2 Sherman]] with its turret mounting the formidable cannon in the M52 mount, these Shermans were designated '''M4(105)''' and were accepted into service in February 1944. Later, M4A3 Shermans were also being converted into 105 mm with the name '''M4A3(105)''' When the HVSS was developed for the M4 Shermans by mean of the M4A3E8, the same was applied to the M4s with the 105 mm because of its increased weight, so an improved suspension would increase mobility. These Shermans were then designated to '''M4(105) HVSS''' or '''M4A3(105) HVSS''' and remained that way to the end of the war. The 105 mm Shermans were produced by Chrysler Corporation at the Detroit Tank Arsenal. 800 M4(105) and 841 M4(105) HVSS were produced from February 1944 to March 1945, and 500 M4A3(105) and 2539 M4A3(105) HVSS were produced in May 1944 to June 1945. This brings a total of 4680 Shermans with the 105 mm howitzer as its main armament during its production time. |
| − | After World War II ended, the M4A3E8 with the | + | After World War II ended, the M4A3E8 with the 76 mm cannon and 105 mm howitzer became the mainstay of the United States armoured forces as they were the most advanced version of the Shermans at the time. The M4 (105) are also quite good tank killers. Documents show that the HEAT rounds fired from the 105 mm has penetrated through a Panther's frontal armour, which could kill the crew. Even then, the sufficiently powerful high-explosive rounds could cause massive spalling inside tanks, harming the crew inside. |
| − | + | {{break}} | |
| − | + | {{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}} | |
| + | {{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}} | ||
| + | In May 1944 the Detroit Tank Arsenal launched production of M4A3s equipped with 105 mm M4 howitzers. The modification happened similarly to the M4 (105) modernization, one of the most serious alterations of the tank's armament to be made. The upgraded turret boasted a 105 mm howitzer in place of the 76 mm cannon, making the tank capable of taking on many German models. | ||
Shermans with the 105 mm cannon did not have wet stowage. Instead, their ammunition was kept in dry stowages, meaning that the storage bins were kept in the center of the battle compartment. The Detroit Tank Arsenal produced 800 M4A3(105)s between February 1943 and September 1943, though the earlier models did not have a cupola. | Shermans with the 105 mm cannon did not have wet stowage. Instead, their ammunition was kept in dry stowages, meaning that the storage bins were kept in the center of the battle compartment. The Detroit Tank Arsenal produced 800 M4A3(105)s between February 1943 and September 1943, though the earlier models did not have a cupola. | ||
| − | M4A3(105)s saw combat on the Western Front and in Italy between 1944 and 1945. | + | M4A3(105)s saw combat on the Western Front and in Italy between 1944 and 1945. |
| + | {{Navigation-End}} | ||
== Media == | == Media == | ||
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;Skins | ;Skins | ||
| − | * [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/? | + | * [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_m4a3_105_sherman Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.] |
;Videos | ;Videos | ||
| − | {{Youtube-gallery|_xCgMBOiA8U|'''High-explosive power''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:24 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|PUw2CQ8e0lE|'''Best Combo #1''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 0:55 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|QoKRrQfYfeE|'''Impenetrable and Penetrating tank - M4A3 (105) Sherman''' - ''HowToPlay1337 | + | {{Youtube-gallery|_xCgMBOiA8U|'''High-explosive power''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:24 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|PUw2CQ8e0lE|'''Best Combo #1''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 0:55 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|QoKRrQfYfeE|'''Impenetrable and Penetrating tank - M4A3 (105) Sherman''' - ''HowToPlay1337''}} |
== See also == | == See also == | ||
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* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;'' | * ''reference to the series of the vehicles;'' | ||
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --> | * ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --> | ||
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;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role | ;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role | ||
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* [[wikipedia:M4_Sherman|[Wikipedia] M4 Sherman]] | * [[wikipedia:M4_Sherman|[Wikipedia] M4 Sherman]] | ||
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/US/M4_Sherman <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Medium Tank M4 Sherman] | * [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/US/M4_Sherman <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Medium Tank M4 Sherman] | ||
| − | * [https://archive.org/details/FM17-76 [Manual<nowiki>]</nowiki> FM 17-76 - Crew Drill and Service of the Piece Medium Tank, M4 Series (105-mm Howitzer)] | + | * [https://archive.org/details/FM17-76 [Manual<nowiki>]</nowiki> FM 17-76 - Crew Drill and Service of the Piece Medium Tank, M4 Series (105-mm Howitzer)] |
{{USA medium tanks}} | {{USA medium tanks}} | ||
Latest revision as of 21:18, 29 July 2024
| This page is about the American medium tank M4A3 (105). For other M4 Shermans, see M4 Sherman (Family). For other uses, see M4 (Disambiguation). |
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Contents
Description
Though the M4 Sherman entered service with a 75 mm cannon, it was believed that the M4 Sherman platform could also be used to lob larger high-explosive shells in a direct-fire role. As such, work quickly began on a 105 mm howitzer mount for the M4 Sherman, with first tests starting on an M4A4E1 platform. Awkward ergonomics within the tank turret and an unbalanced turret design delayed proper tests of the howitzer-armed tank until February 1943. US soldier experiences overseas, namely in the Italian Theater, validated the need for a howitzer-armed Sherman as troops coming across heavy fortifications had to rely on the M7 Priest for their artillery guns, which was poorly suited for the direct fire role. The howitzer-armed M4 Sherman was approved for use and production started in February 1944 to be ready for the Normandy invasion, with the chosen chassis being the M4 (105) and M4A3 (104). Chrysler Corporation was contracted to produce all howitzer-armed tanks and helped produce a total of 4,680 units, with 2,539 being the M4A3 (105) HVSS. These tanks would see use not only in the European Theater but also in the Pacific Theater and even after World War II in the Korean War.
Introduced alongside the American ground tree in Update 1.45 "Steel Generals", the M4A3 (105) is a surprising beast where it is at in the ranks. Although the 105 mm relies only on chemical rounds in high-explosives and HEAT to do damage, the opponents the M4A3 (105) can face mostly have relatively thin armour spots that the explosive rounds can do significant damage on. The late-generation M4 Sherman design means that the M4A3 hull is of a single-slope design, which actually gives the tank relatively good frontal protection against the enemies it can face, with the armour able to go up to 100 mm in effective thickness. Finally, the use of a M4A3 chassis with its better engine power and HVSS design means it rides along the battlefield smoothly, giving it relatively good mobility and a stable platform for a faster stop-n-shoot tactic, though not as smooth as a 75 mm-armed M4 Sherman at this rank as the M4A3 (105) does not have a stabilizer. The M4A3 (105) can be a weapon to strike fear into the enemies, especially when used in a coordinated fashion with the rest of the team.
General info
Survivability and armour
Smoke grenades
Creation of a smoke screen in front of the vehicle
Armourfront / side / back
Hull38 / 38 / 38
Turret76 / 50 / 50
Crew5 people
Visibility122 %
The M4A3 (105) has certain flaws that can be exploited quite well. First of all, the howitzer armament means that the shell travels in a low-velocity, meaning the M4A3 (105) will be unlikely to engage at a long distance. Another is the fact that the M4A3 (105)'s gun has a long reload and a slow traverse speed, meaning it is also not very good in a close-range encounter. Despite these flaws, the M4A3 (105) is a formidable foe with its armament. The HE and HEAT shell the 105 mm can dish out has a real possibility to knock out friendly crew and teammates, if not absolutely destroying light tanks. These high-explosives can also break tracks easily, causing the player tank to be immobilized and exposed not only to the M4A3 (105), but to the other enemies as well, and the M4A3 (105) will most likely not be alone.
To engage the M4A3 (105), try not to engage its frontal armour if in a tank with BR lower than 3.7. Its frontal armour, despite what most will say about the Sherman's armour, is quite formidable and can deflect most incoming enemy round from light and medium tanks. This is why it is recommended to bring high-velocity guns like the 3-inch on the M10 or the long 75 mm on the later Panzer IV. If it can't be engaged from the front, manoeuvre to its side and rear armour, as these armour plates are extremely vulnerable to even 37 mm guns. When manoeuvring around the M4A3 (105), try not to expose the tank for a prolonged time and move faster than the M4A3 (105)'s slow turret traverse rate (though beware that the M4A3 can compensate this slow turn by turning the entire body). If fast enough, a tank could also move past the 105 mm low-velocity shell and mess up the enemy's lead. This will eventually lead to a good shot on the M4A3's weak points. Another simpler and less mobile way is to lie in wait in a tank destroyer such as the StuG III for the M4A3 to move right into the TD's line of fire, giving a clean shot to a vulnerable armour part. A good shot on a general part of the hull can ignite one of the many ammo racks strewn around the interior.
Armour type:
- Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof)
- Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Transmission area)
| Armour | Front (Slope angle) | Sides | Rear | Roof |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hull | 63.5 mm (47°) Front glacis 63.5-107.9 mm (5-56°) Transmission area |
38.1 mm | 38.1 mm (22°) Top 38.1 mm (13-44°) Bottom |
19.5 mm |
| Turret | 76.2 mm (3-67°) Turret front 88.9 mm (3-86°) Gun mantlet |
50.8 mm (2-69°) | 50.8 mm (2-66°) | 25.4 mm |
| Cupola | 63.5 mm | 63.5 mm | 63.5 mm | 25.4 mm |
Notes:
- Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, bogies are 10 mm thick, and tracks are 20 mm thick.
- Lower part of the hull (transmission housing) is 107.9 mm thick
- A small patch on the turret front right side is thinner (50.8 mm) than the rest (76.2 mm).
Mobility
Speedforward / back
AB47 / 7 km/h
RB and SB42 / 6 km/h
Number of gears5 forward
1 back
Weight31.7 t
Engine power
AB954 hp
RB and SB500 hp
Power-to-weight ratio
AB30.1 hp/t
RB and SB15.8 hp/t
| Game Mode | Max Speed (km/h) | Weight (tons) | Engine power (horsepower) | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Forward | Reverse | Stock | Upgraded | Stock | Upgraded | ||
| Arcade | 47 | 7 | 31.7 | 775 | 954 | 24.45 | 30.09 |
| Realistic | 42 | 6 | 442 | 500 | 13.94 | 15.77 | |
Modifications and economy
Repair costBasic → Reference
AB540 → 730 
RB601 → 813
SB736 → 995
Total cost of modifications8 410 
9 470
Talisman cost640 
Crew training4 500
Experts16 000
Aces160
Research Aces190 000
Reward for battleAB / RB / SB
30 / 50 / 60 %
118 / 118 / 118 %
| Mobility | Protection | Firepower | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
"Parts", "FPE" and "M67 shot" are key modules. Focus then on Firepower improvements, and "Artillery Support". After that, all mobility upgrades are welcomed.
Armaments
Main armament
Ammunition66 rounds
Reloadbasic crew → aces
13.0 → 10.0 s
Vertical guidance-10° / 35°
| 105 mm M4 | Turret rotation speed (°/s) | Reloading rate (seconds) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mode | Capacity | Vertical | Horizontal | Stabilizer | Stock | Upgraded | Full | Expert | Aced | Stock | Full | Expert | Aced |
| Arcade | 66 | -10°/+35° | ±180° | N/A | 5.7 | 7.9 | 9.6 | 10.6 | 11.3 | 13.00 | 11.50 | 10.60 | 10.00 |
| Realistic | 3.6 | 4.2 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 6.0 | ||||||||
Ammunition
| Penetration statistics | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammunition | Type of warhead |
Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm) | |||||
| 10 m | 100 m | 500 m | 1,000 m | 1,500 m | 2,000 m | ||
| M1 shell | HE | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 |
| M67 shot | HEAT | 130 | 130 | 130 | 130 | 130 | 130 |
| Shell details | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammunition | Type of warhead |
Velocity (m/s) |
Projectile mass (kg) |
Fuse delay (m) |
Fuse sensitivity (mm) |
Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (kg) |
Ricochet | |||||
| 0% | 50% | 100% | ||||||||||
| M1 shell | HE | 472 | 14.85 | 0 | 0.1 | 2.18 | 79° | 80° | 81° | |||
| M67 shot | HEAT | 381 | 13.14 | 0.05 | 0.1 | 1.61 | 62° | 69° | 73° | |||
| Smoke shell characteristics | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammunition | Velocity (m/s) |
Projectile mass (kg) |
Screen radius (m) |
Screen deploy time (s) |
Screen hold time (s) |
Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (g) |
| M84 | 457 | 14.9 | 20 | 5 | 25 | 50 |
Ammo racks
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Ammo racks of the M4A3 (105)
| Full ammo |
1st rack empty |
2nd rack empty |
3rd rack empty |
4th rack empty |
5th rack empty |
Visual discrepancy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 66 | 54 (+12) | 34 (+32) | 22 (+44) | 13 (+53) | 1 (+65) | No |
Notes:
- Racks disappear after you've fired all shells in the rack.
- To go into battle with the turret empty of ammo, pack 22 (+44) shells (racks 1 to 3 emptied).
Machine guns
Ammunition600 rounds
Belt capacity200 rounds
Reloadbasic crew → aces
10.4 → 8.0 s
Fire rate575 shots/min
Vertical guidance-10° / 30°
Horizontal guidance-60° / 60°
7.62 mm M1919A4 machine gun (coaxial)
Ammunition3 000 rounds
Belt capacity250 rounds
Reloadbasic crew → aces
10.4 → 8.0 s
Fire rate500 shots/min
| 12.7 mm M2HB | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mount | Capacity (Belt) | Fire rate | Vertical | Horizontal |
| Pintle mount | 600 (200) | 576 | -10°/+30° | ±60° |
| 7.62 mm M1919A4 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mount | Capacity (Belt) | Fire rate | Vertical | Horizontal |
| Coaxial | 3,000 (250) | 500 | N/A | N/A |
Usage in battles
This tank plays best as a support tank, stay with other tanks that have better side armour while using the relatively thick front armour to soak a few shots. Use the HEAT rounds to penetrate most armour of the M4A3 (105)'s rank and above, and remember that the M4A3 (105) is no brawler, so staying in the front line too close to hostiles will most likely spell a K.O. by ammo or crew. This tank gun has a very low velocity, so make sure to compensate for a large amount of drop.
Having in mind the large calibre of this tank's main weapon, one can conclude that the HE shell (M1 shell) is big enough to dispatch some tanks. However, any armour larger than 28 mm won't let the explosion result in penetration. So for firing at strong armour plates, the HEAT shell (M67 shot) is required. It should be a top priority to research it. The HE shell will, however, be the most effective option whenever this Sherman's controller can find a suitably soft spot in the enemy vehicle's armour. Against soft vehicles, like most SPAA, the choice of ammunition for the main gun is fairly irrelevant, since a single shot should be enough to dispatch one of these, and remaining crew members can be taken down with one of the tank's 7.62 mm Browning machine guns, although HE is certainly the most effective at dishing out damage when armour is absent.
The HEAT round, unlike the HE one, has a tracer charge, which facilitates aiming. This is not critical, however, since the HE shell's sheer size allows for it to be seen without too much effort.
As with other Shermans, playing hull-down is highly beneficial. If you can't get in a full hull-down position, try to be partially climbed up against a hill, and use your great gun depression. With the additional 10 degrees of angle, your frontal armour becomes even stronger.
Tactics
The M4A3 (105) HVSS Sherman is a support tank, not a frontline brawler. Its adequate armour protection and a powerful gun put it on about the level of the M10 Tank Destroyer, but it has certain flaws and qualities that make it different than the usual Sherman tanks. Due to the 105 mm howitzer, knocking out the enemy crew in lightly armoured vehicles is a piece of cake. Aim for the enemy tank's lower turret to cause the most damage possible with the HE shells, as the HE shrapnel can be deflected down onto the hull roof and knock out the enemy crew. The 105 mm HE could also be aimed at the enemy tracks to blow it off, immobilizing the enemy. If none of the HE shells does damage to the target (which shouldn't happen most of the time), a well-placed HEAT shell, once unlocked, can easily set a tank aflame or blow up ammo stores. Don't get to close to enemy vehicles unless it is a limited traverse gun tank destroyer, in which case blow up its tracks with a HE that should do the trick.
A downfall of the M4A3 (105) is its average mobility, slow turret traverse, and slow reload. Therefore, it is recommended to stick to allied tanks like glue or rely on hit-and-run tactics. The low velocity makes long-range shots relatively difficult. Never stay in the sights of tanks such as the long-barreled 75 mm Pz.IV F2/G, StuG III F/G or T-34/KV-1. These tanks can penetrate the M4A3 (105)'s front armour, some more easily than others. Try not to get hit in the rear area as it will set the tank on fire and immobilize it, putting it in an extremely disadvantageous situation.
Enemies worth noting:
- LVT(A)(4)(ZiS-2): don't assume that you are indestructible in a downtier. If you see the giant boat-like chassis of a LVT but with a long cannon on top, be very careful. This LVT is able to penetrate your armour easily within 400 m, or if you are not angling the hull. To block its incoming shells, either angle your hull, be at a hull-down position or be >500 m away from it. While its shells can tear through your armour with ease, you can also effortlessly destroy it with your HEAT by causing overpressure. While you reload, don't forget to wiggle around in a patternless way to mess up its aim. Its gun traverse rather slowly, making it quite hard to keep up with moving targets.
- SU-122: this Soviet tank destroyer is dangerous as it fires devastating 122 mm HE shells. The overpressure will easily take out most if not all your crew with a good frontal hit. It can also penetrate you with HEAT even if you angle. It has the mobility to manoeuvre around quickly. Your HE shell can knock out its crew in return if it lands close to the crew compartment. Your HEAT shell can reliably penetrate its armour all round (excluding driver's hatch) if it is not angling.
- Pz.IV F2 & Pz.IV G: If you don't angle, the long-barreled Pz.IVs can frontally penetrate the M4 with their 7,5 cm KwK40 L/43 gun, even with the stock PzGr 39 APCBC ammunition.
Pros and cons
Pros:
- HE shells can cause serious damage even with a non-penetrating hit through overpressure mechanics
- HEAT shell option with approximately 130 mm of penetration at any range, making it able to take on even the KV-1 from the front
- Both HE and HEAT shells have a high chance of causing overpressure on lightly-armoured foes
- .50 cal machine gun on top can provide AA defence
- Good mobility
- HVSS suspension gives good cross-country mobility
- Wide tracks makes it easier to brake at high speeds and climb steep mountains
- Better sloped frontal armour that can withstand lots of punishment
- Smoke grenades and smoke shells are very useful for team support and self-protection
Cons:
- Poor ballistics, especially with HEAT shells, long-range fighting is not recommended, due to its extremely low muzzle velocity
- Slow reverse speed, retreating from dangerous situations may be a hassle
- Stock HE ineffective against heavily armoured tanks
- HEAT shell post-penetration damage is somewhat punctual, follow up shots may be required at times
- Often targeted due to the large 105 mm gun
- Side and rear armour are very weak in comparison to the front
- Very slow turret traverse rate, relies on turning hull to get gun onto targets away from turret front
- Poor stationary turning ability combined with slow turret traverse makes flanking enemies a dangerous foe
- Long reload time
- Only equipped with chemical shells (HE/HEAT) which require a different playstyle compared to kinetic shells (AP/APCBC)
History
The M4 Sherman were originally equipped with the 75 mm M3 cannon. Though the 75 mm was thought to be an overall effective gun, certain situations called for more destructive power. Enter the 105 mm M4 Howitzer, a mountable artillery piece for a tank. The army decided to arm the Shermans with these artillery pieces for a radical increase in explosive power. The first of its model was a M4A2 Sherman with its turret mounting the formidable cannon in the M52 mount, these Shermans were designated M4(105) and were accepted into service in February 1944. Later, M4A3 Shermans were also being converted into 105 mm with the name M4A3(105) When the HVSS was developed for the M4 Shermans by mean of the M4A3E8, the same was applied to the M4s with the 105 mm because of its increased weight, so an improved suspension would increase mobility. These Shermans were then designated to M4(105) HVSS or M4A3(105) HVSS and remained that way to the end of the war. The 105 mm Shermans were produced by Chrysler Corporation at the Detroit Tank Arsenal. 800 M4(105) and 841 M4(105) HVSS were produced from February 1944 to March 1945, and 500 M4A3(105) and 2539 M4A3(105) HVSS were produced in May 1944 to June 1945. This brings a total of 4680 Shermans with the 105 mm howitzer as its main armament during its production time.
After World War II ended, the M4A3E8 with the 76 mm cannon and 105 mm howitzer became the mainstay of the United States armoured forces as they were the most advanced version of the Shermans at the time. The M4 (105) are also quite good tank killers. Documents show that the HEAT rounds fired from the 105 mm has penetrated through a Panther's frontal armour, which could kill the crew. Even then, the sufficiently powerful high-explosive rounds could cause massive spalling inside tanks, harming the crew inside.
| Archive of the in-game description | |
|---|---|
|
In May 1944 the Detroit Tank Arsenal launched production of M4A3s equipped with 105 mm M4 howitzers. The modification happened similarly to the M4 (105) modernization, one of the most serious alterations of the tank's armament to be made. The upgraded turret boasted a 105 mm howitzer in place of the 76 mm cannon, making the tank capable of taking on many German models. Shermans with the 105 mm cannon did not have wet stowage. Instead, their ammunition was kept in dry stowages, meaning that the storage bins were kept in the center of the battle compartment. The Detroit Tank Arsenal produced 800 M4A3(105)s between February 1943 and September 1943, though the earlier models did not have a cupola. M4A3(105)s saw combat on the Western Front and in Italy between 1944 and 1945. | |
Media
- Skins
- Videos
High-explosive power discusses the M4A3 (105) at 4:24 - War Thunder Official Channel
Best Combo #1 discusses the M4A3 (105) at 0:55 - War Thunder Official Channel
Impenetrable and Penetrating tank - M4A3 (105) Sherman - HowToPlay1337
See also
- Other vehicles of similar configuration and role
External links
- [Wikipedia] M4 Sherman
- [Tanks Encyclopedia] Medium Tank M4 Sherman
- [Manual] FM 17-76 - Crew Drill and Service of the Piece Medium Tank, M4 Series (105-mm Howitzer)
| USA medium tanks | |
|---|---|
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| Turkey | M60 AMBT |
