Difference between revisions of "M60A1 RISE (P)"

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{{Specs-Card|code=us_m60a1_rise_passive_era}}
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{{About
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| about = American main battle tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
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| other
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| usage-1 = other versions
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| link-1 = M60 (Family)
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| usage-2 = other uses
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| link-2 = M60 (Disambiguation)
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}}
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{{Specs-Card
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|code=us_m60a1_rise_passive_era
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|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
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}}
  
 
== Description ==
 
== Description ==
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''In the description, the first part needs to be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert the screenshot of the vehicle. If the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, they will immediately understand what kind of vehicle it is talking about.''
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<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' -->
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The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (shortened as the '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.71 "New E.R.A."]].
  
 
== General info ==
 
== General info ==
 
=== Survivability and armour ===
 
=== Survivability and armour ===
−
''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpfull for survival in combat?''
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{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}
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<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' -->
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The survivability of the M60A1 RISE (P) is not to be relied upon whatsoever. APFSDS will go through the armour with ease, and high-penetration ATGMs will as well. The only area that is likely to prevent penetration from APFSDS rounds in the mantlet, which is hit or miss. The ERA is only capable of stopping HEAT or HESH shells from penetrating the armour. On the other hand, the HEAT shells may be able to slip between ERA plates to penetrate the armour. Not only that, but the ERA is knocked off after one hit from APFSDS or HEAT, and from multiple hits from machine guns. Once the ERA is knocked off, chemical weapons will punch through the armour with ease.
  
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''If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''
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Due to the ammunition layout of the tank (storage in the turret and hull), there is a high chance of ammunition explosion after a penetration. Additionally, when the turret is facing forwards three crew are lined up, making for an easy knock-out. One thing to note, the M19 commander's cupola on top of the turret is significantly higher than the rest of the turret. When peeking over a hill or cover, the cupola is a viable target for APHE, HE, or HESH rounds, which will splash down through the turret roof to knock out other crew members. Even kinetic rounds such as APFSDS will incapacitate the commander, although they won't do any other damage.
 +
 
 +
'''Armour type:'''
 +
 
 +
* Cast homogeneous armour
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* Rolled homogeneous armour - Engine Deck, Engine Compartment Rear
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* ERA
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
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! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
 +
|-
 +
| Hull || From Top to Bottom: <br> 108 mm (66°) ''Upper Glacis'' <br> 128 mm (66°) ''Upper Center Strip'' <br> 165 mm (55°) ''Lower Center Strip'' <br> 117 - 137 mm (55°) ''Lower Glacis'' || 36 - 70 mm || 25 - 40 mm ||  20 - 76 mm
 +
|-
 +
| Turret ||230.9 (curved) ''Turret Front'' <br> 76.2 mm (curved) ''Above and Below Mantlet'' <br> 127 mm (curved) ''Mantlet'' <br> 50.8 mm (curved) ''Mantlet Perimeter (Overlaps with Turret Face)'' ||53.8 - 230.9 mm ''Right Side'' <br> 49.8 mm - 215.9 mm ''Left Side'' ||57 mm || 25.4 - 48 mm
 +
|-
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| Cupola || 35 mm || colspan="2" style="text-align:center" | 26 mm || 30 mm
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|-
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|}
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 +
'''Notes:'''
 +
 
 +
* ERA covers nearly the entire front of the hull and turret, and also covers the turret sides (5 mm Kinetic Protection, 370 mm Chemical Protection)
 +
* Cupola Turret Ring - 85 mm
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* Turret Ring - 114 + 25.4 mm (Front), 50.8 + 25.4 mm (Sides & Rear)
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* Turret Side Armour: Made of ten strips of increasing thickness from front to rear; the left and right sides have different armour compositions
 +
* Right Turret Side Armour from Front to Rear: 230.9 mm, 152.9 mm, 142.0 mm, 128.8 mm, 120.4 mm, 115.3, 105.7 mm, 99.4 mm, 60.5 mm, 53.8 mm
 +
* Left Turret Side Armour from Front to Rear: 215.9 mm, 142.2 mm, 132.6 mm, 116.3 mm, 107.2 mm, 97.5 mm, 89.4 mm, 70.9 mm, 52.3 mm, 49.8 mm
 +
* Belly Armour: 19 mm - 13 mm
 +
* Main Gun: 25 mm
 +
* Machine Guns: 5 mm
 +
* There is a 5.3 mm plate that covers part of the turret face
 +
* Tracks: 30 mm
 +
* Suspension: 20 mm
 +
* Fenders and Storage Boxes: 5 mm
  
 
=== Mobility ===
 
=== Mobility ===
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''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and maneuverability as well as the maximum speed forward and backward.''
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{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}
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<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' -->
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{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,162|rbMinHp=663}}
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 +
=== Modifications and economy ===
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{{Specs-Economy}}
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== Armaments ==
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{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
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=== Main armament ===
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{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}
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<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' -->
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{{main|M68 (105 mm)}}
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 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
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|-
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! colspan="5" | [[M68 (105 mm)|105 mm M68]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
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|-
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! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
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! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
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! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
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|-
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! ''Arcade''
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| rowspan="2" | 63 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 21.40 || 29.65 || 36.00 || 39.81 || 42.35 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
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|-
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! ''Realistic''
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| 13.40 || 15.75 || 19.13 || 21.15 || 22.50
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|-
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|}
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 +
==== Ammunition ====
  
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== Weaponry ==
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* '''M728 APDS''' (Armour-Piercing Discarding Sabot) is capable of easily penetrating the majority of the foes it meets, but these rounds do require finesse as to their placing. Because the shell lacks an explosive filler, the best bet is to try and either knock out the majority of the enemy tank's crew or to destroy the enemy by ammo or fuel detonation through hitting their respective storage capacities. This, of course, requires knowledge about the vehicles the M60A1 may face - so be sure to use the game's X-Ray view in the hangar and analyse the potential foes for their weak spots! Also, keep in mind that with increased armour thickness the amount of shrapnel shrinks.
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=== Main weaponry ===
+
* '''M393A2 HESH''' (High-Explosive Squash Head) works very differently from other shell types. It ignores any angle, except for ricochet and deals damage by metal-flakes which are blown off inside the armour by the exterior explosion. Basically, the fighting compartment is showered in metal rain. Currently, only true armour thickness (as opposed to the line of sight thickness) will provide sufficient means of protection, benefitting the USSR turret designs and in general German tanks. Like all high-explosive shells, the fuse is very sensitive and can be set-off by most objects e.g. fences, trees, pillars.
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''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibilty of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''
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* '''M456 HEATFS''' (High-Explosive Anti-Tank Fin-Stabilised): The knowledge of enemy vehicle layouts gained from the stock shell (M728), will be handy to use for the M60A1's fullest potential - as the M456 is a round that can penetrate most vehicle's armour frontally. Like the APDS shot, increased armour thickness results in a reduced amount of shrapnel after penetration. Unlike APDS it has one downside: Given that it is a chemical energy round, its fuse is highly sensitive in regards to its practical application in battle. As a result, virtually anything, such as trees or even a fence, will set it off prematurely, so the HEAT-FS round cannot fire through obstructions with this kind.
 +
* '''M416 Smoke:''' Not a reliable round due to the fact that this tank has smoke grenade launchers. If you want to blind enemies at a considerable range at up to 2000 meters and above, this would be your round, although you're most likely to use an armor penetrating round than a blinding round in such a scenario.
 +
* '''M735 APFSDS''' (Armour-Piercing Fin-Stabilised Discarding Sabot): With about 30mm more penetration at ranges and better post-penetration damage than the stock APDS, this is the go-to armor piercing round to combat tanks that would have such armor (and at times ERA that will make the shell disappear) to defeat your APDS round. Since it's fin-stabilized, it has better and a slightly more linear flight towards its targets than the APDS round, though just like the APDS round, the amount of spall reduces with the amount of armor, and some light tanks will absorb the shot with ease, so make sure to learn about critical spots of the tanks you may encounter.
  
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=== Additional weaponry ===
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{{:M68 (105 mm)/Ammunition|M728, M456, M393A2, M416, M735}}
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''Some tanks are armed with several guns in one or more turrets. Evaluate the additional weaponry and give advice on its use. Describe the ammunition available for additional weaponry. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage. If there is no additional weaponry remove this subsection.''
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 +
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
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[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
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<!-- '''Last updated: 2.9.0.33''' -->
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
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|-
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! Full<br>ammo
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! 1st<br>rack empty
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! 2nd<br>rack empty
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! 3rd<br>rack empty
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! 4th<br>rack empty
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! 5th<br>rack empty
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! Visual<br>discrepancy
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|-
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| '''63''' || 61&nbsp;''(+2)'' || 46&nbsp;''(+17)'' || 34&nbsp;''(+29)'' || 14&nbsp;''(+49)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+62)'' || No
 +
|-
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|}
  
 
=== Machine guns ===
 
=== Machine guns ===
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''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft, but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''
+
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
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{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
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<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' -->
 +
{{main|M85 (12.7 mm)|M240 (7.62 mm)}}
  
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== Usage in the battles ==
+
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
−
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''
+
|-
 +
! colspan="5" | [[M85 (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M85]]
 +
|-
 +
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
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|-
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| Pintle || 900 (180) || 626 || -9°/+60° || ±180°
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
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|-
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! colspan="5" | [[M240 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M240]]
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|-
 +
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
 +
|-
 +
| Coaxial || 6,000 (200) || 941 || N/A || N/A
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
== Usage in battles ==
 +
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' -->
 +
The M60A1 RISE has very special playstyle, which is affected by the lack of speed. While most tanks at this BR are fast, the M60A1 RISE isn't. That is why you should stay between the first and the second front lines, and clean up enemy tanks that try to rush behind your lines. The M60A1 RISE is best played when holding choke points with your great long range gun, and punishing fast tanks like the [[Leopard A1A1]] that try to rush through. With great penetration for all of your shells, no tank should be a serious problem when you shoot at it, and even if you miss a shot, the M60A1 RISE can cover it with good gun reload. Remember, you are not a rusher, advance with your team, cover them when enemy tanks try to get their flanks, and hold angles at important locations.
 +
 
 +
While the playstyle isn't very versatile, the wide ammo selection can help when a specific ammo type can be helpful. With HESH, HEAT-FS and smoke shells, you can engage any target at any situation, but your main shell is going to be the M735 APFSDS shell, and it should be researched as soon as possible. Until you unlock it, you can use the HEAT-FS, or the APDS shell which is available as stock.
 +
 
 +
In conclusion, the speed limitation of the M60A1 RISE forces it to play as a second line fighter, use your combat awareness to punish enemy flankers and cover important locations and choke points.
  
 
=== Pros and cons ===
 
=== Pros and cons ===
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''Summarize and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Do not use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - they have a substitution in the form of softer "inadequate", "effective".''
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<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' -->
  
 
'''Pros:'''
 
'''Pros:'''
−
*
+
 
 +
* ERA plates can and will protect you from chemical rounds
 +
* Smoke shells, ESS, and smoke grenades can help you in dangerous situations
 +
* Extremely accurate and fully stabilized 105 mm gun with good muzzle velocity for AP shells
 +
* Good gun depression (-10 degrees) and good gun elevation angles
 +
* Good stock APDS shell
 +
* APFSDS shell with good penetration
 +
* .50 cal machine gun helps against low-flying air targets and lightly-armoured targets
  
 
'''Cons:'''
 
'''Cons:'''
−
*
 
  
−
== Historical part ==
+
* Very large target
−
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ground vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/historical reference" (example: https://wiki.warthunder.com/Name-vehicles/historical reference) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to include links to sources at the end of the article.''
+
* Commander cupola is a tall, noticeable and thinly-armoured weak spot
 +
* ERA coverage has significant gaps, such as the turret ring and roof
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* Despite ERA, overall armour is rather poor for the BR
 +
* Very slow, especially when stock
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* Tracks are rather loud
 +
* Lacks thermals that most opponents have at its BR
 +
* APFSDS round is a tier IV modification
 +
 
 +
== History ==
 +
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' -->
 +
 
 +
=== Variants Leading up to the M60A1 RISE ===
 +
 
 +
==== M60A1 ====
 +
'''Development'''
 +
 
 +
In 1960, work was started to upgrade the M60 main battle tank, as the T95 project and the project to create composite armour were closed. The prototypes fitted the T95E7 turret on the hull of the M60. In order to increase the room in the turret for the crew the gun used the M140 mount, which moved the gun forward 5 inches. The first two prototypes (Pilot 1 and 2) were ready in May 1961, and the third prototype (Pilot 3) was ready in June 1961. The prototypes were designated as the M60E1, and they were all built by Chrysler Defense. Pilot 1 was tested at Eglin Air Force Base, Pilot 2 was tested at Yuma Test Station, and Pilot 3 was tested at Fort Knox. The M60E1 was accepted for American service on 22 October 1962. The designation for production M60E1 tanks was Tank, Combat, Full Tracked: 105-mm Gun, M60A1. Production began on 13 October 1962, with an order of 720 units by the Army.
 +
 
 +
'''Design'''
 +
 
 +
The upper glacis armour of the hull was upgraded from 3.67 inches to 4.29 inches at 65°. The steering wheel was replaced with a T-bar control, and the break and accelerator pedals were rearranged for easier usage by the driver. The tank was upgraded to the Continental AVDS-1790-2A engine and the CD-850-5 cross drive transmission, and it used the T97 track assembly. The first return roller was moved slightly, and shock absorbers were added to the second road wheel pair. The addition of the shock absorbers was due to the increased weight of the armour and new M60A1 turret.
 +
 
 +
The main feature of the M60A1 was a new turret, which was the turret of the T95E7 medium tank prototype. The new turret had more armour protection, and it also could had more room for the crew, because of the new M140 gun mount. A fume extractor was added to the rear of the turret bustle, on the left side; this would prevent fumes and smoke from accumulating inside the vehicle when the weapons were fired. The loader and gunner received padded seats, replacing the wire mesh seats which were uncomfortable. Ammunition for the main gun was increased to 63 rounds, with 15 rounds in the turret bustle, several rounds in the turret ring, and the rest stored in the hull. The turret was equipped with a new traversing mechanism, and an AN/VSS-1(V)1 IR searchlight was fitted above the gun mantlet. It received the M19 FCS, which consisted of the M17A1 coincidence rangefinder, M10A1 ballistic drive, and the mechanical M19E1 ballistic computer for the gunner. The M60A1 tank uses the M68E1 105 mm gun. The M68E1 gun shared the same firing characteristics as the M68, but had several design improvements including an updated gun hydraulic configuration, a stabilization upgrade for the gun (but not a full stabilizer), a gun elevation kill switch for the loader, an improved ballistic drive, and other component refinements.
 +
 
 +
==== M60A1 (AOS) ====
 +
In 1972, the M60A1 (AOS) was introduced, which gave the tank an add-on stabilization (AOS) system. It was a kit that could be applied to M60A1 tanks with very little modification to the hydraulic gun control system. The AOS allows for stabilization of the gun vertically and of the turret horizontally. This allowed the gunner to track targets and control the gun and turret while the vehicle was moving; this increased the hit-on-the-move capability significantly. Before the AOS upgrade the fire-on-the-move accuracy at 2,000 m was practically 0%, whereas with the upgrade 70% accuracy was achieved. The AOS had three modes: power-with-stabilization-on, power-with-stabilization-off, and manual. Power-with-stabilization-on was the mode which stabilized the gun, power-with-stabilization-off allowed the turret to be controlled electrically when the stabilizer was not necessary, and the manual mode allowed the crew to still traverse the turret and elevate the gun if the electrical or hydraulic systems were inoperable.
 +
 
 +
==== M60A1 (AOS)+ ====
 +
M60A1 (AOS)+ is the designation for M60A1 tanks that were equipped with the TLAC, AOS, and T142 tracks. The T142 track debuted in 1974, and it had replaceable rubber pads, improved end connectors, and had a better service life.
 +
 
 +
=== M60A1 RISE ===
 +
The M60A1 RISE integrated the upgrades of the M60A1 (AOS)+ and TLAC, along with new features, and it first debuted in 1975. It featured the improved AVDS-1790-2C RISE diesel engine and CD-850-6 transmission. These parts were more reliable than the earlier types used. A 650 ampere oil-cooled alternator, a solid state regulator and new wiring harness with more accessible disconnectors was also incorporated into the hull's electrical system. Additionally, steel road wheels and return rollers were used, and new, armoured TLAC panels replaced the unarmoured panels. It featured an M32E1 passive sight for the gunner, an M36E1 passive periscope for the commander, and an M24E1 IR night vision block for the driver, and laser range finder. The new optical equipment allowed for recognition at longer range and at lower light levels for the commander and gunner. In conditions with only starlight, the optics allowed for vision past 500 m with the use of an IR searchlight. The driver's M24E1 IR night vision block gave the driver second generation night vision capability.
 +
 
 +
==== M60A1 RISE+ ====
 +
The usage of the M735 APFSDS round required a cam update to the gun's mechanical ballistic drive in order to allow for accurate firing. With the update the tanks were designated as M60A1 RISE+.
 +
 
 +
==== M60A1 RISE Passive (P) ====
 +
The Passive upgrade for the M60A1 RISE incorporated all the features of the M60A1 RISE+, but with a number of improvements. It was equipped with AN/VVS-2 passive night vision block, a deep water fording kit, and brackets for the mounting of ERA armour. It received the improved AVDS-1790-2D RISE engine and CD-850-6A transmission; it was capable of using a vehicle engine exhaust smoke system. The VEESS smoke screen does not protect against infrared, thermal, or laser detection methods, but only obscures the tank visually. In 1978, a kit entered service that installed an M240C machine gun in the coaxial position, and it equipped the tank with two six-barreled M239 smoke grenade launchers (electronically fired), with one mounted on each side of the turret front. The smoke grenades masks the tank both visually and the thermal signature using a phosphor compound.
  
 
== Media ==
 
== Media ==
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''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''
+
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' -->
 +
 
 +
;Skins
  
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== Read also ==
+
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_m60a1_rise_passive_era Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]
−
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example,''
+
 
 +
;Videos
 +
{{Youtube-gallery|3zJsVor0TRA|'''T-55A versus M60A1 RISE (P)''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|zoBPU0n65_A|'''The M60 family''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 3:05 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}
 +
 
 +
== See also ==
 +
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
 
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
 
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
−
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''
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* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' -->
−
''ETC.''
 
  
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== Sources ==
+
;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis
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''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
+
 
 +
* [[M60 (Family)]]
 +
 
 +
;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role
 +
 
 +
* [[Sho't Kal Dalet (Great Britain)]]
 +
* [[AMX-30B2 BRENUS]]
 +
 
 +
== External links ==
 +
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
 
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
 
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
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* ''page on the Wikipedia;''
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* ''other literature.'' -->
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* ''other literature.''
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 +
* [[wt:en/news/4908-development-m60a1-rise-p-explosive-reactive-american-en|[Devblog] M60A1 RISE (P): Explosive Reactive American]]
 +
* [[wikipedia:M60_tank|[Wikipedia] M60 tank]]
 +
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/US/M60_Patton.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> 105mm Gun Tank M60]
 +
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=28 <nowiki>[Military Factory]</nowiki> M60 (Patton)]
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{{TankManufacturer Chrysler Defense}}
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{{USA medium tanks}}

Latest revision as of 18:27, 21 October 2024

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This page is about the American main battle tank M60A1 RISE (P). For other versions, see M60 (Family). For other uses, see M60 (Disambiguation).
M60A1 RISE (P)
us_m60a1_rise_passive_era.png
GarageImage M60A1 RISE (P).jpg
ArtImage M60A1 RISE (P).png
M60A1 RISE (P)
USA flag.png USA
VI Rank
Battle rating:
AB RB SB
8.3 8.7 8.7
Class:
Research:81 000 Specs-Card-Exp.png
Purchase:450 000 Specs-Card-Lion.png
Show in game

Description

The Tank, Combat, Full-Tracked 105-mm Gun M60A1 RISE (Passive) (shortened as the M60A1 RISE (P)) is a rank VI American medium tank with a battle rating of 8.3 (AB) and 8.7 (RB/SB). It was introduced in Update 1.71 "New E.R.A.".

General info

Survivability and armour

ERA
Effective action against the cumulative ammunition
Smoke grenades
Creation of a smoke screen in front of the vehicle
ESS
Creation of a smoke screen in the direction of movement of the vehicle
Armourfront / side / back
Hull108 / 70 / 40
Turret230 / 49 / 57
Crew4 people
Visibility142 %

The survivability of the M60A1 RISE (P) is not to be relied upon whatsoever. APFSDS will go through the armour with ease, and high-penetration ATGMs will as well. The only area that is likely to prevent penetration from APFSDS rounds in the mantlet, which is hit or miss. The ERA is only capable of stopping HEAT or HESH shells from penetrating the armour. On the other hand, the HEAT shells may be able to slip between ERA plates to penetrate the armour. Not only that, but the ERA is knocked off after one hit from APFSDS or HEAT, and from multiple hits from machine guns. Once the ERA is knocked off, chemical weapons will punch through the armour with ease.

Due to the ammunition layout of the tank (storage in the turret and hull), there is a high chance of ammunition explosion after a penetration. Additionally, when the turret is facing forwards three crew are lined up, making for an easy knock-out. One thing to note, the M19 commander's cupola on top of the turret is significantly higher than the rest of the turret. When peeking over a hill or cover, the cupola is a viable target for APHE, HE, or HESH rounds, which will splash down through the turret roof to knock out other crew members. Even kinetic rounds such as APFSDS will incapacitate the commander, although they won't do any other damage.

Armour type:

  • Cast homogeneous armour
  • Rolled homogeneous armour - Engine Deck, Engine Compartment Rear
  • ERA
Armour Front (Slope angle) Sides Rear Roof
Hull From Top to Bottom:
108 mm (66°) Upper Glacis
128 mm (66°) Upper Center Strip
165 mm (55°) Lower Center Strip
117 - 137 mm (55°) Lower Glacis 		36 - 70 mm 25 - 40 mm 20 - 76 mm
Turret 230.9 (curved) Turret Front
76.2 mm (curved) Above and Below Mantlet
127 mm (curved) Mantlet
50.8 mm (curved) Mantlet Perimeter (Overlaps with Turret Face) 		53.8 - 230.9 mm Right Side
49.8 mm - 215.9 mm Left Side 		57 mm 25.4 - 48 mm
Cupola 35 mm 26 mm 30 mm

Notes:

  • ERA covers nearly the entire front of the hull and turret, and also covers the turret sides (5 mm Kinetic Protection, 370 mm Chemical Protection)
  • Cupola Turret Ring - 85 mm
  • Turret Ring - 114 + 25.4 mm (Front), 50.8 + 25.4 mm (Sides & Rear)
  • Turret Side Armour: Made of ten strips of increasing thickness from front to rear; the left and right sides have different armour compositions
  • Right Turret Side Armour from Front to Rear: 230.9 mm, 152.9 mm, 142.0 mm, 128.8 mm, 120.4 mm, 115.3, 105.7 mm, 99.4 mm, 60.5 mm, 53.8 mm
  • Left Turret Side Armour from Front to Rear: 215.9 mm, 142.2 mm, 132.6 mm, 116.3 mm, 107.2 mm, 97.5 mm, 89.4 mm, 70.9 mm, 52.3 mm, 49.8 mm
  • Belly Armour: 19 mm - 13 mm
  • Main Gun: 25 mm
  • Machine Guns: 5 mm
  • There is a 5.3 mm plate that covers part of the turret face
  • Tracks: 30 mm
  • Suspension: 20 mm
  • Fenders and Storage Boxes: 5 mm

Mobility

Speedforward / back
AB53 / 13 km/h
RB and SB48 / 12 km/h
Number of gears6 forward
2 back
Weight53.2 t
Engine power
AB1 431 hp
RB and SB750 hp
Power-to-weight ratio
AB26.9 hp/t
RB and SB14.1 hp/t
Game Mode Max Speed (km/h) Weight (tons) Engine power (horsepower) Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
Forward Reverse Stock Upgraded Stock Upgraded
Arcade 53 13 53.2 1,162 1,431 21.84 26.9
Realistic 48 12 663 750 12.46 14.1

Modifications and economy

Repair costBasic → Reference
AB4 249 → 6 182 Sl icon.png
RB4 341 → 6 316 Sl icon.png
SB5 374 → 7 819 Sl icon.png
Total cost of modifications132 400 Rp icon.png
227 000 Sl icon.png
Talisman cost2 400 Ge icon.png
Crew training130 000 Sl icon.png
Experts450 000 Sl icon.png
Aces2 000 Ge icon.png
Research Aces890 000 Rp icon.png
Reward for battleAB / RB / SB
140 / 200 / 230 % Sl icon.png
214 / 214 / 214 % Rp icon.png
Modifications
Mobility Protection Firepower
Mods new tank traks.png
Tracks
Research:
5 700 Rp icon.png
Cost:
9 000 Sl icon.png
280 Ge icon.png
Mods new tank suspension.png
Suspension
Research:
8 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
13 000 Sl icon.png
400 Ge icon.png
Mods new tank break.png
Brake System
Research:
8 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
13 000 Sl icon.png
400 Ge icon.png
Mods new tank filter.png
Filters
Research:
7 100 Rp icon.png
Cost:
11 000 Sl icon.png
350 Ge icon.png
Mods new tank transmission.png
Transmission
Research:
9 200 Rp icon.png
Cost:
15 000 Sl icon.png
460 Ge icon.png
Mods new tank engine.png
Engine
Research:
9 200 Rp icon.png
Cost:
15 000 Sl icon.png
460 Ge icon.png
Mods tank tool kit.png
Improved Parts
Research:
1 700 Rp icon.png
Cost:
9 000 Sl icon.png
280 Ge icon.png
Mods extinguisher.png
Improved FPE
Research:
2 400 Rp icon.png
Cost:
13 000 Sl icon.png
400 Ge icon.png
Mods tank reinforcement us.png
Crew Replenishment
Research:
7 100 Rp icon.png
Cost:
11 000 Sl icon.png
350 Ge icon.png
Mods engine smoke screen system.png
ESS
Research:
9 200 Rp icon.png
Cost:
15 000 Sl icon.png
460 Ge icon.png
Mods new tank horizontal aiming.png
Horizontal Drive
Research:
5 700 Rp icon.png
Cost:
9 000 Sl icon.png
280 Ge icon.png
Mods tank ammo.png
105mm_usa_HESH_ammo_pack
Research:
5 700 Rp icon.png
Cost:
9 000 Sl icon.png
280 Ge icon.png
Mods tank ammo.png
105mm_us_M416_Smoke_ammo_pack
Research:
5 700 Rp icon.png
Cost:
9 000 Sl icon.png
280 Ge icon.png
Mods tank cannon.png
Adjustment of Fire
Research:
8 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
13 000 Sl icon.png
400 Ge icon.png
Mods new tank vertical aiming.png
Elevation Mechanism
Research:
7 100 Rp icon.png
Cost:
11 000 Sl icon.png
350 Ge icon.png
Mods tank ammo.png
105mm_usa_M735_APDS_FS_ammo_pack
Research:
7 100 Rp icon.png
Cost:
11 000 Sl icon.png
350 Ge icon.png
Mods smoke screen.png
Smoke grenade
Research:
7 100 Rp icon.png
Cost:
11 000 Sl icon.png
350 Ge icon.png
Mods art support.png
Artillery Support
Research:
9 200 Rp icon.png
Cost:
15 000 Sl icon.png
460 Ge icon.png
Mods tank rangefinder.png
Rangefinder
Research:
9 200 Rp icon.png
Cost:
15 000 Sl icon.png
460 Ge icon.png

Armaments

Rangefinder
Reduces the error and increases the maximum measurable distance of the rangefinder

Main armament

105 mm M68 cannon
Two-plane stabilizer
Reduces the swing of the gun in two planes while moving
Ammunition63 rounds
First-order34 rounds
Reloadbasic crew → aces
8.7 → 6.7 s
Vertical guidance-10° / 20°
Main article: M68 (105 mm)
105 mm M68 Turret rotation speed (°/s) Reloading rate (seconds)
Mode Capacity Vertical Horizontal Stabilizer Stock Upgraded Full Expert Aced Stock Full Expert Aced
Arcade 63 -10°/+20° ±180° Two-plane 21.40 29.65 36.00 39.81 42.35 8.71 7.70 7.10 6.70
Realistic 13.40 15.75 19.13 21.15 22.50

Ammunition

  • M728 APDS (Armour-Piercing Discarding Sabot) is capable of easily penetrating the majority of the foes it meets, but these rounds do require finesse as to their placing. Because the shell lacks an explosive filler, the best bet is to try and either knock out the majority of the enemy tank's crew or to destroy the enemy by ammo or fuel detonation through hitting their respective storage capacities. This, of course, requires knowledge about the vehicles the M60A1 may face - so be sure to use the game's X-Ray view in the hangar and analyse the potential foes for their weak spots! Also, keep in mind that with increased armour thickness the amount of shrapnel shrinks.
  • M393A2 HESH (High-Explosive Squash Head) works very differently from other shell types. It ignores any angle, except for ricochet and deals damage by metal-flakes which are blown off inside the armour by the exterior explosion. Basically, the fighting compartment is showered in metal rain. Currently, only true armour thickness (as opposed to the line of sight thickness) will provide sufficient means of protection, benefitting the USSR turret designs and in general German tanks. Like all high-explosive shells, the fuse is very sensitive and can be set-off by most objects e.g. fences, trees, pillars.
  • M456 HEATFS (High-Explosive Anti-Tank Fin-Stabilised): The knowledge of enemy vehicle layouts gained from the stock shell (M728), will be handy to use for the M60A1's fullest potential - as the M456 is a round that can penetrate most vehicle's armour frontally. Like the APDS shot, increased armour thickness results in a reduced amount of shrapnel after penetration. Unlike APDS it has one downside: Given that it is a chemical energy round, its fuse is highly sensitive in regards to its practical application in battle. As a result, virtually anything, such as trees or even a fence, will set it off prematurely, so the HEAT-FS round cannot fire through obstructions with this kind.
  • M416 Smoke: Not a reliable round due to the fact that this tank has smoke grenade launchers. If you want to blind enemies at a considerable range at up to 2000 meters and above, this would be your round, although you're most likely to use an armor penetrating round than a blinding round in such a scenario.
  • M735 APFSDS (Armour-Piercing Fin-Stabilised Discarding Sabot): With about 30mm more penetration at ranges and better post-penetration damage than the stock APDS, this is the go-to armor piercing round to combat tanks that would have such armor (and at times ERA that will make the shell disappear) to defeat your APDS round. Since it's fin-stabilized, it has better and a slightly more linear flight towards its targets than the APDS round, though just like the APDS round, the amount of spall reduces with the amount of armor, and some light tanks will absorb the shot with ease, so make sure to learn about critical spots of the tanks you may encounter.

Penetration statistics
Ammunition Type of
warhead 		Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
10 m 100 m 500 m 1,000 m 1,500 m 2,000 m
M728 APDS 265 263 252 240 228 216
M456 HEATFS 400 400 400 400 400 400
M393A2 HESH 127 127 127 127 127 127
M735 APFSDS 292 291 284 275 266 257
Shell details
Ammunition Type of
warhead 		Velocity
(m/s) 		Projectile
mass (kg) 		Fuse delay
(m) 		Fuse sensitivity
(mm) 		Explosive mass
(TNT equivalent) (kg) 		Ricochet
0% 50% 100%
M728 APDS 1,426 4.53 - - - 75° 78° 80°
M456 HEATFS 1,174 10.5 0.05 0.1 1.27 65° 72° 77°
M393A2 HESH 732 11.2 0.1 4 4.31 73° 77° 80°
M735 APFSDS 1,501 3.72 - - - 78° 80° 81°
Smoke shell characteristics
Ammunition Velocity
(m/s) 		Projectile
mass (kg) 		Screen radius
(m) 		Screen deploy
time (s) 		Screen hold
time (s) 		Explosive mass
(TNT equivalent) (g)
M416 732 11.6 16 5 25 50

Ammo racks

Ammo racks of the M60A1 RISE (P)
Full
ammo 		1st
rack empty 		2nd
rack empty 		3rd
rack empty 		4th
rack empty 		5th
rack empty 		Visual
discrepancy
63 61 (+2) 46 (+17) 34 (+29) 14 (+49) 1 (+62) No

Machine guns

12.7 mm M85 machine gun
Ammunition900 rounds
Belt capacity180 rounds
Reloadbasic crew → aces
10.4 → 8.0 s
Fire rate626 shots/min
Vertical guidance-9° / 60°
7.62 mm M240 machine gun (coaxial)
Ammunition6 000 rounds
Belt capacity200 rounds
Reloadbasic crew → aces
10.4 → 8.0 s
Fire rate941 shots/min
Main articles: M85 (12.7 mm), M240 (7.62 mm)
12.7 mm M85
Mount Capacity (Belt) Fire rate Vertical Horizontal
Pintle 900 (180) 626 -9°/+60° ±180°
7.62 mm M240
Mount Capacity (Belt) Fire rate Vertical Horizontal
Coaxial 6,000 (200) 941 N/A N/A

Usage in battles

The M60A1 RISE has very special playstyle, which is affected by the lack of speed. While most tanks at this BR are fast, the M60A1 RISE isn't. That is why you should stay between the first and the second front lines, and clean up enemy tanks that try to rush behind your lines. The M60A1 RISE is best played when holding choke points with your great long range gun, and punishing fast tanks like the Leopard A1A1 that try to rush through. With great penetration for all of your shells, no tank should be a serious problem when you shoot at it, and even if you miss a shot, the M60A1 RISE can cover it with good gun reload. Remember, you are not a rusher, advance with your team, cover them when enemy tanks try to get their flanks, and hold angles at important locations.

While the playstyle isn't very versatile, the wide ammo selection can help when a specific ammo type can be helpful. With HESH, HEAT-FS and smoke shells, you can engage any target at any situation, but your main shell is going to be the M735 APFSDS shell, and it should be researched as soon as possible. Until you unlock it, you can use the HEAT-FS, or the APDS shell which is available as stock.

In conclusion, the speed limitation of the M60A1 RISE forces it to play as a second line fighter, use your combat awareness to punish enemy flankers and cover important locations and choke points.

Pros and cons

Pros:

  • ERA plates can and will protect you from chemical rounds
  • Smoke shells, ESS, and smoke grenades can help you in dangerous situations
  • Extremely accurate and fully stabilized 105 mm gun with good muzzle velocity for AP shells
  • Good gun depression (-10 degrees) and good gun elevation angles
  • Good stock APDS shell
  • APFSDS shell with good penetration
  • .50 cal machine gun helps against low-flying air targets and lightly-armoured targets

Cons:

  • Very large target
  • Commander cupola is a tall, noticeable and thinly-armoured weak spot
  • ERA coverage has significant gaps, such as the turret ring and roof
  • Despite ERA, overall armour is rather poor for the BR
  • Very slow, especially when stock
  • Tracks are rather loud
  • Lacks thermals that most opponents have at its BR
  • APFSDS round is a tier IV modification

History

Variants Leading up to the M60A1 RISE

M60A1

Development

In 1960, work was started to upgrade the M60 main battle tank, as the T95 project and the project to create composite armour were closed. The prototypes fitted the T95E7 turret on the hull of the M60. In order to increase the room in the turret for the crew the gun used the M140 mount, which moved the gun forward 5 inches. The first two prototypes (Pilot 1 and 2) were ready in May 1961, and the third prototype (Pilot 3) was ready in June 1961. The prototypes were designated as the M60E1, and they were all built by Chrysler Defense. Pilot 1 was tested at Eglin Air Force Base, Pilot 2 was tested at Yuma Test Station, and Pilot 3 was tested at Fort Knox. The M60E1 was accepted for American service on 22 October 1962. The designation for production M60E1 tanks was Tank, Combat, Full Tracked: 105-mm Gun, M60A1. Production began on 13 October 1962, with an order of 720 units by the Army.

Design

The upper glacis armour of the hull was upgraded from 3.67 inches to 4.29 inches at 65°. The steering wheel was replaced with a T-bar control, and the break and accelerator pedals were rearranged for easier usage by the driver. The tank was upgraded to the Continental AVDS-1790-2A engine and the CD-850-5 cross drive transmission, and it used the T97 track assembly. The first return roller was moved slightly, and shock absorbers were added to the second road wheel pair. The addition of the shock absorbers was due to the increased weight of the armour and new M60A1 turret.

The main feature of the M60A1 was a new turret, which was the turret of the T95E7 medium tank prototype. The new turret had more armour protection, and it also could had more room for the crew, because of the new M140 gun mount. A fume extractor was added to the rear of the turret bustle, on the left side; this would prevent fumes and smoke from accumulating inside the vehicle when the weapons were fired. The loader and gunner received padded seats, replacing the wire mesh seats which were uncomfortable. Ammunition for the main gun was increased to 63 rounds, with 15 rounds in the turret bustle, several rounds in the turret ring, and the rest stored in the hull. The turret was equipped with a new traversing mechanism, and an AN/VSS-1(V)1 IR searchlight was fitted above the gun mantlet. It received the M19 FCS, which consisted of the M17A1 coincidence rangefinder, M10A1 ballistic drive, and the mechanical M19E1 ballistic computer for the gunner. The M60A1 tank uses the M68E1 105 mm gun. The M68E1 gun shared the same firing characteristics as the M68, but had several design improvements including an updated gun hydraulic configuration, a stabilization upgrade for the gun (but not a full stabilizer), a gun elevation kill switch for the loader, an improved ballistic drive, and other component refinements.

M60A1 (AOS)

In 1972, the M60A1 (AOS) was introduced, which gave the tank an add-on stabilization (AOS) system. It was a kit that could be applied to M60A1 tanks with very little modification to the hydraulic gun control system. The AOS allows for stabilization of the gun vertically and of the turret horizontally. This allowed the gunner to track targets and control the gun and turret while the vehicle was moving; this increased the hit-on-the-move capability significantly. Before the AOS upgrade the fire-on-the-move accuracy at 2,000 m was practically 0%, whereas with the upgrade 70% accuracy was achieved. The AOS had three modes: power-with-stabilization-on, power-with-stabilization-off, and manual. Power-with-stabilization-on was the mode which stabilized the gun, power-with-stabilization-off allowed the turret to be controlled electrically when the stabilizer was not necessary, and the manual mode allowed the crew to still traverse the turret and elevate the gun if the electrical or hydraulic systems were inoperable.

M60A1 (AOS)+

M60A1 (AOS)+ is the designation for M60A1 tanks that were equipped with the TLAC, AOS, and T142 tracks. The T142 track debuted in 1974, and it had replaceable rubber pads, improved end connectors, and had a better service life.

M60A1 RISE

The M60A1 RISE integrated the upgrades of the M60A1 (AOS)+ and TLAC, along with new features, and it first debuted in 1975. It featured the improved AVDS-1790-2C RISE diesel engine and CD-850-6 transmission. These parts were more reliable than the earlier types used. A 650 ampere oil-cooled alternator, a solid state regulator and new wiring harness with more accessible disconnectors was also incorporated into the hull's electrical system. Additionally, steel road wheels and return rollers were used, and new, armoured TLAC panels replaced the unarmoured panels. It featured an M32E1 passive sight for the gunner, an M36E1 passive periscope for the commander, and an M24E1 IR night vision block for the driver, and laser range finder. The new optical equipment allowed for recognition at longer range and at lower light levels for the commander and gunner. In conditions with only starlight, the optics allowed for vision past 500 m with the use of an IR searchlight. The driver's M24E1 IR night vision block gave the driver second generation night vision capability.

M60A1 RISE+

The usage of the M735 APFSDS round required a cam update to the gun's mechanical ballistic drive in order to allow for accurate firing. With the update the tanks were designated as M60A1 RISE+.

M60A1 RISE Passive (P)

The Passive upgrade for the M60A1 RISE incorporated all the features of the M60A1 RISE+, but with a number of improvements. It was equipped with AN/VVS-2 passive night vision block, a deep water fording kit, and brackets for the mounting of ERA armour. It received the improved AVDS-1790-2D RISE engine and CD-850-6A transmission; it was capable of using a vehicle engine exhaust smoke system. The VEESS smoke screen does not protect against infrared, thermal, or laser detection methods, but only obscures the tank visually. In 1978, a kit entered service that installed an M240C machine gun in the coaxial position, and it equipped the tank with two six-barreled M239 smoke grenade launchers (electronically fired), with one mounted on each side of the turret front. The smoke grenades masks the tank both visually and the thermal signature using a phosphor compound.

Media

Skins
Videos
T-55A versus M60A1 RISE (P) - War Thunder Official Channel
The M60 family discusses the M60A1 RISE (P) at 3:05 - War Thunder Official Channel

See also

Vehicles equipped with the same chassis
Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

External links


Chrysler Defense
MBTs 
M48 Patton  M48A1
M60  M60 · M60A1 (AOS) · M60A2 · M60A1 RISE (P) · M60A3 TTS
M1  XM1 (Chrysler) · M1 Abrams
Export 
M48  M48A2 C · M48A2 G A2 · ␗M48A1 · Magach 1 · Magach 2
M60  ␗M60A3 TTS · M60A1 "D.C.Ariete" ·
Note  Chrysler Defense was purchased by General Dynamics Land Systems (GDLS) in 1982.

USA medium tanks
M2  M2
M3  M3 Lee · ▃Grant I
M4  M4 · Calliope · M4A1 · M4A1 (76) W · M4A2 · M4A2 (76) W · M4A3 (105) · M4A3 (76) W · M4/T26
M26 Pershing  T20 · T25 · M26 · M26 T99 · M26E1
M46/47/48 Patton  M46 · M46 "Tiger" · M47 · M48A1 · T54E1 · T54E2
M60  M60 · M60A1 (AOS) · M60A1 RISE (P) · M60A2 · M60A3 TTS · M728 CEV · 120S
MBT-70  MBT-70 · XM803
M1 Abrams  XM1 (Chrysler) · XM1 (GM)
  M1 Abrams · M1 KVT · IPM1
  M1A1 · M1A1 HC · M1A1 Click-Bait
  M1A2 Abrams · M1A2 SEP · M1A2 SEP V2
Other  T95E1
Australia  M1A1 AIM
Canada  M4A5
Israel  ▃Magach 3 (ERA) · ▃Merkava Mk.1 · ▃Merkava Mk.2B · ▃Merkava Mk.3D
Turkey  M60 AMBT

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