Difference between revisions of "Pe-2-359"

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{{Specs-Card|code=pe-2-359}}
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{{About
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| about = Soviet dive bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
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| usage = other versions
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| link = Pe-2 (Family)
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}}
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{{Specs-Card
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|code=pe-2-359
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|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
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}}
  
 
== Description ==
 
== Description ==
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''In the description, the first part needs to be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert screenshot of the vehicle. If the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle it is talking about.''
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<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' -->
 +
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.
 +
 
 +
The Pe-2 fulfils much the same attack craft role as the [[IL-2 (1941)|IL-2]].  While the armament is a mix of MGs and therefore worse than the IL-2's, it can carry much heavier bombs, allowing it to destroy targets in one hit that a Sturmovik might take two or three bombs to destroy.  Additionally, its nose-mounted weaponry, ability to mount rockets, and fact that it spawns at bomber altitude in Arcade make it a surprisingly effective bomber hunter in a pinch.  However, as in other attack craft, you should have a friendly cover you whenever possible. While it has a decent amount of defensive guns and is faster than the Sturmovik, it is still very vulnerable when caught alone. Further, it is very vulnerable to diving attacks due to its dorsal-mounted fuel tank.
 +
 
 +
Performance-wise, the Pe-2-359's top speed is 552 km/h (343 mph) at an altitude of 3,700 m (12,139 ft) and 470 km/h (292 mph) at sea level. Reaching an altitude of 3,700 m takes 4 minutes and 37 seconds, a full horizontal turn at a speed of 500 km/h (310.7 mph) is completed in 18 seconds and a full loop at the same speed is completed in 20 seconds. Structural damage occurs around 790 km/h (540.6 mph) indicated airspeed (IAS).
 +
 
 +
The biggest advantages of the Pe-2-359 are its speed and manoeuvrability. In both departments, the Pe-2-359 is impressive. Both at altitude and at sea level, its speed is good for a twin-engine bomber, allowing you to either make low-altitude high-speed attack runs or to quickly get into position for dive attacks. It's also surprisingly agile for a bomber, as it can horizontally out turn most heavy fighters and even some less agile single-engine fighters. As to offensive capabilities, the aircraft is equipped both with a horizontal bombsight and airbrakes, so it can act both as a horizontal bomber and as a dive bomber against precision targets. Alternatively, ten RS-132 rockets can make the Pe-2-359 a formidable tank buster.
 +
 
 +
However, there are disadvantages as well. The fixed armament is inadequate at best. Two nose-mounted machine guns simply lack the punch of cannons and their low ammunition supply prevents prolonged usage. The defensive armament is not any better – the upper and lower hemisphere of the aircraft are each defended only by a single 12.7 mm machine gun, with the ventral turret having an extremely limited field of view and the side mounts being largely redundant. Your best defence is then the Pe-2-359's agility and speed. When attacked by enemy fighters, use your speed to run away and your agility to dodge gun passes.
 +
 
 +
Fast, agile and very versatile, the Pe-2-359 can be a great bomber if used correctly and its niche lays in tank battles, where it can utilize its rocket armament and dive bomber capabilities. Further research of this line will then lead you to larger and much better armed [[Tu-2S|Tupolev Tu-2]] bomber.
  
 
== General info ==
 
== General info ==
−
=== Flight Performance ===
+
=== Flight performance ===
−
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Maximum speed, maneuverability, speed and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''
+
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}
 +
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
 +
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
 +
! colspan="2" | Max Speed<br>(km/h at 3,700 m)
 +
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude<br>(metres)
 +
! colspan="2" | Turn time<br>(seconds)
 +
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb<br>(metres/second)
 +
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run<br>(metres)
 +
|-
 +
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
 +
|-
 +
! Stock
 +
| 524 || 509 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 27.3 || 28.7 || 10.6 || 10.5 || rowspan="2" | 326
 +
|-
 +
! Upgraded
 +
| 555 || 540 || 24.8 || 26.0 || 15.1 || 12.8
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
==== Details ====
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="5" | Features
 +
|-
 +
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
 +
|-
 +
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X    <!-- ✓ -->
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="7" | Limits
 +
|-
 +
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
 +
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
 +
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
 +
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
 +
|-
 +
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
 +
|-
 +
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 508 || 477 || 320 || ~11 || ~6
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
 +
|-
 +
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
 +
|-
 +
| < 380 || < 380 || < 440 || > 250
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
 
=== Survivability and armour ===
 
=== Survivability and armour ===
−
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured. Describe the armour, if there is any, also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''
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{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}
 +
<!-- ''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.'' -->
 +
 
 +
* 8 mm Steel plate behind the pilot x 2
 +
* 8 mm Steel plate in behind of dorsal gunner
 +
* 8 mm Steel plate in the ventral turret (bottom)
 +
* 8 mm Steel plate in the ventral turret (top/rear)
 +
* No armour glazing
 +
* Critical components located in front of aircraft (fuel, pilot, engine, controls)
 +
* More fuel tanks located in wings near fuselage
 +
 
 +
=== Modifications and economy ===
 +
{{Specs-Economy}}
 +
 
 +
* The first rank of upgrades are rather uninteresting. Take either two out of three to unlock research for Tier 2.
 +
* ''DZ-40'' first to unlock more payload variants. Afterwards, the only thing to worry about is performance. Acceleration takes a hit with the new heavier payloads.
 +
 
 +
Useful and in order of research are: ''Compressor'', ''Engine'', ''Wings repair'', ''Engine Injection'' & ''Cover''. The remaining upgrades can be chosen and upgraded in any order.
 +
 
 +
== Armaments ==
 +
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
 +
=== Offensive armament ===
 +
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}
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<!-- ''Describe the offensive armament of the aircraft, if any. Describe how effective the cannons and machine guns are in a battle, and also what belts or drums are better to use. If there is no offensive weaponry, delete this subsection.'' -->
 +
{{main|Berezin UB (12.7 mm)|ShKAS (7.62 mm)}}
 +
 
 +
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:
 +
 
 +
* 1 x 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun, nose-mounted (150 rpg)
 +
* 1 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun, nose-mounted (450 rpg)
 +
 
 +
=== Suspended armament ===
 +
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}
 +
<!-- ''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.'' -->
 +
 
 +
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
 +
|-
 +
! !! width="5%" | 1 !! width="5%" | 2 !! width="5%" | 3 !! width="5%" | 4 !! width="5%" | 5 !! width="5%" | 6 !! width="5%" | 7 !! width="5%" | 8 !! width="5%" | 9
 +
| rowspan="9" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_Pe-2-31.png]]</div>
 +
|-
 +
! [[FAB-100M-43 (100 kg)|100 kg FAB-100M-43]] bombs
 +
| || 1 || 1 || 1 || 4 || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
 +
|-
 +
! [[FAB-250M-43 (250 kg)|250 kg FAB-250M-43]] bombs
 +
| || || 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1 || ||
 +
|-
 +
! [[BRAB-250 (250 kg)|250 kg BRAB-250]] bombs
 +
| || || 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1 || ||
 +
|-
 +
! [[FAB-500M-43 (500 kg)|500 kg FAB-500M-43]] bombs
 +
| || || || 1 || || 1 || || ||
 +
|-
 +
! [[BRAB-500 (500 kg)|500 kg BRAB-500]] bombs
 +
| || || || 1 || || 1 || || ||
 +
|-
 +
! [[M-13UK]] rockets
 +
| 5 || || || || || || || || 5
 +
|-
 +
! [[RBS-132]] rockets
 +
| 5 || || || || || || || || 5
 +
|-
 +
| colspan="10" | Maximum permissible loadout weight: 1,050 kg
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
 +
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
 +
* Without load
 +
* 6 x 100 kg FAB-100M-43 bombs (600 kg total)
 +
* 10 x 100 kg FAB-100M-43 bombs (1,000 kg total)
 +
* 4 x 250 kg FAB-250M-43 bombs (1,000 kg total)
 +
* 4 x 250 kg BRAB-250 bombs (1,000 kg total)
 +
* 2 x 500 kg FAB-500M-43 bombs (1,000 kg total)
 +
* 2 x 500 kg BRAB-500 bombs (1,000 kg total)
 +
* 10 x M-13UK rockets
 +
* 10 x RBS-132 rockets
 +
{{Navigation-End}}
 +
 
 +
=== Defensive armament ===
 +
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}
 +
<!-- ''Defensive armament with turret machine guns or cannons, crewed by gunners. Examine the number of gunners and what belts or drums are better to use. If defensive weaponry is not available, remove this subsection.'' -->
 +
{{main|Berezin UB (12.7 mm)|ShKAS (7.62 mm)}}
 +
 
 +
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:
  
−
== Weaponry ==
+
* 1 x 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun, dorsal turret (200 rpg)
−
=== Offensive weaponry ===
+
* 1 x 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun, ventral turret (200 rpg)
−
''Describe the offensive weaponry of the aircraft, if any. Describe how effective the cannons and machine guns are in a battle, and also what belts or drums are better to use. If there is no offensive weaponry, delete this subsection.''
+
* 1 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun, 2 x beam turret (225 rpg = 450 total)
  
−
=== Suspended weaponry ===
+
== Usage in battles ==
−
''Describe the aircraft's suspended weapons: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''
+
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' -->
  
−
=== Defensive weaponry ===
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Its fixed armament consists of two nose-mounted machine guns – one 12.7 mm (0.5 in) UB machine gun with 150 rounds, and one 7.62 mm (0.3 in) ShKAS machine gun with 450 rounds. Another four machine guns are mounted as defensive armament. Two 12.7 mm UBT machine guns are mounted in dorsal and ventral turrets, and two ShKAS machine guns are mounted inside positions. The basic bomb load consists of six 100 kg (220 lb) carried internally in one central bomb bay and two smaller ordnance points at the rear of the engine nacelles. Through further progression, you can then unlock DZ-40 bomb racks, allowing you to carry three different ordnance configurations – either four 100 kg bombs internally and two 250 kg (551 lb) bombs externally, four 250 kg bombs externally, or two 500 kg (1102 lb) bombs externally. Alternatively, you can also unlock RO-132 rocket rails which will allow you to carry ten 132 mm (5.2") RS-132 rockets.
−
''Defensive weaponry with turret machine guns or cannons, crewed by gunners. Examine the number of gunners and what belts or drums are better to use. If defensive weaponry is not available remove this subsection.''
 
  
−
== Usage in the battles ==
+
Most versatile and useful payload variant is the ''2 x 250 kg + 4 x 100 kg'' option. Those dual outside mounted 250 kg bombs do NOT drop in pairs as usual (RB/SB effect). The same applies to 2 x 500 kg payload. Each one drops single upon pressing the release button. Beware though: The unlockable payload options take a big toll on climb rate, acceleration and speed. For a quick and speedy mission, the stock six times 100 kg bombs all mounted inside remains a very good choice.
−
''Describe the tactics of playing in an aircraft, the features of using vehicles in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''
+
[[File:BomberImage_Pe-2X-ray.jpg|thumbnail|right|X-Ray view of the Peshka's modules. Note the very big fuel tanks placed all over the plane.]]
 +
The ten rockets payload is worth a look too. If compared to the highest quantity bomb loads with six single drops each. This option can engage four targets more in Arcade, but one less than in RB/SB as the rockets are fired in pairs. The RS-132 is derived from the Katyusha artillery and therefore quite potent. However, 100 kg of bombs are stronger in overall strength and depending on the terrain easier to deliver. Rockets however only require aim with the crosshair, allowing for an unobstructed view and a direct approach. Especially the former point is on often overlooked advantage. A third difference is the delivery time, rockets are just faster at the target. A big advantage versus moving targets. And they can double as anti-air armament, a department where the Pe-2s are severely lacking.
 +
 
 +
=== Manual Engine Control ===
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
 +
|-
 +
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
 +
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
 +
! colspan="3" | Radiator
 +
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
 +
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
 +
|-
 +
! Oil !! Water !! Type
 +
|-
 +
| Controllable || Controllable<br>Not auto controlled || Not controllable<br>Not auto controlled || Controllable<br>Auto control available || Separate || Controllable<br>2 gears || Not controllable
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
 
=== Pros and cons ===
 
=== Pros and cons ===
−
''Summarize and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Do not use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - they have a substitution in the form of softer "inadequate", "effective".''
+
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' -->
  
 
'''Pros:'''
 
'''Pros:'''
−
*
+
 
 +
* Good manoeuvrability
 +
* Decent speed
 +
* Versatile payloads
 +
* Nose-mounted weaponry
  
 
'''Cons:'''
 
'''Cons:'''
−
*
 
  
−
== Historical part ==
+
* Large target
−
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ historical reference" (example: https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Name-vehicles/historical reference) and add a link to it here using the main template. Be sure to include links to sources at the end of the article.''
+
* Small ammunition pools
 +
* Offensive armament is underwhelming
 +
* Defensive armament is less-effective
 +
* Large fuel tank in the midsection makes it vulnerable to fires.
 +
 
 +
== History ==
 +
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' -->
 +
[[File:Petlyakov Pe-2 Peshka (14467132393).jpg|thumbnail|right|Two Peshkas flying in formation. Likely to be two more out of the picture and therefore part of a flight of Pe-2s.]]
 +
Originally, the Petlyakov Pe-2 was not supposed to be a bomber at all. Its direct predecessor, designated VI-100, was designed by a prison design bureau team led by Vladimir Petlyakov as a high-altitude escort fighter. The VI-100 was very modern for its time, featuring a pressurized two-seat cockpit, electrically actuated systems and all-metal construction, and was powered by two supercharged Klimov M-105 V-12 inline engines producing 1,100 horsepower each. The prototype was completed in 1939 and during its first test flight on 7th May 1939, it reached a top speed of 627.6 km/h (390 mph) – an astounding performance for its time.  The results of flight tests were so promising that the VI-100 was ordered into production.
 +
 
 +
However, Germany launched the "Blitzkrieg" campaign in September 1939. Aside from their revolutionary usage of tanks, the campaign in Poland featured notable usage of Ju 87 dive bombers and showed their potential. Consequently, the Soviet authorities ordered the VI-100 to be redesigned as a dive bomber. Pressurization equipment and engine superchargers were removed, dive brakes were installed under the wings and the bombardier position was added to the nose of the aircraft(raising the number of crew members to three). A ventral bomb bay was added along with the two smaller bomb positions located at the rear of engine nacelles.  Two rear-facing turrets, each armed by a single ShKAS machine gun, were installed to dorsal and ventral positions. Resulting aircraft, able to carry up to 1,600 kg / 3,520 lbs of bombs, was designated PB-100. The first prototype flew on 15th December 1940 and its performance (top speed of 540.7 km/h / 336 mph) was so good that Vladimir Petlyakov was released and the aircraft was named after him, thus receiving the designation Petlyakov Pe-2. The bomber was then rushed into serial production and deliveries to combat units began in the spring of 1941. The deliveries were, however, slow and by the time of the German invasion in June 1941, only about 458 Pe-2's were delivered.
 +
 
 +
The Pe-2, nicknamed Peshka ("Pawn") by its crews, quickly proved itself to be an effective dive bomber and together with the Ilyushin Il-2 Sturmovik attacker, it became the most important offensive weapon of the Soviet Army Air Force. The bomber was fast and agile enough to be an elusive target for German fighters and also proved its versatility – it was used for reconnaissance and artillery spotting and also became the basis for the [[Pe-3bis|Pe-3]] heavy fighter. Losses were heavy, however. Crews often complained about a lack of armour protection for the cockpit and fuel tanks as well as poor defensive armament and unreliable dive brakes, which sometimes failed to retract and allowed top speeds of only around 300 km/h (186.4 mph), making the fast bomber easy prey.
 +
 
 +
Based on these hard-earned experiences, the Pe-2 was being continuously improved over time. New, uprated Klimov M-105PF engines were installed producing 1210 horsepower each, and additional armour to the cockpit and fuel tanks were added. The defensive armament was improved by replacing dorsal and ventral ShKAS machine guns with 12.7 mm (.50 cal) UBT machine guns, and the fixed armament was modified to one ShkAS and one UB machine gun. The Pe-2 series 359 series, one of the latest variants of the Pe-2, then featured all of these modifications and could be distinguished from older series by individual exhaust pipes on the engines.
 +
 
 +
More than 11 000 Pe-2's were manufactured between 1941 and 1945 and were used on all fronts including Baltic sea, where Peshkas were used as naval bombers. Eventually, Pe-2's started to be supplanted and replaced by heavier and more advanced Tupolev [[Tu-2]] bombers from 1942 onward and were definitely phased out of service after the arrival of the Ilyushin [[IL-28]] jet bomber in 1950. It was also widely exported to various Warsaw Pact countries, where it was used until 1954.
 +
 
 +
{{break}}
 +
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
 +
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
 +
The final stage of mass production saw rather minor changes in the Pe-2's design. Beginning with series 359, all aircraft were equipped with individual exhaust pipes for the engines, and from series 382 on, a more powerful pneumatic starter was installed, changes were made to the sights, the oxygen system, the radio equipment, and other devices. In addition, minor aerodynamic improvements were made.
 +
 
 +
Towards the very end of 1944, the last major change was introduced into the production Pe-2s: the wingtips were redesigned. The modified tips increased the Pe-2's maximum flight speeds and service ceiling and simultaneously improved its landing behavior.
 +
 
 +
The Pe-2 was used on all fronts by the Air Force of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and also by naval aviation units from the beginning of World War II. It was employed as a dive bomber and as a photo reconnaissance aircraft. In early 1943, the Pe-2 drove the obsolete SB bombers out of regular military units, becoming the main and most widespread Soviet front line bomber.
 +
 
 +
The Pe-2 reached its maximum potential under the control of Soviet flight crews, with whom it was a popular plane. It remained in service from the first day of the war to the last. Its last sortie in Europe was flown on May 8, 1945, towards the port of Liepaja. The Pe-2s also participated in a short military campaign in the Far East.
 +
 
 +
During the war years, the Pe-2 was in service with Finland and Poland, as well as the USSR. Finnish Pe-2s, captured Soviet planes purchased from Germany, were used in Southern Karelia and against Leningrad, and they also participated in anti-submarine patrolling in the Baltics. The Polish bombers did not take part in any combat operations.
 +
 
 +
The Pe-2's production was halted in December 1945. A total of 11,070 Pe-2's (including all variants) were produced from 1940 to 1945. None of the Soviet bombers were built in such numbers as the Pe-2, neither before nor after its production.
 +
 
 +
After the war, the Pe-2 was in service with the USSR Air Force for several more years and were also shipped to the USSR's allies: Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, and China.
 +
{{Navigation-End}}
  
 
== Media ==
 
== Media ==
−
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''
+
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' -->
 +
 
 +
;Skins
 +
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=pe-2-359 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]
 +
 
 +
;Images
 +
<gallery mode="packed-hover">
 +
Image:Cockpit_Pe-2.jpg|<small>Cockpit with translated gauges</small>
 +
</gallery>
  
−
== Read also ==
+
== See also ==
−
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example,''
+
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
 
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
 
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
−
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''
+
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' -->
−
''ETC.''
 
  
−
== Sources ==
+
;Related development
−
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
+
* [[Pe-2 (Family)]]
 +
 
 +
;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
 +
* [[Pe-3 (Family)]]
 +
 
 +
== External links ==
 +
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
 
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
 
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
−
* ''page on the Wikipedia;''
+
* ''other literature.'' -->
−
* ''page on aircraft encyclopedia;''
+
 
−
* ''other literature.''
+
* [[wt:en/news/3341--en|[Vehicle Profile] Pe-2-359]]
 +
* [[wikipedia:Petlyakov_Pe-2|[Wikipedia] Petlyakov Pe-2]]
 +
* [http://www.airvectors.net/avpe2.html <nowiki>[Air Vectors]</nowiki> The Petlyakov Pe-2]
 +
 
 +
{{AirManufacturer Petlyakov}}
 +
{{USSR bombers}}

Latest revision as of 10:45, 4 November 2023

Rank 7 USA
F-5C Pack
This page is about the Soviet dive bomber Pe-2-359. For other versions, see Pe-2 (Family).
Pe-2-359
pe-2-359.png
GarageImage Pe-2-359.jpg
Pe-2-359
USSR flag.png USSR
III Rank
Battle rating:
AB RB SB
4.3 4.3 4.7
Class:
Research:17 000 Specs-Card-Exp.png
Purchase:105 000 Specs-Card-Lion.png
Show in game

Description

The Pe-2-359 Peshka is a rank III Soviet bomber with a battle rating of 4.3 (AB/RB) and 4.7 (SB). It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

The Pe-2 fulfils much the same attack craft role as the IL-2. While the armament is a mix of MGs and therefore worse than the IL-2's, it can carry much heavier bombs, allowing it to destroy targets in one hit that a Sturmovik might take two or three bombs to destroy. Additionally, its nose-mounted weaponry, ability to mount rockets, and fact that it spawns at bomber altitude in Arcade make it a surprisingly effective bomber hunter in a pinch. However, as in other attack craft, you should have a friendly cover you whenever possible. While it has a decent amount of defensive guns and is faster than the Sturmovik, it is still very vulnerable when caught alone. Further, it is very vulnerable to diving attacks due to its dorsal-mounted fuel tank.

Performance-wise, the Pe-2-359's top speed is 552 km/h (343 mph) at an altitude of 3,700 m (12,139 ft) and 470 km/h (292 mph) at sea level. Reaching an altitude of 3,700 m takes 4 minutes and 37 seconds, a full horizontal turn at a speed of 500 km/h (310.7 mph) is completed in 18 seconds and a full loop at the same speed is completed in 20 seconds. Structural damage occurs around 790 km/h (540.6 mph) indicated airspeed (IAS).

The biggest advantages of the Pe-2-359 are its speed and manoeuvrability. In both departments, the Pe-2-359 is impressive. Both at altitude and at sea level, its speed is good for a twin-engine bomber, allowing you to either make low-altitude high-speed attack runs or to quickly get into position for dive attacks. It's also surprisingly agile for a bomber, as it can horizontally out turn most heavy fighters and even some less agile single-engine fighters. As to offensive capabilities, the aircraft is equipped both with a horizontal bombsight and airbrakes, so it can act both as a horizontal bomber and as a dive bomber against precision targets. Alternatively, ten RS-132 rockets can make the Pe-2-359 a formidable tank buster.

However, there are disadvantages as well. The fixed armament is inadequate at best. Two nose-mounted machine guns simply lack the punch of cannons and their low ammunition supply prevents prolonged usage. The defensive armament is not any better – the upper and lower hemisphere of the aircraft are each defended only by a single 12.7 mm machine gun, with the ventral turret having an extremely limited field of view and the side mounts being largely redundant. Your best defence is then the Pe-2-359's agility and speed. When attacked by enemy fighters, use your speed to run away and your agility to dodge gun passes.

Fast, agile and very versatile, the Pe-2-359 can be a great bomber if used correctly and its niche lays in tank battles, where it can utilize its rocket armament and dive bomber capabilities. Further research of this line will then lead you to larger and much better armed Tupolev Tu-2 bomber.

General info

Flight performance

Air brakes
Allows you to dramatically reduce the flight speed by releasing special flaps
Max speed
at 3 700 m540 km/h
Turn time26 s
Max altitude9 000 m
Engine2 х Klimov VK-105PF
TypeInline
Cooling systemWater
Take-off weight9 t

Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.

Characteristics Max Speed
(km/h at 3,700 m) 		Max altitude
(metres) 		Turn time
(seconds) 		Rate of climb
(metres/second) 		Take-off run
(metres)
AB RB AB RB AB RB
Stock 524 509 9000 27.3 28.7 10.6 10.5 326
Upgraded 555 540 24.8 26.0 15.1 12.8

Details

Features
Combat flaps Take-off flaps Landing flaps Air brakes Arrestor gear
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ X
Limits
Wings (km/h) Gear (km/h) Flaps (km/h) Max Static G
Combat Take-off Landing + -
740 450 508 477 320 ~11 ~6
Optimal velocities (km/h)
Ailerons Rudder Elevators Radiator
< 380 < 380 < 440 > 250

Survivability and armour

Crew3 people
Speed of destruction
Structural740 km/h
Gear450 km/h
  • 8 mm Steel plate behind the pilot x 2
  • 8 mm Steel plate in behind of dorsal gunner
  • 8 mm Steel plate in the ventral turret (bottom)
  • 8 mm Steel plate in the ventral turret (top/rear)
  • No armour glazing
  • Critical components located in front of aircraft (fuel, pilot, engine, controls)
  • More fuel tanks located in wings near fuselage

Modifications and economy

Repair costBasic → Reference
AB1 296 → 1 651 Sl icon.png
RB2 810 → 3 579 Sl icon.png
SB5 472 → 6 971 Sl icon.png
Total cost of modifications29 900 Rp icon.png
58 600 Sl icon.png
Talisman cost1 200 Ge icon.png
Crew training30 000 Sl icon.png
Experts105 000 Sl icon.png
Aces590 Ge icon.png
Research Aces360 000 Rp icon.png
Reward for battleAB / RB / SB
90 / 200 / 410 % Sl icon.png
148 / 148 / 148 % Rp icon.png
Modifications
Flight performance Survivability Weaponry
Mods aerodinamic fuse.png
Fuselage repair
Research:
1 200 Rp icon.png
Cost:
2 400 Sl icon.png
125 Ge icon.png
Mods radiator.png
Radiator
Research:
1 200 Rp icon.png
Cost:
2 400 Sl icon.png
125 Ge icon.png
Mods armor frame.png
Airframe
Research:
1 700 Rp icon.png
Cost:
3 300 Sl icon.png
180 Ge icon.png
Mods compressor.png
Compressor
Research:
1 700 Rp icon.png
Cost:
3 300 Sl icon.png
180 Ge icon.png
Mods aerodinamic wing.png
Wings repair
Research:
1 500 Rp icon.png
Cost:
2 900 Sl icon.png
155 Ge icon.png
Mods new engine.png
Engine
Research:
1 500 Rp icon.png
Cost:
2 900 Sl icon.png
155 Ge icon.png
Mods armor cover.png
Cover
Research:
3 200 Rp icon.png
Cost:
6 300 Sl icon.png
340 Ge icon.png
Mods ammo.png
shkas_belt_pack
Research:
1 200 Rp icon.png
Cost:
2 400 Sl icon.png
125 Ge icon.png
Mod arrow 0.png
Mods ammo.png
shkas_turret_belt_pack
Research:
1 200 Rp icon.png
Cost:
2 400 Sl icon.png
125 Ge icon.png
Mod arrow 0.png
Mods pilon bomb.png
DZ-40
Research:
1 200 Rp icon.png
Cost:
2 400 Sl icon.png
125 Ge icon.png
Mod arrow 1.png
Mods weapon.png
shkas_new_gun
Research:
1 700 Rp icon.png
Cost:
3 300 Sl icon.png
180 Ge icon.png
Mods turret gun.png
shkas_turret_new_gun
Research:
1 700 Rp icon.png
Cost:
3 300 Sl icon.png
180 Ge icon.png
Mods ammo.png
ub_belt_pack
Research:
1 500 Rp icon.png
Cost:
2 900 Sl icon.png
155 Ge icon.png
Mod arrow 0.png
Mods ammo.png
ub_turret_belt_pack
Research:
1 500 Rp icon.png
Cost:
2 900 Sl icon.png
155 Ge icon.png
Mod arrow 0.png
Mods pilon rocket.png
RO-132
Research:
1 500 Rp icon.png
Cost:
2 900 Sl icon.png
155 Ge icon.png
Mods weapon.png
ub_new_gun
Research:
3 200 Rp icon.png
Cost:
6 300 Sl icon.png
340 Ge icon.png
Mods turret gun.png
ub_turret_new_gun
Research:
3 200 Rp icon.png
Cost:
6 300 Sl icon.png
340 Ge icon.png
  • The first rank of upgrades are rather uninteresting. Take either two out of three to unlock research for Tier 2.
  • DZ-40 first to unlock more payload variants. Afterwards, the only thing to worry about is performance. Acceleration takes a hit with the new heavier payloads.

Useful and in order of research are: Compressor, Engine, Wings repair, Engine Injection & Cover. The remaining upgrades can be chosen and upgraded in any order.

Armaments

Offensive armament

Main articles: Berezin UB (12.7 mm), ShKAS (7.62 mm)

The Pe-2-359 is armed with:

  • 1 x 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun, nose-mounted (150 rpg)
  • 1 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun, nose-mounted (450 rpg)

Suspended armament

The Pe-2-359 can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Hardpoints Pe-2-31.png
100 kg FAB-100M-43 bombs 1 1 1 4 1 1 1
250 kg FAB-250M-43 bombs 1 1 1 1
250 kg BRAB-250 bombs 1 1 1 1
500 kg FAB-500M-43 bombs 1 1
500 kg BRAB-500 bombs 1 1
M-13UK rockets 5 5
RBS-132 rockets 5 5
Maximum permissible loadout weight: 1,050 kg
Default weapon presets
  • Without load
  • 6 x 100 kg FAB-100M-43 bombs (600 kg total)
  • 10 x 100 kg FAB-100M-43 bombs (1,000 kg total)
  • 4 x 250 kg FAB-250M-43 bombs (1,000 kg total)
  • 4 x 250 kg BRAB-250 bombs (1,000 kg total)
  • 2 x 500 kg FAB-500M-43 bombs (1,000 kg total)
  • 2 x 500 kg BRAB-500 bombs (1,000 kg total)
  • 10 x M-13UK rockets
  • 10 x RBS-132 rockets

Defensive armament

Main articles: Berezin UB (12.7 mm), ShKAS (7.62 mm)

The Pe-2-359 is defended by:

  • 1 x 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun, dorsal turret (200 rpg)
  • 1 x 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun, ventral turret (200 rpg)
  • 1 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun, 2 x beam turret (225 rpg = 450 total)

Usage in battles

Its fixed armament consists of two nose-mounted machine guns – one 12.7 mm (0.5 in) UB machine gun with 150 rounds, and one 7.62 mm (0.3 in) ShKAS machine gun with 450 rounds. Another four machine guns are mounted as defensive armament. Two 12.7 mm UBT machine guns are mounted in dorsal and ventral turrets, and two ShKAS machine guns are mounted inside positions. The basic bomb load consists of six 100 kg (220 lb) carried internally in one central bomb bay and two smaller ordnance points at the rear of the engine nacelles. Through further progression, you can then unlock DZ-40 bomb racks, allowing you to carry three different ordnance configurations – either four 100 kg bombs internally and two 250 kg (551 lb) bombs externally, four 250 kg bombs externally, or two 500 kg (1102 lb) bombs externally. Alternatively, you can also unlock RO-132 rocket rails which will allow you to carry ten 132 mm (5.2") RS-132 rockets.

Most versatile and useful payload variant is the 2 x 250 kg + 4 x 100 kg option. Those dual outside mounted 250 kg bombs do NOT drop in pairs as usual (RB/SB effect). The same applies to 2 x 500 kg payload. Each one drops single upon pressing the release button. Beware though: The unlockable payload options take a big toll on climb rate, acceleration and speed. For a quick and speedy mission, the stock six times 100 kg bombs all mounted inside remains a very good choice.

X-Ray view of the Peshka's modules. Note the very big fuel tanks placed all over the plane.

The ten rockets payload is worth a look too. If compared to the highest quantity bomb loads with six single drops each. This option can engage four targets more in Arcade, but one less than in RB/SB as the rockets are fired in pairs. The RS-132 is derived from the Katyusha artillery and therefore quite potent. However, 100 kg of bombs are stronger in overall strength and depending on the terrain easier to deliver. Rockets however only require aim with the crosshair, allowing for an unobstructed view and a direct approach. Especially the former point is on often overlooked advantage. A third difference is the delivery time, rockets are just faster at the target. A big advantage versus moving targets. And they can double as anti-air armament, a department where the Pe-2s are severely lacking.

Manual Engine Control

MEC elements
Mixer Pitch Radiator Supercharger Turbocharger
Oil Water Type
Controllable Controllable
Not auto controlled 		Not controllable
Not auto controlled 		Controllable
Auto control available 		Separate Controllable
2 gears 		Not controllable

Pros and cons

Pros:

  • Good manoeuvrability
  • Decent speed
  • Versatile payloads
  • Nose-mounted weaponry

Cons:

  • Large target
  • Small ammunition pools
  • Offensive armament is underwhelming
  • Defensive armament is less-effective
  • Large fuel tank in the midsection makes it vulnerable to fires.

History

Two Peshkas flying in formation. Likely to be two more out of the picture and therefore part of a flight of Pe-2s.

Originally, the Petlyakov Pe-2 was not supposed to be a bomber at all. Its direct predecessor, designated VI-100, was designed by a prison design bureau team led by Vladimir Petlyakov as a high-altitude escort fighter. The VI-100 was very modern for its time, featuring a pressurized two-seat cockpit, electrically actuated systems and all-metal construction, and was powered by two supercharged Klimov M-105 V-12 inline engines producing 1,100 horsepower each. The prototype was completed in 1939 and during its first test flight on 7th May 1939, it reached a top speed of 627.6 km/h (390 mph) – an astounding performance for its time. The results of flight tests were so promising that the VI-100 was ordered into production.

However, Germany launched the "Blitzkrieg" campaign in September 1939. Aside from their revolutionary usage of tanks, the campaign in Poland featured notable usage of Ju 87 dive bombers and showed their potential. Consequently, the Soviet authorities ordered the VI-100 to be redesigned as a dive bomber. Pressurization equipment and engine superchargers were removed, dive brakes were installed under the wings and the bombardier position was added to the nose of the aircraft(raising the number of crew members to three). A ventral bomb bay was added along with the two smaller bomb positions located at the rear of engine nacelles. Two rear-facing turrets, each armed by a single ShKAS machine gun, were installed to dorsal and ventral positions. Resulting aircraft, able to carry up to 1,600 kg / 3,520 lbs of bombs, was designated PB-100. The first prototype flew on 15th December 1940 and its performance (top speed of 540.7 km/h / 336 mph) was so good that Vladimir Petlyakov was released and the aircraft was named after him, thus receiving the designation Petlyakov Pe-2. The bomber was then rushed into serial production and deliveries to combat units began in the spring of 1941. The deliveries were, however, slow and by the time of the German invasion in June 1941, only about 458 Pe-2's were delivered.

The Pe-2, nicknamed Peshka ("Pawn") by its crews, quickly proved itself to be an effective dive bomber and together with the Ilyushin Il-2 Sturmovik attacker, it became the most important offensive weapon of the Soviet Army Air Force. The bomber was fast and agile enough to be an elusive target for German fighters and also proved its versatility – it was used for reconnaissance and artillery spotting and also became the basis for the Pe-3 heavy fighter. Losses were heavy, however. Crews often complained about a lack of armour protection for the cockpit and fuel tanks as well as poor defensive armament and unreliable dive brakes, which sometimes failed to retract and allowed top speeds of only around 300 km/h (186.4 mph), making the fast bomber easy prey.

Based on these hard-earned experiences, the Pe-2 was being continuously improved over time. New, uprated Klimov M-105PF engines were installed producing 1210 horsepower each, and additional armour to the cockpit and fuel tanks were added. The defensive armament was improved by replacing dorsal and ventral ShKAS machine guns with 12.7 mm (.50 cal) UBT machine guns, and the fixed armament was modified to one ShkAS and one UB machine gun. The Pe-2 series 359 series, one of the latest variants of the Pe-2, then featured all of these modifications and could be distinguished from older series by individual exhaust pipes on the engines.

More than 11 000 Pe-2's were manufactured between 1941 and 1945 and were used on all fronts including Baltic sea, where Peshkas were used as naval bombers. Eventually, Pe-2's started to be supplanted and replaced by heavier and more advanced Tupolev Tu-2 bombers from 1942 onward and were definitely phased out of service after the arrival of the Ilyushin IL-28 jet bomber in 1950. It was also widely exported to various Warsaw Pact countries, where it was used until 1954.


Archive of the in-game description

The final stage of mass production saw rather minor changes in the Pe-2's design. Beginning with series 359, all aircraft were equipped with individual exhaust pipes for the engines, and from series 382 on, a more powerful pneumatic starter was installed, changes were made to the sights, the oxygen system, the radio equipment, and other devices. In addition, minor aerodynamic improvements were made.

Towards the very end of 1944, the last major change was introduced into the production Pe-2s: the wingtips were redesigned. The modified tips increased the Pe-2's maximum flight speeds and service ceiling and simultaneously improved its landing behavior.

The Pe-2 was used on all fronts by the Air Force of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and also by naval aviation units from the beginning of World War II. It was employed as a dive bomber and as a photo reconnaissance aircraft. In early 1943, the Pe-2 drove the obsolete SB bombers out of regular military units, becoming the main and most widespread Soviet front line bomber.

The Pe-2 reached its maximum potential under the control of Soviet flight crews, with whom it was a popular plane. It remained in service from the first day of the war to the last. Its last sortie in Europe was flown on May 8, 1945, towards the port of Liepaja. The Pe-2s also participated in a short military campaign in the Far East.

During the war years, the Pe-2 was in service with Finland and Poland, as well as the USSR. Finnish Pe-2s, captured Soviet planes purchased from Germany, were used in Southern Karelia and against Leningrad, and they also participated in anti-submarine patrolling in the Baltics. The Polish bombers did not take part in any combat operations.

The Pe-2's production was halted in December 1945. A total of 11,070 Pe-2's (including all variants) were produced from 1940 to 1945. None of the Soviet bombers were built in such numbers as the Pe-2, neither before nor after its production.

After the war, the Pe-2 was in service with the USSR Air Force for several more years and were also shipped to the USSR's allies: Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, and China.


Media

Skins
Images

  • Cockpit with translated gauges

See also

Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

External links


V.M. Petlyakov Design Bureau (Опытное конструкторское бюро Петлякова)
Fighters  Pe-3 (e) · Pe-3 · Pe-3bis
Bombers  Pe-2-1 · Pe-2-31 · Pe-2-83 · Pe-2-110 · Pe-2-205 · Pe-2-359 · Pe-8

USSR bombers
SB and Ar  SB 2M-100 · SB 2M-103 · SB 2M-103 MV-3 · SB 2M-103U · SB 2M-103U MV-3 · SB 2M-105 · Ar-2
Yer-2 (petrol)  Yer-2 (M-105) · Yer-2 (M-105) TAT · Yer-2 (M-105R) TAT · Yer-2 (M-105R) LU
Yer-2 (diesel)  Yer-2 (ACh-30B) (e) · Yer-2 (ACh-30B) (l)
Tu  Tu-2 · Tu-2S · Tu-2S-44 · Tu-2S-59 · Tu-4
Pe  Pe-2-1 · Pe-2-31 · Pe-2-83 · Pe-2-110 · Pe-2-205 · Pe-2-359 · Pe-8
IL  DB-3B · IL-4
Po  Po-2 · Po-2M
Other  MBR-2-M-34 · TB-3M-17-32 · Yak-4 · Be-6
Lend-Lease  ▂PBY-5A Catalina · ▂Hampden TB Mk I · ▂A-20G-30 · ▂B-25J-30

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