Difference between revisions of "Ho-103 (12.7 mm)"

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== Description ==
 
== Description ==
 +
<!-- ''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.'' -->
 
The Ho-103 is a variant of the Japanese Type 1 short-recoil operated heavy machine gun. The design was based on the M1921 Browning and chambered for the Italian 12.7x81SR cartridge. Compared to contemporaries such as the M2 Browning, the Ho-103 weighed less but had significantly lower muzzle velocity and projectile mass.
 
The Ho-103 is a variant of the Japanese Type 1 short-recoil operated heavy machine gun. The design was based on the M1921 Browning and chambered for the Italian 12.7x81SR cartridge. Compared to contemporaries such as the M2 Browning, the Ho-103 weighed less but had significantly lower muzzle velocity and projectile mass.
  
 
=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===
 
=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===
 
<!-- ''List out vehicles that are equipped with the weapon.'' -->
 
<!-- ''List out vehicles that are equipped with the weapon.'' -->
 +
 
{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}
 
{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}
−
{{Navigation-First-Line|Fighters}}Ki-43: {{Specs-Link|ki_43_1}} (Modification){{-}}{{Specs-Link|ki_43_2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ki_43_2_late}}
+
 
−
{{Navigation-Line|}}Ki-44: {{Specs-Link|ki_44_1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ki_44_2_hei}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ki_44_2_otsu}}
+
{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Fighters'''}}
−
{{Navigation-Line|}}Ki-61: {{Specs-Link|ki_61_1a_hei}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ki_61_1a_ko}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ki_61_1a_otsu}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ki_61_1a_otsu_usa}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ki_61_1a_tei}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ki_61_2_early}}
+
{{Navigation-Line|Ki-43}}{{Specs-Link|ki_43_1}}&nbsp;(Modification){{-}}{{Specs-Link|ki_43_2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ki_43_2_late}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ki_43_3_ko}}
−
{{Navigation-Line|}}Ki-84: {{Specs-Link|ki_84_ko}}
+
{{Navigation-Line|Ki-44}}{{Specs-Link|ki_44_1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ki_44_1_ep}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ki_44_2_hei}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ki_44_2_hei_china}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ki_44_2_otsu}}
−
{{Navigation-Line|}}Ki-100: {{Specs-Link|ki_100_early}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ki_100_2}}
+
{{Navigation-Line|Ki-61}}{{Specs-Link|ki_61_1a_hei}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ki_61_1a_hei_ep}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ki_61_1a_ko}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ki_61_1a_otsu}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ki_61_1a_otsu_usa}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ki_61_1a_otsu_china}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ki_61_1a_tei}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ki_61_2_early}}
−
{{Navigation-Line|Twin-engine fighters}}{{Specs-Link|ki-45_ko}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ki-45_otsu}}
+
{{Navigation-Line|Ki-84}}{{Specs-Link|ki_84_ko}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ki_84_ko_china|␗Ki-84 ko}}
 +
{{Navigation-Line|Ki-100}}{{Specs-Link|ki_100_early}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ki_100_2}}
 +
 
 +
{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Twin-engine fighters'''}}{{Specs-Link|ki-45_ko}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ki-45_otsu}}
 +
 
 
{{Navigation-End}}
 
{{Navigation-End}}
  
 
== General info ==
 
== General info ==
 +
<!-- ''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.'' -->
 
The Ho-103 is the variant of the Type 1 machine gun intended for fixed mounting. It is directly related to the Ho-104; the Ho-104 being intended for flexible mounting.
 
The Ho-103 is the variant of the Type 1 machine gun intended for fixed mounting. It is directly related to the Ho-104; the Ho-104 being intended for flexible mounting.
  
−
The action of the Ho-103 was developed from the American M1919/M1921 Browning. It was badly suited for use in a synchronized mounting, reducing the fire rate from 900 to 400 RPM. The Type 1 machine gun (Ho-103/Ho-104) is distinct from the identically named Type 1 machine gun derived from the German MG 15.
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
!Rate of fire:
 
−
|900 RPM
 
−
400 RPM (synchronized)
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Weapon Mass
+
! Rate of fire
−
|23 kg
+
| 900 RPM
 +
|-
 +
! Weapon mass
 +
| 23 kg
 +
|-
 +
! Muzzle velocity
 +
| 780 m/s
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Muzzle velocity:
+
! Cartridge
−
|780 m/s
+
| 12.7x81SR Breda
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Cartridge
 
−
|12.7x81SR Breda
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
=== Available shells ===
+
=== Available ammunition ===
−
{| class="wikitable"
+
<!-- ''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).'' -->
−
|+Available belts
+
 
−
!'''Belt Type'''
+
* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF|High-explosive fragmentation}}
−
!'''Ammunition'''
+
* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI|High-explosive incendiary}}
−
!'''Armor Penetration (100m, 0°)'''
+
* '''Air targets:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI|High-explosive incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF|High-explosive fragmentation}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI|High-explosive incendiary}}
 +
* '''Tracers:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
 +
* '''Stealth:''' {{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI|High-explosive incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF|High-explosive fragmentation}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI|High-explosive incendiary}}
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
 +
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics
 +
|-
 +
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
 +
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
 +
|-
 +
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
 +
|-
 +
| Default || 21 || 19 || 13 || 7 || 4 || 3
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Default
+
| Universal || 21 || 19 || 13 || 7 || 4 || 3
−
|T - Ball - AP
 
−
|17 mm
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Universal
+
| Air targets || 21 || 19 || 13 || 7 || 4 || 3
−
|AP - T - IAI - I
 
−
|17 mm
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Air Targets
+
| Tracers || 21 || 19 || 13 || 7 || 4 || 3
−
|AP - T - IAI
 
−
|17 mm
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Tracers
+
| Stealth || 21 || 19 || 13 || 7 || 4 || 3
−
|T
 
−
|8 mm
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Stealth
 
−
|AP - IAI
 
−
|17 mm
 
 
|}
 
|}
−
AP: Armor Piercing
 
−
 
−
T: Tracer
 
−
 
−
I: Incendiary
 
−
 
−
IAI: Immediate Action Incendiary
 
−
 
−
Ball: Ballistic (solid shot)
 
  
 
=== Comparison with analogues ===
 
=== Comparison with analogues ===
 +
<!-- ''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.'' -->
 
The Ho-103 is one of the weakest aircraft HMGs in War Thunder.
 
The Ho-103 is one of the weakest aircraft HMGs in War Thunder.
  
 
Projectile mass (and thus explosive/incendiary payload) is lower than both the American .50 BMG and the German 13x64B cartridges. Muzzle velocity is slightly higher than the German MG 131, but over 100 m/s lower than the American M2. The low mass and low velocity reduce the effective range of the weapon and increase the necessary angle for bullet drop compensation.
 
Projectile mass (and thus explosive/incendiary payload) is lower than both the American .50 BMG and the German 13x64B cartridges. Muzzle velocity is slightly higher than the German MG 131, but over 100 m/s lower than the American M2. The low mass and low velocity reduce the effective range of the weapon and increase the necessary angle for bullet drop compensation.
  
−
The Ho-103 is nose-mounted and synchronized in many Japanese aircraft, cutting the fire rate in half. The result is a machine gun that fires a weak cartridge with high drop and a short effective range at as little as half the fire rate of its contemporaries.
+
== Usage in battles ==
−
 
+
<!-- ''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.'' -->
−
== Usage in battle ==
 
  
 
* Due to the low velocity, it is often impractical to use the Ho-103 at anything other than close range
 
* Due to the low velocity, it is often impractical to use the Ho-103 at anything other than close range
−
* The low damage output and (frequently) low fire rate means a sustained burst is generally required to disable a target.
 
 
* The typically low ammunition count of Japanese aircraft using the Ho-103 means that ammunition must be conserved judiciously.
 
* The typically low ammunition count of Japanese aircraft using the Ho-103 means that ammunition must be conserved judiciously.
 
* The Default and Tracer belts should not be used if possible. The lack of explosive incendiary bullets greatly reduces damage dealt.
 
* The Default and Tracer belts should not be used if possible. The lack of explosive incendiary bullets greatly reduces damage dealt.
  
 
=== Pros and cons ===
 
=== Pros and cons ===
−
''Summarize and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''
+
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.'' -->
  
 
'''Pros:'''
 
'''Pros:'''
  
−
* The weapon itself is fairly light.
+
* The weapon itself is fairly light
−
* The fired 12.7mm rounds consistently do more damage than 7.7mm.
+
* The fired 12.7 mm rounds consistently do more damage than 7.7 mm
−
* The unsynchronized rate of fire is high.
 
  
−
*
+
'''Cons:'''
  
−
'''Cons:'''
+
* Low muzzle velocity
 +
* The available shells have comparatively weak payloads
  
−
* Low muzzle velocity.
+
== History ==
−
* The available shells have comparatively weak payloads.
+
<!-- ''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.'' -->
−
* Low synchronized fire rate.
+
The '''Type 1 12.7 mm machine gun''', more commonly known as the '''Ho-103''' and '''Ho-104''', is a Japanese copy of the [[M2 Browning (12.7 mm)|AN/M2 Browning]] (Colt MG53-2), but redesigned for the the Italian ''12.7×81mmSR Breda'' cartridge.
  
−
*
+
The history of the Type 1 aircraft machine gun starts in 1937 when the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service (IJAAS) bought Italian made Fiat BR.20 bombers (designated ''Type 1 bomber'' in Japanese service) armed with [[Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT]] guns chambered for the 12.7×81mmSR Breda cartridge. This was the first proper heavy machine gun in IJAAS service, leading to Japan cloning the design as the ''Ho-102''. However, after getting their hands on the more modern "Colt MG52-2" (1930s M2 Browning for aircraft use, designated .50 AN/M2 Basic aircraft machine gun in US-service), Japan decided to instead clone its design and rework it for the already in use Italian cartridge as the ''Ho-103''. As the Italian "12.7×81mmSR Breda" cartridge is shorter and lighter than the "12.7×99mm Browning" cartridge used in the original Colt MG53-2 design, the Ho-103 design achieves a slightly higher rate of fire compared to its progenitor, as the bolt needs less power and travel time to extract and chamber ammunition, but at the cost of range and muzzle velocity due to the smaller propellant charge. To compensate, the Ho-103 was mostly loaded with High-Explosive Incendiary ammunition.
  
−
== History ==
+
The Ho-103 was intended as fixed armament, however it could be mounted in a flexible mount as defensive armament. In this configuration it is often incorrectly called the "[[Ho-104 (12.7 mm)|Ho-104]]", which was a different 12.7 mm flexible machine gun, developed from the fixed "Ho-101" 12.7 mm machine gun, a derivative of the 7.7 mm Type 89 machine gun re-engineered for the 12.7×81mmSR Breda" cartridge.
−
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of this weapon. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article.''
 
  
 
== Media ==
 
== Media ==
−
''An excellent addition to the article would be a video guide, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''
+
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
Line 115: Line 112:
  
 
== External links ==
 
== External links ==
−
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
+
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
 +
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
 +
* ''other literature.'' -->
  
−
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
+
* ''[https://www.amazon.com/Ki-43-Oscar-Aces-World-Aircraft/dp/1846034086/ "Ki-43 Oscar Aces of World War 2"]'' - 2010 Edition Paperback – January 1, 2009 by Hiroshi Ichimura | Jim Laurier (Author). ISBN-13: 978-1846034084
−
* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
 
−
* ''other literature.''
 
  
 
{{Aircraft machine guns}}
 
{{Aircraft machine guns}}
  
 
[[Category:Aircraft machine guns]]
 
[[Category:Aircraft machine guns]]

Latest revision as of 00:44, 23 April 2023

Description

The Ho-103 is a variant of the Japanese Type 1 short-recoil operated heavy machine gun. The design was based on the M1921 Browning and chambered for the Italian 12.7x81SR cartridge. Compared to contemporaries such as the M2 Browning, the Ho-103 weighed less but had significantly lower muzzle velocity and projectile mass.

Vehicles equipped with this weapon

Vehicles equipped with this weapon
Fighters 
Ki-43  Ki-43-I (Modification) · Ki-43-II · ▃Ki-43-II · ␗Ki-43-III ko
Ki-44  Ki-44-I · Ki-44-I 34 · Ki-44-II hei · ␗Ki-44-II hei · Ki-44-II otsu
Ki-61  Ki-61-I hei · Tada's Ki-61-I hei · Ki-61-I ko · Ki-61-I otsu · ▃Ki-61-Ib · ␗Ki-61-I otsu · Ki-61-I tei · Ki-61-II Otsu Kai
Ki-84  Ki-84 ko · ␗Ki-84 ko
Ki-100  Ki-100 · Ki-100-II
Twin-engine fighters  Ki-45 ko · Ki-45 otsu

General info

The Ho-103 is the variant of the Type 1 machine gun intended for fixed mounting. It is directly related to the Ho-104; the Ho-104 being intended for flexible mounting.

Rate of fire 900 RPM
Weapon mass 23 kg
Muzzle velocity 780 m/s
Cartridge 12.7x81SR Breda

Available ammunition

  • Default: AP-T · AP · HEF
  • Universal: AP-T · AP · HEI
  • Air targets: AP-T · HEI · HEF · HEI
  • Tracers: AP-T · AP · AP-T
  • Stealth: AP · HEI · HEF · HEI
Penetration statistics
Belt Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
10 m 100 m 500 m 1,000 m 1,500 m 2,000 m
Default 21 19 13 7 4 3
Universal 21 19 13 7 4 3
Air targets 21 19 13 7 4 3
Tracers 21 19 13 7 4 3
Stealth 21 19 13 7 4 3

Comparison with analogues

The Ho-103 is one of the weakest aircraft HMGs in War Thunder.

Projectile mass (and thus explosive/incendiary payload) is lower than both the American .50 BMG and the German 13x64B cartridges. Muzzle velocity is slightly higher than the German MG 131, but over 100 m/s lower than the American M2. The low mass and low velocity reduce the effective range of the weapon and increase the necessary angle for bullet drop compensation.

Usage in battles

  • Due to the low velocity, it is often impractical to use the Ho-103 at anything other than close range
  • The typically low ammunition count of Japanese aircraft using the Ho-103 means that ammunition must be conserved judiciously.
  • The Default and Tracer belts should not be used if possible. The lack of explosive incendiary bullets greatly reduces damage dealt.

Pros and cons

Pros:

  • The weapon itself is fairly light
  • The fired 12.7 mm rounds consistently do more damage than 7.7 mm

Cons:

  • Low muzzle velocity
  • The available shells have comparatively weak payloads

History

The Type 1 12.7 mm machine gun, more commonly known as the Ho-103 and Ho-104, is a Japanese copy of the AN/M2 Browning (Colt MG53-2), but redesigned for the the Italian 12.7×81mmSR Breda cartridge.

The history of the Type 1 aircraft machine gun starts in 1937 when the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service (IJAAS) bought Italian made Fiat BR.20 bombers (designated Type 1 bomber in Japanese service) armed with 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT guns chambered for the 12.7×81mmSR Breda cartridge. This was the first proper heavy machine gun in IJAAS service, leading to Japan cloning the design as the Ho-102. However, after getting their hands on the more modern "Colt MG52-2" (1930s M2 Browning for aircraft use, designated .50 AN/M2 Basic aircraft machine gun in US-service), Japan decided to instead clone its design and rework it for the already in use Italian cartridge as the Ho-103. As the Italian "12.7×81mmSR Breda" cartridge is shorter and lighter than the "12.7×99mm Browning" cartridge used in the original Colt MG53-2 design, the Ho-103 design achieves a slightly higher rate of fire compared to its progenitor, as the bolt needs less power and travel time to extract and chamber ammunition, but at the cost of range and muzzle velocity due to the smaller propellant charge. To compensate, the Ho-103 was mostly loaded with High-Explosive Incendiary ammunition.

The Ho-103 was intended as fixed armament, however it could be mounted in a flexible mount as defensive armament. In this configuration it is often incorrectly called the "Ho-104", which was a different 12.7 mm flexible machine gun, developed from the fixed "Ho-101" 12.7 mm machine gun, a derivative of the 7.7 mm Type 89 machine gun re-engineered for the 12.7×81mmSR Breda" cartridge.

Media

Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.

See also

Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:

  • reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;
  • references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.

External links


Aircraft machine guns
USA 
7.62 mm  Browning · M134 Minigun
12.7 mm  GAU-19 · M2 Browning · M3 Browning
Germany 
7.62 mm  MG3
7.92 mm  MG 15 · MG 17 · MG 81
12.7 mm  FN M3P
13 mm  MG 131
USSR 
7.62 mm  DA · GShG-7.62 · PKT · PV-1 · ShKAS
12.7 mm  A-12.7 · Berezin UB · TKB-481 · YaK-B
Britain 
7.62 mm  FN 60.30 · L8A1
7.7 mm  Browning · Lewis · Vickers E · Vickers K
Japan 
7.7 mm  Te-1 · Type 89 · Type 89 'special' · Type 92 · Type 97 navy
7.92 mm  Type 1 · Type 98
12.7 mm  Ho-103 · Ho-104
13 mm  Type 2
13.2 mm  Type 3
China 
12.7 mm  QJK99-12.7-1
Italy 
7.7 mm  Breda-SAFAT · Lewis
7.92 mm  FN Browning
12.7 mm  Breda-SAFAT · FN M3M · Scotti
France 
7.5 mm  Darne 1933 · Fabrique Nationale Mle 38 · FN Browning · MAC 1934 · MAC 1934T · Mle 33 · Mle 1923
7.62 mm  PKA
7.92 mm  FN-Browning M.36 No.3 · FN-Browning M.36 No.4
Sweden 
7.7 mm  FN-Browning M.36 No.3
8 mm  Ksp m/22 · Ksp m/22 Fh · Ksp m/22 Fv · Ksp m/22-37 R
12.7 mm  Akan m/39A · Akan m/40 · Akan m/45 · LKk/42
13.2 mm  Akan m/39 · Akan m/39A

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