M4A2 (76) W

M4A2 (76) W

M4A1 (76) W

M4A3 (76) W

M4A2 (76) W

M4A1 (76) W

M4A3 (76) W

USA

III Rank

Battle rating:

AB	RB	SB
5.3	5.3	5.3

Class:

Medium tank

Research:33 000

Purchase:105 000

Show in game

Description

The M4A2 (76) W Sherman is a Rank III American medium tank with a battle rating of 5.0. It was one of the first American tanks to be released with the American ground tree in Update 1.45 "Steel Generals". The tank is similar to the original M4A2 tank, except with the better 76 mm gun in the T23 turret.

The M4A2(76)W has an unusually high profile and thus it is difficult to drive around undetected. While playing this tank, you are an easy target for Jagdpanzers. However, if you are correctly camouflaged, it is possible to get the first shot off. Also, the sides and rear of this tank are very poorly armoured. Thus, the Sherman's fuel tanks and engine catch on fire very easily.

One redeeming fact of this model is that the ammo is in the center of the tank so it's harder to hit than in previous Sherman models (M4, M4A1, M4A2, and M4A3(105)), but the more powerful tanks like the Tiger H1 and Panther D can easily kill you even if you shoot first. In addition, they can easily penetrate your frontal armour at almost all ranges and in most cases, if they are using the correct ammo, the shells' shrapnel will kill all of your crew. Consequently, your best chance of survival is to fight near allied tanks which allows the 76mm gun to be effective. With two machine guns you can defend yourself and your team from enemy aircraft or clear forested areas where German tank destroyers could be.

General info

Survivability and armour

Armour type:

• Rolled homogeneous armour
• Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Transmission area)

Armour	Front (Slope angle)	Sides	Rear	Roof
Hull	63.5 mm (47°)	38.1 mm	38.1 mm	19.5 mm
Turret	88.9 mm	63.5 mm	63.5 mm	25.4 mm
Armour	Sides	Roof
Cupola	63.5 mm	25.4 mm

Notes:

• Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, the bogies are 10 mm thick, and the tracks are 20 mm thick.

Mobility

Mobility characteristic
Weight (tons)	Add-on Armor weight (tons)	Max speed (km/h)
33.0	N/A	51 (AB)
		46 (RB/SB)
Engine power (horsepower)
Mode	Stock	Upgraded
Arcade	635	782
Realistic/Simulator	363	410
Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
Mode	Stock	Upgraded
Arcade	19.24	23.70
Realistic/Simulator	11.00	12.42

Armaments

Main armament

76 mm M1
Capacity			Vertical guidance	Horizontal guidance	Stabilizer
71			-10°/+25°	±180°	Vertical
Turret rotation speed (°/s)
Mode	Stock	Upgraded	Prior + Full crew	Prior + Expert qualif.	Prior + Ace qualif.
Arcade	14.28	19.80	24.0	26.60	28.20
Realistic	14.28	16.80	20.4	22.60	24.00
Reloading rate (seconds)
Stock	Prior + Full crew	Prior + Expert qualif.	Prior + Ace qualif.
7.67	6.78	6.25	5.90

Ammunition

Penetration statistics
Ammunition	Type of warhead	Penetration in mm @ 90°
		10m	100m	500m	1000m	1500m	2000m
M62 Shell	APCBC	127	125	116	106	97	89
M42A1 Shell	HE	7	7	7	7	7	7
M79 Shot	AP	155	154	131	107	88	72

Shell details
Ammunition	Type of warhead	Velocity in m/s	Projectile Mass in kg	Fuse delay in m:	Fuse sensitivity in mm:	Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):	Normalization At 30° from horizontal:	Ricochet:
								0%	50%	100%
M62 Shell	APCBC	792	7	1.2	20	63.7	+4°	48°	63°	71°
M42A1 Shell	HE	800	5.8	0.1	0.5	390	0°	79°	80°	81°
M79 Shot	AP	792	6.8	N/A	N/A	N/A	-1°	47°	60°	65°

Smoke characteristic
Ammunition	Velocity in m/s	Projectile Mass in kg	Screen radius in m	Screen time in s	Screen hold time in s:	Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):
M88	274	3.4	13	5	20	50

Ammo racks

Full ammo	1st rack empty	2nd rack empty	3rd rack empty	4th rack empty	5th rack empty	Visual discrepancy
71	57 (+14)	43 (+28)	29 (+42)	15 (+56)	1 (+70)	Yes

Machine guns

12.7 mm M2HB
Pintle mount
Capacity (Belt capacity)				Fire rate (shots/minute)	Vertical guidance	Horizontal guidance
600 (200)				577	-10°/+30°	±60°

7.62 mm M1919A4
Coaxial mount
Capacity (Belt capacity)				Fire rate (shots/minute)	Vertical guidance	Horizontal guidance
3,000 (250)				500	N/A	N/A

Usage in the battles

Pros and cons

Pros:

• Higher top speed compared to the previous vehicle.
• Great rate of fire for the main gun.
• Angled frontal slope which may sometimes bounce larger calibers if angled correctly.
• A standard 5 crew members, which equates to 3 spare crew members to take over positions of the tank if necessary.
• A pintle-mounted heavy machine gun (12.7 mm), which can be used for anti-aircraft and against light armoured vehicles.
• Wet ammo storage - Which reduces greatly ammo rack chances, is indicated by the "W" in its name, this also means tightly packed ammo only placed under the turret.
• Fast turret traverse.

Cons:

• Is quite tall.
• Prone to tipping over when travelling across steep inclines.
• Sides and rear are thinly armoured.
• Engine compartment is poorly armoured.
• Susceptible to nearby artillery explosions.
• Narrow tracks mean poor ground flotation and cross country performance.
• Only reaches its top speed on paved surfaces.
• Lacks the add-on armor module found on the 76 mm M4A1 and M4A3

History

M4 Sherman

The start of World War II and the Battle of France had America find that their current armoured forces was completely inadequate to fight back a German armour assault. With only the M2 light tanks and the M2 medium tank available with their 37 mm cannons, the Americans greatly increased their efforts in tank development to bolster their defenses, but to satisfy demands from Great Britain for adequate tanks to rebuild their decimated armoured forces. The requirements set by the US Army called for a tank armed with a 75 mm gun. While a 75 mm gun was available for use, a turret mounting the gun on a tank was not. Thus, while the turret and tank design underwent development, the 75 mm would be mounted on the stopgap design - the M3 Lee tank - in a "sponson" mount. During the M3's development, the designs of the 75 mm armed vehicle were submitted by the Ordnance Department. In April 1941, the Armored Force Board chose the simplest of the designs, which was a redesigned M3 hull and chassis with a turret mounting the 75 mm gun designated the T6, completed in September 1941. This tank would then designated the M4 Sherman. The production for the Sherman began in October 1941 and would continue to be produced until the end of the war in 1945 with around than 50,000 units produced, making it the second most-produced tank in World War II before the T-34 tank. The Sherman first saw service in North Africa in the hands of the British, and the Shermans continued to see service throughout the North African campaign, Tunisian campaign, and the Italian campaign in the British and American armies. However, the 75 mm gun on the Sherman soon found itself seen as inadequate when the Germans began fielding their new generation of heavy tanks, the Tiger I and the Panther, which could defend itself against the 75 mm gun and take out the Sherman at a long range. A desire to up-gun the Sherman grew among Ordnance officers to fight incoming armour threats and started as far back as 1942.

Development

The desire for a hole puncher on the Sherman started in the Ordnance department, seen as an improvement to the Sherman's overall combat ability to fight future tank threats. It started with the adaption of the 3-inch anti-tank gun, the most powerful American anti-tank weapon at the time, into the M4 Sherman. The gun proved too heavy and too bulky for a straight adaption so a simpler and smaller gun model was created called the 76 mm M1, which could be practically fitted into the M4 Sherman turret. The 76 mm differed from the 3-inch in ammunition as well, using a different propellant case but the same shells. The first guns were trialed in a M4A1 Sherman, but while Ordnance approved the vehicle, Armored Board rejected it as it caused the turret interior to be too cramped for the crew and also the lack of need of such vehicle. This solution was fixed by taking the cancelled T23 project and adapting the turret into the Sherman, which was easy as the Sherman and the T23 used the same turret ring diameter. The larger turret allowed for a more practical mounting of the 76 mm gun and more room for the crew to move around in. This variant was approved and production was to start in early 1944 for the upcoming invasion of Europe in Operation Overlord to counter the German Tiger I and the Panther tanks.

Design

Aside from the enlarged T23 turret, the Sherman interior layout was largely unchanged from the original design. The driver and bow gunner still sat in the front, the three-man turret crew in the center, and the engine compartment in the back. Exterior design of the hull was also largely unchanged with the vertical volute suspension system (VVSS) and sloping front armour.

The M4A2(76)W Sherman model ran on a GM 6046 diesel engine. Being built off the original M4A2, the hull construction was welded, which proved simpler to produce than casting. Early M4A2 variants had the front armour plate placed on a 56 degree sloping angle, but this design had protrusions on the driver and assistant driver hatches that created "shot traps" as these protrusions gave less protection than the frontal armour plate. This was fixed on later models with a 47 degree angling instead, which eliminated the shot traps and made the frontal armour more effective than before. The M4A2(76)W variant, as indicated by the name, mounted the 76 mm gun instead of the usual 75 mm. The "W" designation on the Sherman indicated that the vehicle had the "wet stowage" feature in response to complaints that the Sherman can easily catch fire due to exploding ammunition. The "wet stowage" encased the ammo containers in a liquid mixture that would douse the flames when penetrated or block flaming shrapnels from penetrating shots from hitting the ammunition. The containers also placed all the ammunition in the bottom center of the tank, reducing the likeliness of it being hit by a shell as the penetrating shell must go through every armour and obstacle to hit the tank center. This feature was only present after February 1944 and severely decreased the rate of Sherman fires. Of the 49,234 Sherman produced in World War II, 2,915 M4A2(76)s were produced from April 1944 to May 1945.

Combat usage

Despite the stock of 76 mm Shermans now available for them, the commanders opted to not bring any during the invasion of France in June 1944. The issues were logistical, as having a 76 mm armament would mean supplying a different set of ammo to the tank forces. Another issue was that the 76 mm gun had a less lethal high-explosive round at hand, meaning combat against infantry or fixed emplacements would be slightly harder. This forced 75 mm armed Shermans to have to compete against the better armed and armoured Panthers and Tigers in the initial period of the invasion. The combat debut of the 76 mm Shermans as the M4A1 (76) was during Operation Cobra in July 1944, as a response to the growing German armour threat in Europe. The 2nd and 3rd Armored Divisions received 52 of these Shermans and the rest were distributed among the tank battalions in the infantry divisions. Deliveries of the M4(76) began coming into Europe from August 1944. The M4 (76) and M4 (75) Shermans served alongside each other, though the 75 mm Shermans were around in larger numbers and the opinions of the 76 mm cannon vary from a necessary addition to a burden. Nevertheless, the M4(76) began to be supplied among the tank battalions and armoured divisions to face the intense combat at the Siegfried Line. The 75 mm guns stayed as the primary armament of the armoured forces until the Battle of the Bulge, which had many American armour destroyed by the German onslaught of heavy German tanks such as their Panther and Tiger II's. The negative response from both troops and press had Allied commanders, even Eisenhower himself, request only 76 mm Sherman to be delivered instead of 75 mm in response. The new units arriving in Europe after the Battle of the Bulge were all equipped with 76-mm Shermans. Despite their appearance, 75 mm Shermans were still in stock in the armoured divisions and were still held in high regards for their better capacity to destroy soft targets with high-explosive shells.

After the war, the Shermans continued serving America and its allies as the M4A3E8 with a new suspension and 76 mm gun. The M26 Pershing that was introduced late in World War II was phased out for the Shermans due to its unreliability, and the Sherman stayed until the M46 Patton was introduced. After being phased out of American service, many other countries still used the Sherman as their main tank, mainly Israel where they up-gunned the tank with the much powerful post-war French 75 mm and 105 mm gun as the M-50 and M-51 respectively (nicknamed "Super Shermans"). These proved successful as they were able to fight against the Soviet-supplied T-54 tanks and T-34-85s in Middle East service, proving the Sherman as a successful and adaptable design for many years to come.

Media

Camouflages and skins for the M4A2(76) from live.warthunder.com

Read also

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• reference to the series of the vehicles;
• links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.

ETC.

Sources

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