Difference between revisions of "Mk.13-6 Case (2,216 lb)"

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== Description ==
 
== Description ==
−
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''
+
<!--''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''-->
 +
[[File:Torpedo_Mk.13_44_Sideview.png|700px|thumb|left|Side view of an '''{{PAGENAME}}''' torpedo.]]
  
 +
{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: 0px;"
 +
!colspan = "4"|Data for {{PAGENAME}} torpedo
 +
|-
 +
!colspan = "1"|
 +
!colspan = "1"| Metric
 +
!colspan = "1"| Imperial
 +
|-
 +
| Overall Length
 +
| 4 m
 +
| 161 in
 +
|-
 +
| Body Diameter
 +
| 570 mm
 +
| 22.5 in
 +
|-
 +
| Filling Weight
 +
| 272 kg
 +
| 600 lb
 +
|-
 +
| Total Weight
 +
| 1,005 kg
 +
| 2,216 lb
 +
|-
 +
! colspan = "3"|
 +
|-
 +
| Explosive Filling
 +
| colspan="2;" style="text-align:center;" | Torpex
 +
|-
 +
| Bomb Type
 +
| colspan="2;" style="text-align:center;" | High Explosive
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 +
The '''{{PAGENAME}}''' torpedo was a guinea pig of a torpedo having been the subject of testing and modification since 1925. Used early in World War II, this torpedo failed to operate properly approximately 70% of the time with problems of running cold (propeller mechanism failed to start), sinking, not running true (deviating path), improper depth, running on the surface or porposing (continuous jumping out of the water) due to improper water contact. Aircraft were required to fly extremely slow and low when dropping the torpedo as to not damage it on impact with the water and to provide the most stable drop possible, unfortunately, this put the torpedo bomber in a bad position of being an easy target for anti-aircraft guns mounted on enemy ships.
 +
 +
Extensive testing in 1942 determined that the low and slow approach to the Mk.13 launch was actually counterproductive as it caused the torpedo to “belly-flop” on the water resulting in damage sustained to its internal components. New modifications were tested which replaced fragile parts and components which were susceptible to damage upon impact with the water. A new study also implemented the addition of frangible “drag rings” and box-shaped tail stabilizers. These devices served to stabilize the torpedo during higher drops, lower the nose for the initial impact and reduce the depth at which the torpedo dove after impact. The wood drag rings and stabilizers were obliterated on impact with the water which absorbed some of the impact, protecting the torpedo. By 1944 the Mk.13 was essentially a brand new torpedo and was accepted as the best aircraft torpedo in the U.S. inventory at that time and was credited with the sinking of the Japanese battleship Yamato.
 +
 +
Later after World War II, there came a need for river patrol boats to be outfitted with torpedo launchers. The Mk.13 was the ideal torpedo to fulfil this need due to its short stature (compared to other torpedoes) and excelled in a shallow launch and run which afforded it to operate in shallow waters without hitting the bottom. Opportunities for sea use on smaller vessels were available in shallow areas where larger ships and torpedoes could not operate.
 +
{{Break}}
 
=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===
 
=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===
 
<!-- ''List out vehicles that are equipped with the weapon.'' -->
 
<!-- ''List out vehicles that are equipped with the weapon.'' -->
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<!--''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the torpedo.''-->
 
<!--''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the torpedo.''-->
  
−
* Max drop speed: 518 km/h
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{| class="wikitable" style="margin-rigt: auto; margin-right: 0px;"
−
* Max drop height: 250 m
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!colspan = "4"|General Data for {{PAGENAME}} torpedo
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* Mass: 2,216 lbs
+
|-
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* In water speed: 62 km/h
+
!colspan = "1"|
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* Travel distance: 5.72 km
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!colspan = "1"| Nautical
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* Run depth: 1 m
+
!colspan = "1"| Metric
−
* Arming distance: 50 m
+
!colspan = "1"| Imperial
 +
|-
 +
| Average Drop Altitude
 +
|
 +
| 0 - 250 m
 +
| 0 - 820 ft
 +
|-
 +
| Average Drop Speed
 +
| 0 - 2680 kts
 +
| 0 - 144 m/s
 +
| 0 - 322 mph
 +
|-
 +
| Speed in Water
 +
| 33.5 kts
 +
| 17.2 m/s
 +
| 38.5 mph
 +
|-
 +
| Run Depth
 +
| 0.54 fathom
 +
| 1 m
 +
| 3.2 ft
 +
|-
 +
| Max Distance
 +
| 3.0 nm
 +
| 5,720 m
 +
| 3.5 mi
 +
|-
 +
| Optimal Drop Angle
 +
| colspan="3;" style="text-align:center;" | 22° - 32°
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
;Frangible add-on parts for aerial drop:
 +
 
 +
* '''Drag ring''': Outfitted over the nose of the torpedo, this wooden device worked in combination to both slow the torpedo's descent and to also stabilize it, ensuring it impacted with the water at the proper angle. The drag ring would shed off of the torpedo upon impact with the water acting as a shock absorber, protecting the internal mechanics of the torpedo.
 +
 
 +
* '''Box stabilizer''': A plywood, box-shaped stabilizer has been built around the shroud ring of the torpedo and is held together with wooden pegs which sheer during impact with the water. The wooden stabilizer acts to guide the torpedo to drop in a smooth curve and help the drag ring in pointing the torpedo nose-first into the water.
  
 
=== Effective damage ===
 
=== Effective damage ===
−
''Describe the type of damage produced by this type of torpedo (high explosive, splash damage, etc)''
+
<!--''Describe the type of damage produced by this type of torpedo (high explosive, splash damage, etc)''-->
 +
The Mk.13 torpedo had a large high-explosive warhead compared to the Mk.VII which was frequently used at the time. The Mk.13 had a 600 lb (270 kg) Torpex (Torpedo Explosive) warhead compared the Mk.VII’s 466 lb (211 kg) warhead. Torpex was an explosive which was about 50% more powerful than TNT by mass alone as this mixture contained 40% TNT, 42%  RDX and 18% powdered aluminium. While not as fast nor had as long of range as other torpedoes, the Mk.13 was used effectively at night when stealthy operations from PT boats which took place requiring torpedoes to reach the target with the least amount of warning. Aerial operations took advantage of the slower torpedo by dropping it from a higher altitude, increasing its time in the air and getting it closer to the target before it entered the water.
  
 
=== Comparison with analogues ===
 
=== Comparison with analogues ===
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== Usage in battles ==
 
== Usage in battles ==
−
''Describe situations when you would utilise this torpedo in-game (vehicle, pillbox, base, etc)''
+
<!--''Describe situations when you would utilise this torpedo in-game (vehicle, pillbox, base, etc)''-->
 +
The upgraded Mk.13 torpedo can be utilised against any target which is in the water which can include ships, boats, tanks (at the water's edge), boat-planes or even structures. Due to the higher altitude in which it can be dropped from, the delivering bomber can make a safer approach, release and get-away avoiding ship-board anti-aircraft fire and fighters patrolling around ships.
  
 
=== Pros and cons ===
 
=== Pros and cons ===
 
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''
 
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''
  
−
;Pros:
+
'''Pros:'''
−
*
+
* Can be dropped from higher altitudes (800 - 2,000 ft)
 +
* Can be dropped at higher speeds (maximum 470 mph (756 kph))
 +
* Higher release increases glide distance, decreases time in the water to the target
 +
 
 +
'''Cons:'''
 +
* Aircraft typically only carry one or two at a time
 +
* Slow, given enough distance a ship can avoid the torpedo
  
−
;Cons:
 
−
*
 
  
 
== History ==
 
== History ==
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== Media ==
 
== Media ==
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''An excellent addition to the article would be a video guide, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''
+
<!--''An excellent addition to the article would be a video guide, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''-->
 +
{{Youtube-gallery|RvjAQduI1uU|Technical operations of U.S. Mk.13 Torpedoes [Historical]}}
  
 +
<div><ul>
 +
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Torpedo_Mk.13_44_Dropped_from_TBF-1C.png|thumb|none|425px|'''{{PAGENAME}}''' torpedo being dropped from a [[TBF-1C]].]] </li>
 +
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Torpedo_Mk.13_44_Successful_Drop.png|thumb|none|425px|Successful drop of a '''{{PAGENAME}}''' torpedo from a [[TBF-1C]] naval bomber.]] </li><!--
 +
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Image.jpg|thumb|none|250px|Words]] </li>
 +
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Image.jpg|thumb|none|250px|Words]] </li>-->
 +
</ul></div>
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
 
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
 
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
Line 57: Line 145:
  
 
== External links ==
 
== External links ==
−
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
+
<!--''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
  
 
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
 
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
 
* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
 
* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
−
* ''other literature.''
+
* ''other literature.''-->
 +
* NavWeaps Website [[http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WTUS_WWII.php World War II Torpedoes of the United States]]
 +
* Flight Journal Website [[https://www.flightjournal.com/iconic-firepower-the-outstandingly-bad-mark-13-torpedo/ Iconic Firepower: The Outstandingly Bad Mark 13 Torpedo]]
 +
* Ordnance Pamphlet No. 629(A) [[https://archive.hnsa.org/doc/torpedomk13/index.htm U.S. Navy Torpedoes Mark 13, B-1 & 2 July 1942]]
  
 
{{Torpedoes}}
 
{{Torpedoes}}
  
 
[[Category:Suspended armaments]]
 
[[Category:Suspended armaments]]

Revision as of 01:25, 23 August 2019

Description

Side view of an Mk.13-6 Case (2,216 lb) torpedo.
Data for Mk.13-6 Case (2,216 lb) torpedo
Metric Imperial
Overall Length 4 m 161 in
Body Diameter 570 mm 22.5 in
Filling Weight 272 kg 600 lb
Total Weight 1,005 kg 2,216 lb
Explosive Filling Torpex
Bomb Type High Explosive

The Mk.13-6 Case (2,216 lb) torpedo was a guinea pig of a torpedo having been the subject of testing and modification since 1925. Used early in World War II, this torpedo failed to operate properly approximately 70% of the time with problems of running cold (propeller mechanism failed to start), sinking, not running true (deviating path), improper depth, running on the surface or porposing (continuous jumping out of the water) due to improper water contact. Aircraft were required to fly extremely slow and low when dropping the torpedo as to not damage it on impact with the water and to provide the most stable drop possible, unfortunately, this put the torpedo bomber in a bad position of being an easy target for anti-aircraft guns mounted on enemy ships.

Extensive testing in 1942 determined that the low and slow approach to the Mk.13 launch was actually counterproductive as it caused the torpedo to “belly-flop” on the water resulting in damage sustained to its internal components. New modifications were tested which replaced fragile parts and components which were susceptible to damage upon impact with the water. A new study also implemented the addition of frangible “drag rings” and box-shaped tail stabilizers. These devices served to stabilize the torpedo during higher drops, lower the nose for the initial impact and reduce the depth at which the torpedo dove after impact. The wood drag rings and stabilizers were obliterated on impact with the water which absorbed some of the impact, protecting the torpedo. By 1944 the Mk.13 was essentially a brand new torpedo and was accepted as the best aircraft torpedo in the U.S. inventory at that time and was credited with the sinking of the Japanese battleship Yamato.

Later after World War II, there came a need for river patrol boats to be outfitted with torpedo launchers. The Mk.13 was the ideal torpedo to fulfil this need due to its short stature (compared to other torpedoes) and excelled in a shallow launch and run which afforded it to operate in shallow waters without hitting the bottom. Opportunities for sea use on smaller vessels were available in shallow areas where larger ships and torpedoes could not operate.

Vehicles equipped with this weapon

Vehicles equipped with this weapon
Fighters  F6F-5 · ▄F6F-5 · F6F-5N · ▄F6F-5N · ▄Hellcat Mk II
Attackers  A2D-1 · AD-2 · AD-4 · ▄AD-4 · AM-1
Bombers  ▄Avenger Mk II · B-34 · BTD-1 · PBY-5 Catalina · PBY-5A Catalina · ▄Catalina Mk IIIa · ▂PBY-5A Catalina
  PV-2D · SB2C-1C · SB2C-4 · ▄SB2C-5 · TBD-1 · TBF-1C

General info

General Data for Mk.13-6 Case (2,216 lb) torpedo
Nautical Metric Imperial
Average Drop Altitude 0 - 250 m 0 - 820 ft
Average Drop Speed 0 - 2680 kts 0 - 144 m/s 0 - 322 mph
Speed in Water 33.5 kts 17.2 m/s 38.5 mph
Run Depth 0.54 fathom 1 m 3.2 ft
Max Distance 3.0 nm 5,720 m 3.5 mi
Optimal Drop Angle 22° - 32°
Frangible add-on parts for aerial drop
  • Drag ring: Outfitted over the nose of the torpedo, this wooden device worked in combination to both slow the torpedo's descent and to also stabilize it, ensuring it impacted with the water at the proper angle. The drag ring would shed off of the torpedo upon impact with the water acting as a shock absorber, protecting the internal mechanics of the torpedo.
  • Box stabilizer: A plywood, box-shaped stabilizer has been built around the shroud ring of the torpedo and is held together with wooden pegs which sheer during impact with the water. The wooden stabilizer acts to guide the torpedo to drop in a smooth curve and help the drag ring in pointing the torpedo nose-first into the water.

Effective damage

The Mk.13 torpedo had a large high-explosive warhead compared to the Mk.VII which was frequently used at the time. The Mk.13 had a 600 lb (270 kg) Torpex (Torpedo Explosive) warhead compared the Mk.VII’s 466 lb (211 kg) warhead. Torpex was an explosive which was about 50% more powerful than TNT by mass alone as this mixture contained 40% TNT, 42% RDX and 18% powdered aluminium. While not as fast nor had as long of range as other torpedoes, the Mk.13 was used effectively at night when stealthy operations from PT boats which took place requiring torpedoes to reach the target with the least amount of warning. Aerial operations took advantage of the slower torpedo by dropping it from a higher altitude, increasing its time in the air and getting it closer to the target before it entered the water.

Comparison with analogues

Give a comparative description of torpedoes that have firepower equal to this weapon.

Usage in battles

The upgraded Mk.13 torpedo can be utilised against any target which is in the water which can include ships, boats, tanks (at the water's edge), boat-planes or even structures. Due to the higher altitude in which it can be dropped from, the delivering bomber can make a safer approach, release and get-away avoiding ship-board anti-aircraft fire and fighters patrolling around ships.

Pros and cons

Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.

Pros:

  • Can be dropped from higher altitudes (800 - 2,000 ft)
  • Can be dropped at higher speeds (maximum 470 mph (756 kph))
  • Higher release increases glide distance, decreases time in the water to the target

Cons:

  • Aircraft typically only carry one or two at a time
  • Slow, given enough distance a ship can avoid the torpedo


History

Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/ History" (example: https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History) and add a link to it here using the main template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <ref></ref>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <references />.

Media

Technical operations of U.S. Mk.13 Torpedoes [Historical]
  • Mk.13-6 Case (2,216 lb) torpedo being dropped from a TBF-1C.
  • Successful drop of a Mk.13-6 Case (2,216 lb) torpedo from a TBF-1C naval bomber.

See also

Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:

  • reference to the article about the variant of the weapon;
  • references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.

External links


Torpedoes
USA 
450 mm  Mk.7
533 mm  Bliss-Leavitt Mk.1 · Mark 35 · Mk.8 · Mk.8-3 C/D · Mk.15 · Mk.16
569 mm  Mk.13 · Mk.13-6† · Mk.13-6 Case†
Germany 
324 mm  Mark 44
450 mm  C/06D · LT 1A/1 · F5W† · F5b†
500 mm  G7 · G6c
533 mm  G7a · Seal DM2A1
600 mm  H/8
USSR 
400 mm  SET-40 · SET-72
450 mm  Pattern 1910 · Pattern 1912 · 45-36NU‡ · 45-36AN† · 45-36MAN†
533 mm  53-38 · 53-39 · 53-56 · 53-57 · 53-65 · SET-53M · SET-65
Britain 
450 mm  R.G.F. Mark VI** · Mark XII‡ · Mark XV‡
533 mm  Mark I · Mk.IV · Mk.V · Mk.VIII · Mk.IX · Mk.IX** · 21 inch Mk.20 Bidder
Japan 
324 mm  Mark 46
450 mm  Type 2 · Type 38 No.2 B · Type 43 · Type 44 No.2 · Type 91 Model 2† · Type 91 Model 3†
533 mm  Type 6 · Type 43 (1910) · Type 54 Model 3 · Type 72 Model 1 · Type 89
610 mm  Type 8 No.2 · Type 90 · Type 93 Model 1, Mod 2 · Type 93 Model 3
Italy 
450 mm  F200/450† · S.I.170/450X5,25 · W.200/450X5,75 · Whitehead A 110/450
533 mm  S.I.270 · S.I. 250/533,4X7,5 Tipo A · S.I. 270/533,4X7,2 Tipo I · S.I. 270/533X6.84 Tipo L · S.I. 270/533,4X7,2 Tipo M
France 
400 mm  1926DA†
450 mm  1909R
550 mm  L3 · Model 1919V · Model 1923DT
Sweden 
450 mm  m/38† · m/41†
  † = Aerial torpedo
‡ = Aerial and ship-launched torpedo

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