Mörkö-Morane

Mörkö-Morane

360://https://wiki.warthunder.com/images/2/22/Cockpit_morko_morane.jpg

Mörkö-Morane

Sweden

II Rank

Battle rating:

AB	RB	SB
2.3	2.3	1.7

Class:

PREMIUM

Fighter

Purchase:700

Show in game

Description

The Mörkö-Morane was a Finnish modification of the French Morane-Saulnier M.S.406. 30 Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 fighters were delivered by France in February 1940 and these fighters saw little to no combat during the Winter War. Germany later delivered more M.S.406 and M.S.410 fighters captured from the French. The Mörkö-Morane was the result of a series of modifications applied to all 41 M.S.406 in service, with captured Soviet Klimov VK-105P 12-cylinder engines and more available armament. The result was a much more improved M.S.406, however, deliveries were slow and the first example arrived in 1944. The aircraft still performed decently during the Continuation War, thanks in part to superior tactics used by the Finnish pilots.

Introduced in Update 1.97 "Viking Fury", this aircraft is a Finnish modification of the French Morane-Saulnier M.S.406, as shown by the camouflage and markings. The main differences between the original M.S.406 and the Mörkö-Morane are the engine and nose-mounted weapon. The M.S.406C1, which is featured in the game, has a Hispano-Suiza 12Y-31 12-cylinder inline engine and a 20 mm Hispano 404 cannon with 60 rounds of ammunition. In contrast, the Finnish Mörkö-Morane has a Soviet Klimov VK-105P 12-cylinder inline engine and a choice between either a 12.7 mm Berezin UB heavy machine gun with 230 rounds of ammunition, or a 20 mm MG 151 cannon with 120 rounds and access to the notorious "minengeschoβ" rounds. Other airframe improvements include a more aerodynamic engine cowling (the nose is rounded instead of being squared-off like many French aircraft) and a Bf 109-style oil cooler. The new engine provides the Mörkö-Morane with over 300 more hp than the M.S.406C1, making it an excellent energy fighter. While the armament is rather light, it's adequate for the battle rating. Fans of Finnish aviation and those looking for a low-tier Swedish premium will greatly enjoy this Franken-aircraft.

General info

Flight performance

Max speed

at 5 000 m525 km/h

Turn time18 s

Max altitude12 000 m

EngineKlimov VK-105P

TypeInline

Cooling systemWater

Take-off weight3 t

The Mörkö-Morane has significantly better performance than the original M.S.406, which was historically considered a substandard aircraft. The main improvements result from the new engine. The VK-105P scavenged from crashed Soviet LaGG-3s is not particularly powerful, but it's a huge improvement over the underpowered HS 12Y. When mounted in such a small and light aircraft, the result is like the Yak-3: nice handling and excellent power-to-weight. Amusingly, the VK-105 was heavily based the HS 12Y, which likely made the conversion easier. In a roundabout way, the Soviets fixed a French fighter!

The 527 km/h top speed is comparable to the Hurricane Mk I/L. This is much faster than all biplanes and most early monoplanes, so the Mörkö-Morane will rarely have issues outrunning its opponents. The acceleration and climb rate are incredible at low altitudes. The turning capability is on par with the Yak-1, which means that it can keep up with most enemy fighters in dogfights if uptiered, but low-rank aircraft will often outturn it. If played as an energy fighter, almost no contemporaries can match the Mörkö-Morane.

However, the original M.S.406 airframe was not designed to handle the kind of speeds that the Mörkö-Morane regularly reaches. The turning and roll performance will begin to compress early on, and during extended dives the handling can get quite brick-like. The actual wing rip speed of 756 km/h IAS is high for its rank and will not be a problem, but be sure to manage the airspeed for optimal shooting and manoeuvring.

It should also be noted that the Soviet engine is tuned for low altitude performance. Stay under 3,000 m for optimal speed, climb, and acceleration. Though most early fighters perform poorly at high altitudes anyway, being caught by a MiG-3 at 5,000 m might not end well.

Characteristics	Max Speed (km/h at 5,000 m)		Max altitude (metres)	Turn time (seconds)		Rate of climb (metres/second)		Take-off run (metres)
	AB	RB		AB	RB	AB	RB
Stock	502	489	12000	18.8	19.6	13.1	13.1	300
Upgraded	553	525		17.4	18.0	21.1	16.6

Details

Features
Combat flaps	Take-off flaps	Landing flaps	Air brakes	Arrestor gear
X	X	✓	X	X

Limits
Wings (km/h)	Gear (km/h)	Flaps (km/h)			Max Static G
		Combat	Take-off	Landing	+	-
756	320	N/A	N/A	270	~13	~9

Optimal velocities (km/h)
Ailerons	Rudder	Elevators	Radiator
< 310	< 320	< 400	> 323

Survivability and armour

Crew1 person

Speed of destruction

Structural756 km/h

Gear320 km/h

The Mörkö-Morane has no armour protection (armour plates or armoured glass) for the pilot nor the critical components of the aircraft, this is a recurring theme at its BR and on different variations of Morane-Saulnier-designed aircraft. But thanks to the shape and size of the sturdy fuselage the pilot dies rarely from direct hits. Catastrophic fuel tank fires are also semi-rare due to the good positioning of the fuel tank (between the pilot and the engine). Though if the Mörkö-Morane does catch fire it usually breaks the engine or kills the pilot rather quickly.

The Russian Klimov VK-105P inline engine can take a surprisingly large amount of punishment, from the enemies and the pilot as well. It has quite a long WEP time which is limited by oxygen deprivation at higher altitudes, meaning that the WEP cannot be used after a certain altitude. The engine and its cooling systems can usually keep going long enough to get the plane and pilot back to the airfield on most maps after being hit, provided the engine doesn't catch fire.

Modifications and economy

Repair cost

AB827

RB2 016

SB451

Crew training2 300

Experts15 000

Aces125

Research Aces320 000

Reward for battleAB / RB / SB

2 × 40 / 100 / 150 %

2 × 112 / 112 / 112 %

Modifications

Flight performance	Survivability	Weaponry
Fuselage repair Radiator Airframe Compressor Wings repair Engine Cover Engine injection	EFS	7_5mm_belt_pack MG.151/20 cannon ub_belt_pack mg15120_belt_pack mac39_new_gun mg15120_new_gun ub_new_gun

Armaments

Offensive armament

Weapon 112.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun

Ammunition230 rounds

Fire rate1 026 shots/min

Weapon 22 x 7.5 mm MAC 1934 machine gun

Ammunition600 rounds

Fire rate1 350 shots/min

The Mörkö-Morane is armed with:

• A choice between two presets:
  • 1 x 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun, nose-mounted (230 rpg) + 2 x 7.5 mm MAC 1934 machine guns, wing-mounted (300 rpg = 600 total)
  • 1 x 20 mm MG 151 cannon, nose-mounted (120 rpg) + 2 x 7.5 mm MAC 1934 machine guns, wing-mounted (300 rpg = 600 total)

The single 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun firing through the propeller hub is the Mörkö-Morane's primary weapon when stock. While it does not have much burst mass by itself, it works fine against the fragile fighters commonly seen at its rank. The Air targets belt will easily set opponents ablaze and is the best choice overall. The Ground targets belt has powerful cermet-core rounds and might be useful against lightly-armoured vehicles. 230 rounds is a decent supply but still try to conserve your ammunition. When attacking larger aircraft, try to aim for fuel tanks, cockpits, and engines for quick and efficient kills.

A 20 mm MG 151 cannon can be equipped instead of the 12.7 mm MG. The cannon can be loaded with Minengeschoß rounds that are devastating to enemy airframes.

The twin 7.5 mm MAC 1934 machine guns are decent as far as rifle-calibre MGs go, but they play second fiddle to the Berezin UB. They have a high rate of fire and shoot relatively small bullets that tend to spark upon glancing hits. The wing mounting makes convergence an issue and the ammo supply is rather low. Use them at close range and try the Universal or Tracers belts to set your enemies on fire.

Usage in battles

The Mörkö-Morane is an excellent fighter in Air Realistic battles, where its flight characteristics and weaponry make it very capable against both biplanes and monoplane fighters. Firstly, the Mörkö-Morane possesses a very good rate of climb. It is able to outclimb every biplane and practically every monoplane plane that it might face; the only exceptions are bombers that receive an air-spawn (such as the Ju 87) and early Bf 109s. Against every other plane, the Mörkö-Morane can have a great altitude advantage and choose exactly when it wants to engage. On that topic, deciding when to attack is a vital skill when flying this plane. Often, attacking bombers isn't worth it, since they can easily do more damage to you than you can do to them. As for fighters, it will very often be the case that if you leave the area for a minute or so, enemy fighters at or above your altitude will dive on your allies lower down. Then, you will have the altitude advantage and a more favourable position.

When the Mörkö Morane pilot does decide to dive on an enemy, they must do so carefully. The plane accelerates very quickly in a dive; so much that it rapidly loses control authority, especially in the roll axis. Not only does this made it very hard to get guns on target but it also increases the risk of not being able to pull up in time. To avoid this, it is often helpful to cut the throttle during dives and make gradual spirals downwards rather than a straight-down dive.

After the initial dive, it is very important to not engage in an extended turnfight. Against some opponents, this may work in your favour (this vehicle actually has an average turning rate), but most planes are able to outturn the Mörkö Morane in an extended battle. Biplanes especially are incredibly manoeuvrable, and no monoplane should ever attempt to turn with them in a dogfight. Instead, use the speed gained from diving to zoom climb back to altitude; there is no need to throw away the Mörkö-Morane's energy advantage by dogfighting. Instead, continue to boom and zoom the enemy until they are destroyed.

The Mörkö Morane has decent armament, but in high-speed passes there is sometimes not enough time on target for the guns to do their work. So, multiple boom and zoom attempts may be necessary, especially when attacking sturdier monoplanes. Biplanes will usually be destroyed quickly. This vehicle's guns can be used to effectively destroy unarmoured ground targets in Air Realistic battles. The 12.7 mm machine gun, which is by a considerable margin the most powerful gun on this plane, has less ammunition than the 7.5 mm guns. Trigger discipline is necessary if the pilot wants their ammunition load to last the round. If running low on 12.7 mm ammunition, it can be advisable to fire the 7.5 mm guns independently of it so that the more potent ammunition is preserved.

If the pilot finds that there is an enemy fighter on their tail, the best thing to do is to fly in a straight line. Unless the enemy is diving with a massive energy advantage, the Mörkö Morane will be able to pull away thanks to its amazing top speed. Then, the pilot can choose to re-engage the enemy on their own terms.

Manual Engine Control

MEC elements
Mixer	Pitch	Radiator			Supercharger	Turbocharger
		Oil	Water	Type
Controllable	Controllable Not auto controlled	Controllable Auto control available	Controllable Auto control available	Separate	Controllable 2 gears	Not controllable

Note: you can't use WEP while using supercharger gear 2

Pros and cons

Pros:

• Very good top speed
• Great rate of climb
• Effective weaponry for its BR
• Good survivability
• Long WEP time at low to medium altitudes
• A 20 mm MG 151 cannon can be installed, along with powerful Minengeschoß rounds

Cons:

• Low ammo count
• No armour protection for pilot or critical components
• Rarely survives catching fire
• Control surfaces (especially ailerons) compress in dives
• WEP cannot be used at high altitudes

History

The Soviet invasion of Finland in late 1939 marked the beginning of the Winter War. The Finnish Air Force was under-equipped, only having Bristol Blenheim bombers, Fokker D.XXI monoplanes, and Bristol Bulldog biplanes. New aircraft were needed to better resist the Soviet Air Force, which was much larger in number though largely equipped with older Polikarpov I-15 and I-16 fighters. Finnish units ended up performing excellently with these older aircraft owing to their better tactics, but the Finnish government continued to obtain whatever fighters were available from a wide variety of sources.

30 Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 fighters were delivered by France in February 1940. They likely saw little combat since the Winter War ended a month later. Germany's attack on the Soviet Union restarted combat between Finland and the Soviet Union, and at the start of the Continuation War in June 1941, the Finnish Air Force had a more modern and formidable selection of fighters. Germany delivered additional M.S.406 and M.S.410 fighters from captured French stocks to Finland over the next few years. At this point the M.S.406, already an unimpressive design, was in need of upgrades to better compete with modern Soviet aircraft. Aircraft designer Aarne Lakomaa devised a series of improvements to the M.S.406 using captured Soviet engines, airframe modifications, and improved armament. The result was the Mörkö-Morane, which first flew in early 1943. The performance was far better than the M.S.406 and it was decided to apply this upgrade to all 41 Finnish examples of the French fighter.

However, the conversion process was slow and the first operational example was only delivered in mid 1944. The Continuation War ended shortly afterwards, at which point only 3 were produced. They managed to shoot down 3 Soviet aircraft when piloted by Lars Hattinen in their brief service. After negotiating a peace agreement with the Soviet Union, Finland declared war on Germany in September 1944, beginning the Lapland War. The Mörkö-Moranes were used for ground attack and reconnaissance. After the end of World War 2, the conversions were completed and the Mörkö-Moranes were used as advanced trainers until their retirement in 1952. They were scrapped and none are known to survive today.

There is some debate over the Mörkö-Morane's armament. It is agreed that the initial plan was to arm them with a German MG151/20 cannon firing through the propeller hub. Some sources claim that the Soviet Berezin UB heavy machine gun was mounted instead on several examples since Finland did not have many MG151s in stock. Others claim that multiple armaments were tested, Berezin UB included, but ultimately all operational Mörkö-Moranes were equipped with the MG151/20.

Media

Skins

• Skins and camouflages for the Mörkö-Morane from live.warthunder.com.

Videos

Energy BEAST from the NORTH! Mörkö-Morane!" - Jengar

Mörkö-Morane Review. A Finnish Monster - Joseph 2000

See also

Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:

• reference to the series of the aircraft;
• links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.

External links

• Official data sheet - more details about the performance

Finnish State Aircraft Factory (Valtion Lentokonetehdas)
Fighters	Mörkö-Morane* · VL Myrsky II · VL Pyörremyrsky
	▄Fokker D.XXI-3* · ▄Fokker D.XXI*
	* Licensed Production / Variants
See Also	Morane-Saulnier · Fokker