Difference between revisions of "AV-8B Plus (Italy)"
(→Suspended armament) |
(→History) (Tag: Visual edit) |
||
| Line 194: | Line 194: | ||
{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}} | {{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}} | ||
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}} | {{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}} | ||
| + | |||
* 1 x 25 mm GAU-12/U cannon (300 rpg) | * 1 x 25 mm GAU-12/U cannon (300 rpg) | ||
* 2 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles | * 2 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles | ||
| Line 220: | Line 221: | ||
'''Pros:''' | '''Pros:''' | ||
| + | |||
* | * | ||
'''Cons:''' | '''Cons:''' | ||
| + | |||
* | * | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --> | <!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --> | ||
| − | '' | + | The Italian's Harrier story begins on the first of Feburary 1989. Due to post war laws Italy had a very strict guideline they'd have to follow when it came down to its own military forces, these laws would however change shortly after Italy would join NATO. Of these many laws one would prohibit the Italian Navy to posses heavily armed aircraft. As such, a new law would be passed known as the <nowiki>''</nowiki>La Legge N.36 del 1 febbraio del 1989 <nowiki>''</nowiki> or <nowiki>''</nowiki>Ali alla Marina<nowiki>''</nowiki> (wings to the Navy) which allowed the Italian Navy to equip itself with armed jets to not only bolster its forces, but mainly to garantee the security of the Italian Navy and one of its flagships known as the Garibaldi. The Italian Navy was only looking for VTOL/STOL aircraft, so in turn it went for the Harrier, as it fit the role perfectly. Italy was always interested in the harrier and had even designed a few VTOL/STOL designs of its own, one of the Harrier prototypes was also tested in Italy which likely further pushed the Italian Navy's interest in the platform. This aircraft has been seen being used in multiple countries. Users of the Harrier II include Spain, America and the UK under several different variants. BAE systems had aquired the right to further develop and build the AV-8A that the Americans were already using, so in turn Bae systems had improved it so much such as giving it a better engine. Along other upgrades and changes BAE systems had pratically made a new machine which now went under the name of the AV-8B, and also went by the name of <nowiki>''</nowiki>Harrier II<nowiki>''</nowiki>. It had acess to the latest logistical equipment, and was able to partake in day/night operations. |
| + | |||
| + | Due to this, it was the perfect vehicle for the Italian Navy. In september of 1990, Italy decided to join in the <nowiki>''</nowiki>Plus<nowiki>''</nowiki> program, which aimed to Radarize the Harriers, in which Spain and the US also joined in. Italy had bought 18 of the AV-8B, and 2 of the TAV-8B Harrier II's for training. The Italian government also struck a deal with the United States which allowed Italian Navy pilots to directly train with the Harrier and familiarize themselves with the platform inside the US even before they were delivered to Italy. In feb of 1994, the first Harrier was delivered to the Italian Navy, and by November of that same year, 3 Harriers would call the Garibaldi their new home. Part of the aquisition also allowed Italy to modify their own Harriers, (Which Alenia would be in charge of). The weapon of choice for the Italian Harriers in terms of Air-to-Air combat would be the Hughes AIM-120B AMRAAM and the AIM-9L, which at the time were very modern missiles. Italy would also use upgraded variants of those 2 missiles as the years went on by. Besides air combat, Italian Navy Harriers were surpisingly well armed in their air-to-ground configuration, not even the Italian airforce AMX was as heavily armed as the Harrier was during its service. In terms of armament its main cannon comprised of a GAU-12A 25mm, something which was already in use with other aircraft of the era. Stand-off capability also included a wide range of laser guided bombs such as the Paveway series, for anti-tank they had access to the AGM-65 Maverick is 2 different variants. Other optional equipment included unguided rockets and bombs, flare and chaff counter measures, RWR and ECM. In terms of service, the Italian Harriers participated in operation <nowiki>''</nowiki>United Shield ' inside of Somalia, which performed multiple recon missions for the American Marines and the Italian <nowiki>''</nowiki>San Marco<nowiki>''</nowiki> regiment. It participated in <nowiki>''</nowiki>Operazione alba neo<nowiki>''</nowiki> inside of Albania, and had to scramble and intercept multiple jets daily, it participated in Enduring freedom where it racked more than 800 flight hours in combat missions. It also took part in Allied Force in Kosovo, Operazione Leonte in Lebanon where it was mainly used for monotoring airspace. One of the times it was used as a ground strike aircraft would be inside of Libya during operation Unified Protector, and managed to rack up to 1040 flight hours. Overall Italian Harriers proved to be a more than useful platform for the Italian Navy, they are soon to be phased out as the Italian Navy begins to put into service their new F-35's. | ||
== Media == | == Media == | ||
| Line 238: | Line 243: | ||
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --> | * ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --> | ||
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:'' | ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:'' | ||
| + | |||
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;'' | * ''reference to the series of the aircraft;'' | ||
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' | * ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' | ||
| Line 246: | Line 252: | ||
* ''other literature.'' --> | * ''other literature.'' --> | ||
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:'' | ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:'' | ||
| + | |||
* ''topic on the official game forum;'' | * ''topic on the official game forum;'' | ||
* ''other literature.'' | * ''other literature.'' | ||
Revision as of 10:11, 6 October 2023
.jpg)
Contents
Description
The ▄AV-8B Plus Harrier is a rank VIII Italian strike aircraft with a battle rating of 13.0 (AB/RB/SB). It was introduced in Update "Sons of Attila".
General info
Flight performance
Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.
| Characteristics | Max speed (km/h at _,___ m) |
Max altitude (metres) |
Turn time (seconds) |
Rate of climb (metres/second) |
Take-off run (metres) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AB | RB | AB | RB | AB | RB | |||
| Stock | ___ | ___ | 12192 | __._ | __._ | __._ | __._ | ___ |
| Upgraded | ___ | ___ | __._ | __._ | __._ | __._ | ||
Details
| Features | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combat flaps | Take-off flaps | Landing flaps | Air brakes | Arrestor gear | Drogue chute |
| _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
| Limits | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wings (km/h) | Gear (km/h) | Flaps (km/h) | Max Static G | |||
| Combat | Take-off | Landing | + | - | ||
| 0 | 648 | ___ | ___ | ___ | ~__ | ~__ |
| Optimal velocities (km/h) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Ailerons | Rudder | Elevators | Radiator |
| < ___ | < ___ | < ___ | - |
Engine performance
| Engine | Aircraft mass | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Engine name | Number | Basic mass | Wing loading (full fuel) | |||
| _____ | _ | _,___ kg | ___ kg/m2 | |||
| Engine characteristics | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) | Max Gross Weight | ||||
| Weight (each) | Type | _m fuel | __m fuel | __m fuel | ||
| ___ kg | ___ | _,___ kg | _,___ kg | _,___ kg | _,___ kg | |
| Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB) | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (___%/WEP) | |||||
| Condition | 100% | ___%/WEP | _m fuel | __m fuel | __m fuel | MGW |
| Stationary | ___ kgf | ___ kgf | _.__ | _.__ | _.__ | _.__ |
| Optimal | ___ kgf (_ km/h) |
___ kgf (_ km/h) |
_.__ | _.__ | _.__ | _.__ |
Survivability and armour
Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.
Modifications and economy
| Flight performance | Survivability | Weaponry | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
Armaments
| Ballistic Computer | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CCIP (Guns) | CCIP (Rockets) | CCIP (Bombs) | CCRP (Bombs) | Lead indicator |
 |
|
|
|
|
Offensive armament
The AV-8B Plus (Italy) is armed with:
- 180 x countermeasures
Suspended armament
The AV-8B Plus (Italy) can be outfitted with the following ordnance:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | .png) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25 mm GAU-12/U cannons (300 rpg) | 1 | ||||||||
| 250 lb LDGP Mk 81 bombs | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | ||
| 250 lb Mk 81 Snakeye bombs | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | ||
| 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | ||
| 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | ||
| 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | |||||
| 277 kg GBU-12 Paveway II bombs | 2* | 3* | 3* | 2* | |||||
| 1,092 lb GBU-16 Paveway II bombs | 1* | 1* | 1* | 1* | |||||
| Mk 77 mod 4 incendiary bombs | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | |||
| FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets | 38 | 57 | 57 | 38 | |||||
| Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets | 8 | 12 | 12 | 8 | |||||
| AGM-65D missiles | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| AIM-9M Sidewinder missiles | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| LITENING II targeting pod | 1* | ||||||||
| Maximum permissible loadout weight: 4,200 kg Maximum permissible wing load: 1,900 kg Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 1,400 kg | |||||||||
| * The LITENING II pod must be equipped when carrying guided bombs | |||||||||
| Default weapon presets | |
|---|---|
| |
Usage in battles
Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).
Pros and cons
Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".
Pros:
Cons:
History
The Italian's Harrier story begins on the first of Feburary 1989. Due to post war laws Italy had a very strict guideline they'd have to follow when it came down to its own military forces, these laws would however change shortly after Italy would join NATO. Of these many laws one would prohibit the Italian Navy to posses heavily armed aircraft. As such, a new law would be passed known as the ''La Legge N.36 del 1 febbraio del 1989 '' or ''Ali alla Marina'' (wings to the Navy) which allowed the Italian Navy to equip itself with armed jets to not only bolster its forces, but mainly to garantee the security of the Italian Navy and one of its flagships known as the Garibaldi. The Italian Navy was only looking for VTOL/STOL aircraft, so in turn it went for the Harrier, as it fit the role perfectly. Italy was always interested in the harrier and had even designed a few VTOL/STOL designs of its own, one of the Harrier prototypes was also tested in Italy which likely further pushed the Italian Navy's interest in the platform. This aircraft has been seen being used in multiple countries. Users of the Harrier II include Spain, America and the UK under several different variants. BAE systems had aquired the right to further develop and build the AV-8A that the Americans were already using, so in turn Bae systems had improved it so much such as giving it a better engine. Along other upgrades and changes BAE systems had pratically made a new machine which now went under the name of the AV-8B, and also went by the name of ''Harrier II''. It had acess to the latest logistical equipment, and was able to partake in day/night operations.
Due to this, it was the perfect vehicle for the Italian Navy. In september of 1990, Italy decided to join in the ''Plus'' program, which aimed to Radarize the Harriers, in which Spain and the US also joined in. Italy had bought 18 of the AV-8B, and 2 of the TAV-8B Harrier II's for training. The Italian government also struck a deal with the United States which allowed Italian Navy pilots to directly train with the Harrier and familiarize themselves with the platform inside the US even before they were delivered to Italy. In feb of 1994, the first Harrier was delivered to the Italian Navy, and by November of that same year, 3 Harriers would call the Garibaldi their new home. Part of the aquisition also allowed Italy to modify their own Harriers, (Which Alenia would be in charge of). The weapon of choice for the Italian Harriers in terms of Air-to-Air combat would be the Hughes AIM-120B AMRAAM and the AIM-9L, which at the time were very modern missiles. Italy would also use upgraded variants of those 2 missiles as the years went on by. Besides air combat, Italian Navy Harriers were surpisingly well armed in their air-to-ground configuration, not even the Italian airforce AMX was as heavily armed as the Harrier was during its service. In terms of armament its main cannon comprised of a GAU-12A 25mm, something which was already in use with other aircraft of the era. Stand-off capability also included a wide range of laser guided bombs such as the Paveway series, for anti-tank they had access to the AGM-65 Maverick is 2 different variants. Other optional equipment included unguided rockets and bombs, flare and chaff counter measures, RWR and ECM. In terms of service, the Italian Harriers participated in operation ''United Shield ' inside of Somalia, which performed multiple recon missions for the American Marines and the Italian ''San Marco'' regiment. It participated in ''Operazione alba neo'' inside of Albania, and had to scramble and intercept multiple jets daily, it participated in Enduring freedom where it racked more than 800 flight hours in combat missions. It also took part in Allied Force in Kosovo, Operazione Leonte in Lebanon where it was mainly used for monotoring airspace. One of the times it was used as a ground strike aircraft would be inside of Libya during operation Unified Protector, and managed to rack up to 1040 flight hours. Overall Italian Harriers proved to be a more than useful platform for the Italian Navy, they are soon to be phased out as the Italian Navy begins to put into service their new F-35's.
Media
Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.
See also
Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:
- reference to the series of the aircraft;
- links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.
External links
Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:
- topic on the official game forum;
- other literature.
| McDonnell Aircraft Corporation | |
|---|---|
| Jet Fighters | F2H-2 · F3H-2 |
| F-4C Phantom II · F-4E Phantom II · F-4J Phantom II · F-4S Phantom II | |
| F-15A · F-15C MSIP II · F-15E | |
| Strike Aircraft | AV-8B Plus · AV-8B (NA) |
| Helicopters | AH-6M |
| Export/Licensed | |
| Aircraft | ◄F-4F Early · ◄F-4F · ◄F-4F KWS LV · Phantom FG.1 · Phantom FGR.2 · F-4J(UK) Phantom II · F-4EJ Phantom II · F-4EJ ADTW · Kurnass · Kurnass 2000 |
| F-15J · F-15J(M) · Baz · Baz Meshupar · F-15I Ra’am | |
| ▄AV-8B Plus | |
| Helicopters | Lahatut |
| The McDonnell Aircraft Corporation merged with Douglas Aircraft Company in 1967 to form McDonnell Douglas Corporation. Later it was merged with The Boeing Company in 1997. | |
| See Also | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries |
| Italy jet aircraft | |
|---|---|
| Aerfer | Sagittario 2 · Ariete |
| Fiat | G.91 pre-serie · G.91 R/1 · G.91 R/4 (Portugal) · G.91 Y · G.91 YS |
| AMX International | AMX · AMX A-1A (Brazil) |
| Panavia | Tornado ADV · ▄Tornado IDS · ▄Tornado IDS (1995) |
| Foreign: | |
| Vampire | Vampire FB 52A |
| F-84 | ▄F-84F · ▄F-84G-21-RE |
| F-86 | CL-13 Mk.4 · ▄F-86K |
| F-104 | ▄F-104G · F-104S · ▄F-104S TAF (Turkey) · F-104S.ASA |
| F-16 | ▄F-16A ADF |
| AV-8 | ▄AV-8B Plus |
| Hungary | |
| Mikoyan-Gurevich | ◔MiG-15bis · ◔MiG-17PF · ◔MiG-21MF · ◔MiG-21bis-SAU · ◔MiG-23MF · ◔MiG-29 |
| Ilyushin | ◔IL-28 |
| Sukhoi | ◔Su-22M3 |
| Saab | ◔JAS39EBS HU C |
