Difference between revisions of "Mörkö-Morane"

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{{Specs-Card
 
{{Specs-Card
 
|code=morko_morane
 
|code=morko_morane
 +
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
 
|cockpit=cockpit_morko_morane.jpg
 
|cockpit=cockpit_morko_morane.jpg
 
}}
 
}}
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== Description ==
 
== Description ==
 
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' -->
 
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' -->
−
[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
+
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a Finnish modification of the French Morane-Saulnier M.S.406. 30 Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 fighters were delivered by France in February 1940 and these fighters saw little to no combat during the Winter War. Germany later delivered more M.S.406 and M.S.410 fighters captured from the French. The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was the result of a series of modifications applied to all 41 M.S.406 in service, with captured Soviet Klimov VK-105P 12-cylinder engines and more available armament. The result was a much more improved M.S.406, however, deliveries were slow and the first example arrived in 1944. The aircraft still performed decently during the Continuation War, thanks in part to superior tactics used by the Finnish pilots.  
−
{{Break}}
 
−
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]].  
 
  
−
This aircraft is a Finnish modification of the French Morane-Saulnier M.S.406, as shown by the camouflage and markings. The name roughly translates as "Bogeyman-Morane" or "Monster-Morane", reflecting its unusual construction.  The main differences between the original M.S.406 and the Mörkö-Morane are the engine and nose mounted weapon. The [[M.S.406C1]], which is featured in the game, has a Hispano-Suiza 12Y-31 12-cylinder inline engine and a 20 mm Hispano 404 cannon with 60 rounds of ammunition. In contrast, the Finnish Mörkö-Morane has a Soviet Klimov VK-105P 12-cylinder inline engine and a 12.7 mm Berezin UB heavy machine gun with 230 rounds of ammunition. Other airframe improvements include a more aerodynamic engine cowling (the nose is rounded instead of being squared-off like many French aircraft) and a [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109]]-style oil cooler.
+
Introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]], this aircraft is a Finnish modification of the French Morane-Saulnier M.S.406, as shown by the camouflage and markings.  The main differences between the original M.S.406 and the Mörkö-Morane are the engine and nose-mounted weapon. The [[M.S.406C1]], which is featured in the game, has a Hispano-Suiza 12Y-31 12-cylinder inline engine and a 20 mm Hispano 404 cannon with 60 rounds of ammunition. In contrast, the Finnish Mörkö-Morane has a Soviet Klimov VK-105P 12-cylinder inline engine and a choice between either a 12.7 mm Berezin UB heavy machine gun with 230 rounds of ammunition, or a 20 mm MG 151 cannon with 120 rounds and access to the notorious "minengeschoβ" rounds. Other airframe improvements include a more aerodynamic engine cowling (the nose is rounded instead of being squared-off like many French aircraft) and a [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109]]-style oil cooler. The new engine provides the Mörkö-Morane with over 300 more hp than the M.S.406C1, making it an excellent energy fighter. While the armament is rather light, it's adequate for the battle rating. Fans of Finnish aviation and those looking for a low-tier Swedish premium will greatly enjoy this Franken-aircraft.
−
 
 
−
The new engine provides the Mörkö-Morane with over 300 more hp than the M.S.406C1, making it an excellent energy fighter. While the armament is rather light, it's adequate for the battle rating. Fans of Finnish aviation and those looking for a low-tier Swedish premium will greatly enjoy this Franken-aircraft.
 
  
 
== General info ==
 
== General info ==
 
=== Flight performance ===
 
=== Flight performance ===
 +
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}
 
<!-- ''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.'' -->
 
<!-- ''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.'' -->
 
The {{Specs|name}} has significantly better performance than the original M.S.406, which was historically considered a substandard aircraft. The main improvements result from the new engine. The VK-105P scavenged from crashed Soviet [[LaGG-3 (Family)|LaGG-3s]] is not particularly powerful, but it's a huge improvement over the underpowered HS 12Y. When mounted in such a small and light aircraft, the result is like the [[Yak-3]]: nice handling and excellent power-to-weight. Amusingly, the VK-105 was heavily based the HS 12Y, which likely made the conversion easier. In a roundabout way, the Soviets fixed a French fighter!
 
The {{Specs|name}} has significantly better performance than the original M.S.406, which was historically considered a substandard aircraft. The main improvements result from the new engine. The VK-105P scavenged from crashed Soviet [[LaGG-3 (Family)|LaGG-3s]] is not particularly powerful, but it's a huge improvement over the underpowered HS 12Y. When mounted in such a small and light aircraft, the result is like the [[Yak-3]]: nice handling and excellent power-to-weight. Amusingly, the VK-105 was heavily based the HS 12Y, which likely made the conversion easier. In a roundabout way, the Soviets fixed a French fighter!
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The 527 km/h top speed is comparable to the [[Hurricane Mk I/L]]. This is much faster than all biplanes and most early monoplanes, so the {{Specs|name}} will rarely have issues outrunning its opponents. The acceleration and climb rate are incredible at low altitudes. The turning capability is on par with the [[Yak-1]], which means that it can keep up with most enemy fighters in dogfights if uptiered, but low-rank aircraft will often outturn it. If played as an energy fighter, almost no contemporaries can match the {{Specs|name}}.
 
The 527 km/h top speed is comparable to the [[Hurricane Mk I/L]]. This is much faster than all biplanes and most early monoplanes, so the {{Specs|name}} will rarely have issues outrunning its opponents. The acceleration and climb rate are incredible at low altitudes. The turning capability is on par with the [[Yak-1]], which means that it can keep up with most enemy fighters in dogfights if uptiered, but low-rank aircraft will often outturn it. If played as an energy fighter, almost no contemporaries can match the {{Specs|name}}.
  
−
However, the original M.S.406 airframe was not designed to handle the kind of speeds that the {{Specs|name}} regularly reaches. The turning and roll performance will begin to compress early on, and during extended dives the handling can get quite brick-like. The actual wing rip speed of 756 km/h IAS is high for its rank and will not be a problem, but be sure to manage the airspeed for optimal shooting and maneuvering.
+
However, the original M.S.406 airframe was not designed to handle the kind of speeds that the {{Specs|name}} regularly reaches. The turning and roll performance will begin to compress early on, and during extended dives the handling can get quite brick-like. The actual wing rip speed of 756 km/h IAS is high for its rank and will not be a problem, but be sure to manage the airspeed for optimal shooting and manoeuvring.
  
−
It should also be noted that the Soviet engine is tuned for low altitude performance. Stay under 3000 meters for optimal speed, climb, and acceleration. Though most early fighters perform poorly at high altitudes anyway, being caught by a [[MiG-3 (Family)|MiG-3]] at 5000 meters might not end well.
+
It should also be noted that the Soviet engine is tuned for low altitude performance. Stay under 3,000 m for optimal speed, climb, and acceleration. Though most early fighters perform poorly at high altitudes anyway, being caught by a [[MiG-3 (Family)|MiG-3]] at 5,000 m might not end well.
  
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
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! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
 
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 270 || ~12 || ~8
+
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 270 || ~13 || ~9
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
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=== Survivability and armour ===
 
=== Survivability and armour ===
 +
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}
 
<!-- ''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.'' -->
 
<!-- ''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.'' -->
−
The Mörkö-Morane has no armour protection (armour plates or armoured glass) for the pilot nor the critical components of the aircraft, this is a recurring theme at its BR and on different variations of Morane-Saulnier-designed aircraft. But thanks to the shape and size of the sturdy fuselage the pilot dies rarely from direct hits. Catastrophic fuel tank fires are also semi-rare due to the good positioning of the fuel tank (between the pilot and the engine). Though if the Mörkö does catch fire it usually breaks the engine or kills the pilot rather quickly.
+
The Mörkö-Morane has no armour protection (armour plates or armoured glass) for the pilot nor the critical components of the aircraft, this is a recurring theme at its BR and on different variations of Morane-Saulnier-designed aircraft. But thanks to the shape and size of the sturdy fuselage the pilot dies rarely from direct hits. Catastrophic fuel tank fires are also semi-rare due to the good positioning of the fuel tank (between the pilot and the engine). Though if the Mörkö-Morane does catch fire it usually breaks the engine or kills the pilot rather quickly.
  
 
The Russian Klimov VK-105P inline engine can take a surprisingly large amount of punishment, from the enemies and the pilot as well. It has quite a long WEP time which is limited by oxygen deprivation at higher altitudes, meaning that the WEP cannot be used after a certain altitude. The engine and its cooling systems can usually keep going long enough to get the plane and pilot back to the airfield on most maps after being hit, provided the engine doesn't catch fire.
 
The Russian Klimov VK-105P inline engine can take a surprisingly large amount of punishment, from the enemies and the pilot as well. It has quite a long WEP time which is limited by oxygen deprivation at higher altitudes, meaning that the WEP cannot be used after a certain altitude. The engine and its cooling systems can usually keep going long enough to get the plane and pilot back to the airfield on most maps after being hit, provided the engine doesn't catch fire.
 +
 +
=== Modifications and economy ===
 +
{{Specs-Economy}}
  
 
== Armaments ==
 
== Armaments ==
 +
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
 
=== Offensive armament ===
 
=== Offensive armament ===
 +
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}
 
<!-- ''Describe the offensive armament of the aircraft, if any. Describe how effective the cannons and machine guns are in a battle, and also what belts or drums are better to use. If there is no offensive weaponry, delete this subsection.'' -->
 
<!-- ''Describe the offensive armament of the aircraft, if any. Describe how effective the cannons and machine guns are in a battle, and also what belts or drums are better to use. If there is no offensive weaponry, delete this subsection.'' -->
−
{{main|Berezin UB (12.7 mm)|MAC 1934 (7.5 mm)}}
+
{{main|MG 151 (20 mm)|Berezin UB (12.7 mm)|MAC 1934 (7.5 mm)}}
  
 
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:
 
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:
  
−
* 1 x 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun, nose-mounted (230 rpg)
+
* A choice between two presets:
−
* 2 x 7.5 mm MAC 1934 machine guns, wing-mounted (300 rpg = 600 total)
+
** 1 x 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun, nose-mounted (230 rpg) + 2 x 7.5 mm MAC 1934 machine guns, wing-mounted (300 rpg = 600 total)
 +
** 1 x 20 mm MG 151 cannon, nose-mounted (120 rpg) + 2 x 7.5 mm MAC 1934 machine guns, wing-mounted (300 rpg = 600 total)
 +
 
 +
The single 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun firing through the propeller hub is the Mörkö-Morane's primary weapon when stock. While it does not have much burst mass by itself, it works fine against the fragile fighters commonly seen at its rank. The Air targets belt will easily set opponents ablaze and is the best choice overall. The Ground targets belt has powerful cermet-core rounds and might be useful against lightly-armoured vehicles. 230 rounds is a decent supply but still try to conserve your ammunition. When attacking larger aircraft, try to aim for fuel tanks, cockpits, and engines for quick and efficient kills.
  
−
The single Berezin UB firing through the propeller hub is the {{Specs|name}}'s primary weapon. While it does not have much burst mass by itself, it works fine against the fragile fighters commonly seen at its rank. The Air targets belt will easily set opponents ablaze and is the best choice overall. The Ground targets belt has powerful cermet-core rounds and might be useful against lightly armored vehicles. 230 rounds is a decent supply but still try to conserve your ammunition. When attacking larger aircraft, try to aim for fuel tanks, cockpits, and engines for quick and efficient kills.
+
A 20 mm MG 151 cannon can be equipped instead of the 12.7 mm MG. The cannon can be loaded with Minengeschoß rounds that are devastating to enemy airframes.
  
−
The twin MAC 1934s are decent as far as rifle-caliber MGs go, but they play second fiddle to the Berezin UB. They have a high rate of fire and shoot relatively small bullets that tend to spark upon glancing hits. The wing mounting makes convergence an issue and the ammo supply is rather low. Use them at close range and try the Universal or Tracers belts to set your enemies on fire.
+
The twin 7.5 mm MAC 1934 machine guns are decent as far as rifle-calibre MGs go, but they play second fiddle to the Berezin UB. They have a high rate of fire and shoot relatively small bullets that tend to spark upon glancing hits. The wing mounting makes convergence an issue and the ammo supply is rather low. Use them at close range and try the Universal or Tracers belts to set your enemies on fire.
  
 
== Usage in battles ==
 
== Usage in battles ==
 
<!-- Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB). -->
 
<!-- Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB). -->
−
The Mörkö Morane is an excellent fighter in Air Realistic battles, where its flight characteristics and weaponry make it very capable against both biplanes and monowing fighters. Firstly, the Mörkö Morane possesses a very good rate of climb. It is able to outclimb every biplane and practically every monowing plane that it might face; the only exceptions are bombers that receive an air-spawn (such as the [[Ju 87 (Family)|Ju 87]]) and early [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109s]]. Against every other plane, the Mörkö Morane can have a great altitude advantage and choose exactly when it wants to engage. On that topic, deciding when to attack is a vital skill when flying this plane. Often, attacking bombers isn't worth it, since they can easily do more damage to you than you can do to them. As for fighters, it will very often be the case that if you leave the area for a minute or so, enemy fighters at or above your altitude will dive on your allies lower down. Then, you will have the altitude advantage and a more favourable position.
+
The Mörkö-Morane is an excellent fighter in Air Realistic battles, where its flight characteristics and weaponry make it very capable against both biplanes and monoplane fighters. Firstly, the Mörkö-Morane possesses a very good rate of climb. It is able to outclimb every biplane and practically every monoplane plane that it might face; the only exceptions are bombers that receive an air-spawn (such as the [[Ju 87 (Family)|Ju 87]]) and early [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109s]]. Against every other plane, the Mörkö-Morane can have a great altitude advantage and choose exactly when it wants to engage. On that topic, deciding when to attack is a vital skill when flying this plane. Often, attacking bombers isn't worth it, since they can easily do more damage to you than you can do to them. As for fighters, it will very often be the case that if you leave the area for a minute or so, enemy fighters at or above your altitude will dive on your allies lower down. Then, you will have the altitude advantage and a more favourable position.
  
 
When the Mörkö Morane pilot does decide to dive on an enemy, they must do so carefully. The plane accelerates very quickly in a dive; so much that it rapidly loses control authority, especially in the roll axis. Not only does this made it very hard to get guns on target but it also increases the risk of not being able to pull up in time. To avoid this, it is often helpful to cut the throttle during dives and make gradual spirals downwards rather than a straight-down dive.
 
When the Mörkö Morane pilot does decide to dive on an enemy, they must do so carefully. The plane accelerates very quickly in a dive; so much that it rapidly loses control authority, especially in the roll axis. Not only does this made it very hard to get guns on target but it also increases the risk of not being able to pull up in time. To avoid this, it is often helpful to cut the throttle during dives and make gradual spirals downwards rather than a straight-down dive.
  
−
After the initial dive, it is very important to not engage in an extended turnfight. Against some opponents, this may work in your favour (this vehicle actually has an average turning rate), but most planes are able to outturn the Mörkö Morane in an extended battle. Biplanes especially are incredibly manoeuverable, and no monoplane should ever attempt to turn with them in a dogfight. Instead, use the speed gained from diving to zoom climb back to altitude; there is no need to throw away the Mörkö Morane's energy advantage by dogfighting. Instead, continue to boom and zoom the enemy until they are destroyed.
+
After the initial dive, it is very important to not engage in an extended turnfight. Against some opponents, this may work in your favour (this vehicle actually has an average turning rate), but most planes are able to outturn the Mörkö Morane in an extended battle. Biplanes especially are incredibly manoeuvrable, and no monoplane should ever attempt to turn with them in a dogfight. Instead, use the speed gained from diving to zoom climb back to altitude; there is no need to throw away the Mörkö-Morane's energy advantage by dogfighting. Instead, continue to boom and zoom the enemy until they are destroyed.
  
 
The Mörkö Morane has decent armament, but in high-speed passes there is sometimes not enough time on target for the guns to do their work. So, multiple boom and zoom attempts may be necessary, especially when attacking sturdier monoplanes. Biplanes will usually be destroyed quickly. This vehicle's guns can be used to effectively destroy unarmoured ground targets in Air Realistic battles. The 12.7 mm machine gun, which is by a considerable margin the most powerful gun on this plane, has less ammunition than the 7.5 mm guns. Trigger discipline is necessary if the pilot wants their ammunition load to last the round. If running low on 12.7 mm ammunition, it can be advisable to fire the 7.5 mm guns independently of it so that the more potent ammunition is preserved.
 
The Mörkö Morane has decent armament, but in high-speed passes there is sometimes not enough time on target for the guns to do their work. So, multiple boom and zoom attempts may be necessary, especially when attacking sturdier monoplanes. Biplanes will usually be destroyed quickly. This vehicle's guns can be used to effectively destroy unarmoured ground targets in Air Realistic battles. The 12.7 mm machine gun, which is by a considerable margin the most powerful gun on this plane, has less ammunition than the 7.5 mm guns. Trigger discipline is necessary if the pilot wants their ammunition load to last the round. If running low on 12.7 mm ammunition, it can be advisable to fire the 7.5 mm guns independently of it so that the more potent ammunition is preserved.
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|-
 
|-
 
| Controllable || Controllable<br>Not auto controlled || Controllable<br>Auto control available || Controllable<br>Auto control available || Separate || Controllable<br>2 gears || Not controllable
 
| Controllable || Controllable<br>Not auto controlled || Controllable<br>Auto control available || Controllable<br>Auto control available || Separate || Controllable<br>2 gears || Not controllable
−
|-
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
=== Modules ===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
! Tier
 
−
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
 
−
! Survivability
 
−
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
 
−
|-
 
−
| I
 
−
| Fuselage repair
 
−
| Radiator
 
−
|
 
−
| Offensive 7 mm
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
| II
 
−
|
 
−
| Compressor
 
−
| Airframe
 
−
|
 
−
| Offensive 12 mm
 
−
|-
 
−
| III
 
−
| Wings repair
 
−
| Engine
 
−
|
 
−
| New 7 mm MGs
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
| IV
 
−
|
 
−
| Engine injection
 
−
| Cover
 
−
|
 
−
| New 12 mm MGs
 
−
|-
 
−
! colspan="6" | This is a premium vehicle: all modifications are unlocked on purchase
 
−
|-
 
 
|}
 
|}
 +
Note: you can't use WEP while using supercharger gear 2
  
 
=== Pros and cons ===
 
=== Pros and cons ===
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* Effective weaponry for its BR
 
* Effective weaponry for its BR
 
* Good survivability
 
* Good survivability
 +
* Long WEP time at low to medium altitudes
 +
* A 20 mm MG 151 cannon can be installed, along with powerful Minengeschoß rounds
  
 
'''Cons:'''
 
'''Cons:'''
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* Rarely survives catching fire
 
* Rarely survives catching fire
 
* Control surfaces (especially ailerons) compress in dives
 
* Control surfaces (especially ailerons) compress in dives
 +
* WEP cannot be used at high altitudes
  
 
== History ==
 
== History ==
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30 Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 fighters were delivered by France in February 1940. They likely saw little combat since the Winter War ended a month later. Germany's attack on the Soviet Union restarted combat between Finland and the Soviet Union, and at the start of the Continuation War in June 1941, the Finnish Air Force had a more modern and formidable selection of fighters. Germany delivered additional M.S.406 and M.S.410 fighters from captured French stocks to Finland over the next few years. At this point the M.S.406, already an unimpressive design, was in need of upgrades to better compete with modern Soviet aircraft. Aircraft designer Aarne Lakomaa devised a series of improvements to the M.S.406 using captured Soviet engines, airframe modifications, and improved armament. The result was the '''{{Specs|name}}''', which first flew in early 1943. The performance was far better than the M.S.406 and it was decided to apply this upgrade to all 41 Finnish examples of the French fighter.
 
30 Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 fighters were delivered by France in February 1940. They likely saw little combat since the Winter War ended a month later. Germany's attack on the Soviet Union restarted combat between Finland and the Soviet Union, and at the start of the Continuation War in June 1941, the Finnish Air Force had a more modern and formidable selection of fighters. Germany delivered additional M.S.406 and M.S.410 fighters from captured French stocks to Finland over the next few years. At this point the M.S.406, already an unimpressive design, was in need of upgrades to better compete with modern Soviet aircraft. Aircraft designer Aarne Lakomaa devised a series of improvements to the M.S.406 using captured Soviet engines, airframe modifications, and improved armament. The result was the '''{{Specs|name}}''', which first flew in early 1943. The performance was far better than the M.S.406 and it was decided to apply this upgrade to all 41 Finnish examples of the French fighter.
  
−
However, the conversion process was slow and the first operational example was only delivered in mid 1944. The Continuation War ended shortly afterwards, at which point only 3 were produced. They managed to shoot down 3 Soviet aircraft when piloted by Lars Hattinen in their brief service. After negotiating a peace agreement with the Sovet Union, Finland declared war on Germany in September 1944, beginning the Lapland War. The {{Specs|name}}s were used for ground attack and reconnaisance. After the end of World War 2, the conversions were completed and the {{Specs|name}}s were used as advanced trainers until their retirement in 1952. They were scrapped and none are known to survive today.
+
However, the conversion process was slow and the first operational example was only delivered in mid 1944. The Continuation War ended shortly afterwards, at which point only 3 were produced. They managed to shoot down 3 Soviet aircraft when piloted by Lars Hattinen in their brief service. After negotiating a peace agreement with the Soviet Union, Finland declared war on Germany in September 1944, beginning the Lapland War. The {{Specs|name}}s were used for ground attack and reconnaissance. After the end of World War 2, the conversions were completed and the {{Specs|name}}s were used as advanced trainers until their retirement in 1952. They were scrapped and none are known to survive today.
  
 
There is some debate over the {{Specs|name}}'s armament. It is agreed that the initial plan was to arm them with a German MG151/20 cannon firing through the propeller hub. Some sources claim that the Soviet Berezin UB heavy machine gun was mounted instead on several examples since Finland did not have many MG151s in stock. Others claim that multiple armaments were tested, Berezin UB included, but ultimately all operational {{Specs|name}}s were equipped with the MG151/20.
 
There is some debate over the {{Specs|name}}'s armament. It is agreed that the initial plan was to arm them with a German MG151/20 cannon firing through the propeller hub. Some sources claim that the Soviet Berezin UB heavy machine gun was mounted instead on several examples since Finland did not have many MG151s in stock. Others claim that multiple armaments were tested, Berezin UB included, but ultimately all operational {{Specs|name}}s were equipped with the MG151/20.
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;Skins
 
;Skins
  
−
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=sweden&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=fighter&vehicle=morko_morane Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]
+
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=morko_morane Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]
  
 
;Videos
 
;Videos
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== External links ==
 
== External links ==
−
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
+
<!--''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
 +
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
 +
* ''other literature.''-->
  
−
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
+
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/479189-morko-morane/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
−
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
 
−
* ''other literature.''
 
  
−
{{AirManufacturer MS}}
+
{{AirManufacturer VL}}
 
{{Sweden fighters}}
 
{{Sweden fighters}}
 
{{Sweden premium aircraft}}
 
{{Sweden premium aircraft}}

Latest revision as of 10:45, 17 March 2024

Rank VI USA | Premium | Golden Eagles
A-10A Thunderbolt (Early)
Mörkö-Morane
morko_morane.png
GarageImage Mörkö-Morane.jpg
360://https://wiki.warthunder.com/images/2/22/Cockpit_morko_morane.jpg
Mörkö-Morane
Sweden flag.png Sweden
II Rank
Battle rating:
AB RB SB
2.3 2.3 1.7
Class:
PREMIUM
Purchase:700 Specs-Card-Eagle.png
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Description

The Mörkö-Morane was a Finnish modification of the French Morane-Saulnier M.S.406. 30 Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 fighters were delivered by France in February 1940 and these fighters saw little to no combat during the Winter War. Germany later delivered more M.S.406 and M.S.410 fighters captured from the French. The Mörkö-Morane was the result of a series of modifications applied to all 41 M.S.406 in service, with captured Soviet Klimov VK-105P 12-cylinder engines and more available armament. The result was a much more improved M.S.406, however, deliveries were slow and the first example arrived in 1944. The aircraft still performed decently during the Continuation War, thanks in part to superior tactics used by the Finnish pilots.

Introduced in Update 1.97 "Viking Fury", this aircraft is a Finnish modification of the French Morane-Saulnier M.S.406, as shown by the camouflage and markings. The main differences between the original M.S.406 and the Mörkö-Morane are the engine and nose-mounted weapon. The M.S.406C1, which is featured in the game, has a Hispano-Suiza 12Y-31 12-cylinder inline engine and a 20 mm Hispano 404 cannon with 60 rounds of ammunition. In contrast, the Finnish Mörkö-Morane has a Soviet Klimov VK-105P 12-cylinder inline engine and a choice between either a 12.7 mm Berezin UB heavy machine gun with 230 rounds of ammunition, or a 20 mm MG 151 cannon with 120 rounds and access to the notorious "minengeschoβ" rounds. Other airframe improvements include a more aerodynamic engine cowling (the nose is rounded instead of being squared-off like many French aircraft) and a Bf 109-style oil cooler. The new engine provides the Mörkö-Morane with over 300 more hp than the M.S.406C1, making it an excellent energy fighter. While the armament is rather light, it's adequate for the battle rating. Fans of Finnish aviation and those looking for a low-tier Swedish premium will greatly enjoy this Franken-aircraft.

General info

Flight performance

Max speed
at 5 000 m525 km/h
Turn time18 s
Max altitude12 000 m
EngineKlimov VK-105P
TypeInline
Cooling systemWater
Take-off weight3 t

The Mörkö-Morane has significantly better performance than the original M.S.406, which was historically considered a substandard aircraft. The main improvements result from the new engine. The VK-105P scavenged from crashed Soviet LaGG-3s is not particularly powerful, but it's a huge improvement over the underpowered HS 12Y. When mounted in such a small and light aircraft, the result is like the Yak-3: nice handling and excellent power-to-weight. Amusingly, the VK-105 was heavily based the HS 12Y, which likely made the conversion easier. In a roundabout way, the Soviets fixed a French fighter!

The 527 km/h top speed is comparable to the Hurricane Mk I/L. This is much faster than all biplanes and most early monoplanes, so the Mörkö-Morane will rarely have issues outrunning its opponents. The acceleration and climb rate are incredible at low altitudes. The turning capability is on par with the Yak-1, which means that it can keep up with most enemy fighters in dogfights if uptiered, but low-rank aircraft will often outturn it. If played as an energy fighter, almost no contemporaries can match the Mörkö-Morane.

However, the original M.S.406 airframe was not designed to handle the kind of speeds that the Mörkö-Morane regularly reaches. The turning and roll performance will begin to compress early on, and during extended dives the handling can get quite brick-like. The actual wing rip speed of 756 km/h IAS is high for its rank and will not be a problem, but be sure to manage the airspeed for optimal shooting and manoeuvring.

It should also be noted that the Soviet engine is tuned for low altitude performance. Stay under 3,000 m for optimal speed, climb, and acceleration. Though most early fighters perform poorly at high altitudes anyway, being caught by a MiG-3 at 5,000 m might not end well.

Characteristics Max Speed
(km/h at 5,000 m) 		Max altitude
(metres) 		Turn time
(seconds) 		Rate of climb
(metres/second) 		Take-off run
(metres)
AB RB AB RB AB RB
Stock 502 489 12000 18.8 19.6 13.1 13.1 300
Upgraded 553 525 17.4 18.0 21.1 16.6

Details

Features
Combat flaps Take-off flaps Landing flaps Air brakes Arrestor gear
X X ✓ X X
Limits
Wings (km/h) Gear (km/h) Flaps (km/h) Max Static G
Combat Take-off Landing + -
756 320 N/A N/A 270 ~13 ~9
Optimal velocities (km/h)
Ailerons Rudder Elevators Radiator
< 310 < 320 < 400 > 323

Survivability and armour

Crew1 person
Speed of destruction
Structural756 km/h
Gear320 km/h

The Mörkö-Morane has no armour protection (armour plates or armoured glass) for the pilot nor the critical components of the aircraft, this is a recurring theme at its BR and on different variations of Morane-Saulnier-designed aircraft. But thanks to the shape and size of the sturdy fuselage the pilot dies rarely from direct hits. Catastrophic fuel tank fires are also semi-rare due to the good positioning of the fuel tank (between the pilot and the engine). Though if the Mörkö-Morane does catch fire it usually breaks the engine or kills the pilot rather quickly.

The Russian Klimov VK-105P inline engine can take a surprisingly large amount of punishment, from the enemies and the pilot as well. It has quite a long WEP time which is limited by oxygen deprivation at higher altitudes, meaning that the WEP cannot be used after a certain altitude. The engine and its cooling systems can usually keep going long enough to get the plane and pilot back to the airfield on most maps after being hit, provided the engine doesn't catch fire.

Modifications and economy

Repair cost
AB827 Sl icon.png
RB2 016 Sl icon.png
SB451 Sl icon.png
Crew training2 300 Sl icon.png
Experts15 000 Sl icon.png
Aces125 Ge icon.png
Research Aces320 000 Rp icon.png
Reward for battleAB / RB / SB
Talisman.png 2 × 40 / 100 / 150 % Sl icon.png
Talisman.png 2 × 112 / 112 / 112 % Rp icon.png
Modifications
Flight performance Survivability Weaponry
Mods aerodinamic fuse.png
Fuselage repair
Mods radiator.png
Radiator
Mods armor frame.png
Airframe
Mods compressor.png
Compressor
Mods aerodinamic wing.png
Wings repair
Mods new engine.png
Engine
Mods armor cover.png
Cover
Mods metanol.png
Engine injection
Mods engine extinguisher.png
EFS
Mods ammo.png
7_5mm_belt_pack
Mod arrow 1.png
Mods cannon.png
MG.151/20 cannon
Mod arrow 0.png
Mods ammo.png
ub_belt_pack
Mod arrow 1.png
Mods ammo.png
mg15120_belt_pack
Mod arrow 0.png
Mods weapon.png
mac39_new_gun
Mods weapon.png
mg15120_new_gun
Mods weapon.png
ub_new_gun

Armaments

Offensive armament

Weapon 112.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun
Ammunition230 rounds
Fire rate1 026 shots/min
Weapon 22 x 7.5 mm MAC 1934 machine gun
Ammunition600 rounds
Fire rate1 350 shots/min
Main articles: MG 151 (20 mm), Berezin UB (12.7 mm), MAC 1934 (7.5 mm)

The Mörkö-Morane is armed with:

  • A choice between two presets:
    • 1 x 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun, nose-mounted (230 rpg) + 2 x 7.5 mm MAC 1934 machine guns, wing-mounted (300 rpg = 600 total)
    • 1 x 20 mm MG 151 cannon, nose-mounted (120 rpg) + 2 x 7.5 mm MAC 1934 machine guns, wing-mounted (300 rpg = 600 total)

The single 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun firing through the propeller hub is the Mörkö-Morane's primary weapon when stock. While it does not have much burst mass by itself, it works fine against the fragile fighters commonly seen at its rank. The Air targets belt will easily set opponents ablaze and is the best choice overall. The Ground targets belt has powerful cermet-core rounds and might be useful against lightly-armoured vehicles. 230 rounds is a decent supply but still try to conserve your ammunition. When attacking larger aircraft, try to aim for fuel tanks, cockpits, and engines for quick and efficient kills.

A 20 mm MG 151 cannon can be equipped instead of the 12.7 mm MG. The cannon can be loaded with Minengeschoß rounds that are devastating to enemy airframes.

The twin 7.5 mm MAC 1934 machine guns are decent as far as rifle-calibre MGs go, but they play second fiddle to the Berezin UB. They have a high rate of fire and shoot relatively small bullets that tend to spark upon glancing hits. The wing mounting makes convergence an issue and the ammo supply is rather low. Use them at close range and try the Universal or Tracers belts to set your enemies on fire.

Usage in battles

The Mörkö-Morane is an excellent fighter in Air Realistic battles, where its flight characteristics and weaponry make it very capable against both biplanes and monoplane fighters. Firstly, the Mörkö-Morane possesses a very good rate of climb. It is able to outclimb every biplane and practically every monoplane plane that it might face; the only exceptions are bombers that receive an air-spawn (such as the Ju 87) and early Bf 109s. Against every other plane, the Mörkö-Morane can have a great altitude advantage and choose exactly when it wants to engage. On that topic, deciding when to attack is a vital skill when flying this plane. Often, attacking bombers isn't worth it, since they can easily do more damage to you than you can do to them. As for fighters, it will very often be the case that if you leave the area for a minute or so, enemy fighters at or above your altitude will dive on your allies lower down. Then, you will have the altitude advantage and a more favourable position.

When the Mörkö Morane pilot does decide to dive on an enemy, they must do so carefully. The plane accelerates very quickly in a dive; so much that it rapidly loses control authority, especially in the roll axis. Not only does this made it very hard to get guns on target but it also increases the risk of not being able to pull up in time. To avoid this, it is often helpful to cut the throttle during dives and make gradual spirals downwards rather than a straight-down dive.

After the initial dive, it is very important to not engage in an extended turnfight. Against some opponents, this may work in your favour (this vehicle actually has an average turning rate), but most planes are able to outturn the Mörkö Morane in an extended battle. Biplanes especially are incredibly manoeuvrable, and no monoplane should ever attempt to turn with them in a dogfight. Instead, use the speed gained from diving to zoom climb back to altitude; there is no need to throw away the Mörkö-Morane's energy advantage by dogfighting. Instead, continue to boom and zoom the enemy until they are destroyed.

The Mörkö Morane has decent armament, but in high-speed passes there is sometimes not enough time on target for the guns to do their work. So, multiple boom and zoom attempts may be necessary, especially when attacking sturdier monoplanes. Biplanes will usually be destroyed quickly. This vehicle's guns can be used to effectively destroy unarmoured ground targets in Air Realistic battles. The 12.7 mm machine gun, which is by a considerable margin the most powerful gun on this plane, has less ammunition than the 7.5 mm guns. Trigger discipline is necessary if the pilot wants their ammunition load to last the round. If running low on 12.7 mm ammunition, it can be advisable to fire the 7.5 mm guns independently of it so that the more potent ammunition is preserved.

If the pilot finds that there is an enemy fighter on their tail, the best thing to do is to fly in a straight line. Unless the enemy is diving with a massive energy advantage, the Mörkö Morane will be able to pull away thanks to its amazing top speed. Then, the pilot can choose to re-engage the enemy on their own terms.

Manual Engine Control

MEC elements
Mixer Pitch Radiator Supercharger Turbocharger
Oil Water Type
Controllable Controllable
Not auto controlled 		Controllable
Auto control available 		Controllable
Auto control available 		Separate Controllable
2 gears 		Not controllable

Note: you can't use WEP while using supercharger gear 2

Pros and cons

Pros:

  • Very good top speed
  • Great rate of climb
  • Effective weaponry for its BR
  • Good survivability
  • Long WEP time at low to medium altitudes
  • A 20 mm MG 151 cannon can be installed, along with powerful Minengeschoß rounds

Cons:

  • Low ammo count
  • No armour protection for pilot or critical components
  • Rarely survives catching fire
  • Control surfaces (especially ailerons) compress in dives
  • WEP cannot be used at high altitudes

History

The Soviet invasion of Finland in late 1939 marked the beginning of the Winter War. The Finnish Air Force was under-equipped, only having Bristol Blenheim bombers, Fokker D.XXI monoplanes, and Bristol Bulldog biplanes. New aircraft were needed to better resist the Soviet Air Force, which was much larger in number though largely equipped with older Polikarpov I-15 and I-16 fighters. Finnish units ended up performing excellently with these older aircraft owing to their better tactics, but the Finnish government continued to obtain whatever fighters were available from a wide variety of sources.

30 Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 fighters were delivered by France in February 1940. They likely saw little combat since the Winter War ended a month later. Germany's attack on the Soviet Union restarted combat between Finland and the Soviet Union, and at the start of the Continuation War in June 1941, the Finnish Air Force had a more modern and formidable selection of fighters. Germany delivered additional M.S.406 and M.S.410 fighters from captured French stocks to Finland over the next few years. At this point the M.S.406, already an unimpressive design, was in need of upgrades to better compete with modern Soviet aircraft. Aircraft designer Aarne Lakomaa devised a series of improvements to the M.S.406 using captured Soviet engines, airframe modifications, and improved armament. The result was the Mörkö-Morane, which first flew in early 1943. The performance was far better than the M.S.406 and it was decided to apply this upgrade to all 41 Finnish examples of the French fighter.

However, the conversion process was slow and the first operational example was only delivered in mid 1944. The Continuation War ended shortly afterwards, at which point only 3 were produced. They managed to shoot down 3 Soviet aircraft when piloted by Lars Hattinen in their brief service. After negotiating a peace agreement with the Soviet Union, Finland declared war on Germany in September 1944, beginning the Lapland War. The Mörkö-Moranes were used for ground attack and reconnaissance. After the end of World War 2, the conversions were completed and the Mörkö-Moranes were used as advanced trainers until their retirement in 1952. They were scrapped and none are known to survive today.

There is some debate over the Mörkö-Morane's armament. It is agreed that the initial plan was to arm them with a German MG151/20 cannon firing through the propeller hub. Some sources claim that the Soviet Berezin UB heavy machine gun was mounted instead on several examples since Finland did not have many MG151s in stock. Others claim that multiple armaments were tested, Berezin UB included, but ultimately all operational Mörkö-Moranes were equipped with the MG151/20.

Media

Skins
Videos
Energy BEAST from the NORTH! Mörkö-Morane!" - Jengar
Mörkö-Morane Review. A Finnish Monster - Joseph 2000

See also

Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:

  • reference to the series of the aircraft;
  • links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.

External links


Finnish State Aircraft Factory (Valtion Lentokonetehdas)
Fighters  Mörkö-Morane* · VL Myrsky II · VL Pyörremyrsky
  ▄Fokker D.XXI-3* · ▄Fokker D.XXI*
  * Licensed Production / Variants
See Also  Morane-Saulnier · Fokker

Sweden fighters
ASJA  J6B
Saab  J21A-1 · J21A-2 · A21A-3
FFVS  J22-A · J22-B
Foreign Import  J8A · Iacobi's J8A · J9 Early · J11 · J20 · J26 David · J26
Finland 
VL  Mörkö-Morane · VL Myrsky II · VL Pyörremyrsky
(NL) Fokker  ▄Fokker D.XXI-3 · ▄Fokker D.XXI
(DE) Messerschmitt  ▄Bf 109 G-2 · ▄Bf 109 G-6 Erla · ▄Bf 109 G-6
Other  ▄B-239 · ▄Hurricane Mk I/L

Sweden premium aircraft
Fighters  Iacobi's J8A · ▄Fokker D.XXI · Mörkö-Morane · VL Myrsky II · J9 Early · J26 David · VL Pyörremyrsky · ▄Bf 109 G-6
Jet fighters  J29D · J35A · Saab J35XS · JA37DI F21
Strike aircraft  SAAB-105OE · A32A Röd Adam
Bomber  ▄Ar 196 A-5

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