12-inch/45 Vickers (305 mm)
Contents
Description
The 12-inch/45 Vickers is a 305 mm naval gun that was developed by the British firms Armstrong and Vickers in the early 1900s.
Vehicles equipped with this weapon
General info
Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.
Available ammunition
| Penetration statistics | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammunition | Type of warhead |
Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm) | |||||
| 1,000 m | 2,500 m | 5,000 m | 7,500 m | 10,000 m | 15,000 m | ||
| 12-inch HE | HE | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 |
| 12-inch APC | APC | 496 | 432 | 345 | 278 | 229 | 172 |
| Shell details | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammunition | Type of warhead |
Velocity (m/s) |
Projectile mass (kg) |
Fuse delay (s) |
Fuse sensitivity (mm) |
Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (kg) |
Ricochet | ||
| 0% | 50% | 100% | |||||||
| 12-inch HE | HE | 825 | 400.06 | 0 | 0.1 | 37.82 | 79° | 80° | 81° |
| 12-inch APC | APC | 825 | 400.06 | 0.035 | 17 | 13.64 | 48° | 63° | 71° |
Comparison with analogues
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Usage in battles
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Pros and cons
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Pros:
Cons:
History
Around the turn of the 20th century, the naval powers of the world would begin a naval arms race and Japan did not want to fall behind. At the time, Japan lacked the capability to build large capital ships, so they frequently turned to Britain to build their battleships while working to obtain the know-how to build capital ships for themselves. The 12-inch/45-calibre Vickers was first built for the Katori-class battleships. These wire-wound guns were based on the 12-inch/45 Mark X first used on HMS Dreadnought. In fact, Katori mounted these very guns as it was built by Vickers while her sister ship Kashima was armed with similarly designed guns made by the Elswick Ordnance Company. The guns would eventually be produced under license in Japan and were designated the 12-inch/45 Type 41 guns in 1908 (1908 being the 41st year of the reign of Emperor Meiji).
The launch of HMS Invincible in 1908 rendered Japan's entire capital ship fleet obsolete, but Japan wasn't far behind. The Ibuki class which was already planned was retrofitted with 12-inch guns and closely followed by the Tsukuba-class battlecruisers Tsukuba and Ikoma which were planned from the start to use 12-inch guns after being on the receiving end of these powerful weapons during the Battle of the Yellow Sea in the Russo-Japanese War. The Mikasa, a pre-dreadnought battleship, was refitted in 1908 with these 12-inch/45 Vickers.
While HMS Dreadnought was the first all-big-gun battleship to be finished in 1906, the Japanese were first to approve construction of such a design in 1904 with what became the Satsuma class. While planned to be armed with a large battery of 12-inch guns, the Satsuma class, the first class of battleships built in Japan, were forced to build with a large secondary battery instead because of budget cutbacks and a lack of 12-inch guns after the Russo-Japanese War. The last Japanese pre-dreadnoughts of the Kawachi class were finished in 1912. Kawachi and Settsu had four of these guns mounted amidships complimenting the fore and aft 12-inch/50 Vickers due the same budget cutbacks. After the Washington Naval Treaty was signed in 1922, the limitations of capital ship tonnage led the IJN to scrap most of their ships using these guns and mounting their turrets as coastal defense guns in Tokyo Bay.
Media
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See also
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- reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;
- references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.
External links
| Japan naval cannons | |
|---|---|
| 20 mm | JM61 · Type 98 |
| 25 mm | 25 mm/60 Type 96 |
| 37 mm | Type 4 · Type 11 pattern 1922 |
| 40 mm | 40 mm/62 Vickers |
| 57 mm | Type 97 |
| 75 mm | Type 88 AA |
| 76 mm | 3-inch/40 Type 41 · 8 cm/40 3rd Year Type · 8 cm/60 Type 98 |
| 100 mm | 100/65 mm Type 98 mod A |
| 120 mm | 120 mm/45 3rd Year Type · 120 mm/45 10th year type |
| 127 mm | 5 inch/40 Type 89 · 127 mm/50 3rd Year Type |
| 140 mm | 140 mm/50 3rd Year Type |
| 152 mm | 6-inch/45 Type 41 · 15 cm/50 Type 41 |
| 155 mm | 155 mm/60 3rd Year Type |
| 200 mm | 20 cm 3rd year type No.1 |
| 203 mm | 20 cm/45 Type 41 · 20 cm/50 3rd year type No.2 |
| 356 mm | 36 cm/45 Type 41 |
| 410 mm | 410 mm/45 Type 3 |
| Foreign: | |
| 20 mm | 20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (USA/Britain) |
| 40 mm | Bofors L/60 Mark 1 (USA) · Bofors L/60 Mark 2 (USA) · Bofors L/60 Mark 3 (USA) |
| 47 mm | 3 pdr QF Hotchkiss (Britain) |
| 76 mm | 3-inch Mark 10 (USA) · 3 inch Mk.33 (USA) · 3-inch Mk.34 (USA) |
| 120 mm | 4,7-inch/40 Armstrong (Britain) |
| 127 mm | 5 inch/38 Mk.12 (USA) |
| 305 mm | 12-inch/45 Vickers (Britain) · 12-inch/50 Vickers (Britain) |
