8 cm/40 3rd Year Type (76 mm)
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Contents
Description
The 8 cm/40 3rd Year Type is a Japanese naval dual-purpose gun for coastal defence and anti-air duty, designed in 1914, originally designated as the 3-inch/40 3rd Year Type, and redesignated as 8 cm in 1917. It saw widespread use on everything from auxiliary vessels and coastal installations to battleships. The last known instance of these guns seeing combat was in 1951, when HTMS Sri Ayudhya fought for the Royal Thai Navy during the Manhattan Rebellion.
The gun features essentially a single type of shell with two fuse settings - contact and timed. HE-TF is best used against aircraft, while HE is more effective against all other targets. Firing HE-TF at surface targets might result in an early explosion, spraying the target with shrapnel that will do significantly less damage than a direct hit. The gun has a very low muzzle velocity, making it easy to lob HE shells over hard cover, such as islands, but it also requires a longer lead on the target and makes it extra-challenging to hit aircraft.
Vehicles equipped with this weapon
General info
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Available ammunition
| Penetration statistics | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammunition | Type of warhead |
Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm) | |||||
| 100 m | 1,000 m | 2,000 m | 3,000 m | 4,000 m | 5,000 m | ||
| Type 0 HE | HE | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Type 0 HE | HE-TF | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Shell details | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammunition | Type of warhead |
Velocity (m/s) |
Projectile mass (kg) |
Fuse delay (m) |
Fuse sensitivity (mm) |
Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (g) |
Ricochet | |||||
| 0% | 50% | 100% | ||||||||||
| Type 0 HE | HE | 685 | 5.99 | 0 | 0.1 | 480 | 79° | 80° | 81° | |||
| Type 0 HE | HE-TF | 685 | 5.99 | 0 | 0.1 | 480 | 79° | 80° | 81° | |||
Comparison with analogues
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Usage in battles
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Pros and cons
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Pros:
Cons:
History
The Imperial Japanese Navy began moving to the metric system from the Imperial system during the Taishō period and as a result, most of their older guns were re-designated to conform to the new bureaucracy even though the guns were mostly unchanged from their Meiji era designs. An example is the 8-centimetre 40-calibre 3rd Year Type (the re-designation having occurred in the third year of Emperor Taishō's reign, 1917) formerly the 3-inch/40 Type 41. The design did undergo some changes later in its life, but the original guns were still overall similar to the Type 41 that came before. The first change to occur was adding a sliding breech block and later variants of the design were built with monobloc barrels. The Japanese battleships and battlecruisers built between 1914 and 1925 used these weapons as anti-aircraft guns. While they were later phased out from this role after 1925, the guns would be used well into World War II on smaller ships such as cruisers, destroyers, armed merchantmen, gunboats, and so on. Mounted on an elevating mount, these weapons were intended to be dual-purpose guns and also dismounted from ships in the coastal defense role. A wet mount called Type 88 was developed for mounting on submarines. In the coastal defense role, the guns were used to defend a large number of IJN island bases including Kiska, the Aleutian Islands in Alaska, Kolombangara in the New Georgia Islands group of the Solomon Islands, Saipan and Tinian in the Northern Mariana Islands, and Tarawa in the Gilbert Islands (now the capital of the Republic of Kiribati).
Media
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See also
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- reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;
- references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.
External links
| Japan naval cannons | |
|---|---|
| 20 mm | JM61 · Type 98 |
| 25 mm | 25 mm/60 Type 96 |
| 37 mm | Type 4 · Type 11 pattern 1922 |
| 40 mm | 40 mm/62 Vickers |
| 57 mm | Type 97 |
| 75 mm | Type 88 AA |
| 76 mm | 3-inch/40 Type 41 · 8 cm/40 3rd Year Type · 8 cm/60 Type 98 |
| 100 mm | 100/65 mm Type 98 mod A |
| 120 mm | 120 mm/45 3rd Year Type · 120 mm/45 10th year type |
| 127 mm | 5 inch/40 Type 89 · 127 mm/50 3rd Year Type |
| 140 mm | 140 mm/50 3rd Year Type |
| 152 mm | 6-inch/45 Type 41 · 15 cm/50 Type 41 |
| 155 mm | 155 mm/60 3rd Year Type |
| 200 mm | 20 cm 3rd year type No.1 |
| 203 mm | 20 cm/45 Type 41 · 20 cm/50 3rd year type No.2 |
| 356 mm | 36 cm/45 Type 41 |
| 410 mm | 410 mm/45 Type 3 |
| Foreign: | |
| 20 mm | 20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (USA/Britain) |
| 40 mm | Bofors L/60 Mark 1 (USA) · Bofors L/60 Mark 2 (USA) · Bofors L/60 Mark 3 (USA) |
| 47 mm | 3 pdr QF Hotchkiss (Britain) |
| 76 mm | 3-inch Mark 10 (USA) · 3 inch Mk.33 (USA) · 3-inch Mk.34 (USA) |
| 120 mm | 4,7-inch/40 Armstrong (Britain) |
| 127 mm | 5 inch/38 Mk.12 (USA) |
| 305 mm | 12-inch/45 Vickers (Britain) · 12-inch/50 Vickers (Britain) |
