Difference between revisions of "Ju 87 R-2 (Italy)"

From War Thunder Wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
Visual (beta)Wikitext
(Added what armor the aircraft has.)
(→‎Suspended armament: Updated)
 
(14 intermediate revisions by 7 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
{{Specs-Card|code=ju-87r-2_italy}}
 
 
{{About
 
{{About
 
| about = dive bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
 
| about = dive bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
Line 7: Line 6:
 
| usage-2 = other versions
 
| usage-2 = other versions
 
| link-2 = Ju 87 (Family)
 
| link-2 = Ju 87 (Family)
 +
}}
 +
{{Specs-Card
 +
|code=ju-87r-2_italy
 +
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
 
}}
 
}}
  
 
== Description ==
 
== Description ==
 
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' -->
 
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' -->
−
[[File:GarageImage_Ju87R2_Italy.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
 
−
{{Break}}
 
 
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].
 
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].
 +
 +
The Italian version of the [[Ju 87 R-2]] is quite similar to the German version, with some minor differences in terms of speed and flight performance. Additionally, the Italian version has different payload options as it carries different types of bombs. So it cannot carry the 1,000 kg bomb but it can carry some 50 kg bombs underneath the wings. It has 2 x 7.92 mm offensive machine guns and a single 7.92 mm machine gun in a dorsal turret operated by the gunner. Although this seems unimpressive, this armament is on par with most fighters at its rank and the rear MG, even with its blind spots, its decent enough to shake off some fighters.
  
 
== General info ==
 
== General info ==
 
=== Flight performance ===
 
=== Flight performance ===
−
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''
+
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}
 +
<!-- ''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.'' -->
 +
The Ju 87 R-2 isn't very manoeuvrable with bombs attached, but it can dance with a fighter in an emergency if it has the energy and has dropped the bombs.
  
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
Line 59: Line 64:
 
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
 
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 520 || 320 || ~15 || ~6
+
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 469 || 320 || ~18 || ~7
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
Line 74: Line 79:
  
 
=== Survivability and armour ===
 
=== Survivability and armour ===
−
-8mm steel behind pilot
+
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}
 +
<!-- ''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.'' -->
 +
 
 +
* 8 mm steel behind pilot
 +
* 5 mm steel between pilot and gunner
  
−
-5mm steel between pilot and gunner
+
This bomber has better durability than most fighters of its rank, but subpar compared to similar bombers. The engine can be quite weak to oil and water leaks, so be sure to return to the base as soon as possible if your oil or water systems are hit.
 +
 
 +
=== Modifications and economy ===
 +
{{Specs-Economy}}
  
 
== Armaments ==
 
== Armaments ==
 +
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
 
=== Offensive armament ===
 
=== Offensive armament ===
 +
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}
 
<!-- ''Describe the offensive armament of the aircraft, if any. Describe how effective the cannons and machine guns are in a battle, and also what belts or drums are better to use. If there is no offensive weaponry, delete this subsection.'' -->
 
<!-- ''Describe the offensive armament of the aircraft, if any. Describe how effective the cannons and machine guns are in a battle, and also what belts or drums are better to use. If there is no offensive weaponry, delete this subsection.'' -->
 
{{main|MG 17 (7.92 mm)}}
 
{{main|MG 17 (7.92 mm)}}
Line 88: Line 102:
  
 
=== Suspended armament ===
 
=== Suspended armament ===
 +
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}
 
<!-- ''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.'' -->
 
<!-- ''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.'' -->
−
{{main|GP 50 (50 kg)|GP 250 (250 kg)|GP 500 (500 kg)}}
 
  
 
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:
 
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:
  
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
 +
|-
 +
! !! width="15%" | 1 !! width="15%" | 2 !! width="15%" | 3
 +
| rowspan="4" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_Ju_87_B-2.png]]</div>
 +
|-
 +
! [[GP 50 (50 kg)|50 kg GP 50]] bombs
 +
| 2 || || 2
 +
|-
 +
! [[GP 250 (250 kg)|250 kg GP 250]] bombs
 +
| || 1 ||
 +
|-
 +
! [[GP 500 (500 kg)|500 kg GP 500]] bombs
 +
| || 1 ||
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 +
{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
 +
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
 
* 1 x 250 kg GP 250 bomb (250 kg total)
 
* 1 x 250 kg GP 250 bomb (250 kg total)
−
* 1 x 250 kg GP 250 bomb + 4 x 50 kg GP 50 bombs (450 kg total)
+
* 4 x 50 kg GP 50 bombs (200 kg total)
 
* 1 x 500 kg GP 500 bomb (500 kg total)
 
* 1 x 500 kg GP 500 bomb (500 kg total)
−
* 1 x 500 kg GP 500 bomb + 4 x 50 kg GP 50 bombs (700 kg total)
+
{{Navigation-End}}
  
 
=== Defensive armament ===
 
=== Defensive armament ===
 +
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}
 
<!-- ''Defensive armament with turret machine guns or cannons, crewed by gunners. Examine the number of gunners and what belts or drums are better to use. If defensive weaponry is not available, remove this subsection.'' -->
 
<!-- ''Defensive armament with turret machine guns or cannons, crewed by gunners. Examine the number of gunners and what belts or drums are better to use. If defensive weaponry is not available, remove this subsection.'' -->
 
{{main|MG 15 (7.92 mm)}}
 
{{main|MG 15 (7.92 mm)}}
Line 104: Line 137:
 
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:
 
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:
  
−
* 1 x 7.92 mm MG 15 machine gun, dorsal turret (900 rpg total )
+
* 1 x 7.92 mm MG 15 machine gun, dorsal turret (900 rpg)
  
 
== Usage in battles ==
 
== Usage in battles ==
−
''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''
+
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' -->
 +
'''Dive-bomber'''
 +
 
 +
The main use of this aircraft is to attack ground targets. "soft" targets such AA emplacements, howitzers, artillery, trucks, and light armoured cars can be destroyed with the forward-firing 7.92 mm MGs, and you can destroy heavier ground targets with bombs such as pillboxes, and AI or player controlled tanks. It can carry a max of 1 x 500 kg bombs + 4 x 50 kg in 3 drops, two of the 50 kg bombs (that drop in pairs) and a single 500 kg drop. The two drops of the 50 kg bombs drop without delay, but the 500 kg bomb sits on a pair of arms that take the bomb outwards and then drops. This means that there is a little delay between the trigger and the bomb release, so keep in mind that you have to drop the bomb a bit earlier and keep going in the same trajectory.
 +
 
 +
'''Fighter'''
 +
 
 +
The Ju-87 R-2 can be a decently manoeuvrable once the bombs have been dropped, and as it usually faces biplanes, the armament of two low-calibre guns is not really underwhelming. As soon as the match starts drop the bombs and climb at 220 km/h, because of the air-spawn you will be higher than most fighters, and then you can boom and zoom them. This tactic benefits greatly from flying with a squad.
  
 
=== Manual Engine Control ===
 
=== Manual Engine Control ===
Line 123: Line 163:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Not controllable || Controllable<br>Not auto controlled || Controllable<br>Not auto controlled || Controllable<br>Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable<br>1 gear || Not controllable
 
| Not controllable || Controllable<br>Not auto controlled || Controllable<br>Not auto controlled || Controllable<br>Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable<br>1 gear || Not controllable
−
|-
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
=== Modules ===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
! Tier
 
−
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
 
−
! Survivability
 
−
! colspan="3" | Weaponry
 
−
|-
 
−
| I
 
−
| Fuselage repair
 
−
| Radiator
 
−
|
 
−
| Offensive 7 mm
 
−
|
 
−
| MCGP50
 
−
|-
 
−
| II
 
−
|
 
−
| Compressor
 
−
| Airframe
 
−
|
 
−
| Turret 7 mm
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
| III
 
−
| Wings repair
 
−
| Engine
 
−
|
 
−
| New 7 mm MGs
 
−
|
 
−
| MCRO500
 
−
|-
 
−
| IV
 
−
|
 
−
| Engine injection
 
−
| Cover
 
−
|
 
−
| New 7 mm MGs (turret)
 
−
|
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
=== Pros and cons ===
 
=== Pros and cons ===
−
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''
+
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' -->
  
 
'''Pros:'''
 
'''Pros:'''
  
−
*
+
* More diverse payload options than its German counterpart
 +
* The rear MG can be useful
 +
* Decently manoeuvrable without any bombs
 +
* Decent amount of ammo for the MGs
 +
* Good visibility on cockpit view for simulator
  
 
'''Cons:'''
 
'''Cons:'''
  
−
*
+
* Maximum payload is less than the German [[Ju 87 R-2]]
 +
* Main bomb release mechanism takes time to release
 +
* Although manoeuvrable, not enough to outmanoeuvre most fighters
  
 
== History ==
 
== History ==
Line 182: Line 187:
  
 
== Media ==
 
== Media ==
−
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''
+
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' -->
 +
 
 +
;Skins
 +
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ju-87r-2_italy Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
 
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
 
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
−
 
 
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
 
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
 
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''
 
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''
  
 
== External links ==
 
== External links ==
−
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
+
<!--''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
 +
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
 +
* ''other literature.''-->
  
−
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
+
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/161909-junkers-ju-87-b-2-and-r-2/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
−
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
 
−
* ''other literature.''
 
  
 
{{AirManufacturer Junkers}}
 
{{AirManufacturer Junkers}}
 
{{Italy bombers}}
 
{{Italy bombers}}

Latest revision as of 21:13, 13 October 2023

Rank VI USA | Premium | Golden Eagles
A-10A Thunderbolt (Early)
This page is about the dive bomber Ju 87 R-2 (Italy). For the German version, see Ju 87 R-2. For other versions, see Ju 87 (Family).
▄Ju 87 R-2
ju-87r-2_italy.png
GarageImage Ju 87 R-2 (Italy).jpg
▄Ju 87 R-2
Italy flag.png Italy
I Rank
Battle rating:
AB RB SB
1.3 1.3 1.3
Class:
Research:2 000 Specs-Card-Exp.png
Purchase:2 100 Specs-Card-Lion.png
Show in game

Description

The ▄Ju 87 R-2 is a rank I Italian bomber with a battle rating of 1.3 (AB/RB/SB). It was introduced in Update 1.85 "Supersonic".

The Italian version of the Ju 87 R-2 is quite similar to the German version, with some minor differences in terms of speed and flight performance. Additionally, the Italian version has different payload options as it carries different types of bombs. So it cannot carry the 1,000 kg bomb but it can carry some 50 kg bombs underneath the wings. It has 2 x 7.92 mm offensive machine guns and a single 7.92 mm machine gun in a dorsal turret operated by the gunner. Although this seems unimpressive, this armament is on par with most fighters at its rank and the rear MG, even with its blind spots, its decent enough to shake off some fighters.

General info

Flight performance

Air brakes
Allows you to dramatically reduce the flight speed by releasing special flaps
Max speed
at 4 100 m383 km/h
Turn time27 s
Max altitude7 000 m
EngineJunkers Jumo 211D
TypeInline
Cooling systemWater
Take-off weight4 t

The Ju 87 R-2 isn't very manoeuvrable with bombs attached, but it can dance with a fighter in an emergency if it has the energy and has dropped the bombs.

Characteristics Max Speed
(km/h at 4,100 m) 		Max altitude
(metres) 		Turn time
(seconds) 		Rate of climb
(metres/second) 		Take-off run
(metres)
AB RB AB RB AB RB
Stock 366 357 7000 28.1 29.1 6.5 6.5 434
Upgraded 402 383 25.9 27.0 14.0 9.6

Details

Features
Combat flaps Take-off flaps Landing flaps Air brakes Arrestor gear
X ✓ ✓ ✓ X
Limits
Wings (km/h) Gear (km/h) Flaps (km/h) Max Static G
Combat Take-off Landing + -
680 680 N/A 469 320 ~18 ~7
Optimal velocities (km/h)
Ailerons Rudder Elevators Radiator
< 250 < 350 < 350 > 280

Survivability and armour

Crew2 people
Speed of destruction
Structural680 km/h
Gear680 km/h
  • 8 mm steel behind pilot
  • 5 mm steel between pilot and gunner

This bomber has better durability than most fighters of its rank, but subpar compared to similar bombers. The engine can be quite weak to oil and water leaks, so be sure to return to the base as soon as possible if your oil or water systems are hit.

Modifications and economy

Repair costBasic → Reference
AB226 → 284 Sl icon.png
RB319 → 402 Sl icon.png
SB429 → 540 Sl icon.png
Total cost of modifications4 430 Rp icon.png
2 690 Sl icon.png
Talisman cost300 Ge icon.png
Crew training600 Sl icon.png
Experts2 100 Sl icon.png
Aces45 Ge icon.png
Research Aces110 000 Rp icon.png
Reward for battleAB / RB / SB
20 / 40 / 80 % Sl icon.png
100 / 100 / 100 % Rp icon.png
Modifications
Flight performance Survivability Weaponry
Mods aerodinamic fuse.png
Fuselage repair
Research:
220 Rp icon.png
Cost:
135 Sl icon.png
45 Ge icon.png
Mods radiator.png
Radiator
Research:
220 Rp icon.png
Cost:
135 Sl icon.png
45 Ge icon.png
Mods armor frame.png
Airframe
Research:
330 Rp icon.png
Cost:
200 Sl icon.png
70 Ge icon.png
Mods compressor.png
Compressor
Research:
330 Rp icon.png
Cost:
200 Sl icon.png
70 Ge icon.png
Mods aerodinamic wing.png
Wings repair
Research:
280 Rp icon.png
Cost:
170 Sl icon.png
60 Ge icon.png
Mods new engine.png
Engine
Research:
280 Rp icon.png
Cost:
170 Sl icon.png
60 Ge icon.png
Mods armor cover.png
Cover
Research:
480 Rp icon.png
Cost:
290 Sl icon.png
100 Ge icon.png
Mods metanol.png
Engine injection
Research:
480 Rp icon.png
Cost:
290 Sl icon.png
100 Ge icon.png
Mods ammo.png
mg_belt_pack
Research:
220 Rp icon.png
Cost:
135 Sl icon.png
45 Ge icon.png
Mod arrow 1.png
Mods pilon bomb.png
GP50
Research:
220 Rp icon.png
Cost:
135 Sl icon.png
45 Ge icon.png
Mod arrow 1.png
Mods ammo.png
mg_turret_belt_pack
Research:
330 Rp icon.png
Cost:
200 Sl icon.png
70 Ge icon.png
Mod arrow 1.png
Mods weapon.png
mg17_new_gun
Research:
280 Rp icon.png
Cost:
170 Sl icon.png
60 Ge icon.png
Mods pilon bomb.png
GP500
Research:
280 Rp icon.png
Cost:
170 Sl icon.png
60 Ge icon.png
Mods turret gun.png
mg15_turret_new_gun
Research:
480 Rp icon.png
Cost:
290 Sl icon.png
100 Ge icon.png

Armaments

Offensive armament

Main article: MG 17 (7.92 mm)

The Ju 87 R-2 (Italy) is armed with:

  • 2 x 7.92 mm MG 17 machine guns, wing-mounted (500 rpg = 1,000 total)

Suspended armament

The Ju 87 R-2 (Italy) can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

1 2 3
Hardpoints Ju 87 B-2.png
50 kg GP 50 bombs 2 2
250 kg GP 250 bombs 1
500 kg GP 500 bombs 1
Default weapon presets
  • 1 x 250 kg GP 250 bomb (250 kg total)
  • 4 x 50 kg GP 50 bombs (200 kg total)
  • 1 x 500 kg GP 500 bomb (500 kg total)

Defensive armament

Main article: MG 15 (7.92 mm)

The Ju 87 R-2 (Italy) is defended by:

  • 1 x 7.92 mm MG 15 machine gun, dorsal turret (900 rpg)

Usage in battles

Dive-bomber

The main use of this aircraft is to attack ground targets. "soft" targets such AA emplacements, howitzers, artillery, trucks, and light armoured cars can be destroyed with the forward-firing 7.92 mm MGs, and you can destroy heavier ground targets with bombs such as pillboxes, and AI or player controlled tanks. It can carry a max of 1 x 500 kg bombs + 4 x 50 kg in 3 drops, two of the 50 kg bombs (that drop in pairs) and a single 500 kg drop. The two drops of the 50 kg bombs drop without delay, but the 500 kg bomb sits on a pair of arms that take the bomb outwards and then drops. This means that there is a little delay between the trigger and the bomb release, so keep in mind that you have to drop the bomb a bit earlier and keep going in the same trajectory.

Fighter

The Ju-87 R-2 can be a decently manoeuvrable once the bombs have been dropped, and as it usually faces biplanes, the armament of two low-calibre guns is not really underwhelming. As soon as the match starts drop the bombs and climb at 220 km/h, because of the air-spawn you will be higher than most fighters, and then you can boom and zoom them. This tactic benefits greatly from flying with a squad.

Manual Engine Control

MEC elements
Mixer Pitch Radiator Supercharger Turbocharger
Oil Water Type
Not controllable Controllable
Not auto controlled 		Controllable
Not auto controlled 		Controllable
Not auto controlled 		Separate Not controllable
1 gear 		Not controllable

Pros and cons

Pros:

  • More diverse payload options than its German counterpart
  • The rear MG can be useful
  • Decently manoeuvrable without any bombs
  • Decent amount of ammo for the MGs
  • Good visibility on cockpit view for simulator

Cons:

  • Maximum payload is less than the German Ju 87 R-2
  • Main bomb release mechanism takes time to release
  • Although manoeuvrable, not enough to outmanoeuvre most fighters

History

Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History) and add a link to it here using the main template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <ref></ref>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <references />. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under === In-game description ===, also if applicable).

Media

Skins

See also

Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:

  • reference to the series of the aircraft;
  • links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.

External links


Junkers Aircraft and Motor Works (Junkers Flugzeug- und Motorenwerke Aktiengesellschaft)
Fighters  Ju 88 C-6 · Ju 388 J
Strike Aircraft 
Ju 87  Ju 87 G-1 · Ju 87 G-2
Bombers  Ju 88 A-1 · Ju 88 A-4 · Ju 188 A-2 · Ju 288 C
Ju 87  Ju 87 B-2 · Ju 87 D-3 · Ju 87 D-5 · Ju 87 R-2 · Ju 87 R-2 Libya
Export  ▄Ju 87 D-3 · ▄Ju 87 R-2 · ▄Ju 88 A-4

Italy bombers
Fiat  B.R.20DR · B.R.20M M1
Savoia-Marchetti  S.81 · S.M.79 serie 1 · S.M.79 B · S.M.79 serie 8 · S.M.79 AS · S.M.79 bis/T.M
CANT  Z.1007 bis serie 3 · Z.1007 bis serie 5
Piaggio  P.108B serie 1 · P.108B serie 2
  Foreign:
Germany  ▄Ju 87 R-2 · ▄Ju 87 D-3
Hungary  ◔Tu-2S-59

Retrieved from "https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Ju_87_R-2_(Italy)&oldid=174444"