Aviation

The British Fairey Swordfish bomber, remembered by history under its ironic nickname “Stringbag,” became one of the most striking paradoxes of World War 2. By 1939, this fabric-covered biplane with an open cockpit and fixed landing gear looked hopelessly obsolete. Yet it was precisely this slow, ungainly machine that went on to write some of the brightest chapters in naval warfare history.

The vast majority of piston aircraft use a pulling propeller layout. Pushers are far less common. But the most exotic configuration of all is the so-called “push-pull” design, with propellers mounted both in the nose and at the tail. Today’s subject is exactly such a machine: the unique Dutch fighter Fokker D.XXIII. Only a single prototype was ever built.

This article examines the history of the MAA-1 Piranha, the first Brazilian domestic air-to-air missile, tracing its conception, development, testings, and the various setbacks and historical contexts that shaped the program. The Piranha was a bold project for its time, that sought to elevate Brazil into the small group of countries that were capable of producing domestic air-to-air missiles, a group which, at the time, consisted of France, the USA, the USSR, Israel, South Africa, the United Kingdom, China, Taiwan, and Japan.

If you’re asked which combat aircraft shows up on camera more often than any other, what’s the first one that comes to mind? For many, it’s the legendary American carrier-based fighter, the F/A-18. Today, we’re taking to the skies in this very aircraft — specifically in its most advanced variant, better known as the Super Hornet.

In the winter of 1950, a new era of military aviation began over Korea. For the very first time, jet fighters entered combat en masse: the Soviet MiG-15, alongside an entire lineup of American aircraft — from the F-80 Shooting Star and F-84 Thunderjet to the iconic F-86 Sabre. Jet aircraft had made their debut at the very end of World War II, but it was the Korean War that became the first major conflict where dozens of jet fighters regularly clashed in the skies.

As early as the beginning of the 1940s, aircraft designers understood that the future belonged to jet propulsion. In practice, though, that potential took time to unlock. Early engines were temperamental and unreliable, and their thrust was barely enough to compete with the best piston powerplants of the day. Even so, leadership kept pushing this new kind of aviation forward.

The Fokker D.XXI was a single-seat fighter aircraft designed and manufactured by the Dutch aviation company Fokker. It served primarily with the Netherlands’ Luchtvaartafdeeling (LVA) (Aviation Department) during the late 1930s, the Finnish Air Force in the Winter War and played a notable role during the opening phase of the Second World War. Although already obsolescent by the standards of 1940, the D.XXI demonstrated surprising effectiveness in combat, particularly in Dutch and Finnish service, where skilled pilots exploited its strengths to compensate for its technical shortcomings. This article focuses chiefly on the Dutch and Finnish variants and their operational history, while also addressing foreign use, like Danish variants.

As World War II reached its final stages, Japan faced increasing challenges in maintaining air superiority. The introduction of the Type 5 Fighter (Ki-100) marked an important attempt by the Imperial Japanese Army to adapt to wartime conditions by replacing unreliable liquid-cooled engines with more dependable air-cooled alternatives. Developed from the Type 3 Fighter (Ki-61 Hien), the Type 5 Fighter proved to be one of the most effective Japanese interceptors of the war.

The Kfir C.10 (Block 60) is a modernized variant of the Israeli Kfir multirole combat aircraft, which is in turn a derivative of the French Dassault Mirage 5. With the addition of four DERBY active radar-homing missiles and a top-of-the-line avionics suite, combined with the excellent airframe of the Kfir C.7, the Kfir C.10 is a force to be reckoned with in air battles, and it excels in medium to close range engagements. However, a small missile payload limits the Kfir C.10's ability to engage multiple targets simultaneously.

Sleek, powerful, and fast, the 'Sparviero' ('Sparrowhawk') was one of the deadliest warbirds above the Mediterranean when it first entered service in the mid-'30s. However, as the Second World War started to go badly for Italy, the SM.79's shortcomings were quickly exposed by a new generation of fighters, which this aircraft’s designers had not prepared for.