Difference between revisions of "135 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1937 (135 mm)"

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== Description ==
 
== Description ==
 
<!-- ''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.'' -->
 
<!-- ''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.'' -->
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'''135 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1937''' was an Italian naval gun designed as a response to the French 138.6 mm/50 and was planned to be used on a wide variety of warships - from destroyers to the battleships. Most of these planes were cancelled before completion, as the gun was introduced on the verge of WW2, and didn't see any major naval engagements before the armistice.
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'''135 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1937''' was an Italian naval gun designed as a response to the French 138.6 mm/50 and was planned to be used on a wide variety of warships - from destroyers to battleships. Most of these planes were cancelled before completion, as the gun was introduced on the verge of WW2, and didn't see any major naval engagements before the armistice.
  
 
In the game, it's best used against destroyers and coastal vessels, as it features few characteristics that make it excellent in that role. Against cruisers, it will, however, suffer significantly from having a relatively low explosive filler.
 
In the game, it's best used against destroyers and coastal vessels, as it features few characteristics that make it excellent in that role. Against cruisers, it will, however, suffer significantly from having a relatively low explosive filler.
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== General info ==
 
== General info ==
 
<!-- ''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.'' -->
 
<!-- ''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.'' -->
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The gun is avaiable in 4 different mounts. A single mount used on Destroyers has the most rudimentary anti-fragmentation mount. Twin cruiser mount has insufficient protection to stop anything but the machine guns. Battleship secondaries come in two distinct mounts, and while both have a nearly identical armor, the twin-mount used on Cavour is somewhat more difficult to penetrate due to having a much smaller face and a side armor at a very steep angle.
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The gun is available in 4 different mounts. A single mount used on destroyers has the most rudimentary anti-fragmentation mount. Twin cruiser mount has insufficient protection to stop anything but the machine guns. Battleship secondaries come in two distinct mounts, and while both have a nearly identical armor, the twin-mount used on Cavour is somewhat more difficult to penetrate due to having a much smaller face and a side armor at a very steep angle.
  
 
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== Usage in battles ==
 
== Usage in battles ==
 
<!-- ''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.'' -->
 
<!-- ''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.'' -->
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The biggest weakness of this gun largely determines its use. Low explosive filler makes is less effective in dealing with the cruisers than it might appear after reading the penetration table. Thus, it's particularly good at dealing with enemy destroyers and coastal vessels, while struggling to score kills on heavier warships.
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The biggest weakness of this gun largely determines its use. The low explosive filler makes it less effective to deal with cruisers than it might appear after reading the penetration table. Thus, it's particularly good at dealing with enemy destroyers and coastal vessels, while struggling to score kills on heavier warships.
  
 
=== Pros and cons ===
 
=== Pros and cons ===

Revision as of 19:56, 12 March 2024

Stern port battery of 135 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1937 on RN Etna

Description

135 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1937 was an Italian naval gun designed as a response to the French 138.6 mm/50 and was planned to be used on a wide variety of warships - from destroyers to battleships. Most of these planes were cancelled before completion, as the gun was introduced on the verge of WW2, and didn't see any major naval engagements before the armistice.

In the game, it's best used against destroyers and coastal vessels, as it features few characteristics that make it excellent in that role. Against cruisers, it will, however, suffer significantly from having a relatively low explosive filler.

Vehicles equipped with this weapon

General info

The gun is available in 4 different mounts. A single mount used on destroyers has the most rudimentary anti-fragmentation mount. Twin cruiser mount has insufficient protection to stop anything but the machine guns. Battleship secondaries come in two distinct mounts, and while both have a nearly identical armor, the twin-mount used on Cavour is somewhat more difficult to penetrate due to having a much smaller face and a side armor at a very steep angle.

Ship Guns per mount Front Sides Top Elevator
Tickness (mm) type (mm) type (mm) type (mm) type
RN Conte di Cavour 2 120 RCA 80 RCA 60 RHA 100 RCA
RN Duilio 3 120 RCA 80 RCA 60 RHA 100 RCA
RN Etna
RN Attilio Regolo 		2 20 RHA 6 RHA 6 RHA 0 —
RN Comandante Margottini 1 12 AfA 12 AfA 12 AfA 0 —

Available ammunition

135 mm APHEBC Perforante shells pictured in-flight, with the aft battery of RN Etna firing in the background. Note the white tracer characteristic for armour-piercing shells.

The choice of shells is typical for the Italian pre-WW2 guns, limited to HE and AP against surface targets and HE-TF against aircraft. It's adequate for nearly every situation a warship can encounter.

  • 135 mm HE Dirompente - Universal high-explosive round, great against frigates and torpedo boats alike, to a degree also useful against enemy destroyers, or to ignite heavier warships on fire.
  • 135 mm APHEBC Perforante - The shell of choice against enemy cruisers, or to reach the ammo racks on destroyers. It lacks penetration to deal with some of the heavy cruisers or all of the battleships/battlecruisers, so against them the HE rounds would be a better choice.
  • 135 mm HE-TF Contro-aerea - Time-fused high explosive shell, able to counter enemy aircraft through shrapnel. Use Distance fuse set accuracy crew skill to increase the probability of fusing in the perfect spot for the kill - however, even with the skill maxed-out, shells still can explode ± 100 m away from a target at 5000 meters range, which is more than enough for the aircraft to avoid taking any damage. Still - it's by far the best round to use against enemy airplanes.
Penetration statistics
Ammunition Type of
warhead 		Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
1,000 m 2,500 m 5,000 m 7,500 m 10,000 m 15,000 m
135 mm HE Dirompente HE 23 23 23 23 23 23
135 mm APHEBC Perforante APHEBC 171 139 100 73 56 45
135 mm HE-TF Contro-aerea HE-TF 23 23 23 23 23 23
Shell details
Ammunition Type of
warhead 		Velocity
(m/s) 		Projectile
mass (kg) 		Fuse delay
(s) 		Fuse sensitivity
(mm) 		Explosive mass
(TNT equivalent) (kg) 		Ricochet
0% 50% 100%
135 mm HE Dirompente HE 825 32.42 0 0.1 1.8 79° 80° 81°
135 mm APHEBC Perforante APHEBC 825 32.73 0.01 6 1.47 48° 63° 71°
135 mm HE-TF Contro-aerea HE-TF 825 32.42 0 0.1 1.8 79° 80° 81°

Comparison with analogues

135 mm is a fairly unusual calibre, thus the comparison will be made with the guns of relatively similar calibre used as either primary guns on cruisers, or secondary guns on battleships/battlecruisers. Pure destroyer guns are intentionally skipped.

HE

Cannon Sample Ship Ammo Calibre
(mm) 		Muzzle Velocity
(m/s) 		Sustained rate of fire
(rounds/min) 		Targeting speed
(°/s) 		TNT Equivalent
(kg) 		Penetration
@ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
Horizontal Vertical 1,000 m 5,000 m 10,000 m
Italy flag.png 135 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1937 RN Etna HE 135 825 7.5 9.5 9.5 1.8 23 23 23
USA flag.png 5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm) USS Atlanta HE 127 792 15 21 13 3.22 36 36 36
Germany flag.png 150 mm/45 SK L/45 (150 mm) SMS Elbing HE 150 835 7 4.2 4.2 1.6 21 21 21
USSR flag.png 130 mm/55 pattern 1913 (130 mm) Imperatritsa Mariya HE 130 823 8 3.4 3.4 3.9 37 37 37
Japan flag.png 140 mm/50 3rd Year Type (140 mm) IJN Sendai HE 140 840 6.2 8.0 8.0 3.15 35 35 35
France flag.png 138.6 mm/55 model 1910 (138.6 mm) Lorraine HE 139 840 6 4.2 4.2 4.41 36 36 36

AP/SAP

Cannon Sample Ship Ammo Calibre
(mm) 		Muzzle Velocity
(m/s) 		Sustained rate of fire
(rounds/min) 		Targeting speed
(°/s) 		TNT Equivalent
(kg) 		Penetration
@ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
Horizontal Vertical 1,000 m 5,000 m 10,000 m
Italy flag.png 135 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1937 RN Etna APHEBC 135 825 7.5 9.5 9.5 1.47 171 100 56
USA flag.png 5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm) USS Atlanta SP Common Mk.46 127 792 15 21 13 0.9065 150 95 56
Germany flag.png 150 mm/45 SK L/45 (150 mm) SMS Elbing APCBC 150 835 7 4.2 4.2 0.99 238 153 93
USSR flag.png 130 mm/55 pattern 1913 (130 mm) Imperatritsa Mariya SAPBC 130 823 8 3.4 3.4 1.67 178 115 71
Japan flag.png 140 mm/50 3rd Year Type (140 mm) IJN Sendai mod 1 SAP 140 855 6.2 8.0 8.0 2.21 115 81 54
France flag.png 138.6 mm/55 model 1910 (138.6 mm) Lorraine SAPBC 139 790 6 4.2 4.2 2.93 73 47 34

Usage in battles

The biggest weakness of this gun largely determines its use. The low explosive filler makes it less effective to deal with cruisers than it might appear after reading the penetration table. Thus, it's particularly good at dealing with enemy destroyers and coastal vessels, while struggling to score kills on heavier warships.

Pros and cons

Pros:

  • Good rate of fire
  • High muzzle velocity
  • Sufficient penetration to counter any light cruiser and even some of the heavy cruisers

Cons:

  • Very small explosive filler of the HE and HE-TF shells

History

Originally designed in response to the French 138.6 mm/50, the 135/45 was initially planned to be introduced first with the Capitani Romani class in order to counter French large destroyers (contre-torpilleur), but after the outstanding performance of the guns they got recommended for the 1937 refits of the Duilio-class. They proved to have a lower dispersion than even the latest of the 120 mm guns, while having a higher maximum range and larger explosive filler.

During the war, a new single-mounts were developed for the Comandanti M. d'Oro-class. Only one hull of the class - RN Comandante Margottini - was launched, unarmed, to make space in the shipyard. The guns were instead planned to be used on the Yugoslav destroyer Dubrovnik, but the plan didn't come to fruition before the armistice in September 1943. Similar fate met the guns planned for aircraft carrier Aquila and cruisers Etna and Vesuvio. Finally, before the armistice, the refit of the Conte di Cavour was already in progress, with some of the 120 mm guns being already replaced by the twin 135 mm turrets.

The single-mount guns were also used for coastal defence since early 1943, primarily on the north coast of Sardinia.

During the Cold War, a new, fully automated anti-air mount was designed for the refit of the Giuseppe Garibaldi, but never seen any other use outside the one-off cruiser.

Media

Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.

See also

Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:

  • reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;
  • references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.

External links


Italy naval cannons
20 mm  20 mm/65 Breda · 20 mm/70 Oerlikon 3S · 20 mm/70 Scotti-Isotta Fraschini mod.1939
37 mm  37 mm/54 Breda Mod.32 · 37 mm/54 Breda Mod.38 · 37 mm/54 Breda Mod.39
40 mm  40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 · 40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917, Modif.1930 · 40 mm/70 Breda-Bofors type 107
65 mm  65 mm/64 Ansaldo-Terni Mod.1939
76 mm  76 mm/40 Armstrong mod.1897/1910 · 76 mm/40 Armstrong mod.1897/1912 · 76 mm/40 Ansaldo mod.1917 · 76 mm/45 Schneider mod.1911 · 76 mm/50 Vickers mod.1909 · 76 mm/62 OTO-Melara Compact · 76-mm/62 SMP 3
90 mm  90 mm/50 Ansaldo model 1939
100 mm  100 mm/47 O.T.O. Mod. 1928 · 100 mm/47 O.T.O. Mod. 1937
120 mm  120 mm/45 Canet-Schneider-Armstrong mod.1918-19 · 120 mm/50 Armstrong model 1909 · 120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 · 120 mm/50 Ansaldo mod.1926 · 120 mm/50 O.T.O. Mod.1936
135 mm  135 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1937
152 mm  152 mm/45 Schneider mod.1911 · 152/53 mm Ansaldo mod.1926 · 152/53 mm O.T.O. Mod.1929
203 mm  203 mm/50 Ansaldo mod.1924 · 203 mm/53 Ansaldo mod.1927
305 mm  305 mm/46 Armstrong model 1909 · 305 mm/46 Vickers model 1909
320 mm  320 mm/44 OTO model 1934 · 320 mm/44 Ansaldo model 1936
  Foreign:
20 mm  2 cm/65 Flakvierling 38 (Germany) · 20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (USA)
40 mm  Bofors L/60 Mark 1 (USA) · Bofors L/60 Mark 3 (USA)
76 mm  76 mm/50 Mk.33 (USA)
127 mm  127 mm/38 Mk.12 (USA)

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