Difference between revisions of "AZP-23 (23 mm)"

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* {{Specs-Link|ussr_zsu_23_4}}
 
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_zsu_23_4}}
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* {{Specs-Link|it_zsu_23_4}}
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* {{Specs-Link|il_zsu_23_4}}
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* {{Specs-Link|ussr_zsu_23_4m4}}
  
 
== General info ==
 
== General info ==
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=== Available ammunition ===
 
=== Available ammunition ===
−
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''
+
<!--''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''-->
 +
 
 +
* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}
 +
* '''HEFI-T:''' {{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}
 +
* '''APIT:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}
 +
 
 +
{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|HEF-I, API-T, HEFI-T}}
  
 
=== Comparison with analogues ===
 
=== Comparison with analogues ===
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'''Pros:'''
 
'''Pros:'''
 +
 
*
 
*
  
 
'''Cons:'''
 
'''Cons:'''
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*
 
*
  
 
== History ==
 
== History ==
 
<!--''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''-->
 
<!--''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''-->
−
===2A14===
+
{{main|ZU-23_(23_mm)#History|l1=History of the ZU-23}}
−
In 1954, the Soviet Union's Chief Directorate of the Missile Troops and Artillery GAU issued an order to the design bureau TsKB-14 (located in Tula) to develop a new anti-aircraft weapon that was larger than the 14.5 mm caliber and more transportable than the [[61-K (37 mm)|37 mm M1939 gun]].<ref name="Koll_23x152Bmm">Koll 2009, 195-200</ref> TsKB-14 designer Nikolay M. Afanasev, who was already working on upscaling his 12.7 mm [[A-12.7 (12.7 mm)|A-12.7]] aircraft machine gun to a 23 mm caliber, submitted his prototype weapon chambered in the 23x152 mmB cartridge used in the [[VYa-23 (23 mm)|VYa cannon]] (the cases modified to use steel case with a sturdier extractor rim). The cannon design was accepted for Soviet service under the GRAU index number ''2A14'' and began production at plant No.535 in Tula.<ref name="Koll_23x152Bmm"/>
 
−
[[File:ZU-23-2_at_Aksai.jpg|x250px|right|thumb|none|A ZU-23 anti-aircraft gun with its ZU-14 mount deployed.]]
 
−
 
 
−
The 2A14 cannon was envisioned to be used in single, twin, and quadruple-mount carriages. In February 1955, TsKB-14 designers E.K. Rachinskiy and R.Ya. Purtsen would produce the ZU-1 single mount and the ZU-14 twin-mount carriages for the 2A14, with evaluations for the designs held between April and September 1956. While the ZU-1 was eventually dropped due to its relatively high weight of 440 kg, the ZU-14 proved more successful at 950 kg fully loaded with the ability to transition from travel to combat configuration in up to 20 seconds (the weapon can still fire in the travel configuration). An automatic anti-aircraft sight ZAP-23 was also installed to help target aircraft flying up to 300 m/sec. Following troop trials in 1959, the ZU-14 was adopted in 1960 as the ''ZU-23 "Konkurent"'', with index number ''2A13''.<ref name="Koll_23x152Bmm"/>
 
−
 
 
−
The ZU-23 saw prominent service in the Soviet infantry units, notably in the airborne as the weapon was light enough to be air-droppable to have similar anti-aircraft firepower to a [[ZSU-23-4|ZSU-23-4 "Shilka"]].<ref name="FAS_ZU23">Pike et al. 2000</ref> A Soviet airborne division would have a battalion of 18 ZU-23s, splitting to batteries of six ZU-23s for an airborne brigade.<ref name="DoA1991">Department of the Army 1991, Chapter 5-114</ref> The ZU-23 can provide an effective anti-air range of 2,500 metres, fed by linked ammunition of 50 rounds from boxes attached to the outside of each cannon's trunnion. The ZU-23 also saw use in Soviet motorized rifle regiments that have not yet converted to missile and ZSU-23-4 air defense, and as close air defense for SA-4 brigades.<ref name="FAS_ZU23"/><ref name="DoA1991"/>
 
  
−
===AZP-23===
+
In 17 April 1957, the Soviet Council of Ministers ordered development of a radar-guided, self-propelled anti-aircraft system. When it was decided the development would split to a 37 mm system (known as the [[ZSU-37-2]]) and a 23 mm system (known as the [[ZSU-23-4]]), the development of a quadruple-mounted 23 mm cannon started to arm the ZSU-23-4. Using the [[ZU-23 (23 mm)|2A14 cannon]] as the basis, the weapon was modified to fit the vehicle's purpose with the adaption of a water-cooling jacket, an electrical sear mechanism, and a pneumatic charging mechanism. The modified 2A14 was designated the ''2A7'', most distinguished by its water-cooling jacket and weighing 85 kg (10 kg more than the 2A14's 75 kg). The 2A7 was mounted in the ZSU-23-4 in the "Amur" 2A10 quadruple mounting. The combination of the 2A7 and 2A10 was overall designated the '''AZP-23'''.
−
In 17 April 1957, the Soviet Council of Ministers ordered development of a radar-guided, self-propelled anti-aircraft system. When it was decided the development would split to a 37 mm system (known as the [[ZSU-37-2]]) and a 23 mm system (known as the [[ZSU-23-4]]), the development of a quadruple-mounted 23 mm cannon started to arm the ZSU-23-4. Using the 2A14 cannon as the basis, the weapon was modified to fit the vehicle's purpose with the adaption of a water-cooling jacket, an electrical sear mechanism, and a pneumatic charging mechanism. The modified 2A14 was designated the ''2A7'', most distinguished by its water-cooling jacket and weighing 85 kg (10 kg more than the 2A14's 75 kg). The 2A7 was mounted in the ZSU-23-4 in the "Amur" 2A10 quadruple mounting. The combination of the 2A7 and 2A10 was overall designated the '''AZP-23'''.
+
[[File:Shilka_Barrels_MVTF.jpg|left|thumb|x300px|A view of the AZP-23 installed into the ZSU-23-4]]
−
[[File:Shilka_Barrels_MVTF.jpg|left|thumb|x300px|A view of the AZP-23 installed into the ZSU-23-4]].
 
  
−
Prototypes of the AZP-23 were produced at plant No.535 in 1963. Initial issues with the inhibited the weapon's reliability, with the fire rate so high from the combined four autocannons that the case ejection chutes were being clogged by fired casings. Other improvements were made to the barrel cooling, elevation and traverse mechanisms before the AZP-23 was submitted for trials. The AZP-23, along with its parent vehicle the ZSU-23-4, were soon put into production in 1964, with the first deliveries of the weapon system done in 1965. The AZP-23 was configured in the ZSU-23-4 with the RPK-2 "Tobol" radar system and with a total ammunition load of 2,000 rounds in the ZSU-23-4, with the top guns loaded with 480 rounds each and the bottom guns with 520 rounds each.<ref name="Koll_23x152Bmm"/>
+
Prototypes of the AZP-23 were produced at plant No.535 in 1963. Initial issues inhibited the weapon's reliability, with the fire rate so high from the combined four autocannons that the case ejection chutes were being clogged by fired casings. Other improvements were made to the barrel cooling, elevation and traverse mechanisms before the AZP-23 was submitted for trials. The AZP-23, along with its parent vehicle the ZSU-23-4, were soon put into production in 1964, with the first deliveries of the weapon system done in 1965. The AZP-23 was configured in the ZSU-23-4 with the RPK-2 "Tobol" radar system and with a total ammunition load of 2,000 rounds in the ZSU-23-4, with the top guns loaded with 480 rounds each and the bottom guns with 520 rounds each.<ref name="Koll_23x152Bmm">Koll 2009, 195-200</ref>
  
−
In 1967, a series of improvements to the 2A7 was demanded by the Soviet Council of Ministers due to dissatisfied reception of the 23 mm. The barrel cooling had to be improved as well as the barrel life span (from 3,500 rounds to 4,500). The pneumatic charging system was found to be unreliable and was replaced by a pyrotechnic cartridge mechanism. The improved weapon was designated the 2A7M and was introduced in 1973 alongside the ZSU-23-4M.<ref name="Koll_23x152Bmm"/>
+
In 1967, a series of improvements to the 2A7 was demanded by the Soviet Council of Ministers in response to dissatisfied reception of the 23 mm. The barrel cooling had to be improved as well as the barrel life span (from 3,500 rounds to 4,500). The pneumatic charging system was found to be unreliable and was replaced by a pyrotechnic cartridge mechanism. The improved weapon was designated the 2A7M and was introduced in 1973 alongside the ZSU-23-4M.<ref name="Koll_23x152Bmm" />
  
−
The AZP-23 cannon along with the RPK-2 "Tobol" radar would make up the ZSU-23-4 overall impressive anti-aircraft firepower, with a combined rate of fire of up to 4,000 rounds per minute from the four cannons and the radar able to lock-on and track targets up to 10 kilometres away (though the cannons effective range was still 2,500 metres). Comparisons with the American [[M163|M163 Vulcan Air Defense System]] put the ZSU-23-4 in a favorable level of having a 66% greater effective range and almost 50% more accurate.<ref name="Guardia_USSR-SPAA">Guardia 2015, 20-38</ref> The AZP-23 and ZSU-23-4 were distributed as air defense battalions, with two platoons that had four anti-aircraft units each. This led to one platoon being equipped with ZSU-23-4 and the other with [[ZSU-57-2]], and was later reorganized in the 1970s with the replacement of ZSU-57-2 with Strela-1 missile launchers.
+
The AZP-23 cannon along with the RPK-2 "Tobol" radar would make up the ZSU-23-4 overall impressive anti-aircraft firepower, with a combined rate of fire of up to 4,000 rounds per minute from the four cannon barrels and the radar able to lock-on and track targets up to 10 kilometres away (though the cannons effective range was still considered to be 2,500 metres). Comparisons with the American [[M163|M163 Vulcan Air Defense System]] put the ZSU-23-4 in a favorable level of having a 66% greater effective range and almost 50% more accurate.<ref name="Guardia_USSR-SPAA">Guardia 2015, 20-38</ref> The AZP-23 and ZSU-23-4 were distributed as air defense battalions, split into two platoons that had four anti-aircraft units each. This led to one platoon being equipped with ZSU-23-4 and the other with [[ZSU-57-2]], and was later reorganized in the 1970s with the replacement of ZSU-57-2 with Strela-1 missile launchers.
  
−
The most prominent conflict the AZP-23 and ZSU-23-4 saw use in is the Yom Kippur War, where the combined air defense network of the Egyptians and Syrians forced Israeli aircraft down to the AZP-23's effective firing range, credited with 31 Israeli aircraft losses.<ref name="Zaloga_ZSU234">Zaloga 1993, 2</ref> In other conflict like the Soviet-Afghanistan War and the Syrian Civil War, the AZP-23's rate of fire and elevation traverse range was effectively used to fight in mountainous and urban terrain respectively, the former conflict leading to the development of the ZSU-23-4M2 "Afghanskii" to carry more ammunition for the AZP-23 cannons.<ref name="Guardia_USSR-SPAA"/>
+
The most prominent conflict the AZP-23 and ZSU-23-4 saw use in is the Yom Kippur War, where the combined air defense network of the Egyptians and Syrians forced Israeli aircraft down to the AZP-23's effective firing range, which was credited with 31 Israeli aircraft losses.<ref name="Zaloga_ZSU234">Zaloga 1993, 2</ref> In other conflict like the Soviet-Afghanistan War and the Syrian Civil War, the AZP-23's rate of fire and elevation traverse range was effectively used to fight in mountainous and urban terrain respectively. The Afghanistan conflict would lead to the development of the ZSU-23-4M2 "Afghanskii" to carry more ammunition for the AZP-23 cannons.<ref name="Guardia_USSR-SPAA" />
  
 
== Media ==
 
== Media ==
 
<!--''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''-->
 
<!--''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''-->
−
{{Youtube-gallery|FoOD3ND8LA0|'''Zu 23-2 rezerwa''' - ''Piotr Ł.''|1sSWry6Z0IU|'''ZU-23-2 AA Gun''' - ''jaglavaksoldier''|HaYCjfvHIsQ|'''ZSU-23-4 Shilka on shooting range''' - ''Xunstar''}}
+
 
 +
;Videos
 +
{{Youtube-gallery|HaYCjfvHIsQ|'''ZSU-23-4 Shilka on shooting range''' - ''Xunstar''}}
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
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* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
 
* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
 
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''-->
 
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''-->
−
* [[ZSU-23-4]] - The vehicle that mounts the AZP-23.
+
 
 +
* [[ZU-23 (23 mm)]]: The regular anti-aircraft variant of the AZP-23
  
 
== External links ==
 
== External links ==
 
<!--''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
 
<!--''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
 
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
 
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
−
* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
 
 
* ''other literature.''-->
 
* ''other literature.''-->
 +
 
===References===
 
===References===
−
;Citations:
+
 
 +
;Citations
 
<references />
 
<references />
  
−
;Bibliography:
+
;Bibliography
  
−
* Department of the Army. 1991. ''FM 100-2-3: The Soviet Army - Troops, Organization, and Equipment''. Washington DC: US Government Printing Office.
 
 
* Guardia, Mike. 2015. ''Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft Guns of the Soviet Union''. Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd.
 
* Guardia, Mike. 2015. ''Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft Guns of the Soviet Union''. Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd.
 
* Koll, Christian. 2009. ''Soviet Cannon: A Comprehensive Study of Soviet Guns and Ammunition in Calibres 12.7MM to 57 MM''. Austria: self-published.
 
* Koll, Christian. 2009. ''Soviet Cannon: A Comprehensive Study of Soviet Guns and Ammunition in Calibres 12.7MM to 57 MM''. Austria: self-published.
−
* Pike, John and Robert Sherman. 2000. "ZU-23 23MM Antiaircraft Gun". FAS Military Analysis Network. Last modified April 27, 2000. [https://man.fas.org/dod-101/sys/land/row/zu-23.htm Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211223143638/https://man.fas.org/dod-101/sys/land/row/zu-23.htm Archive])
 
 
* Zaloga, Steven J. 1993. ''ZSU-23-4 Shilka & Soviet Air Defense Vehicles''. Hong Kong: Concord Publications Company.
 
* Zaloga, Steven J. 1993. ''ZSU-23-4 Shilka & Soviet Air Defense Vehicles''. Hong Kong: Concord Publications Company.
  
 
{{USSR anti-aircraft guns}}
 
{{USSR anti-aircraft guns}}
 +
{{Italy anti-aircraft guns}}
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{{Israel anti-aircraft guns}}
  
 
[[Category:Anti-aircraft guns]]
 
[[Category:Anti-aircraft guns]]

Latest revision as of 15:59, 25 March 2024

Description

Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.

Vehicles equipped with this weapon

General info

Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.

Available ammunition

  • Default: API-T · HEF-I
  • HEFI-T: HEF-I · HEFI-T · HEF-I · API-T
  • APIT: API-T · API-T · API-T · HEFI-T

Penetration statistics
Ammunition Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
10 m 100 m 500 m 1,000 m 1,500 m 2,000 m
HEF-I 6 6 4 3 2 2
API-T 51 48 36 26 18 13
HEFI-T 6 6 4 3 2 2
Shell details
Ammunition Velocity
(m/s) 		Projectile
mass (kg) 		Fuse delay
(m) 		Fuse sensitivity
(mm) 		Explosive mass
(TNT equivalent) (g) 		Ricochet
0% 50% 100%
HEF-I 980 0.18 0.1 0.1 28.49 79° 80° 81°
API-T 970 0.19 - - - 47° 60° 65°
HEFI-T 970 0.19 0.1 0.1 20.02 79° 80° 81°

Comparison with analogues

Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.

Usage in battles

Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.

Pros and cons

Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.

Pros:

Cons:

History

Main article: History of the ZU-23

In 17 April 1957, the Soviet Council of Ministers ordered development of a radar-guided, self-propelled anti-aircraft system. When it was decided the development would split to a 37 mm system (known as the ZSU-37-2) and a 23 mm system (known as the ZSU-23-4), the development of a quadruple-mounted 23 mm cannon started to arm the ZSU-23-4. Using the 2A14 cannon as the basis, the weapon was modified to fit the vehicle's purpose with the adaption of a water-cooling jacket, an electrical sear mechanism, and a pneumatic charging mechanism. The modified 2A14 was designated the 2A7, most distinguished by its water-cooling jacket and weighing 85 kg (10 kg more than the 2A14's 75 kg). The 2A7 was mounted in the ZSU-23-4 in the "Amur" 2A10 quadruple mounting. The combination of the 2A7 and 2A10 was overall designated the AZP-23.

A view of the AZP-23 installed into the ZSU-23-4

Prototypes of the AZP-23 were produced at plant No.535 in 1963. Initial issues inhibited the weapon's reliability, with the fire rate so high from the combined four autocannons that the case ejection chutes were being clogged by fired casings. Other improvements were made to the barrel cooling, elevation and traverse mechanisms before the AZP-23 was submitted for trials. The AZP-23, along with its parent vehicle the ZSU-23-4, were soon put into production in 1964, with the first deliveries of the weapon system done in 1965. The AZP-23 was configured in the ZSU-23-4 with the RPK-2 "Tobol" radar system and with a total ammunition load of 2,000 rounds in the ZSU-23-4, with the top guns loaded with 480 rounds each and the bottom guns with 520 rounds each.[1]

In 1967, a series of improvements to the 2A7 was demanded by the Soviet Council of Ministers in response to dissatisfied reception of the 23 mm. The barrel cooling had to be improved as well as the barrel life span (from 3,500 rounds to 4,500). The pneumatic charging system was found to be unreliable and was replaced by a pyrotechnic cartridge mechanism. The improved weapon was designated the 2A7M and was introduced in 1973 alongside the ZSU-23-4M.[1]

The AZP-23 cannon along with the RPK-2 "Tobol" radar would make up the ZSU-23-4 overall impressive anti-aircraft firepower, with a combined rate of fire of up to 4,000 rounds per minute from the four cannon barrels and the radar able to lock-on and track targets up to 10 kilometres away (though the cannons effective range was still considered to be 2,500 metres). Comparisons with the American M163 Vulcan Air Defense System put the ZSU-23-4 in a favorable level of having a 66% greater effective range and almost 50% more accurate.[2] The AZP-23 and ZSU-23-4 were distributed as air defense battalions, split into two platoons that had four anti-aircraft units each. This led to one platoon being equipped with ZSU-23-4 and the other with ZSU-57-2, and was later reorganized in the 1970s with the replacement of ZSU-57-2 with Strela-1 missile launchers.

The most prominent conflict the AZP-23 and ZSU-23-4 saw use in is the Yom Kippur War, where the combined air defense network of the Egyptians and Syrians forced Israeli aircraft down to the AZP-23's effective firing range, which was credited with 31 Israeli aircraft losses.[3] In other conflict like the Soviet-Afghanistan War and the Syrian Civil War, the AZP-23's rate of fire and elevation traverse range was effectively used to fight in mountainous and urban terrain respectively. The Afghanistan conflict would lead to the development of the ZSU-23-4M2 "Afghanskii" to carry more ammunition for the AZP-23 cannons.[2]

Media

Videos
ZSU-23-4 Shilka on shooting range - Xunstar

See also

External links

References

Citations
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Koll 2009, 195-200
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Guardia 2015, 20-38
  3. ↑ Zaloga 1993, 2
Bibliography
  • Guardia, Mike. 2015. Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft Guns of the Soviet Union. Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd.
  • Koll, Christian. 2009. Soviet Cannon: A Comprehensive Study of Soviet Guns and Ammunition in Calibres 12.7MM to 57 MM. Austria: self-published.
  • Zaloga, Steven J. 1993. ZSU-23-4 Shilka & Soviet Air Defense Vehicles. Hong Kong: Concord Publications Company.


USSR anti-aircraft guns
7.62 mm  Maxim's
12.7 mm  DShK
14.5 mm  KPVT
23 mm  AZP-23 · ZU-23
25 mm  72-K
30 mm  2A38 · ZK453
37 mm  2A11 · 61-K · Sh-37 · Type 65
57 mm  S-68

Italy anti-aircraft guns
20 mm  Breda Mod.35 · Scotti-IF 20/70 mod.41
40 mm  Bofors DA 40/70
76 mm  OTO-Breda 76/62
  Foreign:
12.7 mm  M2HB (USA)
20 mm  Oerlikon KAD (Swiss)
25 mm  Oerlikon KBA (Swiss)
  Hungary
  Foreign:
23 mm  AZP-23 (USSR)
57 mm  S-68 (USSR)

Israel anti-aircraft guns
20 mm  Hispano 404 (France) · M168 (USA)
23 mm  AZP-23 (USSR)
57 mm  S-68 (USSR)

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