Difference between revisions of "Tor-M1"
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The '''{{Specs|name}}''' ''(GRAU: '''9K331'''; NATO: '''SA-15 Gauntlet'''; commonly known in Chinese as '''道尔-M1''')'' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese SPAA {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Fire and Ice"]]. | The '''{{Specs|name}}''' ''(GRAU: '''9K331'''; NATO: '''SA-15 Gauntlet'''; commonly known in Chinese as '''道尔-M1''')'' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese SPAA {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Fire and Ice"]]. | ||
| − | Sitting at the end of the Chinese SPAA line and one of the more recent military purchases of Russian equipment by the PLAGF, the | + | Sitting at the end of the Chinese SPAA line and one of the more recent military purchases of Russian equipment by the PLAGF, the Tor-M1 also marked the introduction of SPAA systems that can track and engage multiple targets at once; with its 8 cell VLS onboard and great mobility even at such a huge size, as well as its 9M331 SAMs, the Tor-M1 will strike fear to any aerial targets and provides a vital long-range anti-aircraft measure for the Chinese tech tree. |
== General info == | == General info == | ||
| Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}} | {{Specs-Tank-Armour}} | ||
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --> | <!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --> | ||
| − | The chassis of the | + | The chassis of the Tor-M1 (GM-5955) is based on the GM-335 universal chassis, the same as the [[ZPRK 2S6]] in Soviet service. What makes it stands out is the huge size of the battery system; not only does it have overall large dimensions that are barely smaller than the German [[FlaRakRad]], the huge 9K330 "Scrum Half" radar system also easily gives it away during operation so fold down the search radar after confirmed detection for concealment. Its nature of a mobile SPAA battery also means that it does not have any protection against oncoming shots, the overall protection was only rated for rifle-calibre fire or shrapnel so hiding from enemies' guns and cannons is again crucial for its survival. |
'''Armour type:''' | '''Armour type:''' | ||
| + | |||
* Rolled homogeneous armour | * Rolled homogeneous armour | ||
| Line 31: | Line 32: | ||
'''Notes:''' | '''Notes:''' | ||
| + | |||
* Tracks and suspension wheels are 20 mm thick | * Tracks and suspension wheels are 20 mm thick | ||
* Tracking radar is 15 mm structural steel | * Tracking radar is 15 mm structural steel | ||
| Line 37: | Line 39: | ||
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}} | {{Specs-Tank-Mobility}} | ||
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --> | <!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --> | ||
| − | Thanks to the V12 diesel engine and transmission with the same gear ratios on both directions, the | + | Thanks to the V12 diesel engine and transmission with the same gear ratios on both directions, the Tor-M1 is one of the fastest tracked SPAAs, particularly in reversing (almost twice faster than the wheeled [[Type 93]]!). This allows the Tor-M1 to keep up with the team for field air-defense, while having more than enough speed to retreat into cover when necessary. |
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,193|rbMinHp=743}} | {{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,193|rbMinHp=743}} | ||
| Line 51: | Line 53: | ||
{{main|9M331}} | {{main|9M331}} | ||
| − | The | + | The Tor-M1 system has only one type of missile at its disposal - the eight 9M331 missiles inside its 8 VLS cells; thanks to its sufficient speed and advanced electronics, along with the ability to track-while-scan and track 2 targets at once, the Tor-M1 is extremely efficient at long-range anti-aircraft operations. While being one of the most advanced system in game, do remember that the somewhat inferior overload and its around 1.2 km dead-zone due to its (unique) cold, vertical launching method, or in shorter words- terminate any aircrafts as far as you could. |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%" | ||
| Line 116: | Line 118: | ||
== Usage in battles == | == Usage in battles == | ||
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --> | <!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --> | ||
| − | As the long-awaited long-range SPAA for Chinese TT players, | + | To players who played Chinese TT or those who fight against it, Tor-M1 also means the end of them being next-to-hopeless ''(note: before the introduction of Tor-M1, players will have to rely on allied jets or [[J-8B]] with Aspides which could hit high-flyers such as [[MiG-27K]])'' against all the attackers, helicopters or multi-role jets of its tier; while the radar system and the missiles themselves are sufficient to knock-down targets who were flying beyond 8 km, players will have to learn the way to make sure all the 8 missiles onboard hit their targets for the maximum efficiency. |
| + | |||
| + | ====== Time to Fight-back ====== | ||
| + | As the long-awaited long-range SPAA for Chinese TT players, Tor-M1 also introduces some unique features from its counterparts in different countries- the most iconic feature is the unique cold-launch VLS cells onboard that ejects the missile vertically, which then turns and ignites its moTor from a safe distance. While players can enjoy the aesthetic feature of the Tor-M1, this also means that it has a minimal firing range unlike its counterparts with "direct-fire" SAMs: a 1 km dead zone around the vehicle that can be embarrassing when aircraft show up in the radius at tree-top altitude in very rare occasions; do remember Tor is not a SPAAG with guns, so players from PGZ04A will have to make sure nothing comes too close to you given there are not any gunned platform for "CIWS" roles. Though the high elevation of the sight can make sure targets that are high overhead (anywhere before 75°) will face a miserable end thanks to the radar system. The other feature of the Tor-M1 is the capability of TWS with up to 2 tracked targets, if in any occasion when there are multiple targets in range, the system can quickly take down two of the locked targets before moving on to the next wave; do note that the targets must be within a 15°x15° scan zone of the radar and the other target should be locked via the "Select Radar/IRST target to lock on" button. The speed of the GM-5955 chassis also makes it very satisfactory at changing position while the extreme reverse speed can make sure it can retreat to safety with ease. | ||
| + | |||
| + | But do remember that the Tor-M1 is also a huge vehicle (one of the tallest even with radar mast folded, at 5.1 m), both ground vehicles or aircraft can see such a huge vehicle from a distance; so hide the vehicle at all costs and never move in plain open fields - the speed itself most likely won't save the vehicle, and hits from enemy explosives will very likely overpressure the crew.E | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Enemies worth noting: ==== | ||
| + | [[Drones]]- Due to their relatively small size and being high-flyer, drones could be annoying targets to deal with as they are very likely to waste its precious 9M331 missiles; in most cases they would be just a matter of a single missile upon them, but do makes sure make every shot counts and beware of any other aircrafts- players are likely be distracted by drones and missed the others. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Helicopters, especially Ka-series: Although the launch range is up to 12 km and 2 targets at once (within the same scan zone; currently the longest among SPAAs), it's better for Tor-M1 to take them out straight from their bases for the least risk; but if they ever come within their launch radius, do remember to take them down via the IRST tracker that doesn't trigger RWR for best efficiency. They might be aware of continuous lock from radars, but it might not be the case when the battlefield is full of missiles which it triggers their MAWS- they would need some time to determine if that was for their allies or upon them. If players are not confident with the dead-zone of 1.2 km, asking for the help from/ganging with cannon-equipped SPAAGs is also viable as they could eliminate the close-range blind-spots. | ||
| − | + | High-flying jets: While most jets within its range is not a major threat, due to the mechanism of Tor-M1, it's better to find targets at range and at altitude; in most cases, jets are usually within 10 km altitude but not their range, some maths on their position will sometimes find that they are beyond your kill-zone. If players are not confident with the missile hitting targets at such altitude, it would sometimes be necessary to bait them down to better altitude for a better track- they are either likely be destroyed by the missile or disturbed by oncoming missiles. | |
=== Pros and cons === | === Pros and cons === | ||
| Line 135: | Line 147: | ||
* Huge size with radar raised | * Huge size with radar raised | ||
* Only NVD available, no thermal sights | * Only NVD available, no thermal sights | ||
| − | * The missile system has dead zones within 1 km due to its unique | + | * The missile system has dead zones within 1 km due to its unique trajecTory |
| − | == | + | == HisTory == |
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --> | <!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --> | ||
==== The Tor System ==== | ==== The Tor System ==== | ||
Revision as of 22:16, 16 December 2022
Contents
Description
The Tor-M1 (GRAU: 9K331; NATO: SA-15 Gauntlet; commonly known in Chinese as 道尔-M1) is a rank VIII Chinese SPAA with a battle rating of 11.7 (AB/RB/SB). It was introduced in Update "Fire and Ice".
Sitting at the end of the Chinese SPAA line and one of the more recent military purchases of Russian equipment by the PLAGF, the Tor-M1 also marked the introduction of SPAA systems that can track and engage multiple targets at once; with its 8 cell VLS onboard and great mobility even at such a huge size, as well as its 9M331 SAMs, the Tor-M1 will strike fear to any aerial targets and provides a vital long-range anti-aircraft measure for the Chinese tech tree.
General info
Survivability and armour
The chassis of the Tor-M1 (GM-5955) is based on the GM-335 universal chassis, the same as the ZPRK 2S6 in Soviet service. What makes it stands out is the huge size of the battery system; not only does it have overall large dimensions that are barely smaller than the German FlaRakRad, the huge 9K330 "Scrum Half" radar system also easily gives it away during operation so fold down the search radar after confirmed detection for concealment. Its nature of a mobile SPAA battery also means that it does not have any protection against oncoming shots, the overall protection was only rated for rifle-calibre fire or shrapnel so hiding from enemies' guns and cannons is again crucial for its survival.
Armour type:
- Rolled homogeneous armour
| Armour | Front (Slope angle) | Sides | Rear | Roof |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hull | 9 mm Upper (45°) 9 mm Lower (37°) |
9 mm Top 9 mm Bottom |
9 mm | 9 mm |
| Turret | 6 mm Turret front | 6 mm | 6 mm | 6 mm |
Notes:
- Tracks and suspension wheels are 20 mm thick
- Tracking radar is 15 mm structural steel
Mobility
Thanks to the V12 diesel engine and transmission with the same gear ratios on both directions, the Tor-M1 is one of the fastest tracked SPAAs, particularly in reversing (almost twice faster than the wheeled Type 93!). This allows the Tor-M1 to keep up with the team for field air-defense, while having more than enough speed to retreat into cover when necessary.
| Game Mode | Max Speed (km/h) | Weight (tons) | Engine power (horsepower) | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Forward | Reverse | Stock | Upgraded | Stock | Upgraded | ||
| Arcade | 71 | 71 | 37 | 1,193 | 1,488 | 32.24 | 40.22 |
| Realistic | 65 | 65 | 743 | 780 | 20.08 | 21.08 | |
Modifications and economy
| Mobility | Protection | Firepower | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
Armaments
Main armament
The Tor-M1 system has only one type of missile at its disposal - the eight 9M331 missiles inside its 8 VLS cells; thanks to its sufficient speed and advanced electronics, along with the ability to track-while-scan and track 2 targets at once, the Tor-M1 is extremely efficient at long-range anti-aircraft operations. While being one of the most advanced system in game, do remember that the somewhat inferior overload and its around 1.2 km dead-zone due to its (unique) cold, vertical launching method, or in shorter words- terminate any aircrafts as far as you could.
| 9M331 missile | Turret rotation speed (°/s) | Reloading rate (seconds) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mode | Capacity (Belt) | Vertical | Horizontal | Stabilizer | Stock | Upgraded | Full | Expert | Aced | Stock | Full | Expert | Aced |
| Arcade | 8 (8) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 70.4 | 97.5 | 118.4 | 130.9 | 139.3 | 19.50 | 17.25 | 15.90 | 15.00 |
| Realistic | 47.6 | 56.0 | 68.0 | 75.2 | 80.0 | ||||||||
Ammunition
| Penetration statistics | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammunition | Type of warhead |
Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm) | |||||
| 10 m | 100 m | 500 m | 1,000 m | 1,500 m | 2,000 m | ||
| 9M331 | SAM | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
| Missile details | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammunition | Type of warhead |
Velocity (m/s) |
Range (m) |
Projectile mass (kg) |
Fuse delay (m) |
Fuse sensitivity (mm) |
Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (kg) |
Ricochet | ||
| 0% | 50% | 100% | ||||||||
| 9M331 | SAM | 850 | 12,000 | 167 | 1 | 0.1 | 8.16 | 79° | 80° | 81° |
Ammo racks
| Full ammo |
1st rack empty |
Visual discrepancy |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 (+1) | No |
Usage in battles
To players who played Chinese TT or those who fight against it, Tor-M1 also means the end of them being next-to-hopeless (note: before the introduction of Tor-M1, players will have to rely on allied jets or J-8B with Aspides which could hit high-flyers such as MiG-27K) against all the attackers, helicopters or multi-role jets of its tier; while the radar system and the missiles themselves are sufficient to knock-down targets who were flying beyond 8 km, players will have to learn the way to make sure all the 8 missiles onboard hit their targets for the maximum efficiency.
Time to Fight-back
As the long-awaited long-range SPAA for Chinese TT players, Tor-M1 also introduces some unique features from its counterparts in different countries- the most iconic feature is the unique cold-launch VLS cells onboard that ejects the missile vertically, which then turns and ignites its moTor from a safe distance. While players can enjoy the aesthetic feature of the Tor-M1, this also means that it has a minimal firing range unlike its counterparts with "direct-fire" SAMs: a 1 km dead zone around the vehicle that can be embarrassing when aircraft show up in the radius at tree-top altitude in very rare occasions; do remember Tor is not a SPAAG with guns, so players from PGZ04A will have to make sure nothing comes too close to you given there are not any gunned platform for "CIWS" roles. Though the high elevation of the sight can make sure targets that are high overhead (anywhere before 75°) will face a miserable end thanks to the radar system. The other feature of the Tor-M1 is the capability of TWS with up to 2 tracked targets, if in any occasion when there are multiple targets in range, the system can quickly take down two of the locked targets before moving on to the next wave; do note that the targets must be within a 15°x15° scan zone of the radar and the other target should be locked via the "Select Radar/IRST target to lock on" button. The speed of the GM-5955 chassis also makes it very satisfactory at changing position while the extreme reverse speed can make sure it can retreat to safety with ease.
But do remember that the Tor-M1 is also a huge vehicle (one of the tallest even with radar mast folded, at 5.1 m), both ground vehicles or aircraft can see such a huge vehicle from a distance; so hide the vehicle at all costs and never move in plain open fields - the speed itself most likely won't save the vehicle, and hits from enemy explosives will very likely overpressure the crew.E
Enemies worth noting:
Drones- Due to their relatively small size and being high-flyer, drones could be annoying targets to deal with as they are very likely to waste its precious 9M331 missiles; in most cases they would be just a matter of a single missile upon them, but do makes sure make every shot counts and beware of any other aircrafts- players are likely be distracted by drones and missed the others.
Helicopters, especially Ka-series: Although the launch range is up to 12 km and 2 targets at once (within the same scan zone; currently the longest among SPAAs), it's better for Tor-M1 to take them out straight from their bases for the least risk; but if they ever come within their launch radius, do remember to take them down via the IRST tracker that doesn't trigger RWR for best efficiency. They might be aware of continuous lock from radars, but it might not be the case when the battlefield is full of missiles which it triggers their MAWS- they would need some time to determine if that was for their allies or upon them. If players are not confident with the dead-zone of 1.2 km, asking for the help from/ganging with cannon-equipped SPAAGs is also viable as they could eliminate the close-range blind-spots.
High-flying jets: While most jets within its range is not a major threat, due to the mechanism of Tor-M1, it's better to find targets at range and at altitude; in most cases, jets are usually within 10 km altitude but not their range, some maths on their position will sometimes find that they are beyond your kill-zone. If players are not confident with the missile hitting targets at such altitude, it would sometimes be necessary to bait them down to better altitude for a better track- they are either likely be destroyed by the missile or disturbed by oncoming missiles.
Pros and cons
Pros:
- Excellent mobility for such a huge vehicle with very high reverse speed
- 8 powerful, long-range SAMs
- Radar system with up to 30 km detection range
- IRST tracking for better concealment against enemy RWR
Cons:
- Lightly protection rated up to rifle-calibre fire, easily overpressured
- Huge size with radar raised
- Only NVD available, no thermal sights
- The missile system has dead zones within 1 km due to its unique trajecTory
HisTory
The Tor System
The Soviet Army developed a complete and extensive field air defense network to repel possible oncoming air assaults from their enemies, with a great variety of missile systems for short-range defense. Although there are SA-8 Gecko/9K33 Osa systems for the army, the Soviet Armed Force still requested a successor to the 9K33 system with land/sea-based systems for different platforms, tackled by the joint efforts of Antey, Fakel and Altair (now part of the Almaz-Antey). After extensive tests under the restrictions from the armed forces and the use of their latest electronics including PESA radar, the ground-based version Tor (9K330) entered service in March 1986. The -M1 variant (9K331) was a further improvement for the system including the capability of attacking 2 targets simultaneously, revised missiles, new FCS, as well as new electronics for complicated battlefields with electronic interferences. The new system joined the Soviet Army in 1991.
While they were used extensively by the succeeding countries of the Soviet Union and some export customers in various conflicts, the system was also involved in the accidental shoot-down of Ukrainian International Airlines flight 752 (PS/AUI752) in early 2020 over Tehran.
Chinese Purchase
Although the PLAGF had developed some systems of the HQ (HongQi 红旗; Red Banner) family of SAMs including HQ-7 (licensed French Crotale EDIR) and domestic HQ-61 for short-range field air-defense, the load per vehicle and range were deemed insufficient. PLAGF signed the contract with Rosoboronexport for total of 35 systems from 1997 to 1998[1]; these systems including the missiles were then reverse-engineered and improved with new domestic electronics and later known as the HQ-17 system, distinguished by a shorter, rectangular "solid" PESA search radar and AESA tracking radar, as well as longer range (15 km) than the imported -M1 systems.
Devblog
The "Tor" short-range surface-to-air missile system was put into service with the Soviet Army in 1986. At that time, "Tor" was one of the most advanced air defense missile systems in the world, but almost immediately after commissioning, the Antey Concern initiated an upgrade program. As a result of the modernization, "Tor" received an additional fire control channel, the kill ability of the missile warhead increased, and the algorithms for hitting low-flying targets were improved. The updated system designated Tor-M1 was successfully tested in 1989 and soon after entered service with the Russian army in 1991. At the moment, Tor-M1 is serving in the Russian army, as well as actively exporting.
Media
Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.
See also
Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:
- reference to the series of the vehicles;
- links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.
External links
References
| China anti-aircraft vehicles | |
|---|---|
| Radar SPAAG | PGZ09 |
| Gun and Missile SPAAG | PGZ04A |
| Missile SPAA | Antelope |
| Other | ZSD63/PG87 · ZSL92 · WZ305 |
| Germany | ␗Sd.Kfz.222 |
| North Vietnam | Phòng không T-34 |
| USA | CCKW 353 (M45) · ␗M42 |
| USSR | Tor-M1 |
