Difference between revisions of "AML-90 (Israel)"
Colok76286 (talk | contribs) (Undo revision 161482 by U121164631 (talk) Not relevant to Israel) |
(Added a basic History page to the Israeli AML 90, as well as reworked Description. If there's any issues, let me know and I will aim to fix quickly.) (Tag: Visual edit) |
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== General info == | == General info == | ||
=== Survivability and armour === | === Survivability and armour === | ||
| − | + | The AML 90 armoured car is a light reconnaissance vehicle that was developed by the French company Panhard in the late 1950s. It is based on the earlier AML 60, which mounted a 60 mm mortar as its main weapon. The AML 90 replaced the mortar with a DEFA low-pressure 90 mm rifled gun capable of firing high-explosive and high-explosive anti-tank shells. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | The AML 90 was used by several countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, but one of its most notable users was Israel. Israel acquired about 23 AML 90s from France in the early 1960s, and used them extensively in the Six-Day War of 1967 and the Yom Kippur War of 1973, amongst others. | |
| + | |||
| + | The AML 90 was designed to be fast, agile, and air-transportable, making it suitable for various terrains and climates. Sadly, these traits came at the cost of the AML 90's armour, as the {{PAGENAME}} lacks protection against heavy machine gun fire and is susceptible to damage by light machine gun fire. The crew is located in a rather small compartment, making the armoured car prompt to being knocked out by a single shot from almost any direction. It is also vulnerable to overpressure, meaning chemical energy ammunition will take out your vehicle regardless of where they impact. A kinetic energy ammunition can damage your AML through the projectile itself or the spalling generated but the inflicted damages are lesser and has a higher chance to knock out the crew members or critical modules than to destroy the vehicle. It should be noted that the thin armour has a chance to not activate fused shells like APHE, APCBC, etc, although it will trigger HEAT, HEATFS, HE and ATGM. | ||
'''Armour type:''' | '''Armour type:''' | ||
| Line 127: | Line 129: | ||
'''Pros:''' | '''Pros:''' | ||
| − | * Is very short and narrow, can effectively hide itself and squeeze in-between tanks while fighting in a city | + | * Is very short and narrow, can effectively hide itself and squeeze in-between tanks , shrubs and bushes while fighting in a city |
* High speed on road (~50-80 km/h), faster than tracked light tanks like [[M41A1]], can sometimes rush through enemy fire while taking superficial damage | * High speed on road (~50-80 km/h), faster than tracked light tanks like [[M41A1]], can sometimes rush through enemy fire while taking superficial damage | ||
| − | * 90 mm HEATFS is lethal thanks to its high penetration. Can go through almost all common tanks like [[Leopard 1 (Family)|Leopard 1]] or [[T-44 | + | * Generous speed off road (~40-50 km/h), allowing to be faster most medium tanks such as the [[T-54 (1949)|T-54]] and [[Leopard 1]] although it may lag behind some tracked light tanks such as the [[Wiesel 1A4]]. |
| + | * 90 mm HEATFS is lethal thanks to its high penetration. Can go through almost all common tanks like [[Leopard 1 (Family)|Leopard 1]] or [[T-44]] | ||
* -18 km/h reverse speed can pull it out of a dangerous situation rather quickly | * -18 km/h reverse speed can pull it out of a dangerous situation rather quickly | ||
* Smoke grenades can conceal the vehicle when needed | * Smoke grenades can conceal the vehicle when needed | ||
| Line 139: | Line 142: | ||
* Must be used without expert crew against elite crews of other nations, making it instantly inferior to the same tank of other nations at first | * Must be used without expert crew against elite crews of other nations, making it instantly inferior to the same tank of other nations at first | ||
* Armour is so poor that even German 7.92 mm can penetrate it at close range, laughably easy to destroy with HMG even over long range, especially from the side | * Armour is so poor that even German 7.92 mm can penetrate it at close range, laughably easy to destroy with HMG even over long range, especially from the side | ||
| − | * HEATFS has limited post-penetration damage especially against spacious tanks like [[M60 (Family)|M60]] | + | * HEATFS has limited post-penetration damage especially against spacious tanks like [[M60 (Family)|M60]] and may fail to damage tanks like the [[T32E1]] |
* HEATFS of AML-90 is slightly slower than general tank ammunition and thus its trajectory is quite curved, long range shots require practice | * HEATFS of AML-90 is slightly slower than general tank ammunition and thus its trajectory is quite curved, long range shots require practice | ||
* Wheeled design and low mass makes it extremely sluggish when turning or driving through obstacles | * Wheeled design and low mass makes it extremely sluggish when turning or driving through obstacles | ||
| Line 145: | Line 148: | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --> | <!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --> | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | == History[edit] == | ||
| + | During the second World War, the French Army and their [[wikipedia:Free_France|Free French]] successors made extensive use of lightly armoured reconnaissance vehicles , such as the [[AMD.35|AMD 35]] and [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ Laffly S15.] After the war ended, it became less desirable to maintain this plethora of older, now antiquated armoured cars. Successors to these designs were needed, and in July 1945 Paris issued a requirement for a design combining the best aspects of previous designs. This led to the 8x8 [[E.B.R. (Family)|Panhard EBR]] which entered service in 1950. Similarly, in 1956 the French Ministry of Defense was persuaded to commission a replacement for the Daimler Ferret scout car, which only had a 7.62mm Browning machine gun as armament. Also manufactured by Panhard, the successor was the AML family of cars, which entered service in 1961. The AML-90 was one of these variants created, which would be exported to many countries including South Africa, which also influenced the AML's development. | ||
| + | |||
| + | One of the most notable users of the AML-90 was Israel, who were impressed by the vehicle's mobility and compact size.<ref>''AML 90'' (Exhibit), Yad La-Shiryon, Latrun.: Armored Corps (Israel), 2015</ref> Israel received their first batch of 29 vehicles by the end of 1963, where they were assigned to the reconnaissance units of the IDF, where they performed scouting, screening, and raiding missions. The AML-90s saw action in several conflicts with Israel’s Arab neighbours, such as the Six-Day War in 1967<ref>Nachum Baruchy: ''The Hare'l (10th) Armoured Brigade In The Six Day War''. Ariel Publishing, Jerusalem. 2010 (In Hebrew).</ref>, the War of Attrition<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panhard_AML#cite_note-Update-18]''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3RgxAQAAIAAJ&q=Damiya Defence Update (International)]''. Defence Update G.m.b.H., 1984, 1984–85 Volume Collected Issues 48–58</ref> from 1967 to 1970, and the Yom Kippur War in 1973, where the AML 90 demonstrated their mobility, firepower, and reliability in the harsh desert terrain. They often engaged enemy tanks and armoured vehicles at long distances, using their 90 mm HEATFS shells to penetrate their armour. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Of particular note is the the Arab–Israeli conflict , where the AML-90 achieved some of the highest armour-to-armour kill ratios achieved with the AML platform to date, which included the destruction of [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=bXtTAAAAYAAJ&q=Egyptian+T-54s&redir_esc=y 13 Jordanian and Egyptian T-54's]. Ultimately though, the AML 90s were outmatched by the newer Soviet-made tanks and anti-tank missiles wielded by the Arabs, and as a result suffered major losses. | ||
| + | |||
| + | <small>1: ''AML 90'' (Exhibit), Yad La-Shiryon, Latrun.: Armored Corps (Israel), 2015</small> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <small>2: Nachum Baruchy: ''The Hare'l (10th) Armoured Brigade In The Six Day War''. Ariel Publishing, Jerusalem. 2010 (In Hebrew). Baruchy States that the 10th Brigade had one company (9 vehicles) of Panhard AML's.</small> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <small>3: ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3RgxAQAAIAAJ&q=Damiya Defence Update (International)]''. Defence Update G.m.b.H., 1984, 1984–85 Volume Collected Issues 48–58</small> | ||
== Media == | == Media == | ||
| Line 151: | Line 166: | ||
;Skins | ;Skins | ||
| + | |||
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=il_aml_90 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.] | * [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=il_aml_90 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.] | ||
| Line 159: | Line 175: | ||
;Related development | ;Related development | ||
| + | |||
* [[AML-90 (Family)]] | * [[AML-90 (Family)]] | ||
Revision as of 11:56, 2 August 2023
| This page is about the light tank AML-90 (Israel). For other versions, see AML-90 (Family). |
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Contents
Description
The AML-90 is a rank IV Israeli light tank with a battle rating of 7.0 (AB) and 7.7 (RB/SB). It was introduced in Update "Wind of Change".
General info
Survivability and armour
The AML 90 armoured car is a light reconnaissance vehicle that was developed by the French company Panhard in the late 1950s. It is based on the earlier AML 60, which mounted a 60 mm mortar as its main weapon. The AML 90 replaced the mortar with a DEFA low-pressure 90 mm rifled gun capable of firing high-explosive and high-explosive anti-tank shells.
The AML 90 was used by several countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, but one of its most notable users was Israel. Israel acquired about 23 AML 90s from France in the early 1960s, and used them extensively in the Six-Day War of 1967 and the Yom Kippur War of 1973, amongst others.
The AML 90 was designed to be fast, agile, and air-transportable, making it suitable for various terrains and climates. Sadly, these traits came at the cost of the AML 90's armour, as the AML-90 (Israel) lacks protection against heavy machine gun fire and is susceptible to damage by light machine gun fire. The crew is located in a rather small compartment, making the armoured car prompt to being knocked out by a single shot from almost any direction. It is also vulnerable to overpressure, meaning chemical energy ammunition will take out your vehicle regardless of where they impact. A kinetic energy ammunition can damage your AML through the projectile itself or the spalling generated but the inflicted damages are lesser and has a higher chance to knock out the crew members or critical modules than to destroy the vehicle. It should be noted that the thin armour has a chance to not activate fused shells like APHE, APCBC, etc, although it will trigger HEAT, HEATFS, HE and ATGM.
Armour type:
- Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, turret)
- Structural steel (mudguards, storage boxes)
- Wheel (tires)
| Armour | Front (Slope angle) | Sides | Rear | Roof |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hull | 10 mm (51°) Upper glacis 10 mm (17°) Upper glacis |
10 mm (4°) Front half 10 mm (6°) Rear half |
10 mm Upper plate 10 mm (46°) Upper glacis 10 mm (20°) Lower glacis |
10 mm (40°) Front glacis 10 mm (44°) Rear glacis |
| Turret | 12 mm (30°) Turret front 12 mm (8°) Gun mantlet |
10 mm (17-21°) 10 mm Viewports |
10 mm (16°) | 10 mm (16°) Front part 10 mm Rear part 8 mm Gunner hatch |
| Cupola | 8 mm (spherical) | |||
Notes:
- Wheels are 10 mm thick and a spare wheel covers the left side of the hull.
- Storage boxes and mudguards are 5 mm thick.
- The belly is 8 mm thick.
- The gun barrel is 20 mm thick.
Mobility
Speedforward / back
AB101 / 20 km/h
RB and SB91 / 18 km/h
Number of gears10 forward
2 back
Weight5.5 t
Engine power
AB172 hp
RB and SB90 hp
Power-to-weight ratio
AB31.3 hp/t
RB and SB16.4 hp/t
| Game Mode | Max Speed (km/h) | Weight (tons) | Engine power (horsepower) | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Forward | Reverse | Stock | Upgraded | Stock | Upgraded | ||
| Arcade | 101 | 20 | 5.5 | 139 | 172 | 25.27 | 31.27 |
| Realistic | 91 | 18 | 80 | 90 | 14.55 | 16.36 | |
Modifications and economy
Repair costBasic → Reference
AB2 445 → 3 550 
RB2 954 → 4 289
SB3 995 → 5 800
Total cost of modifications52 700 
90 600
Talisman cost1 700 
Crew training57 000
Experts200 000
Aces800
Research Aces520 000
Reward for battleAB / RB / SB
110 / 140 / 190 %
172 / 172 / 172 %
| Mobility | Protection | Firepower | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
Armaments
Main armament
Ammunition20 rounds
First-order10 rounds
Reloadbasic crew → aces
8.7 → 6.7 s
Vertical guidance-8° / 15°
| 90 mm DEFA F1 | Turret rotation speed (°/s) | Reloading rate (seconds) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mode | Capacity | Vertical | Horizontal | Stabilizer | Stock | Upgraded | Full | Expert | Aced | Stock | Full | Expert | Aced |
| Arcade | 20 | -8°/+15° | ±180° | N/A | 23.8 | 32.9 | 40.0 | 44.2 | 47.1 | 8.71 | 7.71 | 7.10 | 6.70 |
| Realistic | 14.9 | 17.5 | 21.3 | 23.5 | 25.0 | ||||||||
Ammunition
| Penetration statistics | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammunition | Type of warhead |
Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm) | |||||
| 10 m | 100 m | 500 m | 1,000 m | 1,500 m | 2,000 m | ||
| OCC 60-62 | HEATFS | 320 | 320 | 320 | 320 | 320 | 320 |
| OE 90 F1 | HE | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Shell details | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammunition | Type of warhead |
Velocity (m/s) |
Projectile mass (kg) |
Fuse delay (m) |
Fuse sensitivity (mm) |
Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (g) |
Ricochet | |||||
| 0% | 50% | 100% | ||||||||||
| OCC 60-62 | HEATFS | 750 | 8.95 | 0.05 | 0.1 | 877.7 | 65° | 72° | 77° | |||
| OE 90 F1 | HE | 640 | 10.45 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 945 | 79° | 80° | 81° | |||
| Smoke shell characteristics | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammunition | Velocity (m/s) |
Projectile mass (kg) |
Screen radius (m) |
Screen deploy time (s) |
Screen hold time (s) |
Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (g) |
| OFUM PH90-F2 | 640 | 10.2 | 13 | 5 | 20 | 50 |
Ammo racks
Ammo racks of the AML-90 (Israel)
| Full ammo |
1st rack empty |
2nd rack empty |
3rd rack empty |
4th rack empty |
Visual discrepancy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 17 (+3) | 11 (+9) | 6 (+14) | 1 (+19) | No |
Notes:
- Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
- Racks 3 and 4 are first stage ammo racks. They total 10 shells and get filled first when loading up the tank.
- These racks are also emptied early: the rack depletion order at full capacity is: 3 - 4 - 1 - 2.
- Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammunition from rack 1 then 2 into ready rack 4 then 3. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready racks.
Machine guns
7.62 mm A-A-F1N machine gun (coaxial)
Ammunition2 200 rounds
Belt capacity100 rounds
Reloadbasic crew → aces
10.4 → 8.0 s
Fire rate900 shots/min
Ammunition800 rounds
Belt capacity100 rounds
Reloadbasic crew → aces
10.4 → 8.0 s
Fire rate900 shots/min
| 7.62 mm A-A-F1N | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mount | Capacity (Belt) | Fire rate | Vertical | Horizontal |
| Pintle | 800 (100) | 900 | -10°/+40° | ±120° |
| Coaxial | 2,200 (100) | 900 | N/A | N/A |
Usage in battles
Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).
Pros and cons
Pros:
- Is very short and narrow, can effectively hide itself and squeeze in-between tanks , shrubs and bushes while fighting in a city
- High speed on road (~50-80 km/h), faster than tracked light tanks like M41A1, can sometimes rush through enemy fire while taking superficial damage
- Generous speed off road (~40-50 km/h), allowing to be faster most medium tanks such as the T-54 and Leopard 1 although it may lag behind some tracked light tanks such as the Wiesel 1A4.
- 90 mm HEATFS is lethal thanks to its high penetration. Can go through almost all common tanks like Leopard 1 or T-44
- -18 km/h reverse speed can pull it out of a dangerous situation rather quickly
- Smoke grenades can conceal the vehicle when needed
- Stable hull, driving at maximum speed on flat terrain does not affect accuracy too much
Cons:
- Cannon itself isn't stabilised in any way, needs significant amount of time to aim after driving over a hill or any slope (particularly with the low "targeting" crew skill)
- Must be used without expert crew against elite crews of other nations, making it instantly inferior to the same tank of other nations at first
- Armour is so poor that even German 7.92 mm can penetrate it at close range, laughably easy to destroy with HMG even over long range, especially from the side
- HEATFS has limited post-penetration damage especially against spacious tanks like M60 and may fail to damage tanks like the T32E1
- HEATFS of AML-90 is slightly slower than general tank ammunition and thus its trajectory is quite curved, long range shots require practice
- Wheeled design and low mass makes it extremely sluggish when turning or driving through obstacles
History
History[edit]
During the second World War, the French Army and their Free French successors made extensive use of lightly armoured reconnaissance vehicles , such as the AMD 35 and Laffly S15. After the war ended, it became less desirable to maintain this plethora of older, now antiquated armoured cars. Successors to these designs were needed, and in July 1945 Paris issued a requirement for a design combining the best aspects of previous designs. This led to the 8x8 Panhard EBR which entered service in 1950. Similarly, in 1956 the French Ministry of Defense was persuaded to commission a replacement for the Daimler Ferret scout car, which only had a 7.62mm Browning machine gun as armament. Also manufactured by Panhard, the successor was the AML family of cars, which entered service in 1961. The AML-90 was one of these variants created, which would be exported to many countries including South Africa, which also influenced the AML's development.
One of the most notable users of the AML-90 was Israel, who were impressed by the vehicle's mobility and compact size.[1] Israel received their first batch of 29 vehicles by the end of 1963, where they were assigned to the reconnaissance units of the IDF, where they performed scouting, screening, and raiding missions. The AML-90s saw action in several conflicts with Israel’s Arab neighbours, such as the Six-Day War in 1967[2], the War of Attrition[3] from 1967 to 1970, and the Yom Kippur War in 1973, where the AML 90 demonstrated their mobility, firepower, and reliability in the harsh desert terrain. They often engaged enemy tanks and armoured vehicles at long distances, using their 90 mm HEATFS shells to penetrate their armour.
Of particular note is the the Arab–Israeli conflict , where the AML-90 achieved some of the highest armour-to-armour kill ratios achieved with the AML platform to date, which included the destruction of 13 Jordanian and Egyptian T-54's. Ultimately though, the AML 90s were outmatched by the newer Soviet-made tanks and anti-tank missiles wielded by the Arabs, and as a result suffered major losses.
1: AML 90 (Exhibit), Yad La-Shiryon, Latrun.: Armored Corps (Israel), 2015
2: Nachum Baruchy: The Hare'l (10th) Armoured Brigade In The Six Day War. Ariel Publishing, Jerusalem. 2010 (In Hebrew). Baruchy States that the 10th Brigade had one company (9 vehicles) of Panhard AML's.
3: Defence Update (International). Defence Update G.m.b.H., 1984, 1984–85 Volume Collected Issues 48–58
Media
- Skins
See also
- Related development
External links
Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:
- topic on the official game forum;
- other literature.
| Panhard | |
|---|---|
| Armoured Cars | AML-90 |
| AMD.35 | AMD.35 · AMD.35 (SA35) |
| E.B.R. | E.B.R. (1951) · E.B.R. (1954) · E.B.R. (1963) |
| Export | AML-90 |
| Israel light tanks | |
|---|---|
- ↑ AML 90 (Exhibit), Yad La-Shiryon, Latrun.: Armored Corps (Israel), 2015
- ↑ Nachum Baruchy: The Hare'l (10th) Armoured Brigade In The Six Day War. Ariel Publishing, Jerusalem. 2010 (In Hebrew).
- ↑ [1]Defence Update (International). Defence Update G.m.b.H., 1984, 1984–85 Volume Collected Issues 48–58
