Difference between revisions of "Tortoise"

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== Description ==
 
== Description ==
−
''In the description, the first part needs to be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert the screenshot of the vehicle. If the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, they will immediately understand what kind of vehicle it is talking about.''
+
<!--''In the description, the first part needs to be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert the screenshot of the vehicle. If the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, they will immediately understand what kind of vehicle it is talking about.''-->
 +
[[File:GarageImage_Tortoise.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
 +
{{break}}
 +
The '''A39 Tortoise''' is a Rank IV British tank destroyer with a battle rating of 6.7 (AB/RB) and 6.3 (SB). It was released along with the entire British tree line in [[Update 1.55 "Royal Armour"]]. A huge casemate structure made as an assault vehicle akin to the American's [[105mm_Gun_Motor_Carriage_T95|T95]], the Tortoise presents thick raw sloped armour with a unique heavy punching 94 mm cannon.
 +
 
 +
The Tortoise, as its name suggest, sacrifices speed to survivability.
 +
 
 +
'''Armour'''<br>
 +
With its cast 152 mm sloped armour, the Tortoise can survive most head on encounters. The area around the gun mantlet is 215 mm thick with a flat surface under the gunner's optics. It has a 55 mm plate (75°) under the gun and a 170 mm semi-rounded LFP. Sides are 152 mm thick. The engine deck's side armour is 101.6 mm thick with an asymmetry on the left. Rear armour is 100-110 mm thick flat plates. At this BR, there are not many tanks that can penetrate such thick material from the front. If used correctly, this vehicle should only get out of battles with a few 75, 88 and 122 mm scratches.
 +
 
 +
If, by any chance, an enemy gets through this massive steel casing, there is no less than '''7''' ''spaced out'' crew members to soak up damage. Most of the time, the AA gunner's cupola gets penetrated, since it is only 100 mm flat armour. AP (and APDS) shells will only disable the AA defenses while any APHE shell may incapacitate the driver and 1 or 2 loaders. If unlucky, it will detonate the ''massive ammo rack'' lying on the floor. Another common angle of attack is the machine gunner's port. Once again, AP shots will kill 2-3 non-essential crew members (machine gunner, commander, loader) and APHE shells may even kill the gunner. Sometimes, when getting too exposed, the 170 mm almost flat LFP gets shot at. This will usually disable the gunner, transmission and even ignite an ammo rack if there's enough explosive. A few highly penetrating tanks may shoot through the flat 215 mm surface underneath the gunner's optics. This usually means death if it happens to be an [[IS-2]], [[Pz.Kpfw. VI Ausf. B (H)|Tiger&nbsp;II&nbsp;(H)]] since there are ammo racks all around the gunner. Any  penetrating hit to the side usually means death (if not immediate, the following shot should be the last). The cannon barrel is often targeted by players: its large and thin muzzle brake tends to be damaged easily. Note that some large HE shells may tear through the top armour, wrecking havoc in the crew compartment.
 +
 
 +
'''Mobility'''<br>
 +
Such a great armour plays heavily on mobility. With a max speed of 20 km/h in both directions, neutral steering and wide tracks, this tank has good enough mobility to get into position and fire on the enemy. It is not advised to travel up to the frontlines since it will only expose weak spots, make flanking easier, and take a really long time due to poor max speed.
 +
 
 +
'''Firepower'''<br>
 +
Unlike other British Rank IV tanks, the Tortoise does not fire APDS or HESH ammunition, it relies on pure AP shells. Fortunately, these large caliber rounds are roughly similar to [[Ordnance QF 20-pounder|20-pounder cannon's]] APDS, meaning the learning curve from the [[Tank Medium Gun Charioteer Mk.VII|Charioteer Mk VII]] not too steep. Plus, these 94 mm shells are ''stock rounds'' in the A39 meaning they're free to use.
 +
 
 +
The secondary armament on this tank is an AA turret with twin-mounted [[ZB-53|BESA]] MG, good for dealing with low-flying planes and even some bombers, although these MGs lack the power of cannons for aircraft encountered in mixed battles at this BR. Since this turret is the main weak spot on this tank's frontal armour, it is often disabled in the first few shots.
  
 
== General info ==
 
== General info ==
 
=== Survivability and armour ===
 
=== Survivability and armour ===
−
''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpfull for survival in combat?''
+
<!--''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpfull for survival in combat?''
  
−
''If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''
+
''If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''-->
 +
'''Armour type:'''
 +
* Cast homogeneous armour
 +
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Side hull, Rear hull, Hull roof, Superstructure roof)
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 +
|-
 +
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
 +
|-
 +
| Hull || 55 mm (75°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 170 mm (3-71°) ''Lower glacis'' || 110 + 50.8 mm || 100 mm (10-45°) || 25 mm
 +
|-
 +
| Superstructure || 215 mm (0-59°), 152 mm (0-45°) ''Front armour'' <br/> 96 + 80 + 152 mm ''Gun mantlet''|| 152 mm || 110 mm (0-7°) || 50.8 mm
 +
|-
 +
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
 +
|-
 +
| Cupola || 101.6 mm || 25 mm
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
'''Notes:'''
 +
* Suspension wheels and bogies are 20 mm thick while tracks are 30 mm thick.
 +
* Tracks on the side of the Tortoise give an additional 30 mm of armour.
 +
* The steel boxes on the side of the rear of the Tortoise grant only an extra 5 mm of armour.
  
 
=== Mobility ===
 
=== Mobility ===
−
''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and maneuverability as well as the maximum speed forward and backward.''
+
<!--''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and maneuverability as well as the maximum speed forward and backward.''-->
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 +
|-
 +
!colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
 +
|-
 +
! Weight (tons)
 +
!colspan="1" | Add-on Armor<br>weight (tons)
 +
!colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
 +
|-
 +
|rowspan="2" | 81.3 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 20.6 (AB)
 +
|-
 +
|19.0 (RB/SB)
 +
|-
 +
!colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
 +
|-
 +
!colspan="1" | Mode
 +
!Stock
 +
!Upgraded
 +
|-
 +
|''Arcade''
 +
|923
 +
|___
 +
|-
 +
|''Realistic/Simulator''
 +
|575
 +
|650
 +
|-
 +
!colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
 +
|-
 +
!colspan="1" | Mode
 +
!Stock
 +
!Upgraded
 +
|-
 +
|''Arcade''
 +
|11.35
 +
|__.__
 +
|-
 +
|''Realistic/Simulator''
 +
|7.07
 +
|7.99
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
 
== Armaments ==
 
== Armaments ==
 
=== Main armament ===
 
=== Main armament ===
−
''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibilty of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''
+
<!--''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibilty of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''-->
 +
{{main|Ordnance QF 32-pounder (94 mm)}}
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="6" | [[Ordnance QF 32-pounder (94 mm)|94 mm OQF 32-pounder]]
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
 +
! rowspan="1" | Vertical <br> guidance
 +
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal <br> guidance
 +
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
 +
|-
 +
| colspan="3" | 60 || -10°/+18° || ±20° || N/A
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
 +
|-
 +
! style="width:4em" |Mode
 +
! style="width:4em" |Stock
 +
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
 +
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
 +
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
 +
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
 +
|-
 +
| ''Arcade'' || 5.90 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
 +
|-
 +
| ''Realistic'' || 5.90 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
 +
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
 +
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
 +
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
 +
|-
 +
| 11.80 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
===== Ammunition =====
 +
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
 +
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
 +
|-
 +
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
 +
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of <br /> warhead
 +
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
 +
|-
 +
! 10m
 +
! 100m
 +
! 500m
 +
! 1000m
 +
! 1500m
 +
! 2000m
 +
|-
 +
| Shot Mk.1 || APCBC ||243 || 239 || 228 || 212 || 199 || 189
 +
|-
 +
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
 +
! colspan="11" | Shell details
 +
|-
 +
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
 +
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of <br /> warhead
 +
! rowspan="2" |Velocity <br /> in m/s
 +
! rowspan="2" |Projectile<br />Mass in kg
 +
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
 +
''in m:''
 +
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
 +
''in mm:''
 +
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g<br /> (TNT equivalent):''
 +
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° <br> from horizontal:''
 +
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
 +
|-
 +
! 0%
 +
! 50%
 +
! 100%
 +
|-
 +
| Shot Mk.1 || APCBC || 1043 || 15 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
 +
|-
 +
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 1043 || 13 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 920 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
−
=== Additional armament ===
+
===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
−
''Some tanks are armed with several guns in one or more turrets. Evaluate the additional weaponry and give advice on its use. Describe the ammunition available for additional weaponry. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage. If there is no additional weaponry remove this subsection.''
+
[[File:Ammoracks_Tortoise.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the Tortoise.]]
 +
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
 +
|-
 +
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full<br /> ammo
 +
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Ammo<br/>Part
 +
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st<br />  rack empty
 +
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd<br />  rack empty
 +
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd<br />  rack empty
 +
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th<br />  rack empty
 +
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th<br />  rack empty
 +
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual<br /> discrepancy
 +
|-
 +
|| '''60''' || style="text-align:right" | ''Projectiles''<br />''Propellants'' || 54&nbsp;''(+6)''<br />26&nbsp;''(+34)'' || 47&nbsp;''(+13)''<br />19&nbsp;''(+41)'' || 41&nbsp;''(+19)''<br />13&nbsp;''(+47)'' || 33&nbsp;''(+27)''<br />7&nbsp;''(+53)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+59)''<br />&nbsp; || style="text-align:left" | No
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
 
=== Machine guns ===
 
=== Machine guns ===
−
''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft, but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''
+
<!--''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft, but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''-->
 +
{{main|BESA (7.92 mm)}}
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="7" | [[BESA (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm BESA]]
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="7" | ''Cupola mount'' (x2)
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity each)
 +
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate <br> (shots/minute)
 +
! rowspan="1" | Vertical <br> guidance
 +
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal <br> guidance
 +
|-
 +
| colspan="4" | 6,750 (225) || 600 || -6°/+20° || ±180°
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
 
== Usage in the battles ==
 
== Usage in the battles ==
−
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''
+
<!--''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''-->
 +
The A39 Tortoise is the quintessence of British Heavy Anti-Tank line (mostly prototypes), which features vehicles such as the [[3 inch Gun Carrier]], basically, it is an upgraded design from the [[A22 Churchill Mk.VII|Churchill Mk VII]] bearing heavy armour and a good gun to support infantry against any threat while being able to withstand a few shots. One must stay at distances and snipe ennemies with the very precise [[Ordnance QF 32-pounder|32 pdr OQF]] while allowing the enemy no chance to target weak spots. With it's slow speed and firing rate, this is not a frontline tank. It gets easily outflanked.
 +
 
 +
The A39 is a true tank destroyer in all senses: the longer the range, the better it performs. It moves slowly so it's not recommended for rushing the frontline, it plays much better as an entrenched shooter that can change a game by denying enemy presence in its arc of fire. Its only weakness is the lack of HE filler making general knowledge of tank internals a must as with most British tanks. With good gun depression, it's mostly invincible when hulled down and can retreat fairly easily due to good reverse speed and heavy mass allowing it to build up speed.
 +
 
 +
Here is a few tips for specific kinds of terrain:
 +
 
 +
'''Plains'''<br>
 +
This type of terrain is barely exempt of any structure, mainly, only a few hills will hide ennemies. Maps such as [[Kursk]], [[Mozdok]] and [[Jungle]] can be described as such. ''"Everything the light touches is your kingdom"''. Find a good view on the battlefield and nullify any attempt from the enemy to move. Scout with binoculars (default key "G") and pop out to fire at any useful target. Peek-a-boo tactics are really good with this tank. Do not bother to move from position: the A39 can take many shots before going down. Reposition only if enemy line gets too close or if there is a flanker coming.
 +
 
 +
'''Urban'''<br>
 +
These kind of grounds are all about buildings, terrain variation is almost nonexistent. Maps such as [[Abandoned_Factory|Abandoned Factory]], [[Port_Novorossiysk|Port Novorossiysk]] and [[Advance_to_the_Rhine|Advance to the Rhine]] are urban battlefield. This is the most tricky scenario to face with the Tortoise. Pick an alley and cover it from one end or ambush near a capture point, if feeling lucky. Always try to stay near allied cover.
 +
 
 +
'''Rural'''<br>
 +
Rural maps are a mix of the two former: a small urban map surrounded by plains. Maps such as [[Fields_of_Poland|Fields of Poland]], [[Eastern_Europe|Eastern Europe]] and [[Normandy]] are rural environments. Stay around the town and ''never'' get in, cover alleys from afar, make the enemy fear to turn any corner. Try to get as far as possible to the town and keep an eye for flankers.
 +
 
 +
'''Mountains'''<br>
 +
These maps feature high terrain deformation with steep hills and even walls. Maps such as [[Ash_River|Ash River]], [[Karelia]] and [[Frozen_Pass|Frozen Pass]] falls under this designation. Use the same tactics as with plains while being extra careful since flanking is easier on these kind of maps. Stick to the rear of allied armour or play as a bullet magnet, leaving light tanks a way to flank the enemy without getting too much attention. Make sure to hide weak spots behind props such as rocks or walls, leaving only the gun mantlet exposed.
  
 
=== Pros and cons ===
 
=== Pros and cons ===
−
''Summarize and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Do not use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - they have a substitution in the form of softer "inadequate", "effective".''
+
<!--''Summarize and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Do not use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - they have a substitution in the form of softer "inadequate", "effective".''-->
 +
'''Pros:'''
 +
* Survivability
 +
:* Front armour is nearly impenetrable
 +
:* 7 crew members makes it very hard for enemies to knock them all out quickly
 +
:* Can take many shots and still get away with minimal damage
 +
:* Very spacious, makes it hard to hit multiple crew members and/or modules
 +
:* Extremely sloped upper glacis and front armour will often bounce a lot of shots
 +
:* Indestructible at long range
 +
:* Thick sides makes angling very effective and diagonal movement safe
 +
 
 +
* Firepower
 +
:* Great penetration even with stock shells
 +
:* Can penetrate a Tiger II H's turret at 2000m
 +
:* Excellent gun arc for a turretless tank destroyer making it easier to angle and hide weak spots.
 +
:* Fully rotating twin MG turret makes good AA defense
  
−
'''Pros:'''
+
* Mobility
−
*
+
:* Max speed reached both forward and reverse
 +
:* Neutral steering
 +
 
 +
* Others
 +
:* Very intimidating vehicle, many other tanks will often not engage and/or run away
  
 
'''Cons:'''
 
'''Cons:'''
−
*
+
* Survivability
 +
:* Weak spot between the upper and lower glacis
 +
:* Weak spots easy to target in close combat
 +
::* Commander's cupola (rounded 100 mm)
 +
::* Area bottom right to the gun (flat 215 mm)
 +
::* Machine Gunner's MG port (flat 152 mm)
 +
:* Transmission easily taken out
 +
:* Side and back armour are easily penetrated
 +
:* Hard to hide behind cover due to its size
 +
:* Cast armour makes it a little less strong than Tiger II's UFP (see [[:Armour#Types_of_armour_in-game|Types of armour]])
 +
 
 +
* Mobility
 +
:* Extremely slow (18 km/h)
 +
:* Hard to manoeuvre over any rough terrain
 +
:* Easily outflanked by medium and light tanks due to its low speed and turning rate
 +
 
 +
* Firepower
 +
:* No explosive filler in AP shells
 +
:* Only gets two shell types APCBC and HE.
 +
 
 +
* Others
 +
:* The weight makes it impossible to tow if stuck
 +
:* Long repair times, especially tracks
  
 
== History ==
 
== History ==
−
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ground vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/historical reference" (example: https://wiki.warthunder.com/Name-vehicles/historical reference) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to include links to sources at the end of the article.''
+
<!--''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ground vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/historical reference" (example: https://wiki.warthunder.com/Name-vehicles/historical reference) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to include links to sources at the end of the article.''-->
 +
===Development===
 +
Years before the invasion of Normandy, there were men among the Allied planners worrying about the heavily-defended fortification lines such as the Siegfried Line blocking the path from France to Germany. One of the proposed methods was to develop extremely heavily armoured vehicles capable of destroying any fortification it comes across and any resistance the German had. Britain and America both worked on this project in order to develop these super-heavy tanks.
 +
 
 +
The British began to develop a new type of vehicle to counter this threat, the "Assault Tanks" that focuses all effort on armour. The first development for such a tank began in 1943 as the [[A.33 Heavy Assault Tank "Excelsior"|A33 Excelsior]] tank, though this was cancelled with better reliability of the [[A22 Churchill Mk.VII|Churchill infantry tank]]. The Secretary of State for War and the Minister of Supply sent out specifications for the "Assault Tanks" in April 1943, to which the Nuffield Organisation react with 18 designs for the specifications between May 1943 to February 1944, named ''AT1'' to ''AT18''. Each design was more armoured than its predecessor, but design ''AT16'' was approved by the Tank Board in February 1944. It was proposed that 25 vehicles would be produced and thus work began throughout the rest of the war. Six units were produced before production came to an end.
 +
 
 +
===Design===
 +
The ''AT16'' was renamed the '''A39 Tortoise Heavy Assault Tank''' during its production life. The Tortoise is a fixed casemate design. Though classified as an "Assault Tank", it was in reality a self-propelled/assault gun. The fixed casemate superstructure limited the gun traverse, but the front armour is very thick at 225 mm. This large amount of armour came at the increased weight of 80 tons and a height of 10 feet. The gun is the 96 mm 32-pounder gun that provided effective explosive and armour-penetration capabilities, good enough to destroy a [[Pz.Kpfw. V Ausf. G|Panther]] tank at 1,000 yards away. The Tortoise is powered by a Meteor engine with a all-speed transmission system for equal speed forward and reverse. The suspension is a bogie system, with each bogie having a pair of wheels that are linked to a transverse torsion bar. The vehicle holds a crew of six people, two of which are loaders for the 32-pounder gun.
 +
 
 +
===Cancellation===
 +
By the time the few prototypes of the vehicles were made, World War II in Europe ended in May 1945. The rapid demilitarization and lack of need for such a vehicle reduced the original order amount to just 6 vehicles, which were built. One was sent to Germany for evaluation trials, where the Tortoise proved itself as being mechanically reliable and its 32-pounder a great asset on the battlefield. It's undoing was its 80 ton weight, which gave it a low speed and a logistical nightmare to transport around the region.
 +
 
 +
In the end, the super heavy tanks designs made by the Americans ([[Super Heavy Tank T28|T28]]) and the British (Tortoise) only proved that such needs for tanks were unnecessary. The Siegfried Line and other such fortifications were taken out by use of the standard issued medium tanks such as the [[Medium Tank M4 Sherman|M4 Shermans]], proving that affordable, mass-produced vehicles could dominate the modern battlefield. The only positive note that these heavy tanks provided was that it showed the true extent of American and British industrial capabilities, being able to produce these massive monsters.
  
 
== Media ==
 
== Media ==
−
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''
+
<!--''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''-->
 +
{{youtube|url = FafvSJDEfwA|Bovington Tank Museum Tank Chats: Tortoise}}
  
 
== Read also ==
 
== Read also ==
Line 51: Line 312:
 
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
 
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
 
* ''other literature.''
 
* ''other literature.''
 +
 +
{{Britain tank destroyers}}

Revision as of 16:39, 28 October 2018

Rank VI USA | Premium | Golden Eagles
A-10A Thunderbolt (Early)
Tortoise
uk_a39_tortoise.png
Tortoise
Britain flag.png Britain
IV Rank
Battle rating:
AB RB SB
6.7 6.7 6.3
Class:
Research:63 000 Specs-Card-Exp.png
Purchase:200 000 Specs-Card-Lion.png
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Description

GarageImage Tortoise.jpg


The A39 Tortoise is a Rank IV British tank destroyer with a battle rating of 6.7 (AB/RB) and 6.3 (SB). It was released along with the entire British tree line in Update 1.55 "Royal Armour". A huge casemate structure made as an assault vehicle akin to the American's T95, the Tortoise presents thick raw sloped armour with a unique heavy punching 94 mm cannon.

The Tortoise, as its name suggest, sacrifices speed to survivability.

Armour
With its cast 152 mm sloped armour, the Tortoise can survive most head on encounters. The area around the gun mantlet is 215 mm thick with a flat surface under the gunner's optics. It has a 55 mm plate (75°) under the gun and a 170 mm semi-rounded LFP. Sides are 152 mm thick. The engine deck's side armour is 101.6 mm thick with an asymmetry on the left. Rear armour is 100-110 mm thick flat plates. At this BR, there are not many tanks that can penetrate such thick material from the front. If used correctly, this vehicle should only get out of battles with a few 75, 88 and 122 mm scratches.

If, by any chance, an enemy gets through this massive steel casing, there is no less than 7 spaced out crew members to soak up damage. Most of the time, the AA gunner's cupola gets penetrated, since it is only 100 mm flat armour. AP (and APDS) shells will only disable the AA defenses while any APHE shell may incapacitate the driver and 1 or 2 loaders. If unlucky, it will detonate the massive ammo rack lying on the floor. Another common angle of attack is the machine gunner's port. Once again, AP shots will kill 2-3 non-essential crew members (machine gunner, commander, loader) and APHE shells may even kill the gunner. Sometimes, when getting too exposed, the 170 mm almost flat LFP gets shot at. This will usually disable the gunner, transmission and even ignite an ammo rack if there's enough explosive. A few highly penetrating tanks may shoot through the flat 215 mm surface underneath the gunner's optics. This usually means death if it happens to be an IS-2, Tiger II (H) since there are ammo racks all around the gunner. Any penetrating hit to the side usually means death (if not immediate, the following shot should be the last). The cannon barrel is often targeted by players: its large and thin muzzle brake tends to be damaged easily. Note that some large HE shells may tear through the top armour, wrecking havoc in the crew compartment.

Mobility
Such a great armour plays heavily on mobility. With a max speed of 20 km/h in both directions, neutral steering and wide tracks, this tank has good enough mobility to get into position and fire on the enemy. It is not advised to travel up to the frontlines since it will only expose weak spots, make flanking easier, and take a really long time due to poor max speed.

Firepower
Unlike other British Rank IV tanks, the Tortoise does not fire APDS or HESH ammunition, it relies on pure AP shells. Fortunately, these large caliber rounds are roughly similar to 20-pounder cannon's APDS, meaning the learning curve from the Charioteer Mk VII not too steep. Plus, these 94 mm shells are stock rounds in the A39 meaning they're free to use.

The secondary armament on this tank is an AA turret with twin-mounted BESA MG, good for dealing with low-flying planes and even some bombers, although these MGs lack the power of cannons for aircraft encountered in mixed battles at this BR. Since this turret is the main weak spot on this tank's frontal armour, it is often disabled in the first few shots.

General info

Survivability and armour

Armour type:

  • Cast homogeneous armour
  • Rolled homogeneous armour (Side hull, Rear hull, Hull roof, Superstructure roof)
Armour Front Sides Rear Roof
Hull 55 mm (75°) Front glacis
170 mm (3-71°) Lower glacis 		110 + 50.8 mm 100 mm (10-45°) 25 mm
Superstructure 215 mm (0-59°), 152 mm (0-45°) Front armour
96 + 80 + 152 mm Gun mantlet		 152 mm 110 mm (0-7°) 50.8 mm
Armour Sides Roof
Cupola 101.6 mm 25 mm

Notes:

  • Suspension wheels and bogies are 20 mm thick while tracks are 30 mm thick.
  • Tracks on the side of the Tortoise give an additional 30 mm of armour.
  • The steel boxes on the side of the rear of the Tortoise grant only an extra 5 mm of armour.

Mobility

Mobility characteristic
Weight (tons) Add-on Armor
weight (tons) 		Max speed (km/h)
81.3 N/A 20.6 (AB)
19.0 (RB/SB)
Engine power (horsepower)
Mode Stock Upgraded
Arcade 923 ___
Realistic/Simulator 575 650
Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
Mode Stock Upgraded
Arcade 11.35 __.__
Realistic/Simulator 7.07 7.99

Armaments

Main armament

Main article: Ordnance QF 32-pounder (94 mm)
94 mm OQF 32-pounder
Capacity Vertical
guidance 		Horizontal
guidance 		Stabilizer
60 -10°/+18° ±20° N/A
Turret rotation speed (°/s)
Mode Stock Upgraded Prior + Full crew Prior + Expert qualif. Prior + Ace qualif.
Arcade 5.90 _.__ _.__ _.__ _.__
Realistic 5.90 _.__ _.__ _.__ _.__
Reloading rate (seconds)
Stock Prior + Full crew Prior + Expert qualif. Prior + Ace qualif.
11.80 _.__ _.__ _.__
Ammunition
Penetration statistics
Ammunition Type of
warhead 		Penetration in mm @ 90°
10m 100m 500m 1000m 1500m 2000m
Shot Mk.1 APCBC 243 239 228 212 199 189
Shell Mk.1 HE 13 13 13 13 13 13
Shell details
Ammunition Type of
warhead 		Velocity
in m/s 		Projectile
Mass in kg 		Fuse delay

in m:

Fuse sensitivity

in mm:

Explosive Mass in g
(TNT equivalent): 		Normalization At 30°
from horizontal: 		Ricochet:
0% 50% 100%
Shot Mk.1 APCBC 1043 15 N/A N/A N/A +4° 48° 63° 71°
Shell Mk.1 HE 1043 13 0.4 0.5 920 +0° 79° 80° 81°
Ammo racks
Ammo racks of the Tortoise.
Full
ammo 		Ammo
Part 		1st
rack empty 		2nd
rack empty 		3rd
rack empty 		4th
rack empty 		5th
rack empty 		Visual
discrepancy
60 Projectiles
Propellants 		54 (+6)
26 (+34) 		47 (+13)
19 (+41) 		41 (+19)
13 (+47) 		33 (+27)
7 (+53) 		1 (+59)
  		No

Machine guns

Main article: BESA (7.92 mm)
7.92 mm BESA
Cupola mount (x2)
Capacity (Belt capacity each) Fire rate
(shots/minute) 		Vertical
guidance 		Horizontal
guidance
6,750 (225) 600 -6°/+20° ±180°

Usage in the battles

The A39 Tortoise is the quintessence of British Heavy Anti-Tank line (mostly prototypes), which features vehicles such as the 3 inch Gun Carrier, basically, it is an upgraded design from the Churchill Mk VII bearing heavy armour and a good gun to support infantry against any threat while being able to withstand a few shots. One must stay at distances and snipe ennemies with the very precise 32 pdr OQF while allowing the enemy no chance to target weak spots. With it's slow speed and firing rate, this is not a frontline tank. It gets easily outflanked.

The A39 is a true tank destroyer in all senses: the longer the range, the better it performs. It moves slowly so it's not recommended for rushing the frontline, it plays much better as an entrenched shooter that can change a game by denying enemy presence in its arc of fire. Its only weakness is the lack of HE filler making general knowledge of tank internals a must as with most British tanks. With good gun depression, it's mostly invincible when hulled down and can retreat fairly easily due to good reverse speed and heavy mass allowing it to build up speed.

Here is a few tips for specific kinds of terrain:

Plains
This type of terrain is barely exempt of any structure, mainly, only a few hills will hide ennemies. Maps such as Kursk, Mozdok and Jungle can be described as such. "Everything the light touches is your kingdom". Find a good view on the battlefield and nullify any attempt from the enemy to move. Scout with binoculars (default key "G") and pop out to fire at any useful target. Peek-a-boo tactics are really good with this tank. Do not bother to move from position: the A39 can take many shots before going down. Reposition only if enemy line gets too close or if there is a flanker coming.

Urban
These kind of grounds are all about buildings, terrain variation is almost nonexistent. Maps such as Abandoned Factory, Port Novorossiysk and Advance to the Rhine are urban battlefield. This is the most tricky scenario to face with the Tortoise. Pick an alley and cover it from one end or ambush near a capture point, if feeling lucky. Always try to stay near allied cover.

Rural
Rural maps are a mix of the two former: a small urban map surrounded by plains. Maps such as Fields of Poland, Eastern Europe and Normandy are rural environments. Stay around the town and never get in, cover alleys from afar, make the enemy fear to turn any corner. Try to get as far as possible to the town and keep an eye for flankers.

Mountains
These maps feature high terrain deformation with steep hills and even walls. Maps such as Ash River, Karelia and Frozen Pass falls under this designation. Use the same tactics as with plains while being extra careful since flanking is easier on these kind of maps. Stick to the rear of allied armour or play as a bullet magnet, leaving light tanks a way to flank the enemy without getting too much attention. Make sure to hide weak spots behind props such as rocks or walls, leaving only the gun mantlet exposed.

Pros and cons

Pros:

  • Survivability
  • Front armour is nearly impenetrable
  • 7 crew members makes it very hard for enemies to knock them all out quickly
  • Can take many shots and still get away with minimal damage
  • Very spacious, makes it hard to hit multiple crew members and/or modules
  • Extremely sloped upper glacis and front armour will often bounce a lot of shots
  • Indestructible at long range
  • Thick sides makes angling very effective and diagonal movement safe
  • Firepower
  • Great penetration even with stock shells
  • Can penetrate a Tiger II H's turret at 2000m
  • Excellent gun arc for a turretless tank destroyer making it easier to angle and hide weak spots.
  • Fully rotating twin MG turret makes good AA defense
  • Mobility
  • Max speed reached both forward and reverse
  • Neutral steering
  • Others
  • Very intimidating vehicle, many other tanks will often not engage and/or run away

Cons:

  • Survivability
  • Weak spot between the upper and lower glacis
  • Weak spots easy to target in close combat
  • Commander's cupola (rounded 100 mm)
  • Area bottom right to the gun (flat 215 mm)
  • Machine Gunner's MG port (flat 152 mm)
  • Transmission easily taken out
  • Side and back armour are easily penetrated
  • Hard to hide behind cover due to its size
  • Cast armour makes it a little less strong than Tiger II's UFP (see Types of armour)
  • Mobility
  • Extremely slow (18 km/h)
  • Hard to manoeuvre over any rough terrain
  • Easily outflanked by medium and light tanks due to its low speed and turning rate
  • Firepower
  • No explosive filler in AP shells
  • Only gets two shell types APCBC and HE.
  • Others
  • The weight makes it impossible to tow if stuck
  • Long repair times, especially tracks

History

Development

Years before the invasion of Normandy, there were men among the Allied planners worrying about the heavily-defended fortification lines such as the Siegfried Line blocking the path from France to Germany. One of the proposed methods was to develop extremely heavily armoured vehicles capable of destroying any fortification it comes across and any resistance the German had. Britain and America both worked on this project in order to develop these super-heavy tanks.

The British began to develop a new type of vehicle to counter this threat, the "Assault Tanks" that focuses all effort on armour. The first development for such a tank began in 1943 as the A33 Excelsior tank, though this was cancelled with better reliability of the Churchill infantry tank. The Secretary of State for War and the Minister of Supply sent out specifications for the "Assault Tanks" in April 1943, to which the Nuffield Organisation react with 18 designs for the specifications between May 1943 to February 1944, named AT1 to AT18. Each design was more armoured than its predecessor, but design AT16 was approved by the Tank Board in February 1944. It was proposed that 25 vehicles would be produced and thus work began throughout the rest of the war. Six units were produced before production came to an end.

Design

The AT16 was renamed the A39 Tortoise Heavy Assault Tank during its production life. The Tortoise is a fixed casemate design. Though classified as an "Assault Tank", it was in reality a self-propelled/assault gun. The fixed casemate superstructure limited the gun traverse, but the front armour is very thick at 225 mm. This large amount of armour came at the increased weight of 80 tons and a height of 10 feet. The gun is the 96 mm 32-pounder gun that provided effective explosive and armour-penetration capabilities, good enough to destroy a Panther tank at 1,000 yards away. The Tortoise is powered by a Meteor engine with a all-speed transmission system for equal speed forward and reverse. The suspension is a bogie system, with each bogie having a pair of wheels that are linked to a transverse torsion bar. The vehicle holds a crew of six people, two of which are loaders for the 32-pounder gun.

Cancellation

By the time the few prototypes of the vehicles were made, World War II in Europe ended in May 1945. The rapid demilitarization and lack of need for such a vehicle reduced the original order amount to just 6 vehicles, which were built. One was sent to Germany for evaluation trials, where the Tortoise proved itself as being mechanically reliable and its 32-pounder a great asset on the battlefield. It's undoing was its 80 ton weight, which gave it a low speed and a logistical nightmare to transport around the region.

In the end, the super heavy tanks designs made by the Americans (T28) and the British (Tortoise) only proved that such needs for tanks were unnecessary. The Siegfried Line and other such fortifications were taken out by use of the standard issued medium tanks such as the M4 Shermans, proving that affordable, mass-produced vehicles could dominate the modern battlefield. The only positive note that these heavy tanks provided was that it showed the true extent of American and British industrial capabilities, being able to produce these massive monsters.

Media

Read also

Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example,

  • reference to the series of the vehicles;
  • links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.

ETC.

Sources

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  • topic on the official game forum;
  • other literature.


Britain tank destroyers
Infantry tank derivatives  Archer · Gun Carrier (3-in)
Light tank derivatives  Alecto I
M10 Achilles  Achilles · Achilles (65 Rg.)
Centurion derivatives  FV4005 · Conway
ATGM  Swingfire · Striker
Other  Tortoise · ▄M109A1
Canada  QF 3.7 Ram
South Africa  G6 · ZT3A2

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