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| − | {{Specs-Card | + | {{Specs-Card|code=germ_flakpanzer_IV_Kugelblitz}} |
| − | |code=germ_flakpanzer_IV_Kugelblitz | |
| − | |images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
| |
| − | }} | |
| | | | |
| | == Description == | | == Description == |
| − | <!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --> | + | <!--''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.''--> |
| − | The '''Flakpanzer IV "Kugelblitz"''' is the third variant of the [[Flakpanzer IV (Disambiguation)|Flakpanzer IV self-propelled anti-aircraft gun family]]. The Panzer IV medium tank chassis is combined with a newly designed oscillating turret to provide complete protection for the crews. This turret was completely enclosed, with overhead protection and full traverse. The disruption caused by Allied bombing efforts prevented mass production from taking place. | + | <!--[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]--> |
| − | | + | {{break}} |
| − | Introduced in [[Update 1.43]], the Flakpanzer IV "Kugelblitz" is an extremely competitive vehicle. Its twin-mounted 30 mm Maschinenkanone 103/38 provides high destructive power against enemy air and ground targets. The main armament is fast-firing and precise, requiring only one or two shells to bring down even a bomber. Players can also equip armour-piercing ammunition belts to target enemy ground units. This machine can quickly destroy a column of enemy targets with well-executed flanking manoeuvres.
| + | The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft (SPAA) vehicle {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.43]]. |
| | | | |
| | == General info == | | == General info == |
| | === Survivability and armour === | | === Survivability and armour === |
| − | {{Specs-Tank-Armour}}
| + | ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat?'' |
| − | <!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' -->
| |
| − | [[File:Kugel-xray.png|thumb|The X-Ray view of the Kugelblitz in the hangar, the 5 crew members locations inside the vehicle are visible, giving a visual understanding of the vehicle's survivability.]]
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| − | The Kugelblitz has high armour values compared to most SPAA, but the armour will not protect it against the main calibre guns of tanks at the battle rating. The survivability is quite good, the crew is well spaced and numerous, and the ammunition is unlikely to detonate. The Kugelblitz has excellent protection against strafing runs from enemy aircraft, although some aircraft cannons may penetrate the 10 mm hull armour and cause an engine fire.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Since the ball turret is enclosed and separated from the hull, the Kugelblitz can still operate its cannons after a successful penetration of the hull.
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| − | | |
| − | '''Armour type:'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | * Rolled homogeneous armour
| |
| | | | |
| − | {| class="wikitable"
| + | ''If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | Hull || 80 mm || 30 mm || 20 mm || 10 mm
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | Turret || 30 mm ''Turret housing'' <br> 20 mm ''Turret ball'' || 30 mm ''Turret housing'' <br> 20 mm ''Turret ball'' || 30 mm ''Turret housing'' <br> 20 mm ''Turret ball'' || 20 mm
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | '''Notes:''' <!-- Any additional notes which the user needs to be aware of -->
| |
| − | <!-- Example: * Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick, tracks are 30 mm thick, and torsion bars are 60 mm thick. -->
| |
| | | | |
| | === Mobility === | | === Mobility === |
| − | {{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}
| |
| | <!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --> | | <!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --> |
| | | | |
| − | {{tankMobility|abMinHp=426|rbMinHp=265}} | + | {{tankMobility|abMinHp= 426|rbMinHp= 265|<!--AoAweight=(optional) -->}} |
| − | | |
| − | === Modifications and economy === | |
| − | {{Specs-Economy}}
| |
| − | | |
| − | The Kugelblitz has a comparatively low gun traverse speed when not upgraded, so the Horizontal Drive and Elevation Mechanism modules are quite important. Another very useful modification is the M.Gr. ammo belt, which almost completely composed of high-explosive shells and helps to increase damage dealt to enemy aircraft. The two Pz.Gr. modules allow the vehicle to better engage enemy ground forces. These belts contain more high-penetration rounds than high-explosive ones, and increase the vehicle's effectiveness against armoured targets. Still, they will not be able to penetrate most tanks frontally at this tier, and are better suited for engaging lightly-armoured vehicles.
| |
| | | | |
| | == Armaments == | | == Armaments == |
| − | {{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
| |
| | === Main armament === | | === Main armament === |
| − | {{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}
| + | ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' |
| − | <!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' -->
| |
| − | {{main|MK103/38 (30 mm)}}
| |
| | | | |
| − | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
| + | === Additional armament === |
| − | |-
| + | ''Some tanks are armed with several guns in one or more turrets. Evaluate the additional weaponry and give advice on its use. Describe the ammunition available for additional weaponry. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage. If there is no additional weaponry remove this subsection.'' |
| − | ! colspan="6" | [[MK103/38 (30 mm)|30 mm MK103/38]] (x2) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
| |
| − | ! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
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| − | ! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
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| − | |-
| |
| − | ! ''Arcade''
| |
| − | | rowspan="2" | 1,200 (100) || rowspan="2" | 450 || rowspan="2" | -7°/+80° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 52.8 || 73.1 || 88.8 || 98.2 || 104.5 || rowspan="2" | 13.00 || rowspan="2" | 11.50 || rowspan="2" | 10.60 || rowspan="2" | 10.00
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! ''Realistic''
| |
| − | | 35.7 || 42.0 || 51.0 || 56.4 || 60.0
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |}
| |
| | | | |
| − | ==== Ammunition ==== | + | === Machine guns === |
| − | | + | ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' |
| − | * '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer (minengeschoß)}}
| |
| − | * '''M.Gr.:''' {{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer (minengeschoß)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer (minengeschoß)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer (minengeschoß)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}
| |
| − | * '''Pz.Gr.:''' {{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer (minengeschoß)}}
| |
| − | * '''Pz.Gr. H:''' {{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer (minengeschoß)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer (minengeschoß)}}
| |
| − | | |
| − | {{:MK103/38 (30 mm)/Ammunition|HEI-T, AP-I, HVAP-T}}
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
| |
| − | [[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
| |
| − | <!-- '''Last updated:''' -->
| |
| − | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! Full<br>ammo
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| − | ! 1st<br>rack empty
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| − | ! 2nd<br>rack empty
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| − | ! Visual<br>discrepancy
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''12''' || 6 ''(+6)'' || 0 ''(+12)'' || No
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | '''Note''':
| |
| − | | |
| − | * Ammunition is modeled as 12 magazines of 100 rounds.
| |
| | | | |
| | == Usage in battles == | | == Usage in battles == |
| − | <!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' -->
| + | ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' |
| − | | |
| − | '''Overview:'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | The Kugelblitz is a dedicated AA, however the guns do have decent penetration and the Kugelblitz has some armour and survivability, so targeting enemy ground vehicles is a possibility. However, air targets should still be the main focus of the Kugelblitz. Due to the survivability and firepower, the Kugelblitz is best placed near the frontlines in case it needs to support a teammate against an enemy ground vehicle, but it should not be directly in view of enemy tanks.
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''Tips:'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | The Kugelblitz is best used as a second or third spawn, because aircraft will not spawn at the beginning of the match. Do not engage aircraft too early, as you will only expose yourself. Begin firing at no more than 1-1.5 km range for the best effect. Always watch out for multiple aircraft, as one may hit you with bombs or rockets while you are distracted. The fast firing 30 mm guns are extremely potent, and will quickly dispatch most air targets after a few hits, even against heavy fighters and bombers. It is a good idea to learn the weak spots of enemy ground vehicles you will commonly face near the Kugelblitz's BR, as knowing these will allow the Kugelblitz to deal maximum damage.
| |
| | | | |
| | === Pros and cons === | | === Pros and cons === |
| − | <!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --> | + | <!--Summarize and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - they can be substituted with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".--> |
| | | | |
| − | '''Pros:''' | + | '''Pros:''' |
| | | | |
| − | * High rate of fire for a 30 mm cannon | + | * High rate of fire for a 30mm cannon |
| | * Fast turret rotation speed | | * Fast turret rotation speed |
| − | * Very good at taking out other SPAA or lightly-armoured vehicles | + | * Very good at taking out other SPAA or lightly armoured vehicles |
| | * Average movement speed | | * Average movement speed |
| − | * Is closed-top unlike other open-top SPAAs, protecting it from lots of strafing that could otherwise be fatal | + | * Access to many unlockable ammo belts |
| − | * HVAP round can penetrate 77 mm, improving efficacy against other tanks
| |
| | | | |
| | '''Cons:''' | | '''Cons:''' |
| | | | |
| − | * Although having thick armour for an SPAA, it's still only a Panzer IV hull and not enough to stop any kind of tank shell at its rank, or fire from .50 cal HMGs | + | * Although having thick armour for a SPAA, its still not enough to stop any kind of tank shell at its rank |
| | * Long reload time | | * Long reload time |
| − | * HVAP belt is 2/3 HE rounds, reducing effectiveness
| |
| | | | |
| | == History == | | == History == |
| − | <!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' -->
| + | The ''Flakpanzer IV Kugelblitz'' ("Ball Lightning") was a German self-propelled anti-aircraft gun developed during World War II. By the end of the war, only a pilot production of five units had been completed.<ref>Panzer Tracts No. 12-1 - Flakpanzerkampfwagen IV and other Flakpanzer projects development and production from 1942 to 1945 (Thomas L. Jentz & Hilary Doyle)</ref> |
| | | | |
| − | ===Design=== | + | === In-game description === |
| − | The genesis of the Kugelblitz can be traced back to a precursor project involving a spherical Flak turret. Initially conceived to bolster the anti-aircraft defenses of German submarines, the turret boasted twin 30 mm cannons and was developed in early 1944 by Alkett, a firm renowned for its contributions to self-propelled anti-aircraft (SPAA) vehicle construction. Despite its promising design, the spherical Flak turret never found favor with the German Navy. Engineers at Alkett recognized the potential of the turret's oblate form and weapon configuration, opting to repurpose it for a new SPAA endeavor. The groundwork for the Kugelblitz was laid, with development commencing in late 1944. A Panzer IV chassis was selected as the platform for integrating the turret. However, a pivotal modification involved fitting a Tiger I turret ring onto the Panzer IV to accommodate the larger spherical turret. This adaptation underscored the approach of the engineers involved. Despite progress in development, including the construction of five prototypes, the Kugelblitz never underwent formal testing. Plans for mass production were also thwarted by the relentless Allied bombing campaigns targeting German factories during the latter stages of the war (1944-1945).
| + | A continuation of the line of German AA vehicles based on the Pz.IV tank. It was the first AA vehicle to have a fully enclosed turret. Only two were ever built, and they may not have been used in combat. Both of the AA vehicles that were released ended up in the anti-air artillery training battalion stationed at the Ordurf training ground in Thuringia. |
| − | | |
| − | ===Development===
| |
| − | The development of the Kugelblitz relies on a previous project, a spherical Flak turret, designed to provide German submarines with adequate anti-aircraft defence capability. The oblate turret featured twin 30 mm cannons and was originally developed in early 1944 by the firm Alkett also responsible for the construction of SPAA vehicles. The turret was however never adopted by the German navy. This led the engineers of the firm to reuse the same type of design it for the needs of the new SPAA project.
| |
| − | Development started of the Kugelblitz in late 1944. The chassis chosen to integrate the turret remained a Panzer IV. The main difference was that a Tiger I turret ring was fitted on the Pz.IV to accommodate the large turret. Five prototypes were built but never tested. Mass production was even planned but never happened due to the intense Allied bombings of German factories from 1944 to 1945.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===Combat usage===
| |
| − | The Kugelblitz was never approved for service, as its development was not yet completed when the war ended in Europe. Several prototypes briefly saw combat during the Battle of Berlin or in engagements throughout Germany.
| |
| − | | |
| − | {{break}}
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| − | {{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
| |
| − | {{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
| |
| − | A continuation of the line of German AA vehicles based on the Pz.IV tank. It was the first AA vehicle to have a fully enclosed turret. Only two were ever built, and they may not have been used in combat. Both of the AA vehicles that were released ended up in the anti-air artillery training battalion stationed at the Ohrdruf training ground in Thuringia. | |
| − | {{Navigation-End}}
| |
| | | | |
| | == Media == | | == Media == |
| − | <!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' -->
| + | ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' |
| | | | |
| − | ;Skins
| + | == See also == |
| − | | + | ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:'' |
| − | * [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_flakpanzer_IV_Kugelblitz Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ;Videos
| |
| − | {{Youtube-gallery|naeDoEwZ5Pg|'''German SPAAs''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:32 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|PosWOnOGkSo|'''Best experimental vehicles''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 7:28 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|HGEXluz5nFA|'''A Successful Dead End? - Kugelblitz''' - ''Military History Visualized''}}
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| | | | |
| − | == See also ==
| |
| − | <!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
| |
| | * ''reference to the series of the vehicles;'' | | * ''reference to the series of the vehicles;'' |
| − | * ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --> | + | * ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' |
| | | | |
| − | ;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis
| + | == External links == |
| − | | + | ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:'' |
| − | * [[Flakpanzer IV]]
| |
| | | | |
| − | ;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role
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| − |
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| − | * [[Flakpanzer 341]]
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| − |
| |
| − | == External links ==
| |
| − | <!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
| |
| | * ''topic on the official game forum;'' | | * ''topic on the official game forum;'' |
| − | * ''other literature.'' --> | + | * ''encyclopedia page on the tank;'' |
| − | | + | * ''other literature.'' |
| − | * [[wt:en/devblog/current/639|[Devblog] Flakpanzerkampfwagen IV "Kugelblitz"]]
| |
| − | * [[wikipedia:Kugelblitz|[Wikipedia] Kugelblitz]]
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| − | * [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2-germany-leichte-flakpanzer-iv-3-cm-kugelblitz/ <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Leichte Flakpanzer IV 3 cm "Kugelblitz"]
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| | | | |
| | {{Germany anti-aircraft vehicles}} | | {{Germany anti-aircraft vehicles}} |
Kugelblitz
Research:71 000 
Purchase:210 000 
Description
The Flakpanzer IV Kugelblitz is a rank IV German Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft (SPAA) vehicle
with a battle rating of 7.3 (AB) and 7.0 (RB/SB). It was introduced in Update 1.43.
General info
Survivability and armour
Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat?
If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.
Mobility
| Game Mode
|
Max Speed (km/h)
|
Weight (tons)
|
Engine power (horsepower)
|
Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|
| Forward
|
Reverse
|
Stock
|
Upgraded
|
Stock
|
Upgraded
|
| Arcade
|
43
|
8
|
25
|
426
|
572
|
17.04
|
22.88
|
| Realistic
|
39
|
8
|
265
|
300
|
10.6
|
12
|
Armaments
Main armament
Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: {{main|Name of the weapon}}. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.
Additional armament
Some tanks are armed with several guns in one or more turrets. Evaluate the additional weaponry and give advice on its use. Describe the ammunition available for additional weaponry. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage. If there is no additional weaponry remove this subsection.
Machine guns
Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.
Usage in battles
Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).
Pros and cons
Pros:
- High rate of fire for a 30mm cannon
- Fast turret rotation speed
- Very good at taking out other SPAA or lightly armoured vehicles
- Average movement speed
- Access to many unlockable ammo belts
Cons:
- Although having thick armour for a SPAA, its still not enough to stop any kind of tank shell at its rank
- Long reload time
History
The Flakpanzer IV Kugelblitz ("Ball Lightning") was a German self-propelled anti-aircraft gun developed during World War II. By the end of the war, only a pilot production of five units had been completed.[1]
In-game description
A continuation of the line of German AA vehicles based on the Pz.IV tank. It was the first AA vehicle to have a fully enclosed turret. Only two were ever built, and they may not have been used in combat. Both of the AA vehicles that were released ended up in the anti-air artillery training battalion stationed at the Ordurf training ground in Thuringia.
Media
Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.
See also
Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:
- reference to the series of the vehicles;
- links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.
External links
Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:
- topic on the official game forum;
- encyclopedia page on the tank;
- other literature.
- ↑ Panzer Tracts No. 12-1 - Flakpanzerkampfwagen IV and other Flakpanzer projects development and production from 1942 to 1945 (Thomas L. Jentz & Hilary Doyle)
