Difference between revisions of "12 inch/50 Mark XI (305 mm)"
(→History: added history and link to the 305 mm/45 Mark X the preceding 12-inch gun in the British tech-tree) |
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== History == | == History == | ||
| − | The launch of [[HMS Dreadnought|'' | + | <!-- ''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.'' --> |
| + | The launch of [[HMS Dreadnought|HMS ''Dreadnought'']] in 1906 changed battleship construction when it was introduced. Overnight, the entire fleet of battleships in navies across the globe was obsolete thanks to the introduction of a new all-big-gun design instead of a large secondary battery. What followed the launch of this ship was a global arms race as the major navies around the world began building or ordering their own dreadnoughts. The new Liberal Government that took over Parliament, however, was more conservative in its warship construction. After the launch of the ''Bellerophon'' class, capital ship construction was put on hiatus while the British attempted to negotiate a limit to the calibre of naval cannons at the 1907 Hague Convention. When Germany refused to agree to such restrictions, however, Britain rejoined the arms race and approved the construction of the ''Saint Vincent''-class dreadnoughts on June 12th, 1907. The Royal Navy was always looking to improve the firepower of their new ships by taking advantage of newer technological innovations to improve the range and destructive power of their guns. As such the 12-inch 50-calibre Mark XI was created as an improved version of the [[305 mm/45 Mark X (305 mm)|Mark X]] guns used on prior ships with a barrel that was five calibres longer and a larger propellant charge. It also replaced the screw collar on the Mark X with a breech ring. | ||
| − | Originally mounted on the ''Saint Vincent'' | + | Originally mounted on the ''Saint Vincent'' class, they were soon mounted on HMS ''Neptune'' which replaced the single forward turret, two rear turrets, and two wing turret configuration found HMS ''Dreadnought'' with a staggered "en echelon" gun arrangement that theoretically allowed for all the guns to fire in a broadside such as with [[USS North Dakota|''Delaware''-class]] dreadnoughts in the United States Navy with their centerline gun arrangement, but in practice, this was only done during an emergency as the blast was found to damage the ship's superstructure. Ironically, it was this concern that led to the rejection of the centerline arrangement by the Royal Navy. The Mark XI had other problems also. Despite the higher muzzle velocity being intended to improve accuracy, it was found the guns were wildly inaccurate due to the propellant charges not completely burning before exiting the barrel. This problem led to unpredictable muzzle velocities and a dispersion pattern between two and three acres. The original prototypes tested by Vickers on HMS ''Vanguard'' had a long cylindrical chamber and weren't wired up to the muzzle. However, one of the test guns developed a cracked liner after firing the equivalent of 38 full-service rounds due to the tolerances not allowing for shrinkage for parts, and even if it was allowed, the guns would still be unreliable. The Mark XI* was produced to correct the problem with a thin B hoop that overlapped the jacket along with a larger C hoop partially covering it. While interchangeable with the original Mark XI, the XI* was 1 ton heavier. The Mark XII was produced later with wiring all the way up the casing. It was interchangeable with, and the same weight as, the Mark XI and found service on the [[HMS Colossus|''Colossus'']]-class dreadnoughts built from 1909-1911. The failure to significantly improve left the Royal Navy with the opinion that they had reached the limits of what could be accomplished with 12-inch guns. The ''Colossus'' would become the last class to mount this calibre. The Royal Navy would begin designing larger calibre guns to get their desired performance which created the [[13.5 inch/45 Mark 5(H) (343 mm)|13.5 inch/45 Mark 5]]. |
== Media == | == Media == | ||
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== See also == | == See also == | ||
| + | <!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:'' | ||
| + | * ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;'' | ||
| + | * ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.'' --> | ||
* [[305 mm/45 Mark X (305 mm)]] - Preceding British 12-inch gun. | * [[305 mm/45 Mark X (305 mm)]] - Preceding British 12-inch gun. | ||
Revision as of 18:27, 11 October 2022
Contents
Description
Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.
Vehicles equipped with this weapon
General info
Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.
Available ammunition
Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).
Comparison with analogues
Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.
Usage in battles
Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.
Pros and cons
Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.
Pros:
Cons:
History
The launch of HMS Dreadnought in 1906 changed battleship construction when it was introduced. Overnight, the entire fleet of battleships in navies across the globe was obsolete thanks to the introduction of a new all-big-gun design instead of a large secondary battery. What followed the launch of this ship was a global arms race as the major navies around the world began building or ordering their own dreadnoughts. The new Liberal Government that took over Parliament, however, was more conservative in its warship construction. After the launch of the Bellerophon class, capital ship construction was put on hiatus while the British attempted to negotiate a limit to the calibre of naval cannons at the 1907 Hague Convention. When Germany refused to agree to such restrictions, however, Britain rejoined the arms race and approved the construction of the Saint Vincent-class dreadnoughts on June 12th, 1907. The Royal Navy was always looking to improve the firepower of their new ships by taking advantage of newer technological innovations to improve the range and destructive power of their guns. As such the 12-inch 50-calibre Mark XI was created as an improved version of the Mark X guns used on prior ships with a barrel that was five calibres longer and a larger propellant charge. It also replaced the screw collar on the Mark X with a breech ring.
Originally mounted on the Saint Vincent class, they were soon mounted on HMS Neptune which replaced the single forward turret, two rear turrets, and two wing turret configuration found HMS Dreadnought with a staggered "en echelon" gun arrangement that theoretically allowed for all the guns to fire in a broadside such as with Delaware-class dreadnoughts in the United States Navy with their centerline gun arrangement, but in practice, this was only done during an emergency as the blast was found to damage the ship's superstructure. Ironically, it was this concern that led to the rejection of the centerline arrangement by the Royal Navy. The Mark XI had other problems also. Despite the higher muzzle velocity being intended to improve accuracy, it was found the guns were wildly inaccurate due to the propellant charges not completely burning before exiting the barrel. This problem led to unpredictable muzzle velocities and a dispersion pattern between two and three acres. The original prototypes tested by Vickers on HMS Vanguard had a long cylindrical chamber and weren't wired up to the muzzle. However, one of the test guns developed a cracked liner after firing the equivalent of 38 full-service rounds due to the tolerances not allowing for shrinkage for parts, and even if it was allowed, the guns would still be unreliable. The Mark XI* was produced to correct the problem with a thin B hoop that overlapped the jacket along with a larger C hoop partially covering it. While interchangeable with the original Mark XI, the XI* was 1 ton heavier. The Mark XII was produced later with wiring all the way up the casing. It was interchangeable with, and the same weight as, the Mark XI and found service on the Colossus-class dreadnoughts built from 1909-1911. The failure to significantly improve left the Royal Navy with the opinion that they had reached the limits of what could be accomplished with 12-inch guns. The Colossus would become the last class to mount this calibre. The Royal Navy would begin designing larger calibre guns to get their desired performance which created the 13.5 inch/45 Mark 5.
Media
Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.
See also
- 305 mm/45 Mark X (305 mm) - Preceding British 12-inch gun.
External links
Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:
- topic on the official game forum;
- other literature.
