Difference between revisions of "14 inch/45 Mk.12 (356 mm)"
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== History == | == History == | ||
<!-- ''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.'' --> | <!-- ''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.'' --> | ||
| − | After World War I, the construction of | + | After World War I, the construction of battleships among the major members of the Entente Powers, including the United States, was halted by the signing of the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922, and the London Naval Treaties of 1930 and 1936 put restrictions on the capabilities of future battleships. The United States would not order any new battleships until the ''North Carolina''-class in 1937 and spent most of the interwar period focusing on the development of aircraft carriers. However, they did not neglect their World War I-era dreadnoughts. In 1928, the Navy worked to improve the performance of the 14-inch guns on their dreadnoughts and began putting the guns into service starting in 1933. While the [[14 inch/45 Mk.8 (356 mm)|Mark 8]], Mark 9, and Mark 10 guns were just modernized versions of the existing 14-inch guns, the 14 inch/45 Mark 12 was a further conversion that included a chromium lining to reduce barrel wear. |
| − | Like the other converted 14-inch guns, the Mark 12 was | + | Like the other converted 14-inch guns, the Mark 12 was interchangeable between the various Standard-type battleships that were serving in the US Navy at the time. On the ''Nevada''-class and the ''Pennsylvania''-class battleships, the main batteries were also improved by getting elevation angles up to 30 degrees which in turn improved the maximum range of 23,000 yards to 34,000 yards. |
| − | After the Attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7th, 1941, the ''Nevada'' first got to use her main battery guns in providing fire support for the recapture of Attu Island, Alaska in May 1943. During the | + | After the Attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7th, 1941, the ''Nevada'' first got to use her main battery guns in providing fire support for the recapture of Attu Island, Alaska in May 1943. During the Normandy landings in June 1944, her Mark 12 14-guns were used to break up German formations and delay counterattacks by bombardments of the Cherbourg Peninsula in France at distances as far as 17 nautical miles (20 miles) inland to 600 yards from the frontlines. The ''Nevada'' was next assigned to support Operation Dragoon, the Allied Invasion of Southern France where she dueled a coastal fort nicknamed "Big Willie" on the island of Saint-Mandrier-sur-Mer which was armed with 13.4-inch guns salvaged from the French battleship Provence to guard the entrance of the French port of Toulon. On September 23rd, 1944, the ''Nevada'' engaged in a 6-and-a-half-hour battle against "Big Willie" where she fired 354 salvos and emerged victorious. After the battle, she had to get her barrels relined in New York including the addition of three guns from Turret 1 of the [[USS Arizona|USS ''Arizona'']] modified to the Mark 12 standard. After the relining, USS ''Nevada'' was sent to the Pacific and provided fire support during the invasions of Iwo Jima and Okinawa. After the war, the USS ''Nevada'' was turned into a target ship that was sunk by an aerial torpedo 65 miles southwest of Pearl Harbor on June 31st, 1948. |
== Media == | == Media == | ||
Revision as of 21:23, 19 March 2023
Contents
Description
Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.
Vehicles equipped with this weapon
General info
Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.
Available ammunition
Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).
Comparison with analogues
Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.
Usage in battles
Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.
Pros and cons
Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.
Pros:
Cons:
History
After World War I, the construction of battleships among the major members of the Entente Powers, including the United States, was halted by the signing of the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922, and the London Naval Treaties of 1930 and 1936 put restrictions on the capabilities of future battleships. The United States would not order any new battleships until the North Carolina-class in 1937 and spent most of the interwar period focusing on the development of aircraft carriers. However, they did not neglect their World War I-era dreadnoughts. In 1928, the Navy worked to improve the performance of the 14-inch guns on their dreadnoughts and began putting the guns into service starting in 1933. While the Mark 8, Mark 9, and Mark 10 guns were just modernized versions of the existing 14-inch guns, the 14 inch/45 Mark 12 was a further conversion that included a chromium lining to reduce barrel wear.
Like the other converted 14-inch guns, the Mark 12 was interchangeable between the various Standard-type battleships that were serving in the US Navy at the time. On the Nevada-class and the Pennsylvania-class battleships, the main batteries were also improved by getting elevation angles up to 30 degrees which in turn improved the maximum range of 23,000 yards to 34,000 yards.
After the Attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7th, 1941, the Nevada first got to use her main battery guns in providing fire support for the recapture of Attu Island, Alaska in May 1943. During the Normandy landings in June 1944, her Mark 12 14-guns were used to break up German formations and delay counterattacks by bombardments of the Cherbourg Peninsula in France at distances as far as 17 nautical miles (20 miles) inland to 600 yards from the frontlines. The Nevada was next assigned to support Operation Dragoon, the Allied Invasion of Southern France where she dueled a coastal fort nicknamed "Big Willie" on the island of Saint-Mandrier-sur-Mer which was armed with 13.4-inch guns salvaged from the French battleship Provence to guard the entrance of the French port of Toulon. On September 23rd, 1944, the Nevada engaged in a 6-and-a-half-hour battle against "Big Willie" where she fired 354 salvos and emerged victorious. After the battle, she had to get her barrels relined in New York including the addition of three guns from Turret 1 of the USS Arizona modified to the Mark 12 standard. After the relining, USS Nevada was sent to the Pacific and provided fire support during the invasions of Iwo Jima and Okinawa. After the war, the USS Nevada was turned into a target ship that was sunk by an aerial torpedo 65 miles southwest of Pearl Harbor on June 31st, 1948.
Media
Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.
See also
Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:
- reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;
- references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.
External links
Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:
- topic on the official game forum;
- other literature.
| USA naval cannons | |
|---|---|
| 20 mm | 20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II · 20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mark V · 20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mark 24 |
| 25 mm | 25 mm/87 Mk.38 |
| 28 mm | 1.1 inch/75 Mk.1 |
| 37 mm | AN-M4 |
| 40 mm | Bofors L/60 Mark 1 · Bofors L/60 Mark 2 · Bofors L/60 Mark 3 |
| 76 mm | 3 inch/23 Mk.4 · 3-inch/50 Mk.10 · 3-inch/70 Mk.37 · 3-inch Mark 10 · 3 inch Mk.33 · 3-inch Mk.34 |
| 102 mm | 4 inch/50 Mk.9 |
| 127 mm | 5 inch/25 Mk.11 · 5 inch/25 Mk.13 AA · 5 inch/38 Mk.12 · 5-inch/50 Mk.5 · 5 inch/51 Mk.7 · 127 mm/54 Mark 18 |
| 152 mm | 6 inch/47 Mk.16 · 6 inch/47 DP Mk.16 · 6 inch/53 Mk.12 · M81 |
| 203 mm | 8 inch/55 Mark 9 · 8 inch/55 Mark 12 · 8 inch/55 Mark 14 · 8 inch/55 Mark 16 |
| 305 mm | 12-inch/45 Mk.5 · 12 inch/50 Mk.7 · 12 inch/50 Mk.8 |
| 356 mm | 14 inch/45 Mk.8 · 14 inch/45 Mk.12 · 14 inch/50 Mk.11 |
