Difference between revisions of "SMS Bayern"
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
<!-- ''In the first part of the description, cover the history of the ship's creation and military application. In the second part, tell the reader about using this ship in the game. Add a screenshot: if a beginner player has a hard time remembering vehicles by name, a picture will help them identify the ship in question.'' --> | <!-- ''In the first part of the description, cover the history of the ship's creation and military application. In the second part, tell the reader about using this ship in the game. Add a screenshot: if a beginner player has a hard time remembering vehicles by name, a picture will help them identify the ship in question.'' --> | ||
| − | The '''{{Specs|name}}''' | + | The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was the lead ship of the Bayern-class dreadnoughts of the Kaiserliche Marine. She had one sister, Baden, while the other two ordered ships ([[SMS Sachsen|Sachsen]] and Württemberg) were cancelled. She was laid down on 22nd December 1913 and commissioned on 15th July 1916. She saw very limited service during her career. Her most notable action was in September 1917 during Operation Albion where she, together with four König- and five Kaiser-class battleships, participated in seizing the Baltic island of Ösel (Saaremaa). During the operation, Bayern struck a mine and had to withdraw to Kiel to undergo repairs. Meanwhile, König and Kronprinz engaged the Russian pre-dreadnought battleship Slava and sunk it. After the German surrender, Bayern was to be handed over to the British. She was scuttled by her crew and sunk at Scapa Flow together with the majority of the German High Seas Fleet. |
| + | |||
| + | The Bayern was introduced in [[Update "Danger Zone"]]. She boasts powerful 38 cm guns paired with an only 26-second reload which is faster than most dreadnoughts with smaller calibre guns. The ship itself is very well-protected, though caution is advised when the armour plates covering the magazines at the waterline are destroyed as this can lead to fatal magazine explosion. The coal bunkers behind the armour belt also further enhance the magazine protection. As the Bayern is a WWI-era ship, she is vulnerable to air attacks as she possesses very limited anti-air weaponry. | ||
== General info == | == General info == | ||
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{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}} | {{Specs-Fleet-Armour}} | ||
<!-- ''Talk about the vehicle's armour. Note the most well-defended and most vulnerable zones, e.g. the ammo magazine. Evaluate the composition of components and assemblies responsible for movement and manoeuvrability. Evaluate the survivability of the primary and secondary armaments separately. Don't forget to mention the size of the crew, which plays an important role in fleet mechanics. Save tips on preserving survivability for the "Usage in battles" section. If necessary, use a graphical template to show the most well-protected or most vulnerable points in the armour.'' --> | <!-- ''Talk about the vehicle's armour. Note the most well-defended and most vulnerable zones, e.g. the ammo magazine. Evaluate the composition of components and assemblies responsible for movement and manoeuvrability. Evaluate the survivability of the primary and secondary armaments separately. Don't forget to mention the size of the crew, which plays an important role in fleet mechanics. Save tips on preserving survivability for the "Usage in battles" section. If necessary, use a graphical template to show the most well-protected or most vulnerable points in the armour.'' --> | ||
| − | '' | + | Bayern has a traditional distributed armour scheme, with armour plating protecting nearly the entirety of the ship. Even the layer which houses the secondary 150 mm cannons in casemate mounts has satisfactory horizontal protection against destroyer and light cruiser fire, being covered in 170 mm of rolled cemented armour. Moreover, critical areas of the Bayern such as turret faces, barbettes, and the bridge are all protected by 350 mm of armour. |
| + | |||
| + | The most important part of Bayern's horizontal protection is her main belt, which has a maximal thickness of 350 mm and extends both above and below the waterline. The armoured citadel is additionally protected by more than 3 m of coal (effectively above 85 mm of RHA equivalency) and a turtleback of 30 mm. Bayern's side protection is superior to nearly all her tier peers; only her sisters of the Bayern class and the Scharnhorst have equivalent or better side protection, and the belt armour of the Bayern class is the thickest of any 7.0 battleship. That being said, Bayern's side armour can still be penetrated when unangled and/or at close range by other battleships and battlecruisers. Notably, the quite thin turtleback armour is overmatched by any shells exceeding 210 mm in calibre, and therefore does not provide effective protection against any battleship-calibre rounds. | ||
| + | |||
| + | When facing an enemy at an angle, Bayern benefits from her distributed armour scheme, which includes an extended belt of 200 mm of rolled cemented armour, which tapers to 170 mm at the stern and connects to a 30 mm icebreaker at the bow. This complete longitudinal protection ensures that Bayern is fully protected against cruiser fire across the waterline of her entire hull, and her extended belt armour and icebreaker can prematurely fuse incoming battleship-calibre AP rounds when at an angle. Additionally, Bayern's transverse bulkhead armour is competent, with a maximal thickness of 300 mm around the centreline, though the transverse bulkhead armour decreases to a minimum of 170 mm as you move away from the centreline of the ship. In addition to the primary transverse bulkhead armour, there is an additional transverse armour plate of 140 mm at the point where the extended bow belt armour meets the icebreaker that further protects the Bayern from bow-on fire. The horizontal protection of the stern is also capped off by a 170 mm armour plate, though incoming fire directly hitting the stern from the rear is more unusual than bow-on fire. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The vertical protection of the Bayern is significantly worse than her horizontal protection, as her design was created in an era before attack aircraft or plunging fire was a possible military threat. Her deck armour is only 40 mm of RHA around her smokestacks and superstructure, and the rest of her deck armour is even worse, at only 30 mm. The roof of the armoured citadel similarly is only protected by 30 mm. The lack of vertical protection means Bayern cannot resist any aerial attack, particularly if bombs are dropped. Even explosions from high-powered HE rounds, such as those found on British battleships like the Marlborough, can hit the Bayern's superstructure and splash downward, damaging internal components while bypassing the side armour that would otherwise stop those HE shells. | ||
| + | |||
| + | In contrast with her side protection, Bayern's main turret protection is unimpressive compared to peer battleships. The turret face armour of 350 mm, while effective against cruiser-calibre fire, is definitively penetrated by battleships at ranges less than 10 km. This means that it's quite common for turrets to get disabled when combating other battleships unless a long range is maintained. The sides and backs of her turrets are even less protected at 250 mm and 290 mm respectively, though this armour remains solid against light cruisers until they are at point-blank range, and against more powerful heavy cruisers Bayern's side turret armour is effective until 5 km. | ||
| + | |||
| + | A similar pitfall of Bayern's protection is her internal component locations; her 380 mm shell magazines end exactly at the waterline. This unfortunate placement, in addition to the massive size of her magazines, makes ammunition excessively susceptible to detonation by any penetrating shells. Bayern's boilers and transmissions are also located at the waterline and are therefore also very susceptible to damage. Bayern's propulsion system does have a theoretical merit in that it has three propellers and therefore increased redundancy, though in battle it's unlikely that penetrating hits will only damage one of the propeller systems without damaging any adjacent transmissions or ammunition magazines. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Compounding on the magazine issue, Bayern lacks dedicated torpedo protection, and is therefore exceedingly susceptible to any underwater damage. While there is minor protection of underwater portions by more than a metre of coal and 50 mm plating, the enormous size of the magazines and the consequent proximity to the ship's sides means that torpedo hits near her ammunition stowages will likely cause catastrophic ammunition detonation. The Japanese Type 93 Model 3 torpedoes are a particular danger for the Bayern, given the torpedoes' great range and their nearly one ton of explosive filler. | ||
=== Mobility === | === Mobility === | ||
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}} | {{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}} | ||
<!-- ''Write about the ship's mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward and reverse speed.'' --> | <!-- ''Write about the ship's mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward and reverse speed.'' --> | ||
| − | + | Bayern's mobility is generally unimpressive, as is typical for (super-)dreadnoughts. Bayern's top speed of 41 km/h (48 km/h in arcade) isn't great, though it does compare at least somewhat favourably to other nations' battleships; the Bayern is slightly faster than the American Standard-type battleships, the Russian dreadnoughts (and their Soviet modernisations), British battleships, and French dreadnoughts, though in all these cases the speed difference is near 1 km/h. To complete the national comparison, Japanese super-dreadnoughts and Italian battleships are faster than Bayern. | |
| + | |||
| + | Similarly to her moderate top speed, Bayern has a mediocre turning ability, reducing her ability to dodge incoming fire or torpedoes. Manoeuvres that involve quickly changing course or navigating obstacles are hindered by her slow turn rate, and therefore must be planned out in advance. That being said, Bayern does have good acceleration and deceleration for her displacement, allowing for some amount of evasive manoeuvring. Quickly changing speeds may throw off the enemy's aim, and obfuscate attempts to torpedo the Bayern. | ||
{{NavalMobility}} | {{NavalMobility}} | ||
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<!-- ''Provide information about the characteristics of the primary armament. Evaluate their efficacy in battle based on their reload speed, ballistics and the capacity of their shells. Add a link to the main article about the weapon: <code><nowiki>{{main|Weapon name (calibre)}}</nowiki></code>. Broadly describe the ammunition available for the primary armament, and provide recommendations on how to use it and which ammunition to choose.'' --> | <!-- ''Provide information about the characteristics of the primary armament. Evaluate their efficacy in battle based on their reload speed, ballistics and the capacity of their shells. Add a link to the main article about the weapon: <code><nowiki>{{main|Weapon name (calibre)}}</nowiki></code>. Broadly describe the ammunition available for the primary armament, and provide recommendations on how to use it and which ammunition to choose.'' --> | ||
{{main|SK L/45 (380 mm)}} | {{main|SK L/45 (380 mm)}} | ||
| + | Bayern's main armament consists of eight powerful 38 cm/45 SK L/45 cannons in four twin turrets. The 380 mm (roughly 15 inch) guns have several merits against other battleship-calibre guns at the Bayern's battle rating, though there are also significant issues with the guns when considering battleship-on-battleship combat. | ||
| + | |||
| + | One advantage the 38 cm/45 guns have above-average is their rates of fire: 2.3 rounds per minute, or roughly a 26 second reload. This rate of fire is the highest of any 14 inch (356 mm) or 15 inch (381 mm) guns currently in-game. This also gives the eight guns a collective rate of fire similar to a nine-gun battleship with a rate of fire of 2 rounds per minute, though it should be noted that most 14 inch-armed battleships have more than nine guns. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The shells available for Bayern's 380 mm guns also carry significant explosive charges. There are two shells available for the 38 cm/45 guns; 38 cm Sprenggranate L/4,1 mit Bodenzünder (Spgr. L/4,1 m BdZ) SAP and 38 cm Panzersprenggranate L/3,5 (Psgr. L/3,5) APCBC. Both rounds have a good muzzle velocity of 800 m/s, and therefore also have favourable ballistics for ease of aiming. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The SAP has an excellent explosive filler of 67.1 kg of TNT and a decent penetration above 450 mm at point blank, though the penetration drops to 221 mm at a distance of 10 km. Therefore the 380 mm SAP is very effective against light and heavy cruisers at any range, and can even be used against unangled battleships at close range (⪅2 km for battleships, ⪅4 km for battlecruisers and Russian dreadnoughts) for great effect, though pursuing close range engagements will come at the expense of the Bayern's survivability. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The APCBC has a good explosive filler of 25 kg of TNT and a penetration of 595 mm at point blank. The penetration is unfortunately unimpressive; it's largely comparable to the British 13.5 inch (343 mm) APC, which is not a compliment to the 15 inch Psgr. L/3,5. Even at 10 km, the APCBC may fail to penetrate other battleships' belt armour, even if they are flat broadside. If enemy battleships are angling at range, the APCBC cannot penetrate their hulls. Similarly to the SAP, at long ranges it becomes necessary for the Bayern to close the gap in order to damage the enemy, but this also increases the Bayern's vulnerabilities. | ||
| + | |||
| + | In another issue alongside the poor penetration, the turrets that the 38 cm/45 guns are mounted in are not outstanding; the turrets have slow traverse rates, though the rotation speed of 4.2 degrees per second is at least average among its contemporary battleships. The firing angles of the turrets are similarly average, allowing for effective but not extreme angling while maximising damage output. Additionally, the protection of the four turrets, while competent against cruiser fire, is not as effective against other battleship-calibre rounds.{{:SK L/45 (380 mm)/Ammunition|380 mm Spr.gr. L/4.1 Bdz., 380 mm Psgr. L/3.5 APCBC}} | ||
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=== Secondary armament === | === Secondary armament === | ||
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}} | {{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}} | ||
<!-- ''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. Secondary armaments are defined as weapons chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armaments and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that any anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section. If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.'' --> | <!-- ''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. Secondary armaments are defined as weapons chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armaments and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that any anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section. If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.'' --> | ||
{{main|150 mm/45 SK L/45 (150 mm)}} | {{main|150 mm/45 SK L/45 (150 mm)}} | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | Bayern's secondary armament consists of 16 casemate-mounted single 150 mm/45 SK L/45 cannons, distributed along the side of the ship's hull. This is a relatively substantial casemate array when purely considering the number of guns, though the practical performance of the 150 mm guns limits the secondary armament's effectiveness. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | The traverse rates of the casemate mounts are as poor as the rates of the main guns, and therefore cannot perform well against fast or manoeuvring targets. Moreover, the rate of fire for the 150 mm guns is only 7 rounds per minute, which restricts their damage output. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | The 150 mm/45 SK L/45 guns have access to three types of ammunition: HE, SAP, and APCBC. All three shell types have a good muzzle velocity of 835 m/s. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | The HE has a mediocre explosive filler of 1.6 kg of TNT. While this HE can hull-break light coastal vessels, the awful traverse speed of the casemates limits the effectiveness of the guns in this anti-coastal role. Moreover, the explosive filler is poorer than the filler of 5 inch HE shells found on destroyers, and is even less powerful than the Italian 120 mm HE. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | The SAP has an even worse explosive filler (1.05 kg of TNT) than the HE, and only has a penetration of 95 mm at point blank. This can penetrate unarmoured destroyers, but that is the extent of the SAP's capabilities. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | The AP has an explosive mass of 990 g of TNT, and can penetrate 238 mm at point blank. Since AP is only 15 g of TNT less powerful than the SAP and has significantly more penetration, the 150 mm AP is better able to damage light cruisers while maintaining a similar performance against destroyers. However, it should be noted that the fuse delay on the AP is longer than the SAP, so the AP may overpenetrate destroyers if empty areas are hit.{{:150 mm/45 SK L/45 (150 mm)/Ammunition|150 mm Sprgr. L/4.1 Kz, 150 mm Sprgr. L/4.1 Bdz, 150 mm Psgr. L/3.7}} | |
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| − | | Sprgr. L/4.1 Kz | ||
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=== Anti-aircraft armament === | === Anti-aircraft armament === | ||
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{{main|88 mm/45 AA SK L/45 (88 mm)}} | {{main|88 mm/45 AA SK L/45 (88 mm)}} | ||
| − | Like many other WWI-era battleships the anti-aircraft suite on the Bayern is | + | Like many other WWI-era battleships, the anti-aircraft suite on the Bayern is particularly lacking. With only 2 x 88 mm cannons, one on the starboard and port side located near her aft-most funnel, Bayern will struggle to defend herself from enemy aircraft. The reload on these weapons is somewhat decent at 15 rounds per minute, though this is largely insufficient for AA duty. If a shot lands on an enemy aircraft, the 88 mm shell will almost always take it out of the sky, though this is a particularly rare situation given the mediocre traverse rates of the mount. |
| − | With such a small amount of anti-aircraft weapons, their effectiveness against enemy ships | + | With such a small amount of anti-aircraft weapons, their effectiveness against enemy ships is also negligible. It is not recommended to repair these if they are damaged while fighting other ships due to their minimal firepower and lack of AA ability. |
Overall, the anti-aircraft armament on the Bayern is mediocre and matches the poor effectiveness of most other WWI-era battleships. | Overall, the anti-aircraft armament on the Bayern is mediocre and matches the poor effectiveness of most other WWI-era battleships. | ||
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{{main|H/8 (600 mm)}} | {{main|H/8 (600 mm)}} | ||
| − | ' | + | The Bayern has access to nine underwater torpedo tubes and 20 600 mm H/8 torpedoes. There are four torpedo tubes pointing out of both of the Bayern's sides, split in two forward of the first main gun, and two aft of the aft-most main gun. There is an additional torpedo tube pointing directly forward, located in the bow of the Bayern. |
| + | |||
| + | These torpedoes have a satisfactory top speed of 67 km/h (without the torpedo mode modification) and an explosive filler of 268.8 kg of TNT (which can penetrate the typical 250 kg torpedo protection found on battleships), making them viable for use against cruisers and larger ships, though the lack of turning ability limits the use of torpedoes. | ||
== Usage in battles == | == Usage in battles == | ||
<!-- ''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --> | <!-- ''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --> | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | The Bayern is best suited to engage enemies at medium to long ranges, taking advantage of her heavy firepower while maximising the effectiveness of her armour scheme. Her eight 380 mm guns with their high rate of fire can inflict serious damage on both capital ships and cruisers, and the high explosive filler of both Bayern's SAP and AP shells ensures that penetrating hits deal significant damage. However, their penetration falls off significantly at longer ranges, which limits Bayern's anti-battleship performance at long ranges. | ||
| + | |||
| + | While Bayern's armour is thick enough to withstand most cruiser fire even at close ranges, her magazines and internal components are at risk against other capital ships; she should avoid closing to brawling distances with enemy dreadnoughts and battlecruisers if possible. Given her magazine placement near the waterline, close-quarters combat against enemy capital ships is extremely risky, as a single penetrating salvo could prove catastrophic and instantly destroy the Bayern. Therefore the Bayern must balance firing from a distance to preserve her survivability with closing to engage more effectively with her own main guns. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Mobility is less of a defining trait for the Bayern, particularly when compared to battlecruisers and fast battleships, given the generally low manoeuvrability of dreadnoughts. Her good acceleration allows for some evasive manoeuvres if targeted by torpedoes, but while reasonably manoeuvrable for her size, her top speed is not exceptional. Thus the Bayern player must carefully position themselves based on the map and matchup, staying with allied ships while engaging enemies from a distance. | ||
| + | |||
| + | It is advantageous, if possible, for the Bayern to operate near ships that possess strong anti-aircraft armaments, such as cruisers, modern battlecruisers, and modernised American battleships. While the Bayern has very little AA defence of its own, being accompanied by allied ships with heavy calibre AA guns allows their collective fire to keep enemy aircraft at bay and shield the Bayern from air attacks. These allied ships can also help screen for torpedo boats and other small, fast coastal vessels that could sneak up unnoticed and capitalise on the Bayern's weak anti-torpedo defences. | ||
=== Pros and cons === | === Pros and cons === | ||
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --> | <!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --> | ||
| + | |||
'''Pros:''' | '''Pros:''' | ||
* Strong belt armour | * Strong belt armour | ||
* Manoeuvrable: good acceleration and deceleration | * Manoeuvrable: good acceleration and deceleration | ||
| + | * Excellent main gun damage due to high explosive filler for both SAP and AP rounds | ||
| + | * Above-average rate of fire | ||
'''Cons:''' | '''Cons:''' | ||
* Extremely weak deck armour, only two layers of 30 mm armour plate | * Extremely weak deck armour, only two layers of 30 mm armour plate | ||
| − | * Mediocre main gun: SAP loses penetration over distance drastically, and APC has less than 600 mm penetration | + | * Mediocre main gun penetration: SAP loses penetration over distance drastically, and APC has less than 600 mm penetration |
* Main gun ammunition is stored together with auxiliary gun ammunition; they are prone to fire hazard and chain detonation | * Main gun ammunition is stored together with auxiliary gun ammunition; they are prone to fire hazard and chain detonation | ||
| − | * Crew compartments and boilers/transmission are not separated by internal structural armour. Fire will spread and cause severe damage | + | * Crew compartments and boilers/transmission are not separated by internal structural armour. Fire will spread and cause severe damage |
== History == | == History == | ||
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the ship and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Ship-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the ship's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --> | <!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the ship and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Ship-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the ship's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --> | ||
| − | SMS Bayern was the lead ship of Bayern class dreadnoughts of Kaiserliche Marine. She had one sister, Baden, the other two ordered ships were cancelled. She was laid down on 22nd December 1913 and | + | SMS Bayern was the lead ship of the Bayern-class dreadnoughts of the Kaiserliche Marine. She had one sister, Baden, while the other two ordered ships were cancelled. She was laid down on 22nd December 1913 and commissioned on 15th July 1916. She saw very limited service during her career. Her most notable action was in September 1917 during Operation Albion where she, together with four König- and five Kaiser-class battleships, participated in seizing the Baltic island of Ösel (Saaremaa). During the operation, Bayern struck a mine and had to withdraw to Kiel to undergo repairs. Meanwhile, König and Kronprinz engaged the Russian pre-dreadnought battleship Slava and sunk it. After the German surrender, Bayern was to be handed over to the British. She was scuttled by her crew and sunk at Scapa Flow together with the majority of the German High Seas Fleet. |
== Media == | == Media == | ||
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* [[wt:en/news/7699-development-sms-bayern-a-state-at-war-en|[Devblog] SMS Bayern - A State at War]] | * [[wt:en/news/7699-development-sms-bayern-a-state-at-war-en|[Devblog] SMS Bayern - A State at War]] | ||
| − | * [ | + | * [[wikipedia:SMS Bayern|[Wikipedia] SMS Bayern]] |
| − | {{ | + | {{ShipManufacturer Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft}} |
{{Germany battleships}} | {{Germany battleships}} | ||
Latest revision as of 19:14, 21 August 2024
Contents
Description
The Bayern-class, SMS Bayern, 1916 was the lead ship of the Bayern-class dreadnoughts of the Kaiserliche Marine. She had one sister, Baden, while the other two ordered ships (Sachsen and Württemberg) were cancelled. She was laid down on 22nd December 1913 and commissioned on 15th July 1916. She saw very limited service during her career. Her most notable action was in September 1917 during Operation Albion where she, together with four König- and five Kaiser-class battleships, participated in seizing the Baltic island of Ösel (Saaremaa). During the operation, Bayern struck a mine and had to withdraw to Kiel to undergo repairs. Meanwhile, König and Kronprinz engaged the Russian pre-dreadnought battleship Slava and sunk it. After the German surrender, Bayern was to be handed over to the British. She was scuttled by her crew and sunk at Scapa Flow together with the majority of the German High Seas Fleet.
The Bayern was introduced in Update "Danger Zone". She boasts powerful 38 cm guns paired with an only 26-second reload which is faster than most dreadnoughts with smaller calibre guns. The ship itself is very well-protected, though caution is advised when the armour plates covering the magazines at the waterline are destroyed as this can lead to fatal magazine explosion. The coal bunkers behind the armour belt also further enhance the magazine protection. As the Bayern is a WWI-era ship, she is vulnerable to air attacks as she possesses very limited anti-air weaponry.
General info
Survivability and armour
Bayern has a traditional distributed armour scheme, with armour plating protecting nearly the entirety of the ship. Even the layer which houses the secondary 150 mm cannons in casemate mounts has satisfactory horizontal protection against destroyer and light cruiser fire, being covered in 170 mm of rolled cemented armour. Moreover, critical areas of the Bayern such as turret faces, barbettes, and the bridge are all protected by 350 mm of armour.
The most important part of Bayern's horizontal protection is her main belt, which has a maximal thickness of 350 mm and extends both above and below the waterline. The armoured citadel is additionally protected by more than 3 m of coal (effectively above 85 mm of RHA equivalency) and a turtleback of 30 mm. Bayern's side protection is superior to nearly all her tier peers; only her sisters of the Bayern class and the Scharnhorst have equivalent or better side protection, and the belt armour of the Bayern class is the thickest of any 7.0 battleship. That being said, Bayern's side armour can still be penetrated when unangled and/or at close range by other battleships and battlecruisers. Notably, the quite thin turtleback armour is overmatched by any shells exceeding 210 mm in calibre, and therefore does not provide effective protection against any battleship-calibre rounds.
When facing an enemy at an angle, Bayern benefits from her distributed armour scheme, which includes an extended belt of 200 mm of rolled cemented armour, which tapers to 170 mm at the stern and connects to a 30 mm icebreaker at the bow. This complete longitudinal protection ensures that Bayern is fully protected against cruiser fire across the waterline of her entire hull, and her extended belt armour and icebreaker can prematurely fuse incoming battleship-calibre AP rounds when at an angle. Additionally, Bayern's transverse bulkhead armour is competent, with a maximal thickness of 300 mm around the centreline, though the transverse bulkhead armour decreases to a minimum of 170 mm as you move away from the centreline of the ship. In addition to the primary transverse bulkhead armour, there is an additional transverse armour plate of 140 mm at the point where the extended bow belt armour meets the icebreaker that further protects the Bayern from bow-on fire. The horizontal protection of the stern is also capped off by a 170 mm armour plate, though incoming fire directly hitting the stern from the rear is more unusual than bow-on fire.
The vertical protection of the Bayern is significantly worse than her horizontal protection, as her design was created in an era before attack aircraft or plunging fire was a possible military threat. Her deck armour is only 40 mm of RHA around her smokestacks and superstructure, and the rest of her deck armour is even worse, at only 30 mm. The roof of the armoured citadel similarly is only protected by 30 mm. The lack of vertical protection means Bayern cannot resist any aerial attack, particularly if bombs are dropped. Even explosions from high-powered HE rounds, such as those found on British battleships like the Marlborough, can hit the Bayern's superstructure and splash downward, damaging internal components while bypassing the side armour that would otherwise stop those HE shells.
In contrast with her side protection, Bayern's main turret protection is unimpressive compared to peer battleships. The turret face armour of 350 mm, while effective against cruiser-calibre fire, is definitively penetrated by battleships at ranges less than 10 km. This means that it's quite common for turrets to get disabled when combating other battleships unless a long range is maintained. The sides and backs of her turrets are even less protected at 250 mm and 290 mm respectively, though this armour remains solid against light cruisers until they are at point-blank range, and against more powerful heavy cruisers Bayern's side turret armour is effective until 5 km.
A similar pitfall of Bayern's protection is her internal component locations; her 380 mm shell magazines end exactly at the waterline. This unfortunate placement, in addition to the massive size of her magazines, makes ammunition excessively susceptible to detonation by any penetrating shells. Bayern's boilers and transmissions are also located at the waterline and are therefore also very susceptible to damage. Bayern's propulsion system does have a theoretical merit in that it has three propellers and therefore increased redundancy, though in battle it's unlikely that penetrating hits will only damage one of the propeller systems without damaging any adjacent transmissions or ammunition magazines.
Compounding on the magazine issue, Bayern lacks dedicated torpedo protection, and is therefore exceedingly susceptible to any underwater damage. While there is minor protection of underwater portions by more than a metre of coal and 50 mm plating, the enormous size of the magazines and the consequent proximity to the ship's sides means that torpedo hits near her ammunition stowages will likely cause catastrophic ammunition detonation. The Japanese Type 93 Model 3 torpedoes are a particular danger for the Bayern, given the torpedoes' great range and their nearly one ton of explosive filler.
Mobility
Bayern's mobility is generally unimpressive, as is typical for (super-)dreadnoughts. Bayern's top speed of 41 km/h (48 km/h in arcade) isn't great, though it does compare at least somewhat favourably to other nations' battleships; the Bayern is slightly faster than the American Standard-type battleships, the Russian dreadnoughts (and their Soviet modernisations), British battleships, and French dreadnoughts, though in all these cases the speed difference is near 1 km/h. To complete the national comparison, Japanese super-dreadnoughts and Italian battleships are faster than Bayern.
Similarly to her moderate top speed, Bayern has a mediocre turning ability, reducing her ability to dodge incoming fire or torpedoes. Manoeuvres that involve quickly changing course or navigating obstacles are hindered by her slow turn rate, and therefore must be planned out in advance. That being said, Bayern does have good acceleration and deceleration for her displacement, allowing for some amount of evasive manoeuvring. Quickly changing speeds may throw off the enemy's aim, and obfuscate attempts to torpedo the Bayern.
| Mobility Characteristics | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Game Mode | Upgrade Status | Maximum Speed (km/h) | |
| Forward | Reverse | ||
| AB | |||
| Upgraded | 48 | 27 | |
| RB/SB | |||
| Upgraded | 41 | 23 | |
Modifications and economy
| Seakeeping | Unsinkability | Firepower | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Armament
Primary armament
Bayern's main armament consists of eight powerful 38 cm/45 SK L/45 cannons in four twin turrets. The 380 mm (roughly 15 inch) guns have several merits against other battleship-calibre guns at the Bayern's battle rating, though there are also significant issues with the guns when considering battleship-on-battleship combat.
One advantage the 38 cm/45 guns have above-average is their rates of fire: 2.3 rounds per minute, or roughly a 26 second reload. This rate of fire is the highest of any 14 inch (356 mm) or 15 inch (381 mm) guns currently in-game. This also gives the eight guns a collective rate of fire similar to a nine-gun battleship with a rate of fire of 2 rounds per minute, though it should be noted that most 14 inch-armed battleships have more than nine guns.
The shells available for Bayern's 380 mm guns also carry significant explosive charges. There are two shells available for the 38 cm/45 guns; 38 cm Sprenggranate L/4,1 mit Bodenzünder (Spgr. L/4,1 m BdZ) SAP and 38 cm Panzersprenggranate L/3,5 (Psgr. L/3,5) APCBC. Both rounds have a good muzzle velocity of 800 m/s, and therefore also have favourable ballistics for ease of aiming.
The SAP has an excellent explosive filler of 67.1 kg of TNT and a decent penetration above 450 mm at point blank, though the penetration drops to 221 mm at a distance of 10 km. Therefore the 380 mm SAP is very effective against light and heavy cruisers at any range, and can even be used against unangled battleships at close range (⪅2 km for battleships, ⪅4 km for battlecruisers and Russian dreadnoughts) for great effect, though pursuing close range engagements will come at the expense of the Bayern's survivability.
The APCBC has a good explosive filler of 25 kg of TNT and a penetration of 595 mm at point blank. The penetration is unfortunately unimpressive; it's largely comparable to the British 13.5 inch (343 mm) APC, which is not a compliment to the 15 inch Psgr. L/3,5. Even at 10 km, the APCBC may fail to penetrate other battleships' belt armour, even if they are flat broadside. If enemy battleships are angling at range, the APCBC cannot penetrate their hulls. Similarly to the SAP, at long ranges it becomes necessary for the Bayern to close the gap in order to damage the enemy, but this also increases the Bayern's vulnerabilities.
In another issue alongside the poor penetration, the turrets that the 38 cm/45 guns are mounted in are not outstanding; the turrets have slow traverse rates, though the rotation speed of 4.2 degrees per second is at least average among its contemporary battleships. The firing angles of the turrets are similarly average, allowing for effective but not extreme angling while maximising damage output. Additionally, the protection of the four turrets, while competent against cruiser fire, is not as effective against other battleship-calibre rounds.
| Penetration statistics | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammunition | Type of warhead |
Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm) | |||||
| 1,000 m | 2,500 m | 5,000 m | 7,500 m | 10,000 m | 15,000 m | ||
| Spr.gr. L/4,1 Bdz. | SAP | 458 | 402 | 325 | 266 | 221 | 170 |
| Psgr. L/3,5 APCBC | APCBC | 595 | 553 | 492 | 440 | 396 | 332 |
| Shell details | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammunition | Type of warhead |
Velocity (m/s) |
Projectile mass (kg) |
Fuse delay (s) |
Fuse sensitivity (mm) |
Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (kg) |
Ricochet | |||||
| 0% | 50% | 100% | ||||||||||
| Spr.gr. L/4,1 Bdz. | SAP | 800 | 750 | 0.025 | 26 | 67.1 | 47° | 60° | 65° | |||
| Psgr. L/3,5 APCBC | APCBC | 800 | 750 | 0.025 | 26 | 25 | 48° | 63° | 71° | |||
Secondary armament
Bayern's secondary armament consists of 16 casemate-mounted single 150 mm/45 SK L/45 cannons, distributed along the side of the ship's hull. This is a relatively substantial casemate array when purely considering the number of guns, though the practical performance of the 150 mm guns limits the secondary armament's effectiveness.
The traverse rates of the casemate mounts are as poor as the rates of the main guns, and therefore cannot perform well against fast or manoeuvring targets. Moreover, the rate of fire for the 150 mm guns is only 7 rounds per minute, which restricts their damage output.
The 150 mm/45 SK L/45 guns have access to three types of ammunition: HE, SAP, and APCBC. All three shell types have a good muzzle velocity of 835 m/s.
The HE has a mediocre explosive filler of 1.6 kg of TNT. While this HE can hull-break light coastal vessels, the awful traverse speed of the casemates limits the effectiveness of the guns in this anti-coastal role. Moreover, the explosive filler is poorer than the filler of 5 inch HE shells found on destroyers, and is even less powerful than the Italian 120 mm HE.
The SAP has an even worse explosive filler (1.05 kg of TNT) than the HE, and only has a penetration of 95 mm at point blank. This can penetrate unarmoured destroyers, but that is the extent of the SAP's capabilities.
The AP has an explosive mass of 990 g of TNT, and can penetrate 238 mm at point blank. Since AP is only 15 g of TNT less powerful than the SAP and has significantly more penetration, the 150 mm AP is better able to damage light cruisers while maintaining a similar performance against destroyers. However, it should be noted that the fuse delay on the AP is longer than the SAP, so the AP may overpenetrate destroyers if empty areas are hit.
| Penetration statistics | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammunition | Type of warhead |
Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm) | |||||
| 1,000 m | 2,500 m | 5,000 m | 7,500 m | 10,000 m | 15,000 m | ||
| Sprgr. L/4.1 Kz | HE | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 |
| Sprgr. L/4.1 Bdz | SAPBC | 95 | 80 | 61 | 47 | 37 | 28 |
| Psgr. L/3.7 | APCBC | 238 | 201 | 153 | 117 | 93 | 71 |
| Shell details | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammunition | Type of warhead |
Velocity (m/s) |
Projectile mass (kg) |
Fuse delay (s) |
Fuse sensitivity (mm) |
Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (g) |
Ricochet | |||||
| 0% | 50% | 100% | ||||||||||
| Sprgr. L/4.1 Kz | HE | 835 | 45.3 | 0 | 0.1 | 1,600 | 79° | 80° | 81° | |||
| Sprgr. L/4.1 Bdz | SAPBC | 835 | 45.3 | 0.01 | 7 | 1,050 | 48° | 63° | 71° | |||
| Psgr. L/3.7 | APCBC | 835 | 45.3 | 0.015 | 7 | 990 | 48° | 63° | 71° | |||
Anti-aircraft armament
Like many other WWI-era battleships, the anti-aircraft suite on the Bayern is particularly lacking. With only 2 x 88 mm cannons, one on the starboard and port side located near her aft-most funnel, Bayern will struggle to defend herself from enemy aircraft. The reload on these weapons is somewhat decent at 15 rounds per minute, though this is largely insufficient for AA duty. If a shot lands on an enemy aircraft, the 88 mm shell will almost always take it out of the sky, though this is a particularly rare situation given the mediocre traverse rates of the mount.
With such a small amount of anti-aircraft weapons, their effectiveness against enemy ships is also negligible. It is not recommended to repair these if they are damaged while fighting other ships due to their minimal firepower and lack of AA ability.
Overall, the anti-aircraft armament on the Bayern is mediocre and matches the poor effectiveness of most other WWI-era battleships.
Additional armament
The Bayern has access to nine underwater torpedo tubes and 20 600 mm H/8 torpedoes. There are four torpedo tubes pointing out of both of the Bayern's sides, split in two forward of the first main gun, and two aft of the aft-most main gun. There is an additional torpedo tube pointing directly forward, located in the bow of the Bayern.
These torpedoes have a satisfactory top speed of 67 km/h (without the torpedo mode modification) and an explosive filler of 268.8 kg of TNT (which can penetrate the typical 250 kg torpedo protection found on battleships), making them viable for use against cruisers and larger ships, though the lack of turning ability limits the use of torpedoes.
Usage in battles
The Bayern is best suited to engage enemies at medium to long ranges, taking advantage of her heavy firepower while maximising the effectiveness of her armour scheme. Her eight 380 mm guns with their high rate of fire can inflict serious damage on both capital ships and cruisers, and the high explosive filler of both Bayern's SAP and AP shells ensures that penetrating hits deal significant damage. However, their penetration falls off significantly at longer ranges, which limits Bayern's anti-battleship performance at long ranges.
While Bayern's armour is thick enough to withstand most cruiser fire even at close ranges, her magazines and internal components are at risk against other capital ships; she should avoid closing to brawling distances with enemy dreadnoughts and battlecruisers if possible. Given her magazine placement near the waterline, close-quarters combat against enemy capital ships is extremely risky, as a single penetrating salvo could prove catastrophic and instantly destroy the Bayern. Therefore the Bayern must balance firing from a distance to preserve her survivability with closing to engage more effectively with her own main guns.
Mobility is less of a defining trait for the Bayern, particularly when compared to battlecruisers and fast battleships, given the generally low manoeuvrability of dreadnoughts. Her good acceleration allows for some evasive manoeuvres if targeted by torpedoes, but while reasonably manoeuvrable for her size, her top speed is not exceptional. Thus the Bayern player must carefully position themselves based on the map and matchup, staying with allied ships while engaging enemies from a distance.
It is advantageous, if possible, for the Bayern to operate near ships that possess strong anti-aircraft armaments, such as cruisers, modern battlecruisers, and modernised American battleships. While the Bayern has very little AA defence of its own, being accompanied by allied ships with heavy calibre AA guns allows their collective fire to keep enemy aircraft at bay and shield the Bayern from air attacks. These allied ships can also help screen for torpedo boats and other small, fast coastal vessels that could sneak up unnoticed and capitalise on the Bayern's weak anti-torpedo defences.
Pros and cons
Pros:
- Strong belt armour
- Manoeuvrable: good acceleration and deceleration
- Excellent main gun damage due to high explosive filler for both SAP and AP rounds
- Above-average rate of fire
Cons:
- Extremely weak deck armour, only two layers of 30 mm armour plate
- Mediocre main gun penetration: SAP loses penetration over distance drastically, and APC has less than 600 mm penetration
- Main gun ammunition is stored together with auxiliary gun ammunition; they are prone to fire hazard and chain detonation
- Crew compartments and boilers/transmission are not separated by internal structural armour. Fire will spread and cause severe damage
History
SMS Bayern was the lead ship of the Bayern-class dreadnoughts of the Kaiserliche Marine. She had one sister, Baden, while the other two ordered ships were cancelled. She was laid down on 22nd December 1913 and commissioned on 15th July 1916. She saw very limited service during her career. Her most notable action was in September 1917 during Operation Albion where she, together with four König- and five Kaiser-class battleships, participated in seizing the Baltic island of Ösel (Saaremaa). During the operation, Bayern struck a mine and had to withdraw to Kiel to undergo repairs. Meanwhile, König and Kronprinz engaged the Russian pre-dreadnought battleship Slava and sunk it. After the German surrender, Bayern was to be handed over to the British. She was scuttled by her crew and sunk at Scapa Flow together with the majority of the German High Seas Fleet.
Media
- Skins
See also
Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:
- reference to the series of the ship;
- links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.
External links
| Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft | |
|---|---|
| Minelayer | |
| R-1-class | Drache(*)** |
| Battleships | |
| Helgoland-class | SMS Helgoland* |
| Bayern-class | SMS Bayern* |
| *Previously Howaldtswerke, Kiel **Previously Deutsche Werft, Hamburg (*)KB Zmaj before it was captured by Nazi Germany | |
| Germany battleships | |
|---|---|
| Nassau-class | SMS Nassau · SMS Westfalen |
| Helgoland-class | SMS Helgoland · SMS Ostfriesland |
| Kaiser-class | SMS Kaiser |
| Bayern-class | SMS Bayern · SMS Baden · SMS Sachsen |
