Difference between revisions of "14 inch/45 Mk.8 (356 mm)"
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| + | [[File:14 inch-45 Mk.8.png|thumb|x250px|14 inch/45 Mk.8 cannon on the USS Arizona]] | ||
== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | ''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.'' | + | <!-- ''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.'' --> |
| + | The '''14 inch/45 Mk.8''' is an American 356 mm naval gun. Developed in the early 1930s by the United States Navy, it was first used in combat during World War II. The gun was a crucial component of battleships and heavy cruisers, providing them with the firepower needed to engage enemy vessels at long ranges. | ||
=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon === | === Vehicles equipped with this weapon === | ||
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== General info == | == General info == | ||
| − | ''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.'' | + | <!-- ''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.'' --> |
| + | The 14 inch/45 Mk.8 had a range of up to 23 miles and could fire a variety of shells, including armour-piercing, high explosive, and illumination rounds. The 14 inch/45 Mk.8 was designed to be a versatile weapon, capable of engaging a variety of targets. Its high muzzle velocity and heavy shell made it ideal for engaging other warships, but it was also effective against land-based targets such as fortifications and coastal batteries. During World War II, the gun was used extensively in the Pacific theatre, where it played a critical role in several major naval battles. | ||
=== Available ammunition === | === Available ammunition === | ||
<!-- ''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).'' --> | <!-- ''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).'' --> | ||
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=== Comparison with analogues === | === Comparison with analogues === | ||
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=== Pros and cons === | === Pros and cons === | ||
| − | ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.'' | + | <!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.'' --> |
'''Pros:''' | '''Pros:''' | ||
| − | * | + | |
| + | * High calibre inflicts devastating damage | ||
| + | * Can hit targets from long range | ||
'''Cons:''' | '''Cons:''' | ||
| − | * | + | |
| + | * Very long reload time | ||
| + | * Only 2 types of shells available | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
| − | ''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.'' | + | <!-- ''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.'' --> |
| + | Between 1906 and 1919, the United States constructed 29 battleships and 6 battlecruisers as part of the international naval arms race around the turn of the century. During the 1908 Newport Conference, the United States decided to upgrade to 14-inch guns from their older [[12-inch/45 Mk.5 (305 mm)|12-inch/45 Mk.5]] guns. This move was to ensure supremacy against the Royal Navy and German Navy which had adopted 13.5-inch and 12-inch guns respectively. The resulting 14-inch/45 Mark 1 guns were first mounted on the ''New York''-class battleships the USS ''New York'' and its more famous sister ship, USS ''Texas''. The 14"/45 would subsequently be mounted on the ''Nevada''-class ships the USS ''Nevada'' and USS ''Oklahoma'', and the ''Pennsylvania''-class ships USS ''Pennsylvania'' and [[USS Arizona|USS ''Arizona'']]. After World War I, the Washington Naval Treaty put a 10-year "holiday" on capital ship construction for the five signatory nations and the United States would keep most of their World War I-era dreadnoughts in service until World War II, but they did not go through the interwar period unchanged. The escalation of tensions of Germany and Japan in the 1930s led to modernization of the United States' existing dreadnoughts. | ||
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| + | The 14-inch/45 Mark 1 gun was upgraded and re-designated the Mark 8 with a more modern construction and larger chamber volume for more powerful charges. The 14-inch/45 guns were effectively interchangeable between ships which did occur after the USS ''Arizona'' and USS ''Oklahoma'' were sunk at Pearl Harbor on December 7th, 1941. Three of ''Arizona''<nowiki/>'s guns from the number 2 turret were undergoing a relining at the time and were installed on the USS ''Nevada'' which would serve in the coastal bombardment role at Iwo Jima and Okinawa. The number 1 turret was too badly damaged to be salvaged, but the remaining guns were repurposed as coastal artillery defending Hawaii with US Army Coastal Artillery Corps Battery Arizona on the west coast of Oahu while Battery Pennsylvania was assigned to Mokapu Point. | ||
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| + | On the remaining ships, USS ''New York'' provided coastal bombardment support during Operation Torch in 1942 attacking Safi Harbor, Morocco alongside USS ''Pennsylvania''. The USS ''Pennsylvania'' herself would later serve during the Aleutian Island Campaign in 1943. The USS ''Texas'' took part in the naval landings of Normandy known as Operation Overlord supporting both the US Army Ranger landings at Pointe Du Hoc, and the landings at Omaha Beach. The USS ''Nevada'' (not yet refitted with the ''Arizona''<nowiki/>'s gun turrets) also participated at Normandy by bombarding the Cherbourg Peninsula. The USS ''Pennsylvania'' would serve a long career throughout the Pacific Theater, with its 14-inch guns also bombarding Makin Atoll, the Marina Islands, the Marshall Islands, and the Philippines, while the ''New York'' and ''Texas'' would join the ''Nevada'' at Iwo Jima and Okinawa. | ||
== Media == | == Media == | ||
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== External links == | == External links == | ||
| − | ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:'' | + | <!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:'' |
* ''topic on the official game forum;'' | * ''topic on the official game forum;'' | ||
| − | * ''other literature.'' | + | * ''other literature.'' --> |
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| + | * [[wikipedia:14-inch/45-caliber gun|[Wikipedia] 14-inch/45-caliber gun]] | ||
| + | * [http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_14-45_mk10.php <nowiki>[NavWeaps]</nowiki> USA 14"/45 (35.6 cm) Marks 8, 9, 10 and 12] | ||
{{USA naval cannons}} | {{USA naval cannons}} | ||
[[Category:Naval cannons]] | [[Category:Naval cannons]] | ||
Latest revision as of 18:39, 17 April 2024
Contents
Description
The 14 inch/45 Mk.8 is an American 356 mm naval gun. Developed in the early 1930s by the United States Navy, it was first used in combat during World War II. The gun was a crucial component of battleships and heavy cruisers, providing them with the firepower needed to engage enemy vessels at long ranges.
Vehicles equipped with this weapon
General info
The 14 inch/45 Mk.8 had a range of up to 23 miles and could fire a variety of shells, including armour-piercing, high explosive, and illumination rounds. The 14 inch/45 Mk.8 was designed to be a versatile weapon, capable of engaging a variety of targets. Its high muzzle velocity and heavy shell made it ideal for engaging other warships, but it was also effective against land-based targets such as fortifications and coastal batteries. During World War II, the gun was used extensively in the Pacific theatre, where it played a critical role in several major naval battles.
Available ammunition
| Penetration statistics | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammunition | Type of warhead |
Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm) | |||||
| 1,000 m | 2,500 m | 5,000 m | 7,500 m | 10,000 m | 15,000 m | ||
| Mk.9 HE | HE | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 |
| Mk.8 APCBC | APCBC | 637 | 597 | 536 | 484 | 439 | 372 |
| Shell details | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammunition | Type of warhead |
Velocity (m/s) |
Projectile mass (kg) |
Fuse delay (s) |
Fuse sensitivity (mm) |
Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (kg) |
Ricochet | |||||
| 0% | 50% | 100% | ||||||||||
| Mk.9 HE | HE | 823 | 635 | 0 | 0.1 | 46.67 | 79° | 80° | 81° | |||
| Mk.8 APCBC | APCBC | 823 | 635 | 0.035 | 17 | 15.24 | 48° | 63° | 71° | |||
Comparison with analogues
Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.
Usage in battles
Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.
Pros and cons
Pros:
- High calibre inflicts devastating damage
- Can hit targets from long range
Cons:
- Very long reload time
- Only 2 types of shells available
History
Between 1906 and 1919, the United States constructed 29 battleships and 6 battlecruisers as part of the international naval arms race around the turn of the century. During the 1908 Newport Conference, the United States decided to upgrade to 14-inch guns from their older 12-inch/45 Mk.5 guns. This move was to ensure supremacy against the Royal Navy and German Navy which had adopted 13.5-inch and 12-inch guns respectively. The resulting 14-inch/45 Mark 1 guns were first mounted on the New York-class battleships the USS New York and its more famous sister ship, USS Texas. The 14"/45 would subsequently be mounted on the Nevada-class ships the USS Nevada and USS Oklahoma, and the Pennsylvania-class ships USS Pennsylvania and USS Arizona. After World War I, the Washington Naval Treaty put a 10-year "holiday" on capital ship construction for the five signatory nations and the United States would keep most of their World War I-era dreadnoughts in service until World War II, but they did not go through the interwar period unchanged. The escalation of tensions of Germany and Japan in the 1930s led to modernization of the United States' existing dreadnoughts.
The 14-inch/45 Mark 1 gun was upgraded and re-designated the Mark 8 with a more modern construction and larger chamber volume for more powerful charges. The 14-inch/45 guns were effectively interchangeable between ships which did occur after the USS Arizona and USS Oklahoma were sunk at Pearl Harbor on December 7th, 1941. Three of Arizona's guns from the number 2 turret were undergoing a relining at the time and were installed on the USS Nevada which would serve in the coastal bombardment role at Iwo Jima and Okinawa. The number 1 turret was too badly damaged to be salvaged, but the remaining guns were repurposed as coastal artillery defending Hawaii with US Army Coastal Artillery Corps Battery Arizona on the west coast of Oahu while Battery Pennsylvania was assigned to Mokapu Point.
On the remaining ships, USS New York provided coastal bombardment support during Operation Torch in 1942 attacking Safi Harbor, Morocco alongside USS Pennsylvania. The USS Pennsylvania herself would later serve during the Aleutian Island Campaign in 1943. The USS Texas took part in the naval landings of Normandy known as Operation Overlord supporting both the US Army Ranger landings at Pointe Du Hoc, and the landings at Omaha Beach. The USS Nevada (not yet refitted with the Arizona's gun turrets) also participated at Normandy by bombarding the Cherbourg Peninsula. The USS Pennsylvania would serve a long career throughout the Pacific Theater, with its 14-inch guns also bombarding Makin Atoll, the Marina Islands, the Marshall Islands, and the Philippines, while the New York and Texas would join the Nevada at Iwo Jima and Okinawa.
Media
Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.
See also
Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:
- reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;
- references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.
External links
| USA naval cannons | |
|---|---|
| 20 mm | 20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II · 20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mark V · 20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mark 24 |
| 25 mm | 25 mm/87 Mk.38 |
| 28 mm | 1.1 inch/75 Mk.1 |
| 37 mm | AN-M4 |
| 40 mm | Bofors L/60 Mark 1 · Bofors L/60 Mark 2 · Bofors L/60 Mark 3 |
| 76 mm | 3 inch/23 Mk.4 · 3-inch/50 Mk.10 · 3-inch/70 Mk.37 · 3-inch Mark 10 · 3 inch Mk.33 · 3-inch Mk.34 |
| 102 mm | 4 inch/50 Mk.9 |
| 127 mm | 5 inch/25 Mk.11 · 5 inch/25 Mk.13 AA · 5 inch/38 Mk.12 · 5-inch/50 Mk.5 · 5 inch/51 Mk.7 · 127 mm/54 Mark 18 |
| 152 mm | 6 inch/47 Mk.16 · 6 inch/47 DP Mk.16 · 6 inch/53 Mk.12 · M81 |
| 203 mm | 8 inch/55 Mark 9 · 8 inch/55 Mark 12 · 8 inch/55 Mark 14 · 8 inch/55 Mark 16 |
| 305 mm | 12-inch/45 Mk.5 · 12 inch/50 Mk.7 · 12 inch/50 Mk.8 |
| 356 mm | 14 inch/45 Mk.8 · 14 inch/45 Mk.12 · 14 inch/50 Mk.11 |
