Difference between revisions of "SPAA radars"

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<!--incomplete, will need checking by someone who owns certain SPAA types, I only own Chieftain marksman.-->
 
<!--incomplete, will need checking by someone who owns certain SPAA types, I only own Chieftain marksman.-->
  
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Since update [[Update_1.87_"Locked_On"|"locked on"]] SPAA's and certain planes can use radars in more in-depth, meaningful ways.
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War Thunder [[Update 1.87 "Locked On"]] introduced the capability of utilising radar units in a more active way in SPAA's and aircraft which historically had the use of early radars allowing for a more in-depth realism and a historic feel when utilising these vehicles.
  
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Before the update, radars simply allowed SPAA to have targeting reticle in Realistic and Simulator battles. Those targeting reticles were extremely inaccurate, though helpful.
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Prior to this update, radars simply allowed SPAA to use a targeting reticle in realistic and simulator battle modes. While those targeting reticles tended to be extremely inaccurate, they were nonetheless helpful to the operator.
  
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Now radars can actively search and lock onto an enemy, providing completely accurate firing solutions, though sometimes at a cost.
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Post update, radars now have the capability to actively search, detect and lock onto an enemy's signal all the while providing a completely accurate firing solution, however, such battlefield benefits does come with its own share of risks when used.
  
 
==SPAA Radar Types==
 
==SPAA Radar Types==
  
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There are 2 general types of radar for SPAA currently in the game '''Rangefinder''' and '''Active Radar''':
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At this time, War Thunder utilises two types of radar in SPAA vehicles, these radar units include the '''Rangefinder''' and the '''Active Radar''':
  
 
===Rangefinder===
 
===Rangefinder===
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Rangefinders do not actively search for targets but will tell if "something is flying" within its search cone and assists with targeting by providing distance from the SPAA to the target. In some cases, it sets fuses for self-destroying ammo. If locking is available, the target will need to be manually locked..
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Rangefinders work by calculating the distance between two objects. There are two main components to a radio rangefinder which includes the transmitter unit and the receiver unit. The transmitter's job is to transmit a signal, usually, several hundred times a second and then waits.  If an object such as an aircraft flies within the search area of the range finder, the transmitted signals from the rangefinder will bounce off of the aircraft and reflect back to to the SPAA which will then receive the transmitted signal into the receiver. The rangefinder then through a processing unit will calculate the time from when the signal was transmitted and then received and divide it by two, the time resultant is then converted into distance providing the SPAA with the distance to the vehicle being tracked.  The more often the transmitters transmit, the more reflections are received giving the rangefinder an up-to-date distance to the moving aircraft. In some cases, with this data, the SPAA can set fuses for self-destroying ammo causing it to automatically explode near to where the tracked aircraft is showing to be, not requiring a direct hit, but close enough to cause damage through exploding shells. If target locking is an available function then the target will need to be manually locked.
 
[[File:Rangefinder radar display.jpg|nonet|thumb|How radar display looks with rangefinder only. There will be no searching going on, and no passive scanning.]]
 
[[File:Rangefinder radar display.jpg|nonet|thumb|How radar display looks with rangefinder only. There will be no searching going on, and no passive scanning.]]
 
<!--Rangefinder info needs confirmation, more screenshots of Vulcan and SIDAM tracking something, and explanation of how they do that would be nice. M163 seems to be done so far. I wonder if you can do the same with other SPAA-->
 
<!--Rangefinder info needs confirmation, more screenshots of Vulcan and SIDAM tracking something, and explanation of how they do that would be nice. M163 seems to be done so far. I wonder if you can do the same with other SPAA-->
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}}
 
}}
  
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To use rangefinder substitute, you have to go to gunner (sniper) sight and point your crosshairs onto the plane that interests you, then press lock-on key (default keybinding is alt+F, like with the rest of radars, is recommended to change to single key).
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To use rangefinder substitute, you have to go to gunner (sniper) sight and direct the targeting crosshairs onto the target enemy aircraft, then press a lock-on key (default keybinding is alt+F, like with the rest of radars, is recommended to change to single key).
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As a result, you will get a lock on:
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As a result, lock on will occure:
  
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[[File:M163 radio lock-on.JPG|none|thumb|500x500px|M163 locked on. Always make sure there aren't any trees in your way.]]
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[[File:M163 radio lock-on.JPG|none|thumb|500x500px|M163 locked on. Always make sure trees do not obscure the gunner's view.]]
  
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Now you just have to aim at true targeting reticle and destroy enemy plane before it broke visual contact by flying behind trees and buildings.
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All that is left is to aim the true targeting reticle and open fire on the enemy aircraft.
 
----
 
----
 
===Active radar===
 
===Active radar===
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Searches surroundings for any aircraft, when online. Can be locked on target to provide detailed information on it, provides accurate information. Maybe "sector", or "circular" view based. Easily detectable by counter-radar.
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When active radar units are operational, they search their surroundings for any flying aircraft. Active radars can lock onto targets and provide detailed information on the aircraft such as azimuth reading and distance. Active radars my employ a "sector" or "circular" radar view. One major drawback is that radar's can easily be pin-pointed through the use of counter-radar units and be targets of homing missiles as a result.
  
 
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<div><ul>  
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==== How to use Active Radars ====
 
==== How to use Active Radars ====
  
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When you use any vehicle with any radar, you will see these 2 things on your screen:
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When utilising any vehicle with a radar, two items will become visible on the view screen:
  
 
1) Radar screen
 
1) Radar screen
 
[[File:Radar explanations.jpg|none|thumb|500x500px]]
 
[[File:Radar explanations.jpg|none|thumb|500x500px]]
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2) Radar assisted compass
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2) Radar-assisted compass
 
[[File:Radar compass and tracking.jpg|none|thumb|500x500px]]
 
[[File:Radar compass and tracking.jpg|none|thumb|500x500px]]
  
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Whenever you don't have any locked target, your radar either searches for targets on its own, or follows your turret, depending on its type and current search mode. Its current direction is represented by a second line on the radar. This line must hit a target to "spot" it. Be aware, that small planes can avoid detection, and obstacles like trees and hills obscure radar's vision.
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Whenever the radar unit is only in active search mode and does not have a lock on a target, it will scan on its own or if utilising a narrow scan field, will follow the vehicle turret. Its current direction is represented by a second line on the radar. This line must intersect with a target to "spot" it. Be aware, that small planes can avoid detection due to their small profile and obstacles such as trees and hills will obscure radar's field of view preventing tracking of objects on the other side of them. Even if the active radar fails to spot a target or is offline, generally SPAA gunner can still select and target an enemy aircraft and engage in manual targeting. The accuracy of this method is much lower when compared to utilising the active radar.
  
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Even if your active radar fails to spot a target, or is offline, generally SPAA can still select and target enemy, that enters their "field of view" via passive rangefinders. The accuracy of this method is low.
+
Whenever the active radar detects any target, a lock can be acquired by pressing a key (or pre-mapped controller button). Default keybinding is alt+F, unfortunately, this can cause problems due to the Alt key being used for other things and can incidentally deselect the target unintentionally and break target lock. Multiple targets (or even allied aircraft) within the field of the radar's search can cause tracking problems as multiple targets can cause the targeting system problems. In the event of multiple aircraft in the search area, it is recommended to switch to gunner view and manually attack targets to ensure not accidentally shooting down any friendly aircraft.
  
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Whenever your active radar detects any target, you can "lock on" to one of them by pressing a key. Default keybinding is alt+F, which is strongly adviced to bind to something else because ALT key activates mouse cursor and breaks lock-on. It's suggested to aim at an enemy in sniper mode if there are many vessels in a line, or radar will definitely get confused and target wrong one (or even your ally).  
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For active radars, the turret will receive the targeting information feed, adjust ammunition self-destruction fuse delays and follow the target automatically. When this happens, a "true" targeting reticle appears which 100% guarantees target destruction, only as long as the target maintains speed and bearing and does not alter its speed, course or direction.
  
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Your turret will receive the feed, adjust ammunition self-destruction fuses and follow the target automatically. You will now see a "true" targeting reticle, which 100% guarantees, that your target will go down, as long as it doesn't change speed or direction.
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At this point, the only concern now is preventing your opponent from dodging the incoming volley of ammunition. For this reason, conservation of ammunition is important and the gunner should not waste ammo firing in long continuous bursts in the same direction if your SPAA's accuracy is adequate.  
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[[File:Radar_shot_marksman.jpg|none|thumb|500x400px|Enemy plane suffered a serious hit. Even if they somehow escape the rest of the volley, they're out of fighting capability and may crash soon.]]  
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Your only concern now is to prevent your opponent from dodging your volley. For this reason, you shouldn't waste too much ammo firing in the same direction, if your SPAA's accuracy is adequate. Try firing all around the targeting reticle, to his enemy, even if they did change their course.
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For very long range sniper shots (~ 4-6 km engagements) it is best to change the radar from searching randomly and instead scan certain areas specifically. This is done by a key (Not set by default, name in settings is "change radar search mode"). This will stop the radar dish and force it to follow your turret's current direction. After that, you need to look into direction you think your enemy is going to come from (enemy airfield, for example). Since radar is static in this mode, it is advisable to move the turret a bit, just in case of the plane took a bit different route. You also should note, that smaller planes that fly near to ground are harder to detect, and even this trick might not work on them.
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[[File:Radar_shot_marksman.jpg|none|thumb|500x400px|Enemy plane suffered a serious hit. Even if they somehow escape the rest of the valley, they're out of fighting capability and may crash a minute later. Our job is done.]]  
 
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For super long range snipes (~4-6km engagements) you might have to stop your radar from searching randomly and scan certain area specifically. This is done by a key (Not set by default, name in settings is "change radar search mode"). This will stop the radar dish and force it to follow your turret's current direction. After that, you need to look into direction you think your enemy is going to come from (enemy airfield, for example). Since radar is static in this mode, you might want to move your turret a bit, just in case of the plane took a bit different route. You also should note, that smaller planes that fly near to ground are harder to detect, and even this trick might not work on them.
 
  
 
== Drawbacks of Using the Radar ==
 
== Drawbacks of Using the Radar ==

Revision as of 19:06, 17 April 2019


War Thunder Update 1.87 "Locked On" introduced the capability of utilising radar units in a more active way in SPAA's and aircraft which historically had the use of early radars allowing for a more in-depth realism and a historic feel when utilising these vehicles.

Prior to this update, radars simply allowed SPAA to use a targeting reticle in realistic and simulator battle modes. While those targeting reticles tended to be extremely inaccurate, they were nonetheless helpful to the operator.

Post update, radars now have the capability to actively search, detect and lock onto an enemy's signal all the while providing a completely accurate firing solution, however, such battlefield benefits does come with its own share of risks when used.

SPAA Radar Types

At this time, War Thunder utilises two types of radar in SPAA vehicles, these radar units include the Rangefinder and the Active Radar:

Rangefinder

Rangefinders work by calculating the distance between two objects. There are two main components to a radio rangefinder which includes the transmitter unit and the receiver unit. The transmitter's job is to transmit a signal, usually, several hundred times a second and then waits. If an object such as an aircraft flies within the search area of the range finder, the transmitted signals from the rangefinder will bounce off of the aircraft and reflect back to to the SPAA which will then receive the transmitted signal into the receiver. The rangefinder then through a processing unit will calculate the time from when the signal was transmitted and then received and divide it by two, the time resultant is then converted into distance providing the SPAA with the distance to the vehicle being tracked. The more often the transmitters transmit, the more reflections are received giving the rangefinder an up-to-date distance to the moving aircraft. In some cases, with this data, the SPAA can set fuses for self-destroying ammo causing it to automatically explode near to where the tracked aircraft is showing to be, not requiring a direct hit, but close enough to cause damage through exploding shells. If target locking is an available function then the target will need to be manually locked.

How radar display looks with rangefinder only. There will be no searching going on, and no passive scanning.

How to use Rangefinders and Other Radar-Like Systems.

Msg-important.png This example is modelled with M163 in mind. Results may vary for SIDAM 25 and other SPAA vehicles.

To use rangefinder substitute, you have to go to gunner (sniper) sight and direct the targeting crosshairs onto the target enemy aircraft, then press a lock-on key (default keybinding is alt+F, like with the rest of radars, is recommended to change to single key). As a result, lock on will occure:

M163 locked on. Always make sure trees do not obscure the gunner's view.

All that is left is to aim the true targeting reticle and open fire on the enemy aircraft.

Active radar

When active radar units are operational, they search their surroundings for any flying aircraft. Active radars can lock onto targets and provide detailed information on the aircraft such as azimuth reading and distance. Active radars my employ a "sector" or "circular" radar view. One major drawback is that radar's can easily be pin-pointed through the use of counter-radar units and be targets of homing missiles as a result.

  • Circular view radar. Second line represents current radar direction, green field represents passive field of view (rangefinder).
  • Sector view radar. In case of these radars, system only actively looks for enemy in small sector infront of your turret. (represented by dark green field)

How to use Active Radars

When utilising any vehicle with a radar, two items will become visible on the view screen:

1) Radar screen

Radar explanations.jpg

2) Radar-assisted compass

Radar compass and tracking.jpg

Whenever the radar unit is only in active search mode and does not have a lock on a target, it will scan on its own or if utilising a narrow scan field, will follow the vehicle turret. Its current direction is represented by a second line on the radar. This line must intersect with a target to "spot" it. Be aware, that small planes can avoid detection due to their small profile and obstacles such as trees and hills will obscure radar's field of view preventing tracking of objects on the other side of them. Even if the active radar fails to spot a target or is offline, generally SPAA gunner can still select and target an enemy aircraft and engage in manual targeting. The accuracy of this method is much lower when compared to utilising the active radar.

Whenever the active radar detects any target, a lock can be acquired by pressing a key (or pre-mapped controller button). Default keybinding is alt+F, unfortunately, this can cause problems due to the Alt key being used for other things and can incidentally deselect the target unintentionally and break target lock. Multiple targets (or even allied aircraft) within the field of the radar's search can cause tracking problems as multiple targets can cause the targeting system problems. In the event of multiple aircraft in the search area, it is recommended to switch to gunner view and manually attack targets to ensure not accidentally shooting down any friendly aircraft.

For active radars, the turret will receive the targeting information feed, adjust ammunition self-destruction fuse delays and follow the target automatically. When this happens, a "true" targeting reticle appears which 100% guarantees target destruction, only as long as the target maintains speed and bearing and does not alter its speed, course or direction.

At this point, the only concern now is preventing your opponent from dodging the incoming volley of ammunition. For this reason, conservation of ammunition is important and the gunner should not waste ammo firing in long continuous bursts in the same direction if your SPAA's accuracy is adequate.

Enemy plane suffered a serious hit. Even if they somehow escape the rest of the volley, they're out of fighting capability and may crash soon.

For very long range sniper shots (~ 4-6 km engagements) it is best to change the radar from searching randomly and instead scan certain areas specifically. This is done by a key (Not set by default, name in settings is "change radar search mode"). This will stop the radar dish and force it to follow your turret's current direction. After that, you need to look into direction you think your enemy is going to come from (enemy airfield, for example). Since radar is static in this mode, it is advisable to move the turret a bit, just in case of the plane took a bit different route. You also should note, that smaller planes that fly near to ground are harder to detect, and even this trick might not work on them.

Drawbacks of Using the Radar

Certain planes and helicopters have radar detection system, and as such, whenever your radar "hit" them, they see radar alerts.

Some aircraft have fully fledged out radars or counter-radars and will see SPAA clearly as soon as they try to track them.

Here is an example of what happens, when you got noticed by a helicopter:

Radar detection ATGM helicopter.jpg

Certain helicopters and planes may have no problems with carpet-bombing your position with rockets, just to make sure you aren't going to fire at them ever again. To avoid being bombed like this, you can turn the radar off with a key (default alt+R). This will shut down radar search, and you won't be able to lock on anymore. Certain SPAA's also hide their radar behind them, making their profile much smaller and harder to notice by tanks around them.

Despite losing Lock-on, you usually still retain your "fake" targeting reticle from rangefinders and can fire at enemy semi-precisely, however, in most SPAA's cases you can't hit targets that are too far away from you like this, because ammo will self-destruct at it's default range. (about 2.5 km away)

SPAA's Which Have Radars in Some Form

Round view
  • Gepard — Radar station for circular viewing and target tracking. Radar is pulled back, when offline
  • Chieftain Marksman — Radar station for circular viewing and target tracking
  • AMX-30 DCA — Radar station for circular viewing and target tracking
  • M247 — Radar station for circular viewing and target tracking
  • OTOMATIC — Radar station for circular viewing and target tracking
  • Type 87 — Radar station for circular viewing and target tracking. Radar is pulled back, when offline
  • ZPRK 2S6 - Radar station for circular viewing and target tracking. Radar is pulled back, when offline
Sector view
  • ZSU-23-4 — Radar station for sector search and target tracking
Rangefinder Substitute
  • M163 — Radio rangefinder and ballistic calculator
  • SIDAM 25 - A laser rangefinder, as well as an optical tracking device
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