Difference between revisions of "13.5 inch/45 Mark 5(H) (343 mm)"
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== History == | == History == | ||
| − | After the [[12 inch/50 Mark XI (305 mm)|12 inch/50 Mark XI]] failed to the high-velocity improvement over the [[305 mm/45 Mark X (305 mm)|12 inch/45 Mark X]] the Royal Navy expected, they concluded they reached the limits | + | <!-- ''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.'' --> |
| + | After the [[12 inch/50 Mark XI (305 mm)|12 inch/50 Mark XI]] failed to be the high-velocity improvement over the [[305 mm/45 Mark X (305 mm)|12 inch/45 Mark X]] the Royal Navy expected, they concluded that they had reached the limits of what could be achieved with that calibre and moved on to a larger low-velocity design which became the 13.5-inch 45-calibre Mark 5 gun. The Anglo-German Arms Race was in full swing by this point and with the Hague Convention of 1907 failing to restrict the size of naval guns, the Royal Navy requested a gun that was either 13, 13.5, or 14 inches that fired with the nominal velocity of the 12-inch Mark X in October 1908. Vickers went with the 13.5-inch design which was adopted in January 1909. With even more explosive power to their shells than the 12-inch predecessors with similar range and penetration, the British decided to conceal the true calibre of these weapons by designating them the 12-inch 'A'. This did not prevent the Germans or the Americans from learning the true size of the guns, leading them to upgrades to 12 and 14-inch guns for their respective navies. | ||
| − | There are two variants of the 13.5 Mark V the (L) and (H) which differ | + | There are two variants of the 13.5-inch Mark V, the (L) and (H), which differ by the weight of the rounds. The Mark 5(H) was first used for the ''King George V''-class dreadnoughts which carried 1,400-pound rounds with the loading machinery modified to accommodate the new rounds. This modification gave the ship the ability to use rounds 150 lb heavier than the ones found on the preceding ''Orion'' class which was armed with Mark 5(L) guns and was the first dreadnought in the Royal Navy to adopt the centerline mountings that were standard on designs from other nations. The Mark 5(H) was also used on the [[HMS Marlborough|''Iron Duke''-class]] dreadnoughts, the dreadnought HMS ''Erin'' originally built for the Ottoman Navy as ''Reşadiye'' before being acquired by the Royal Navy under the orders of Winston Churchill when World War I began, and the battlecruisers HMS ''Tiger'' and HMS ''Queen Mary''. |
| − | + | The 13.5 inch Mark 5 bears the unique distinction of being the first gun to solve the longstanding problem of "steel choke" which plagued Royal Navy large calibre guns starting with the 12-inch/35 Mark VIII in 1895, which caused the cannons to blow out their liners. The fix came with a low taper fit between inner A and A tubes along with moving the locating shoulders to well back in the guns instead of at the front to reduce longitudinal stress. | |
| − | By the time World War II began in 1939, the 39 guns were still in service along with six turrets removed from both '' | + | By the time World War II began in 1939, the 39 guns were still in service along with six turrets removed from both HMS ''Tiger'' and HMS ''Iron Duke'' to comply with the 1930 London Naval Treaty where the former was scrapped and the latter demilitarized to serve as a training ship retaining three turrets. Three of the remaining guns were converted to railway guns named the "Gladiator", "Peace Maker", and "Scene Shifter". They were deployed to Dover to bombard German batteries and shipping across the English Channel at Calais in occupied France. Another three guns were relined to 8-inches in calibre in an experiment to make hyper-velocity guns in Kent during the war that did not amount to anything. |
== Media == | == Media == | ||
Revision as of 18:34, 11 October 2022
Contents
Description
Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.
Vehicles equipped with this weapon
General info
Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.
Available ammunition
Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).
Comparison with analogues
Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.
Usage in battles
Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.
Pros and cons
Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.
Pros:
Cons:
History
After the 12 inch/50 Mark XI failed to be the high-velocity improvement over the 12 inch/45 Mark X the Royal Navy expected, they concluded that they had reached the limits of what could be achieved with that calibre and moved on to a larger low-velocity design which became the 13.5-inch 45-calibre Mark 5 gun. The Anglo-German Arms Race was in full swing by this point and with the Hague Convention of 1907 failing to restrict the size of naval guns, the Royal Navy requested a gun that was either 13, 13.5, or 14 inches that fired with the nominal velocity of the 12-inch Mark X in October 1908. Vickers went with the 13.5-inch design which was adopted in January 1909. With even more explosive power to their shells than the 12-inch predecessors with similar range and penetration, the British decided to conceal the true calibre of these weapons by designating them the 12-inch 'A'. This did not prevent the Germans or the Americans from learning the true size of the guns, leading them to upgrades to 12 and 14-inch guns for their respective navies.
There are two variants of the 13.5-inch Mark V, the (L) and (H), which differ by the weight of the rounds. The Mark 5(H) was first used for the King George V-class dreadnoughts which carried 1,400-pound rounds with the loading machinery modified to accommodate the new rounds. This modification gave the ship the ability to use rounds 150 lb heavier than the ones found on the preceding Orion class which was armed with Mark 5(L) guns and was the first dreadnought in the Royal Navy to adopt the centerline mountings that were standard on designs from other nations. The Mark 5(H) was also used on the Iron Duke-class dreadnoughts, the dreadnought HMS Erin originally built for the Ottoman Navy as Reşadiye before being acquired by the Royal Navy under the orders of Winston Churchill when World War I began, and the battlecruisers HMS Tiger and HMS Queen Mary.
The 13.5 inch Mark 5 bears the unique distinction of being the first gun to solve the longstanding problem of "steel choke" which plagued Royal Navy large calibre guns starting with the 12-inch/35 Mark VIII in 1895, which caused the cannons to blow out their liners. The fix came with a low taper fit between inner A and A tubes along with moving the locating shoulders to well back in the guns instead of at the front to reduce longitudinal stress.
By the time World War II began in 1939, the 39 guns were still in service along with six turrets removed from both HMS Tiger and HMS Iron Duke to comply with the 1930 London Naval Treaty where the former was scrapped and the latter demilitarized to serve as a training ship retaining three turrets. Three of the remaining guns were converted to railway guns named the "Gladiator", "Peace Maker", and "Scene Shifter". They were deployed to Dover to bombard German batteries and shipping across the English Channel at Calais in occupied France. Another three guns were relined to 8-inches in calibre in an experiment to make hyper-velocity guns in Kent during the war that did not amount to anything.
Media
Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.
See also
Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:
- reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;
- references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.
External links
Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:
- topic on the official game forum;
- other literature.
