Difference between revisions of "8 inch/55 Mark 9 (203 mm)"

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[[File:8 inch-55 Mark 9.png|thumb|x250px|8 inch/55 Mark 9 cannons on the USS Northampton]]
 
== Description ==
 
== Description ==
 
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''
 
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''
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=== Available ammunition ===
 
=== Available ammunition ===
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''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''
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<!-- ''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).'' -->
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{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|8 inch Mk.14 Common, 8 inch Mk.19 APCBC, 8 inch Mk.25 HC, 8 inch Mk.17 SP Common}}
  
 
=== Comparison with analogues ===
 
=== Comparison with analogues ===
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== History ==
 
== History ==
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After World War I, the victorious parties of the Entente Powers came to together to sign an agreement that would prevent another type of naval arms race such as the Dreadnought arms race that preceded the Great War. As part of the negotiations, it was decided to divide cruisers between light and heavy cruisers based on the caliber of their guns. Heavy cruisers, defined as armed with 8 inch guns and a displacement of 10,000 tons was chosen to appease the British, American and Japan signatories who were all planning on cruisers with this caliber of guns and the first power beginning construction of the [[HMS Hawkins|Hawkins-class]] which meet these specifications. For the United States, their heavy cruiser armament became the 8 inch, fifty-five caliber guns, a built-up gun design that entered service in 1925. Weighing about 30 tons including a liner, tube, jacket, and five hoops these guns had a down-swing Welin breech block was closed by compressed air from the gas ejector system.  Loading with two silk bags each containing 45 pounds (20 kg) of smokeless powder gave a 260-pound (120 kg) projectile a velocity of 2800 feet per second (853 m/s)<ref name=":0">Campbell 1985 pp.127-131</ref>. Range was 18 miles 31,860 yd (29,130 m) at the maximum elevation of 41 degrees <ref name=":0" /><ref>DiGiulian, Tony (27 April 2011). "United States of America 8"/55 (20.3 cm) Marks 9, 10, 11, 13 and 14". Navweaps.com. Archived from the original on 30 June 2011. Retrieved 2011-07-21.</ref>. The first ships built to mount these guns were the ''Lexington''-class battlecrusiers which had 4 twin gun turrets with the Mark 9 guns. However the Washington Naval Treaty restrictions on constructing these types of ships led to their conversion to aircraft carriers and the cannons were repurposed as coastal defense guns on the Hawaiian Island of Oahu. Later in 1927, the [[USS Pensacola]] and its sister ship the USS Salt Lake City featured both two twin turrets and two triple turrets with the Mark 9. The following year, the [[USS Northampton]] and its class was built with 3 triple turrets with Mark 9 guns. In 1930 the [[USS Portland]] and USS Indianapolis were built 3 triple-turreted Mark 9s and in 1931 they were fitted on the early [[USS New Orleans|''New Orleans''-class]] ships, the USS New Orleans, USS Minneapolis, and USS Astoria, before being replaced by the lighter [[8 inch/55 Mark 12 (203 mm)|8 inch/55 Mark 12]]. The earlier ships armed with the Mark 9 would be refitted later in the war for the similar, but superior [[8 inch/55 Mark 14 (203 mm)|8 inch/55 Mark 14]]. Except for the USS Chicago, USS Houston, and USS Astoria which were sunk during the war and the USS New Minneapolis which received the improved Mark 15 gun.
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<!-- ''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.'' -->
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After World War I, the victorious parties of the Entente Powers came to together to sign an agreement that would prevent another naval arms race like the dreadnought arms race that had preceded the Great War. As part of the negotiations, it was decided to divide cruisers between light and heavy cruisers based on the calibre of their guns. Heavy cruisers were defined as armed with 8 inch guns and a displacement of 10,000 tons, chosen to appease the British, American, and Japanese signatories who were all planning on cruisers with this calibre of guns. For the United States, their standard heavy cruiser armament became the 8 inch, fifty-five calibre guns, a built-up gun design that entered service in 1925. Weighing about 30 tons including a liner, tube, jacket, and five hoops, these guns had a down-swing Welin breech block closed by compressed air from the gas ejector system. The first ships built to mount these guns were the ''Lexington''-class battlecruisers which had 4 twin gun turrets with the Mark 9 guns. However, the Washington Naval Treaty restrictions on constructing these types of ships led to their conversion to aircraft carriers and the cannons were repurposed as coastal defense guns on the Hawaiian Island of Oahu. Later in 1926, [[USS Pensacola|USS ''Pensacola'']] and its sister ship ''Salt Lake City'' featured both two twin turrets and two triple turrets with the Mark 9. The following year, the [[USS Northampton|''Northampton'']] and its class was built with 3 triple turrets with Mark 9 guns. In 1930, [[USS Portland|''Portland'']] and ''Indianapolis'' were built with 3 triple-turreted Mark 9s, and in 1931, the guns were fitted on the early [[USS New Orleans|''New Orleans''-class]] ships, the ''New Orleans'', ''Minneapolis'', and ''Astoria'', before being replaced by the lighter [[8 inch/55 Mark 12 (203 mm)|8 inch/55 Mark 12]]. The earlier ships armed with the Mark 9 would be refitted later in the war for the similar but superior [[8 inch/55 Mark 14 (203 mm)|8 inch/55 Mark 14]], except for ''Chicago'', ''Houston'', and ''Astoria'' which were sunk during the war, and ''Minneapolis'' which received the improved Mark 15 gun.
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== References ==
 
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Campbell 1985 pp.127-131
 
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DiGiulian, Tony (27 April 2011). "United States of America 8"/55 (20.3 cm) Marks 9, 10, 11, 13 and 14". Navweaps.com. Archived from the original on 30 June 2011. Retrieved 2011-07-21.
 
  
 
== Media ==
 
== Media ==
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== See also ==
 
== See also ==
 
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
 
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
−
 
 
* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
 
* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
 
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''
 
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''
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== External links ==
 
== External links ==
 
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
 
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
−
 
 
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
 
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
 
* ''other literature.''
 
* ''other literature.''

Latest revision as of 16:19, 19 September 2023

8 inch/55 Mark 9 cannons on the USS Northampton

Description

Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.

Vehicles equipped with this weapon

General info

Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.

Available ammunition

Penetration statistics
Ammunition Type of
warhead 		Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
1,000 m 2,500 m 5,000 m 7,500 m 10,000 m 15,000 m
Mk.14 Common Common 116 102 83 69 57 43
Mk.19 APCBC APCBC 383 339 277 228 190 143
Mk.25 HC HE 61 61 61 61 61 61
Mk.17 SP Common SP Common 137 121 99 81 68 51
Shell details
Ammunition Type of
warhead 		Velocity
(m/s) 		Projectile
mass (kg) 		Fuse delay
(s) 		Fuse sensitivity
(mm) 		Explosive mass
(TNT equivalent) (kg) 		Ricochet
0% 50% 100%
Mk.14 Common Common 853 117.9 0.035 9 4.84 47° 60° 65°
Mk.19 APCBC APCBC 853 117.9 0.035 9 1.62 48° 63° 71°
Mk.25 HC HE 853 117.9 0 0.1 9.49 79° 80° 81°
Mk.17 SP Common SP Common 853 117.9 0.035 9 4.61 48° 63° 71°

Comparison with analogues

Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.

Usage in battles

Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.

Pros and cons

Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.

Pros:

Cons:

History

After World War I, the victorious parties of the Entente Powers came to together to sign an agreement that would prevent another naval arms race like the dreadnought arms race that had preceded the Great War. As part of the negotiations, it was decided to divide cruisers between light and heavy cruisers based on the calibre of their guns. Heavy cruisers were defined as armed with 8 inch guns and a displacement of 10,000 tons, chosen to appease the British, American, and Japanese signatories who were all planning on cruisers with this calibre of guns. For the United States, their standard heavy cruiser armament became the 8 inch, fifty-five calibre guns, a built-up gun design that entered service in 1925. Weighing about 30 tons including a liner, tube, jacket, and five hoops, these guns had a down-swing Welin breech block closed by compressed air from the gas ejector system. The first ships built to mount these guns were the Lexington-class battlecruisers which had 4 twin gun turrets with the Mark 9 guns. However, the Washington Naval Treaty restrictions on constructing these types of ships led to their conversion to aircraft carriers and the cannons were repurposed as coastal defense guns on the Hawaiian Island of Oahu. Later in 1926, USS Pensacola and its sister ship Salt Lake City featured both two twin turrets and two triple turrets with the Mark 9. The following year, the Northampton and its class was built with 3 triple turrets with Mark 9 guns. In 1930, Portland and Indianapolis were built with 3 triple-turreted Mark 9s, and in 1931, the guns were fitted on the early New Orleans-class ships, the New Orleans, Minneapolis, and Astoria, before being replaced by the lighter 8 inch/55 Mark 12. The earlier ships armed with the Mark 9 would be refitted later in the war for the similar but superior 8 inch/55 Mark 14, except for Chicago, Houston, and Astoria which were sunk during the war, and Minneapolis which received the improved Mark 15 gun.

Media

Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.

See also

Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:

  • reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;
  • references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.

External links

Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:

  • topic on the official game forum;
  • other literature.


USA naval cannons
20 mm  20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II · 20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mark V · 20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mark 24
25 mm  25 mm/87 Mk.38
28 mm  1.1 inch/75 Mk.1
37 mm  AN-M4
40 mm  Bofors L/60 Mark 1 · Bofors L/60 Mark 2 · Bofors L/60 Mark 3
76 mm  3 inch/23 Mk.4 · 3-inch/50 Mk.10 · 3-inch/70 Mk.37 · 3-inch Mark 10 · 3 inch Mk.33 · 3-inch Mk.34
102 mm  4 inch/50 Mk.9
127 mm  5 inch/25 Mk.11 · 5 inch/25 Mk.13 AA · 5 inch/38 Mk.12 · 5-inch/50 Mk.5 · 5 inch/51 Mk.7 · 127 mm/54 Mark 18
152 mm  6 inch/47 Mk.16 · 6 inch/47 DP Mk.16 · 6 inch/53 Mk.12 · M81
203 mm  8 inch/55 Mark 9 · 8 inch/55 Mark 12 · 8 inch/55 Mark 14 · 8 inch/55 Mark 16
305 mm  12-inch/45 Mk.5 · 12 inch/50 Mk.7 · 12 inch/50 Mk.8
356 mm  14 inch/45 Mk.8 · 14 inch/45 Mk.12 · 14 inch/50 Mk.11

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