Difference between revisions of "T31 (20 mm)"
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
| − | ''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.'' | + | <!--''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''--> |
| + | The '''20 mm T31''' is an American aircraft autocannon used on several strike aircraft in the game. A shortened and lightweight version of the [[AN/M2 (20 mm)|AN/M2]], the T31 fires at a slightly higher rate due to its design. | ||
=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon === | === Vehicles equipped with this weapon === | ||
<!-- ''List out vehicles that are equipped with the weapon.'' --> | <!-- ''List out vehicles that are equipped with the weapon.'' --> | ||
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* {{Specs-Link|a2d}} | * {{Specs-Link|a2d}} | ||
* {{Specs-Link|am_1_mauler}} | * {{Specs-Link|am_1_mauler}} | ||
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* '''Stealth:''' {{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|P|Practice}} | * '''Stealth:''' {{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|P|Practice}} | ||
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=== Comparison with analogues === | === Comparison with analogues === | ||
| − | ''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns | + | ''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.'' |
== Usage in battles == | == Usage in battles == | ||
| − | ''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against | + | ''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.'' |
=== Pros and cons === | === Pros and cons === | ||
| − | '' | + | ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.'' |
'''Pros:''' | '''Pros:''' | ||
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* | * | ||
'''Cons:''' | '''Cons:''' | ||
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* | * | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
| − | ''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.'' | + | <!-- ''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.'' --> |
| + | The United States Navy first requested a shortened version of the [[AN/M2 (20 mm)|AN/M2]] cannon in December 1942. The Army, which handled production of the M2 began testing different barrel lengths at Aberdeen Proving Grounds, Maryland in January 1943 and concluded that 15 inches could be removed from the barrel without adversely affecting the muzzle velocity. The Army Ordnance Department would soon issue their requirements for a new variant of the AN/M2 that along with being shorter, had to use the same action and ammunition, accept cartridges of different lengths, use the M3 disintegrating belt link instead of the M2's 60-round drum magazine, have left or right-side feeding with no extra parts needed, a fire rate of 575-650 rounds per minute, and weigh 75 pounds or less. However, the specifications would change in July after the US got work from Britain's [[Hispano Mk.V (20 mm)|Hispano Mk.V]]. Developed along similar lines as a shorter version of their 20 mm autocannon which was 27 pounds lighter and 12 inches shorter. The Army Ordnance Department made their new specifications to have the guns have the same weight and length shaved off as the Mark Vs did, along with the ability to use the M1 Adapter, a rate of fire of 750 rpm, a muzzle velocity drop of no more than 80 feet per second, use a non-adjustable ring spring adapter, and fire from a closed-bolt. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The T26 was built by Oldsmobile to meet the requirement of a lighter AN/M2, but it did not fire from a closed bolt as requested. The development for a version capable of firing when locked was given to Watervliet Arsenal in New York who came up with two possible designs. The T28 used a percussion bolt while the T29 used an electrically primed bolt. Both bolts were tested interchangeably at Aberdeen Proving Grounds so by December, the guns were merged into one design which was designated the T31. In January 1944, the Navy asked for 25 for testing which was closely followed by an order for 51 by the Army Air Forces. In February the Navy order was increased to 23,326 guns to be delivered by the end of the year while the Army Air Force ordered another thousand guns. The International Harvester Plant in Saint Paul, Minnesota began manufacturing the T31 in January, a significant number were converted AN/M2 cannons that didn't meet the requirements from a prior design revision and were mothballed. Between International Harvester and Oldsmobile, 32,426 T31 cannons were built. The T31 was mounted on the US [[AM-1|AM-1 Mauler]] which was part of the first attempt to make a new generation of carrier-based attack aircraft and alongside the venerable [[AD Skyraider (Family)|AD Skyraider]]. It was also mounted on the [[A2D-1|A2D-1 Skyshark]] intended for smaller escort carriers that were retired not long after the aircraft entered service. | ||
== Media == | == Media == | ||
| − | '' | + | ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' |
== See also == | == See also == | ||
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:'' | ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:'' | ||
| + | |||
* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;'' | * ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;'' | ||
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.'' | * ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.'' | ||
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== External links == | == External links == | ||
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:'' | ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:'' | ||
| + | |||
* ''topic on the official game forum;'' | * ''topic on the official game forum;'' | ||
| − | |||
* ''other literature.'' | * ''other literature.'' | ||
Latest revision as of 21:11, 8 March 2024
Contents
Description
The 20 mm T31 is an American aircraft autocannon used on several strike aircraft in the game. A shortened and lightweight version of the AN/M2, the T31 fires at a slightly higher rate due to its design.
Vehicles equipped with this weapon
General info
Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.
Available ammunition
- Default: HEF-I · HEF-I · AP-T
- Universal: HEF-I · AP-T
- Ground targets: AP-T · AP-T · HEF-I · P
- Air targets: HEF-I · AP-T · HEF-I · HEF-I
- Stealth: HEF-I · HEF-I · HEF-I · P
| Penetration statistics | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammunition | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm) | ||||||
| 10 m | 100 m | 500 m | 1,000 m | 1,500 m | 2,000 m | ||
| AP-T | 36 | 33 | 23 | 15 | 9 | 6 | |
| HEF-I | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
| P | 17 | 15 | 12 | 7 | 6 | 4 | |
| Shell details | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammunition | Velocity (m/s) |
Projectile mass (kg) |
Fuse delay (m) |
Fuse sensitivity (mm) |
Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (g) |
Ricochet | ||||||
| 0% | 50% | 100% | ||||||||||
| AP-T | 832 | 0.13 | - | - | - | 47° | 60° | 65° | ||||
| HEF-I | 832 | 0.13 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 12.41 | 79° | 80° | 81° | ||||
| P | 832 | 0.13 | - | - | - | 47° | 56° | 65° | ||||
Comparison with analogues
Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.
Usage in battles
Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.
Pros and cons
Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.
Pros:
Cons:
History
The United States Navy first requested a shortened version of the AN/M2 cannon in December 1942. The Army, which handled production of the M2 began testing different barrel lengths at Aberdeen Proving Grounds, Maryland in January 1943 and concluded that 15 inches could be removed from the barrel without adversely affecting the muzzle velocity. The Army Ordnance Department would soon issue their requirements for a new variant of the AN/M2 that along with being shorter, had to use the same action and ammunition, accept cartridges of different lengths, use the M3 disintegrating belt link instead of the M2's 60-round drum magazine, have left or right-side feeding with no extra parts needed, a fire rate of 575-650 rounds per minute, and weigh 75 pounds or less. However, the specifications would change in July after the US got work from Britain's Hispano Mk.V. Developed along similar lines as a shorter version of their 20 mm autocannon which was 27 pounds lighter and 12 inches shorter. The Army Ordnance Department made their new specifications to have the guns have the same weight and length shaved off as the Mark Vs did, along with the ability to use the M1 Adapter, a rate of fire of 750 rpm, a muzzle velocity drop of no more than 80 feet per second, use a non-adjustable ring spring adapter, and fire from a closed-bolt.
The T26 was built by Oldsmobile to meet the requirement of a lighter AN/M2, but it did not fire from a closed bolt as requested. The development for a version capable of firing when locked was given to Watervliet Arsenal in New York who came up with two possible designs. The T28 used a percussion bolt while the T29 used an electrically primed bolt. Both bolts were tested interchangeably at Aberdeen Proving Grounds so by December, the guns were merged into one design which was designated the T31. In January 1944, the Navy asked for 25 for testing which was closely followed by an order for 51 by the Army Air Forces. In February the Navy order was increased to 23,326 guns to be delivered by the end of the year while the Army Air Force ordered another thousand guns. The International Harvester Plant in Saint Paul, Minnesota began manufacturing the T31 in January, a significant number were converted AN/M2 cannons that didn't meet the requirements from a prior design revision and were mothballed. Between International Harvester and Oldsmobile, 32,426 T31 cannons were built. The T31 was mounted on the US AM-1 Mauler which was part of the first attempt to make a new generation of carrier-based attack aircraft and alongside the venerable AD Skyraider. It was also mounted on the A2D-1 Skyshark intended for smaller escort carriers that were retired not long after the aircraft entered service.
Media
Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.
See also
Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:
- reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;
- references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.
External links
Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:
- topic on the official game forum;
- other literature.
| USA aircraft cannons | |
|---|---|
| 20 mm | AN/M2 · Browning-Colt Mk12 Mod 0 · Browning-Colt Mk12 Mod 3 · FMC T-160 |
| M3 · M24A1 · M39 · M39A1 · M39A2 · M39A3 · M61A1 · M195 · M197 · Mk 11 · Mk 11 mod 5 · T31 | |
| 30 mm | M230E-1 · XM140 · GAU-8/A · GAU-13/A · LR30 |
| 37 mm | M4 · M9 · M10 |
| 40 mm | M75 · M129 |
| 75 mm | M10 · T13E1 |
| Foreign: | |
| 20 mm | Hispano 404 (France) · Hispano Mk.II (Britain) · MG 151 (Germany) · Type 99 Model 1 (Japan) |
| 30 mm | ADEN Mk.4 (Britain) |
