The SU-122-54 is a Soviet self-propelled artillery vehicle from the postwar period. Between 1948 and 1951, the design bureau of Plant No. 174 developed it to modernize the Soviet Army's arsenal of self-propelled guns, which at that time still consisted mainly of vehicles built during the Great Patriotic War. Like its predecessors, the SU-122-54 was based on the contemporary main tank in service, the T-54, and incorporated many of its running gear components.

The first prototype was completed in December 1950 and underwent factory and preliminary trials until summer 1951. State trials began in July, during which a number of minor design flaws and issues were discovered. A second prototype was built in the first quarter of 1952 to correct these shortcomings. After passing acceptance tests, it was approved for serial production. Mass production took place from 1955 to 1957, during which only 77 SU-122-54 units were manufactured. Production ceased due to a shortage of materials necessary for manufacturing guns and because the development of more promising self-propelled gun (SPG) projects was nearing completion. The SU-122-54 remained in service until the mid-1960s. Seven vehicles with minimal wear were converted into parade support tractors and were used in the USSR and later in Russia until the mid-1990s.

The SU-122-54 was introduced in the Update 1.49, "Weapons of Victory". The vehicle's main advantages are its powerful armament and its compact, low profile, which allows for effective camouflage and makes it difficult to detect. Its drawbacks include a long reload time, vulnerable frontal armor (even to standard armor-piercing shells), and average mobility. Given these characteristics, the SU-122-54's most effective tactics are ambush attacks and long-range sniping.