The Buk-M3 is a Russian SAM system, developed as a replacement for the earlier 2K12 Kub SAM family. After experience with the Kub in combat, it was decided that each TEL should have its own fire-control radar instead of relying on a single central radar for the entire system. The Buk was interoperable with the Kub, allowing for easier integration. The Buk-M1 was adopted in 1983 as a modernised version of the initial Buk-1, featuring upgraded ECM resistance, a modernised radar, and an increased probability of kill. In 1998, the Buk-M2 entered service, utilising the new 9M317 missile, which increased range and improved kinematic performance.

In 2016, the Buk-M3 emerged. Unlike previous versions of the Buk such as the Buk-M1 and Buk-M2, the Buk-M3 features a six-missile launcher instead of the previous four, as well as new electronics and missile upgrades, allowing it to be ready to fire faster. The Buk-M3 is the latest version currently in service. The TELARs of the Buk-M3 system also have their own tracking radar and are capable of firing and guiding missiles independently without the radar vehicle, albeit with decreased radar performance. The launchers are capable of carrying six missiles, with additional missiles transported by reload vehicles based on the same chassis. As of today, Russia is the sole operator of the Buk-M3, while other countries such as Algeria, Egypt, Ukraine, and Venezuela operate older versions of the Buk.

Introduced in Update 2.49 "Tusk Force", the Buk-M3 is one of the latest Russian anti-aircraft systems, offering longer range than the Pantsir-S1, faster and more manoeuvrable missiles, and the ability to fire on up to 12 targets independently. However, all this comes at a cost. The Buk is unable to intercept targets flying closer than 2.5 km around the launcher and is very vulnerable to pop-up strafing runs or Brimstone/Maverick attacks, as it is unable to intercept these at short distances. The Buk complements the Pantsir rather than making it obsolete, taking over the role of long-range deterrent, while the Pantsir, with its guns and missiles, supplements the Buk’s defence at medium to close range against AGMs and guided bombs.