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| − | {{Specs-Card|code=us_m4a3e8_76w_sherman}} | + | {{Navigation-Start|Britain squadron aircraft}} |
| − | {{About
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| − | | about = American medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
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| − | | and
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| − | | usage = similar vehicles
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| − | | link-1 = M4A3 (105)
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| − | | link-2 = M4A3 (76) W (Japan)
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| − | }} | |
| | | | |
| − | == Description ==
| + | {{Navigation-First-Line|Fighters}}{{Specs-Link|b_48_firecrest}} |
| − | <!--In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.-->
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| − | [[File:GarageImage_M4A3(76)WSherman.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
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| − | {{break}}
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| − | The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (also known as the '''M4A3E8''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was one of the first American tanks to be released with the American ground tree in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]]. This tank gives the M4 Sherman the best upgrades possible, with a new suspension and a high-penetrating [[M1 (76 mm)|76 mm cannon]] with access to APCR rounds.
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| − | Compared to the previous Shermans, this one presents better mobility than the last few due to the new horizontal volute suspension system (HVSS). The suspension, like in real life, also seems to give the vehicle a much smoother ride across terrain, making it easier to acquire targets while on the move due to the stability. Another feature about this Sherman is the access to the HVAP rounds (APCR) for the 76 mm gun. The HVAP rounds give the tank a much greater firepower boost to fight the tanks at its rank.
| + | {{Navigation-End}}<noinclude> |
| − | | + | [[Category:Britain vehicles]] |
| − | == General info ==
| + | </noinclude> |
| − | === Survivability and armour ===
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| − | <!--Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat?
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| − | | |
| − | If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.-->
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| − | | |
| − | '''Armour type:'''
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| − | | |
| − | * Rolled homogeneous armour (Front, Side, Rear, Roof)
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| − | * Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Gun mantlet, Transmission area)
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| − | | |
| − | {| class="wikitable" | |
| − | |-
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| − | ! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
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| − | |-
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| − | | Hull || 63.5 mm (47°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 63.5-107.9 mm (13-77°) ''Transmission housing'' || 38.1 mm || 38.1 mm (22°) ''Top'' <br> 38.1 mm (13-44°) ''Bottom''|| 19.5 mm
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| − | |-
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| − | | Turret || 63.5 mm (10-62°) ''Turret front'' <br> 88.9 mm (1-74°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 63.5 mm (1-72°) || 63.5 mm (0-80°) || 25.4 mm
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| − | |-
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| − | ! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
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| − | |-
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| − | | Cupola || 63.5 mm (55-56°) || 25.4 mm
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| − | |-
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| − | |}
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| − | '''Notes:'''
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| − | | |
| − | * Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, bogies are 10 mm thick, and tracks are 20 mm thick.
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| − | | |
| − | === Mobility ===
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| − | <!--Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.-->
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| − | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
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| − | |-
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| − | ! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
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| − | |-
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| − | ! Weight (tons)
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| − | ! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor<br>weight (tons)
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| − | ! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
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| − | |-
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| − | | rowspan="2" | 33.4 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | 0.6 || colspan="1" | 46 (AB)
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| − | |-
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| − | |41 (RB/SB)
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| − | |-
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| − | ! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
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| − | |-
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| − | ! colspan="1" | Mode
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| − | !Stock
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| − | !Upgraded
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| − | |-
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| − | |''Arcade''
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| − | |775
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| − | |954
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| − | |-
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| − | |''Realistic/Simulator''
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| − | |442
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| − | |500
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| − | |-
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| − | ! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
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| − | |-
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| − | ! colspan="1" | Mode
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| − | !Stock
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| − | !Upgraded
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| − | |-
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| − | |''Arcade''
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| − | |23.20
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| − | |28.56
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| − | |-
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| − | |''Realistic/Simulator''
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| − | |13.23
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| − | |14.97
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| − | |-
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | == Armaments ==
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| − | === Main armament ===
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| − | <!--Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.-->
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| − | {{main|M1 (76 mm)}}
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| − | | |
| − | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
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| − | |-
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| − | ! colspan="6" | [[M1 (76 mm)|76 mm M1]]
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| − | |-
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| − | ! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
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| − | ! rowspan="1" | Vertical <br> guidance
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| − | ! rowspan="1" | Horizontal <br> guidance
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| − | ! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
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| − | |-
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| − | | colspan="3" | 71 || -10°/+25° || ±180° || Vertical
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| − | |-
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| − | ! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
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| − | |-
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| − | ! style="width:4em" |Mode
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| − | ! style="width:4em" |Stock
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| − | ! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
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| − | ! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
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| − | ! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
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| − | ! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
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| − | |-
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| − | | ''Arcade'' || 22.85 || 31.62 || 38.40 || 42.46 || 45.18
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| − | |-
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| − | | ''Realistic'' || 14.28 || 16.80 || 20.4 || 22.60 || 24.00
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| − | |-
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| − | ! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
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| − | |-
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| − | ! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
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| − | ! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
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| − | ! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
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| − | ! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
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| − | |-
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| − | | 7.67 || 6.78 || 6.25 || 5.90
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| − | |-
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | ===== Ammunition =====
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| − | {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
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| − | ! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
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| − | |-
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| − | ! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
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| − | ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of <br /> warhead
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| − | ! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 0° Angle of Attack'''
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| − | |-
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| − | ! 10m
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| − | ! 100m
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| − | ! 500m
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| − | ! 1000m
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| − | ! 1500m
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| − | ! 2000m
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| − | |-
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| − | | M62 shell || APCBC || 148 || 146 || 133 || 119 || 106 || 95
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| − | |-
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| − | | M42A1 shell || HE || 8 || 8 || 7 || 7 || 7 || 7
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| − | |-
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| − | | M79 shot || AP || 134 || 132 || 121 || 109 || 99 || 89
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| − | |-
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| − | | M93 shot || APCR || 221 || 215 || 203 || 181 || 154 || 124
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| − | |-
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| − | |}
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| − | {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
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| − | ! colspan="10" | Shell details
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| − | |-
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| − | ! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
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| − | ! rowspan="2" |Velocity <br /> in m/s
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| − | ! rowspan="2" |Projectile<br />Mass in kg
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| − | ! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
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| − | ''in m:''
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| − | ! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
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| − | ''in mm:''
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| − | ! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g<br /> (TNT equivalent):''
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| − | ! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° <br> from horizontal:''
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| − | ! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
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| − | |-
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| − | ! 0%
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| − | ! 50%
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| − | ! 100%
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| − | |-
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| − | | M62 shell || 792 || 7.0 || 1.2 || 20 || 63.7 || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
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| − | |-
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| − | | M42A1 shell || 800 || 5.84 || 0.1 || 0.5 || 390 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
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| − | |-
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| − | | M79 shot || 792 || 6.8 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
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| − | |-
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| − | | M93 shot || 1036 || 4.26 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +1.5° || 66° || 70° || 72°
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| − | |-
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| − | |}
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| − | {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
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| − | ! colspan="7" | Smoke characteristic
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| − | |-
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| − | ! Ammunition
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| − | ! Velocity <br /> in m/s
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| − | ! Projectile<br />Mass in kg
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| − | ! ''Screen radius <br /> in m''
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| − | ! ''Screen time <br /> in s''
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| − | ! ''Screen hold time <br /> in s:''
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| − | ! ''Explosive Mass in g<br /> (TNT equivalent):''
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| − | |-
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| − | | M88 || 274 || 3.44 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50
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| − | |-
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | ===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
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| − | [[File:Ammoracks M4A1 (76) W.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the M4A1 (76) W Sherman (Identical to M4A3 (76) W).]]
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| − | {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" | |
| − | |-
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| − | ! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full<br /> ammo
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| − | ! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st<br /> rack empty
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| − | ! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd<br /> rack empty
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| − | ! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd<br /> rack empty
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| − | ! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th<br /> rack empty
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| − | ! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th<br /> rack empty
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| − | ! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual<br /> discrepancy
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| − | |-
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| − | || '''71''' || 57 ''(+14)'' || 43 ''(+28)'' || 29 ''(+42)'' || 15 ''(+56)'' || 1 ''(+70)'' || style="text-align:center" | Yes
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| − | |-
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | === Machine guns ===
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| − | <!--Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.-->
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| − | {{main|Browning M2 (12.7 mm)|Browning (7.62 mm)}}
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| − | | |
| − | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
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| − | |-
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| − | ! colspan="7" | [[Browning M2 (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
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| − | |-
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| − | ! colspan="7" | ''Pintle mount''
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| − | |-
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| − | ! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
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| − | ! rowspan="1" | Fire rate <br> (shots/minute)
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| − | ! rowspan="1" | Vertical <br> guidance
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| − | ! rowspan="1" | Horizontal <br> guidance
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| − | |-
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| − | | colspan="4" | 600 (200) || 576 || -10°/+30° || ±60°
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| − | |-
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| − | |}
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| − | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
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| − | |-
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| − | ! colspan="7" | [[Browning (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
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| − | |-
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| − | ! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
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| − | |-
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| − | ! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
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| − | ! rowspan="1" | Fire rate <br> (shots/minute)
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| − | ! rowspan="1" | Vertical <br> guidance
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| − | ! rowspan="1" | Horizontal <br> guidance
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| − | |-
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| − | | colspan="4" | 3,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
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| − | |-
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | == Usage in battles ==
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| − | <!--Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).-->
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| − | Playing as the M4A3 can be tricky since it features armour that can't stop most calibers at its rank such as the German 8.8 cm or the Soviet 85 mm, including the fact that it isn't the fastest tank. The M4A3 plays more of a support role, use its' powerful 76 mm as you assist your teammates during an advance or defense. The number one rule of this tank is to never fight alone with it, always be with a teammate and use cover when available since it will give you a great advantage.
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| − | | |
| − | Use manual transmission, as using "Cruise Control 1" will give you a speed that is 1 km/h above the speed the stabilizer works at. A gear level of 2 will land you at 9 km/h but allows the stabilizer to do its job.
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| − | | |
| − | === Pros and cons ===
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| − | <!--Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".-->
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| − | | |
| − | '''Pros:'''
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| − | | |
| − | *Single-plane gun stabilizer.
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| − | *Decent 76 mm gun.
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| − | *Better maneuverability than its predecessor.
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| − | *Easy to use if you played the M4 Shermans before it.
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| − | *Very fast turret traverse.
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| − | *Quick reload for the 76 mm Gun.
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| − | *Wet ammo storage - Which reduces greatly ammo rack chances, is indicated by the "W" in its name, this also means tightly packed ammo only placed under the turret.
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| − | *Top-mounted .50 cal useful against fighters and open topped/light vehicles.
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| − | *Access to APCR shells.
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| − | *Great cross terrain performances due to larger tracks, same as the [[M4A3 (105)|M4A3 (105)]].
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| − | | |
| − | '''Cons:'''
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| − | | |
| − | *All-around armour is very weak against most cannons.
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| − | *76 mm gun, while adequate when top rank, is lacking against opponents.
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| − | *Doesn't like being uptiered against big tanks such as the [[Tiger II (P)|Tiger II (P)]] and [[IS-2 (1944)|IS-2 1944]].
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| − | *Tall profile.
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| − | | |
| − | == History ==
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| − | <!--Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ground vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).--> | |
| − | ===Development===
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| − | The [[M4|M4 Sherman]] has become a proven and well-respected tank design by 1944. It was highly reliable, adequately armoured, and could be produced in a very large number with a dedicated support arm to ensure that all of the ones in the field could be kept operational. It was also by 1944 that the Sherman's faults were becoming a more defining trait than its advantages, namely with the increased prevalence of German anti-tank weaponry and tanks, such as the [[Panther A|Panther]] tank. The German anti-tank abilities, ranging from rocket launchers, anti-tank guns, mines, and tank guns, all became more capable of penetrating the frontal armour or disabling the Sherman. This resulted in an increased Allied tank attrition rate of nearly double during the Normandy Campaign than that of the Allies' previous campaigns. Criticisms were raised on the Sherman's inability to destroy the heavier tanks with its [[M3 (75 mm)|75 mm gun]], the tendency of catching fire easily when a penetrating round hits an ammo stowage bin scattered in the Sherman interior, and the lack of mobility on the muddy terrain due to the track design. The first and second criticism was addressed with the [[M1 (76 mm)|high-velocity 76 mm gun]] and a "wet stowage" ammo containers, but mobility became a big issue especially once the Allied front in France reached the Siegfried Line on the border of Germany, where the ground became very muddy in the fall season. An attempt to fix this was improvising "extensions" on the tracks, but these were difficult to add and there were never enough to go around. The problem had to be addressed in the manufacturing plant and Ordnance Department set to work finding a better solution to fix the track flotation for better mobility.
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| − | | |
| − | The result was to be the basis of the next generation of Sherman models. Under the ''E8'' program, new suspension was trialed on the Sherman, one was the horizontal-volute suspension system (HVSS) taken from the ''[[T20]]'' program. The trials showed that the new suspension gave the Sherman a ground pressure that is even less than the heavier Panther, and this model was approved for production in March 1944, beginning in August 1944. Despite the time of production, the distance of the Atlantic Ocean between the American factories and Europe cause the delivery time of the first batch of the new models to be three months, meaning they would not see service until December 1944 the soonest. Nevertheless, the new Sherman, dubbed the '''M4A3 (76) W HVSS Sherman''' on papers and shortened as the '''M4A3E8''', was considered the best overall Sherman design with its new upgrades.
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| − | | |
| − | ===Design===
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| − | Aside from the enlarged T23 turret, the Sherman interior layout was largely unchanged from the original design. The driver and bow gunner still sat in the front, the three-man turret crew in the center, and the engine compartment in the back. The exterior was changed with the new horizontal-volute suspension system (HVSS), which presented a different bogie system with larger road wheels that allow the usage of a wider track for better mobility cross-country. The new suspension system helped defeat the problems the Sherman's original tracks had with sinking in the mud from poor flotation and poor traction on slippery terrain. Another advantage the HVSS gave was the ability to change out individual road wheels on the bogie rather than replace the entire bogie, easing maintenance and repairs. The suspension was also reported to be a very smooth ride in comparison with the vertical-volute suspension system (VVSS), leading tankers to nickname the tank the ''"Easy Eight"'' from the tank's experimental designation ''M4A3E8'', with the E8 corresponding to the usage of the HVSS.
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| − | | |
| − | The M4A3(76)W HVSS ran on a gasoline Ford GAA V8 engine, which was the standard engine used in all M4A3 Sherman variants. The tank construction was welded and had a frontal armour plate sloping at a 47 degree angle. The (76) in the name indicated that the tank was armed with the more powerful 76 mm gun as a counter to the heavier German armour. The "W" designation on the Sherman indicated that the vehicle had the "wet stowage" feature in response to complaints that the Sherman can easily catch fire due to exploding ammunition. The "wet stowage" encased the ammo containers in a liquid mixture that would douse the flames when penetrated or block flaming shrapnels due to penetrating shots from hitting the ammunition. The containers also placed all the ammunition in the bottom center of the tank, reducing the likeliness of it being hit by a shell as the penetrating shell must go through every armour and obstacle to hit the tank center. This feature was only present after February 1944 and severely decreased the rate of Sherman fires. The "HVSS" indicated the usage of the horizontal-volute suspension system on the tank. The M4A3E8 started production in August 1944 and its production life ended around the end of World War II, probably September 1945. M4A3(76)W HVSS production consisted of 4,542 tanks out of the total 49,234 Shermans produced in its production life.
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| − | | |
| − | ===Combat usage===
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| − | As a newly developed Sherman late in the war, the M4A3E8 did not see much use in the European theater until near the end of the war. Earlier deployment of such tanks did not take priority as military commanders did not take the 76 mm gun with much enthusiasm as the 75 mm gun could fire a much better high-explosive round to fight softer targets, which consists of more than half of the engagements the Shermans typically face. Another reason why these tanks did not see service earlier was the lack of battle need. The 75 mm gun was doing its job well and there were already a few [[M4A1 (76) W|76 mm Shermans]] going around fine with the older VVSS. These opinions changed with the Battle of the Bulge, where the German offensive with large numbers of their heavy tanks such as the [[Panther G|Panthers]] and [[Tiger II (H)|Tiger II's]] decimated armoured units stationed in the Ardennes. The M4A3E8 saw its first service in the Battle of the Bulge in low numbers, but their prevalence increased after December 1944 when the Battle of the Bulge urged many military commanders, even Eisenhower, to request further deliveries of Shermans to only be armed with the 76 mm cannons. The new units deploying in Europe afterwards had exclusively 76 mm Shermans and as standardization in the suspension went on, the HVSS became more and more common in the European theater.
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| − | | |
| − | When World War II ended, many tank units and their Shermans were decommissioned and put out of service, distributed out to NATO allies. Of the 10,000 Shermans the US Army had in 1945, only about 3,202 units were left by 1950 with almost half unserviceable. The need of such tanks returned with the advent of the Korean War in 1950, which had the US military scrounge up whatever tanks they had in their storage to assist the South Koreans and their troops on the ground. This allowed them to build up units with the M4A3E8 and the heavier, but better armed [[M26|M26 Pershing]], building up around five tank battalions. The 8072nd Tank Battalion was raised from Shermans from the occupational forces of Japan and were the first to be sent to Korea in July 1950. By the end of the year, 1,326 tanks were on the ground, of which half were the M4A3E8. The M26 Pershing and M4A3E8 served alongside in the tank battles ensuing from August to October 1950. The most common enemy tank the Allies faced were the Soviet-supplied [[T-34-85]] medium tank. Between the M4A3E8 and the T-34-85, they were nearly identical in statistics as both were able to take each other out easily. Of the two, the Shermans prevailed with the better crew training and gun optics, allowing for an edge in a combat scenario. After these months, tank-vs-tank combat dropped significantly and the tank soon returned to the role of infantry support. It was this role that the Sherman won out against the M26 Pershing as the Pershing suffered from mechanical issues due to weighing ten tons more than a Sherman, but used the same engine. The Sherman was a proven design and was easier to maintain, more mobile, and reliable. It wasn't until the [[M46|M46 Patton]], an upgraded Pershing with improved reliability, that the Shermans were formally replaced in US service.
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| − | While the Shermans were finally replaced in American service, many other countries that received the Shermans still used them all the way to the turn of the century. The most famous is Israel, who received a large handful of Shermans from the British to fight for its war of independence in 1948. When the Soviet started aiding the Middle East countries with tanks like the [[T-34-85]], [[PT-76B|PT-76]], and even the [[T-54 (1951)|T-54s]], Israel launched a program with cooperation with France to upgrade the Shermans. The result was the implementation of the AMX-13's 75 mm gun, based off the [[Panther G|Panther]]'s [[KwK 42 (75 mm)|gun]], onto the Sherman turret. Another program in the 1960s attached the larger 105 mm Modèle F1 French gun from their AMX-30 into the Sherman. The upgraded 75 mm and 105 mm Shermans were designated the ''M-50'' and ''M-51'' respectively, both more well known as the ''"Super Sherman"'' abroad. These tanks served in the Middle East conflicts that Israel had to deal with such as the 1956 Suez Crisis, 1967 Six-Day War, and the 1973 Yom Kippur War, where the "Super Shermans" proved itself as adequate against the superior and more modern Soviet tanks. These Shermans serve as a symbol of how desperate Israel's situation is with their neighbors, and also an example of how the Sherman is a proven design able to keep up with the arms race with adequate upgrades in its armaments.
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| − | == Media ==
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| − | <!--''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''-->
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| − | [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=#m4a3 '''Skins''' and '''camouflages''' for the M4A3 series from live.warthunder.com.]
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| − | == Media ==
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| − | ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''
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| − | == See also ==
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| − | ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
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| − | * ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
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| − | * ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''
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| − | == External links ==
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| − | ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
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| − | * ''topic on the official game forum;''
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| − | * ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
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| − | * ''other literature.''
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| − | {{USA medium tanks}}
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