Difference between revisions of "AN/APS-6"

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(Article for the AN/APS-6 radar used on the F6F-5N. Complete with history of radar and explanation of spiral scan (why it appears to scan ludicrously fast).)
 
m (→‎History: Fixed Date Typo)
 
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__TOC__
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== Description ==
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<!-- ''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the radar and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this radar in the game.'' -->
  
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==Description==
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The '''AN/APS-6''' is an American [[Airborne Radars|airborne target detection (search) radar]] with tracking capability. It was used on nightfighters and in the game is found on the [[F6F-5N]].
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<!-- Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the radar and also about its features. Make an air or ground vehicles list on which this radar is installed in our game. -->
 
  
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The '''AN/APS-6''' is an American [[Airborne Radars|airborne target detection (search) radar]] with tracking capability. It was used on nightfighters and in game is found on the [[F6F-5N]].
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=== Vehicles equipped with this radar ===
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<!-- ''List out vehicles that are equipped with the radar.'' -->
  
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===Vehicles equipped with this radar===
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* {{Specs-Link|f6f-5n}}
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<!-- List out vehicles that are equipped with the radar. -->
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* {{Specs-Link|f6f-5n_france}}
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* [[F6F-5N]]
 
  
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==General info / usage==
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== General info / usage ==
 +
<!-- ''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the radar. Describe its distinctive features and tactics of usage against the main opponents.'' -->
 
[[File:F6F-5N_Spiral_Scan.png|300px|thumb|right|A visual representation of the general path the radar beam follows during a spiral scan pattern.]]
 
[[File:F6F-5N_Spiral_Scan.png|300px|thumb|right|A visual representation of the general path the radar beam follows during a spiral scan pattern.]]
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<!-- Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the radar. Describe its distinctive features, tactics of usage against the main opponents. -->
 
  
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The AN/APS-6 is primarily a target detection radar however it does have a limited tracking capability. The radar has a theoretical maximum detection range of 60 km, however in reality air targets will nearly always only be detected at much shorter distances (historically at long ranges the radar was mainly used to detect land masses).
+
The AN/APS-6 is primarily a target detection radar however it does have a limited tracking capability. The radar has a theoretical maximum detection range of 60 km, however, in reality, air targets will nearly always only be detected at much shorter distances (historically at long ranges the radar was mainly used to detect land masses).
  
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The radar operates in a "Spiral Scan" search pattern, where the radar dish spins rapidly scanning the area in front of the aircraft following a spiral path (see image to the right). As a result of this the radar appears to spin very rapidly (in real life 20 times a second) on the radar display, however targets are not updated on every pass as the radar is pointing at a different angle on each pass. Likewise depending on whether the radar is pointing towards the outside of the spiral or towards the centre the effect of ground clutter is different, making it appear to "pulse" on the radar display.
+
The radar operates in a "Spiral Scan" search pattern, where the radar dish spins rapidly scanning the area in front of the aircraft following a spiral path (see image to the right). As a result of this, the radar appears to spin very rapidly (in real life 20 times a second) on the radar display, however, targets are not updated on every pass as the radar is pointing at a different angle on each pass. Likewise depending on whether the radar is pointing towards the outside of the spiral or towards the centre the effect of ground clutter is different, making it appear to "pulse" on the radar display.
  
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The radar can lock on to and track targets within a narrow cone out to a maximum range of 1 km; however in order to do this the radar must cease scanning. This function mimics the gun aiming mode found on the real radar. At short range the radar could be switched to gun aiming mode where a circle was displayed on the radar display and the pilot maneuvered their aircraft to position the radar return within the circle (this ensured their guns were pointed at the target). The radar would then indicate to the pilot once the range had closed to that of the guns convergence, allowing the pilot to hit the target.  
+
The radar can lock on to and track targets within a narrow cone out to a maximum range of 1 km; however, in order to do this, the radar must cease scanning. This function mimics the gun aiming mode found on the real radar. At short range, the radar could be switched to gun aiming mode where a circle was displayed on the radar display and the pilot manoeuvred their aircraft to position the radar return within the circle (this ensured their guns were pointed at the target). The radar would then indicate to the pilot once the range had closed to that of the guns convergence, allowing the pilot to hit the target.
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
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! colspan="4" | Search Characteristics
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! colspan="7" | Features
 
|-
 
|-
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! {{Annotation|Maximum<br/>Detection<br/>Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
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! Band !! Pulse mode !! {{Annotation|PD|Pulse-Doppler}} mode !! {{Annotation|MTI|Moving target indication}} mode !! {{Annotation|IRST|Infrared search and track}} mode !! {{Annotation|TWS|Track-while-Scan}} mode !! {{Annotation|SARH|Able to guide semi-active radar-homing missiles}}
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! {{Annotation|Guaranteed<br/>Detection<br/>Range|The range, below which, detection of a target is practically guaranteed}}
 
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! {{Annotation|Minimum<br/>Detection<br/>Range|The range below which targets cannot be detected by the radar}}
 
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! {{Annotation|Range Settings|The available range scale settings of the radar}}
 
 
|-
 
|-
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| 60,000 m || 7,200 m || 150 m || 1 km, 9 km, 46 km,<br/>120 km
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| I || ✓ || X || X || X || X || X
 
|-
 
|-
−
! colspan="4" | Search Modes
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|}
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
 +
! colspan="7" | Search characteristics
 
|-
 
|-
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! {{Annotation|Search Mode|The search mode of the radar (some radars have multiple search modes with different characteristics)}}
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! Mode
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! {{Annotation|Azimuth Scan<br/>Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan}}
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! {{Annotation|Max range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
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! {{Annotation|Elevation Scan<br/>Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan}}
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! {{Annotation|Effective range|The maximum range at which a target can be detected with ~100% efficiency}}
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! {{Annotation|Scan Time|The time taken to complete one scan (the scan bar moving from one edge of the radar display to the other)}}
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! {{Annotation|Display ranges|The available range scale settings of the radar}}
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! {{Annotation|IFF|Identification friend or foe}}
 
|-
 
|-
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| Default || ±60° || ±60° || 1.2 s (Spiral Scan)
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| SRC || 60 km || 7.2 km || 2 km, 9 km, 46 km,<br>120 km || ✓
 
|-
 
|-
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! colspan="4" | Tracking Characteristics
+
|}
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
 +
! colspan="7" | Search modes
 
|-
 
|-
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! {{Annotation|Maximum<br/>Tracking<br/>Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
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! Mode
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! {{Annotation|Minimum<br/>Tracking<br/>Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
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! Scan type
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! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking<br/>Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
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! {{Annotation|Azimuth|How far to each side the radar scans}}
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! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking<br/>Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
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! {{Annotation|Elevation|How far up and down the radar scans}}
 +
! {{Annotation|Period|The time taken to complete one scan (the scan bar moving from one edge of the scan sector to the other)}}
 
|-
 
|-
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| 1,000 m || 100 m || ±15° || ±15°
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! rowspan="1" | SRC
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| One-way raster || ±60° || ±30° || 1.2 s
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|-
 +
|}
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
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! colspan="7" | Tracking characteristics
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|-
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! Mode
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! {{Annotation|Max range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
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! {{Annotation|Azimuth limit|How far to each side the radar can track}}
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! {{Annotation|Elevation limit|How far up and down the radar can track}}
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|-
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| TRK || 1 km || ±15° || ±15°
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
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===Comparison with analogues===
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=== Comparison with analogues ===
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<!-- Give a comparative description of similar or related radars. -->
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<!-- ''Give a comparative description of similar or related radars.'' -->
 
Compared to other wartime radars the AN/APS-6 has good scanning angles and an OK range. Compared to the [[AN/APG-26]] the tracking angles of the AN/APS-6 are poor, although better than those on the [[RP-5]]. The tracking range is far inferior to both the [[AN/APG-26]] and [[RP-5]].
 
Compared to other wartime radars the AN/APS-6 has good scanning angles and an OK range. Compared to the [[AN/APG-26]] the tracking angles of the AN/APS-6 are poor, although better than those on the [[RP-5]]. The tracking range is far inferior to both the [[AN/APG-26]] and [[RP-5]].
  
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===Pros and cons===
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=== Pros and cons ===
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<!-- Summarize and briefly evaluate the radar in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list. -->
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<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the radar in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.'' -->
  
 
'''Pros:'''
 
'''Pros:'''
 +
 
* Decent range
 
* Decent range
 
* Can track targets
 
* Can track targets
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'''Cons:'''
 
'''Cons:'''
 +
 
* Inferior range and scanning angles to some high tier radars
 
* Inferior range and scanning angles to some high tier radars
 
* Tracking capability is limited
 
* Tracking capability is limited
  
 
== History ==
 
== History ==
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<!-- Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of this radar. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the radar and adding a block "/ History" (example: https://wiki.warthunder.com/(radar-name)/History) and add a link to it here using the main template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <ref>, as well as adding them at the end of the article. -->
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<!-- ''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the radar in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the radar and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Radar-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.'' -->
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[[File:F6F-5N_Gun_Radar.png|300px|thumb|right|The AN/APS-6 radar's display in gun-sight mode (blips for demonstration purposes). In the top image the target would be above and to the right of the radar and too far away to engage. In the bottom image the radar (and the aircrafts guns) are pointing at the target and it is the correct distance away for the gun's convergence; if the pilot shoots they would hit the target.]]
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[[File:F6F-5N_Gun_Radar.png|300px|thumb|right|The AN/APS-6 radar's display in gun-sight mode (blips for demonstration purposes). In the top image, the target would be above and to the right of the radar and too far away to engage. In the bottom image, the radar (and the aircraft's guns) are pointing at the target and it is the correct distance away for the gun's convergence; if the pilot shoots they would hit the target.]]
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The AN/APS-6 was manufactured by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation, designed for use on carrier-based night fighter aircraft. Work on the radar began in April 1943 with production estimated to start at the beginning of 1944. By September 1043 it was becoming clear that the production target would not be met due to problems arising with Westinghouse's RF head; in order to begin production it was decided to reuse the RF head from the earlier "ASD" radar. The first of these radars, designated AN/APS-6A, began rolling off the production line in March 1944; with the AN/APS-6 (with the new RF head) entering production in September 1944.
+
The AN/APS-6 was manufactured by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation, designed for use on carrier-based night fighter aircraft. Work on the radar began in April 1943 with production estimated to start at the beginning of 1944. By September 1943 it was becoming clear that the production target would not be met due to problems arising with Westinghouse's RF head; in order to begin production, it was decided to reuse the RF head from the earlier "ASD" radar. The first of these radars designated AN/APS-6A, began rolling off the production line in March 1944; with the AN/APS-6 (with the new RF head) entering production in September 1944.
  
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The radar weighed 242 lbs (110 kg) and in its normal search mode operated in a spiral scan pattern (see image at the top of the article). In order to scan this way a 400 W, 6,000 rpm spun the radar dish around its longitudinal axis (the axis parallel with the centerline of the aircraft) through a reduction gear box meaning that the radar dish span at 1,200 rpm (20 revolutions a second). As it span the radar dish was made to "nod" back and fourth 60° in each direction, which combined with the spinning produced the spiral pattern and allows the radar to scan a 120° (60° in each direction) cone in front of the aircraft.
+
The radar weighed 242 lbs (110 kg) and in its normal search mode operated in a spiral scan pattern (see image at the top of the article). In order to scan this way a 400 W, 6,000 rpm spun the radar dish around its longitudinal axis (the axis parallel with the centerline of the aircraft) through a reduction gearbox meaning that the radar dish span at 1,200 rpm (20 revolutions a second). As it span the radar dish was made to "nod" back and forth 60° in each direction, which combined with the spinning produced the spiral pattern and allows the radar to scan a 120° (60° in each direction) cone in front of the aircraft.
  
−
The radar's primary display was "[[Airborne_radars#Display_types|B-scope]]" (a rectangular top down display where the distance from the bottom of the display gives the range, and the distance from the centre line the azimuth, of a target), which provided different function at different ranges. At the 65-Mile & 25-Mile range settings the radar could return large surface contacts such as ships as bright dots on the radar display, and would show land masses as large filled in areas on the display. It was possible to detect air targets on the 25-Mile setting. The 5-Mile & 1-Mile range settings were primarily used for detecting aircraft. At these range settings the B-scope transitioned into a H-Scope; a type of B-scope where each target is returned as two dots next to each other, where the left hand dot is the position of the target and the right-hand dot's position relative to the left hand dot gives the elevation of the target. In these two settings a horizontal bar could also be displayed across the screen, displaying the altitude of the aircraft (allowing it to function as a form of radar altimeter).
+
The radar's primary display was "[[Airborne_radars#Display_types|B-scope]]" (a rectangular top-down display where the distance from the bottom of the display gives the range, and the distance from the centre line the azimuth, of a target), which provided different function at different ranges. At the 65-Mile & 25-Mile range settings, the radar could return large surface contacts such as ships as bright dots on the radar display and would show land masses as large filled in areas on the display. It was possible to detect air targets on the 25-Mile setting. The 5-Mile & 1-Mile range settings were primarily used for detecting aircraft. At these range settings, the B-scope transitioned into an H-Scope; a type of B-scope where each target is returned as two dots next to each other, where the left-hand dot is the position of the target and the right-hand dot's position relative to the left-hand dot gives the elevation of the target. In these two settings, a horizontal bar could also be displayed across the screen, displaying the altitude of the aircraft (allowing it to function as a form of radar altimeter).
  
−
A final mode of the radar was the "Gun-Aim" mode; in this mode the B-scope display was replaced with a G-scope, a type of C-scope. In this mode the radar stopped using spiral scan, switching to a conical scan where the radar dish was locked at a slight angle and continued spinning, as a result the radar scanned a narrow cone in front of the aircraft. A circle and a pair of vertical lines would be displayed on the radar screen and targets would be displayed as dots where their distance from the centre of the circle showed their azimuth and elevation relative to the radar. The radar return had a horizontal line passing through it which grows in length as the target gets closer. The pilot would maneuver the aircraft to position the target in the centre of the circle, they would then close in on the target until the horizontal line grew to a point where it was touching the two vertical lines. At that point the pilot would fire the guns in order to hit the target. This is the display mode statically modeled on the radar display in the cockpit of the [[F6F-5N]] in game; in the image to the right radar returns have been added to the display to demonstrate it's operation.
+
A final mode of the radar was the "Gun-Aim" mode; in this mode, the B-scope display was replaced with a G-scope, a type of C-scope. In this mode the radar stopped using spiral scan, switching to a conical scan where the radar dish was locked at a slight angle and continued spinning, as a result, the radar scanned a narrow cone in front of the aircraft. A circle and a pair of vertical lines would be displayed on the radar screen and targets would be displayed as dots where their distance from the centre of the circle showed their azimuth and elevation relative to the radar. The radar return had a horizontal line passing through it which grows in length as the target gets closer. The pilot would manoeuvre the aircraft to position the target in the centre of the circle, they would then close in on the target until the horizontal line grew to a point where it was touching the two vertical lines. At that point, the pilot would fire the guns in order to hit the target. This is the display mode statically modelled on the radar display in the cockpit of the [[F6F-5N]] in-game; in the image to the right radar returns have been added to the display to demonstrate it's operation.
  
 
== Media ==
 
== Media ==
−
''An excellent addition to the article would be a video guide, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''
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''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
−
<!-- Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:
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<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
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reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;
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* ''reference to articles about variants of the radar;''
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references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees. -->
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* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.'' -->
  
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* [[Airborne Radars]]
 
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* [[F6F-5N]]
 
 
* [[RP-5]] (another radar with combined search and track functions)
 
* [[RP-5]] (another radar with combined search and track functions)
  
 
== External links ==
 
== External links ==
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<!--''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
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<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
 
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
 
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
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* ''encyclopedia page on weapon;''
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* ''other literature.'' -->
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* ''other literature.''-->
 
  
 
* [https://www.febo.com/pages/docs/RadLab/VOL_26_Radar_Scanners_and_Radomes.pdf Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Radiation Laboratory Series - Radar Scanners And Radomes]
 
* [https://www.febo.com/pages/docs/RadLab/VOL_26_Radar_Scanners_and_Radomes.pdf Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Radiation Laboratory Series - Radar Scanners And Radomes]

Latest revision as of 10:14, 20 April 2024

Description

The AN/APS-6 is an American airborne target detection (search) radar with tracking capability. It was used on nightfighters and in the game is found on the F6F-5N.

Vehicles equipped with this radar

General info / usage

A visual representation of the general path the radar beam follows during a spiral scan pattern.

The AN/APS-6 is primarily a target detection radar however it does have a limited tracking capability. The radar has a theoretical maximum detection range of 60 km, however, in reality, air targets will nearly always only be detected at much shorter distances (historically at long ranges the radar was mainly used to detect land masses).

The radar operates in a "Spiral Scan" search pattern, where the radar dish spins rapidly scanning the area in front of the aircraft following a spiral path (see image to the right). As a result of this, the radar appears to spin very rapidly (in real life 20 times a second) on the radar display, however, targets are not updated on every pass as the radar is pointing at a different angle on each pass. Likewise depending on whether the radar is pointing towards the outside of the spiral or towards the centre the effect of ground clutter is different, making it appear to "pulse" on the radar display.

The radar can lock on to and track targets within a narrow cone out to a maximum range of 1 km; however, in order to do this, the radar must cease scanning. This function mimics the gun aiming mode found on the real radar. At short range, the radar could be switched to gun aiming mode where a circle was displayed on the radar display and the pilot manoeuvred their aircraft to position the radar return within the circle (this ensured their guns were pointed at the target). The radar would then indicate to the pilot once the range had closed to that of the guns convergence, allowing the pilot to hit the target.

Features
Band Pulse mode PD mode MTI mode IRST mode TWS mode SARH
I ✓ X X X X X
Search characteristics
Mode Max range Effective range Display ranges IFF
SRC 60 km 7.2 km 2 km, 9 km, 46 km,
120 km 		✓
Search modes
Mode Scan type Azimuth Elevation Period
SRC One-way raster ±60° ±30° 1.2 s
Tracking characteristics
Mode Max range Azimuth limit Elevation limit
TRK 1 km ±15° ±15°

Comparison with analogues

Compared to other wartime radars the AN/APS-6 has good scanning angles and an OK range. Compared to the AN/APG-26 the tracking angles of the AN/APS-6 are poor, although better than those on the RP-5. The tracking range is far inferior to both the AN/APG-26 and RP-5.

Pros and cons

Pros:

  • Decent range
  • Can track targets
  • OK horizontal scanning angles and very good vertical scanning angles

Cons:

  • Inferior range and scanning angles to some high tier radars
  • Tracking capability is limited

History

The AN/APS-6 radar's display in gun-sight mode (blips for demonstration purposes). In the top image, the target would be above and to the right of the radar and too far away to engage. In the bottom image, the radar (and the aircraft's guns) are pointing at the target and it is the correct distance away for the gun's convergence; if the pilot shoots they would hit the target.

The AN/APS-6 was manufactured by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation, designed for use on carrier-based night fighter aircraft. Work on the radar began in April 1943 with production estimated to start at the beginning of 1944. By September 1943 it was becoming clear that the production target would not be met due to problems arising with Westinghouse's RF head; in order to begin production, it was decided to reuse the RF head from the earlier "ASD" radar. The first of these radars designated AN/APS-6A, began rolling off the production line in March 1944; with the AN/APS-6 (with the new RF head) entering production in September 1944.

The radar weighed 242 lbs (110 kg) and in its normal search mode operated in a spiral scan pattern (see image at the top of the article). In order to scan this way a 400 W, 6,000 rpm spun the radar dish around its longitudinal axis (the axis parallel with the centerline of the aircraft) through a reduction gearbox meaning that the radar dish span at 1,200 rpm (20 revolutions a second). As it span the radar dish was made to "nod" back and forth 60° in each direction, which combined with the spinning produced the spiral pattern and allows the radar to scan a 120° (60° in each direction) cone in front of the aircraft.

The radar's primary display was "B-scope" (a rectangular top-down display where the distance from the bottom of the display gives the range, and the distance from the centre line the azimuth, of a target), which provided different function at different ranges. At the 65-Mile & 25-Mile range settings, the radar could return large surface contacts such as ships as bright dots on the radar display and would show land masses as large filled in areas on the display. It was possible to detect air targets on the 25-Mile setting. The 5-Mile & 1-Mile range settings were primarily used for detecting aircraft. At these range settings, the B-scope transitioned into an H-Scope; a type of B-scope where each target is returned as two dots next to each other, where the left-hand dot is the position of the target and the right-hand dot's position relative to the left-hand dot gives the elevation of the target. In these two settings, a horizontal bar could also be displayed across the screen, displaying the altitude of the aircraft (allowing it to function as a form of radar altimeter).

A final mode of the radar was the "Gun-Aim" mode; in this mode, the B-scope display was replaced with a G-scope, a type of C-scope. In this mode the radar stopped using spiral scan, switching to a conical scan where the radar dish was locked at a slight angle and continued spinning, as a result, the radar scanned a narrow cone in front of the aircraft. A circle and a pair of vertical lines would be displayed on the radar screen and targets would be displayed as dots where their distance from the centre of the circle showed their azimuth and elevation relative to the radar. The radar return had a horizontal line passing through it which grows in length as the target gets closer. The pilot would manoeuvre the aircraft to position the target in the centre of the circle, they would then close in on the target until the horizontal line grew to a point where it was touching the two vertical lines. At that point, the pilot would fire the guns in order to hit the target. This is the display mode statically modelled on the radar display in the cockpit of the F6F-5N in-game; in the image to the right radar returns have been added to the display to demonstrate it's operation.

Media

Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.

See also

  • RP-5 (another radar with combined search and track functions)

External links

Retrieved from "https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=AN/APS-6&oldid=185399"