Difference between revisions of "Type 99 Model 2 (20 mm)"

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== Description ==
 
== Description ==
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''
+
<!--Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.-->
 +
[[File:Type 99 Mark 2 Auto-Cannon.jpg|thumb|left|400x400px|Type 99 Model 2 Mark 3]]
 +
 
 +
The '''Type 99 Model 2''' was the main 20 mm aircraft cannon for the Imperial Japanese Navy during WW2, replacing the earlier drum-fed [[Type 99 Model 1 (20 mm)|Type 99 Model]]. It was mounted on nigh every IJN aircraft in a pair or quad setup, allowing for a significant firepower boost that helped the fighters of the time compete with the exceedingly well-armed American aircraft that they faced.
 +
 
 +
The principal differences between Model 2 and Model 1 consist of a longer barrel and a longer chamber. The barrel protrudes 18 inches beyond the leading edge when mounted in the wings of fighter aircraft. The projectiles used are identical to the Model 1, but the cartridge employed contains approximately 40% more propellant than the older type, thereby increasing the velocity of the Model 2 to a respectable 750 m/s opposed to the Model 1's 600 m/s.
  
 
=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===
 
=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===
Line 10: Line 15:
 
{{Navigation-Line|A7M}}{{Specs-Link|a7m1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|a7m2}}
 
{{Navigation-Line|A7M}}{{Specs-Link|a7m1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|a7m2}}
 
{{Navigation-Line|J2M}}{{Specs-Link|j2m2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|j2m3}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|j2m4_kai}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|j2m5}}
 
{{Navigation-Line|J2M}}{{Specs-Link|j2m2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|j2m3}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|j2m4_kai}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|j2m5}}
 +
{{Navigation-Line|J6K}}{{Specs-Link|j6k1}}
 
{{Navigation-Line|N1K}}{{Specs-Link|n1k1_ja}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|n1k2_j}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|n1k2_jko}}
 
{{Navigation-Line|N1K}}{{Specs-Link|n1k1_ja}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|n1k2_j}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|n1k2_jko}}
  
Line 19: Line 25:
  
 
== General info ==
 
== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''
+
<!--Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.-->
 +
 
 +
The Model 2 cannons have a rate of fire of 490 RPM, implying the variant in game is the Model 2 Mark 3, as the later Model 2 Mark 5 cannon had a sustained rate of fire of 620 RPM. Muzzle velocity is average, between 700 m/s and 750 m/s depending on the shell. It is of note that the Model 2 cannons typically hold a large amount of rounds per gun, ranging from 150 to 250, which allows for a significantly large ammunition pool in its traditional quad or double mount setup.
  
 
=== Available ammunition ===
 
=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''
+
<!-- Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells). -->
 +
 
 +
* T - Standard tracer shell
 +
* FI - Fragment Incendiary shell
 +
* AP-I - Armour Piercing Incendiary shell, second most common among belt setups
 +
* HEF - High Explosive Fragmentation shell, most common among belt setups
 +
* HEF-T - Tracer variant of HEF shell, slightly higher muzzle velocity but lower explosive power
 +
 
 +
'''Belts:'''
 +
 
 +
* Default: T, FI, FI, API
 +
* Universal: HEF-T, HEF, HEF, AP-I
 +
* Ground Targets: AP-I, AP-I, AP-I, AP-I, HEF, HEF-T
 +
* Tracers: HEF-T, HEF-T, HEF-T, HEF-T
 +
* Stealth: HEF, HEF, HEF, AP-I, AP-I
  
 
=== Comparison with analogues ===
 
=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''
+
<!-- Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon. -->
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
!''Name''
 +
!''Cartridge''
 +
!''Projectile''
 +
''weight''
 +
!''Rate of fire''
 +
!''Muzzle''
 +
''velocity''
 +
!''Gun''
 +
''weight''
 +
|-
 +
| colspan="2" |
 +
|''(grams)''
 +
|''(rpm)''
 +
|''(m/s)''
 +
|''(kg)''
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="6" |''France''
 +
|-
 +
|[[Hispano 404 (20 mm)|Hispano 404]]
 +
|''20 × 110''
 +
|''130''
 +
|''700''
 +
|''880''
 +
|''60''
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="6" |''Germany''
 +
|-
 +
|[[MG FF (20 mm)|MG FF]]
 +
|''20 × 80RB''
 +
|''134''
 +
|''520''
 +
|''600''
 +
|''28''
 +
|-
 +
|[[MG FF/M (20 mm)|MG FF/M]]
 +
|''20 × 80RB''
 +
|''92/115''
 +
|''540/520''
 +
|''700/585''
 +
|''28''
 +
|-
 +
|[[MG 151 (20 mm)|MG 151/20]]
 +
|''20 × 82''
 +
|''92/115''
 +
|''750–800''
 +
|''800/720''
 +
|''42''
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="6" |''Japanese Army''
 +
|-
 +
|[[Ho-1 (20 mm)|Ho-1]]
 +
|''20 × 125''
 +
|''144''
 +
|''400''
 +
|''805''
 +
|''45''
 +
|-
 +
|[[Ho-3 (20 mm)|Ho-3]]
 +
|''20 × 125''
 +
|''144''
 +
|''400''
 +
|''805''
 +
|''45''
 +
|-
 +
|[[Ho-5 (20 mm)|Ho-5]]
 +
|''20 × 94''
 +
|''96''
 +
|''750–850''
 +
|''715''
 +
|''37''
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="6" |''Japanese Navy''
 +
|-
 +
|''Type 99 Mark 1 Model 2~3''
 +
|''20 × 72RB''
 +
|''129''
 +
|''520~550''
 +
|''600''
 +
|''23~27''
 +
|-
 +
|''Type 99 Mark 2 Model 3~5''
 +
|''20 × 101RB''
 +
|''129''
 +
|''480~720''
 +
|''750''
 +
|''35~38''
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="6" |''Great Britain''
 +
|-
 +
|[[Hispano Mk.II (20 mm)]]
 +
|''20 × 110''
 +
|''130''
 +
|''600''
 +
|''880''
 +
|''50''
 +
|-
 +
|[[Hispano Mk.V (20 mm)]]
 +
|''20 × 110''
 +
|''130''
 +
|''750''
 +
|''840''
 +
|''42''
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="6" |''USSR''
 +
|-
 +
|[[ShVAK (20 mm)|ShVAK]]
 +
|''20 × 99R''
 +
|''95''
 +
|''800''
 +
|''750–770''
 +
|''42''
 +
|-
 +
|[[B-20 (20 mm) (Family)|B-20]]
 +
|''20 × 99R''
 +
|''95''
 +
|''800''
 +
|''750–770''
 +
|''25''
 +
|-
 +
|[[VYa-23 (23 mm)|VYa-23]]
 +
|''23 × 152B''
 +
|''200''
 +
|''550''
 +
|''880''
 +
|''69''
 +
|-
 +
|[[NS-23 (23 mm)|NS-23]]
 +
|''23 × 115''
 +
|''200''
 +
|''550''
 +
|''690''
 +
|''37''
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="6" |''United States''
 +
|-
 +
|[[AN/M2 (20 mm)|AN/M2]]
 +
|''20 × 110''
 +
|''130''
 +
|''600–700''
 +
|''870''
 +
|''51''
 +
|-
 +
|[[M3 (20 mm)|M3]]
 +
|''20 × 110''
 +
|''130''
 +
|''600–750''
 +
|''840''
 +
|''54''
 +
|}
  
 
== Usage in battles ==
 
== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''
+
<!-- Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. -->
 +
The Type 99 Mark 2's are very "middle of the road" cannons in War Thunder, as they are not amazing at anything but not bad at anything either. Although they have gotten a bad reputation for poor damage output, the Mark 2's raw damage is quite respectable when aimed well. Being middle of the road weapons means that you can use them in many scenarios and they will perform their job amicably, but the usage style changes depending on what aircraft one is approaching. When engaging fighter aircraft, a quick burst to the cockpit or tail is generally enough to get the job done, but you might have to use more ammunition for heavier aircraft such as twin-engined fighters or attackers. When engaging bombers, the pilot must take a more reserved approach when attacking as a good amount of bombers that one will face can soak up damage like a sponge, so aiming at the engines and wings are crucial for preserving ammunition.
 +
 
 +
Your belt of choice should be the reliable ''Universal'' belt, as it provides the most balanced ammunition spread and a tracer for aiming. However, if you are familiar with the Mark 2's ballistics, the ''Stealth'' belt is an excellent choice due to the removal of the tracer round and an additional AP-I shell, allowing you to sneakily strike unaware enemies.
  
 
=== Pros and cons ===
 
=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''
+
<!--Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.-->
  
 
'''Pros:'''
 
'''Pros:'''
*
+
 
 +
* Good all-rounder weapons that deal decent damage to all targets
 +
* Typically carries a large ammunition load
 +
* Lower rate of fire allows for forced conservation of ammunition
 +
* Hard to jam, able to fire continuously for nearly 10 seconds with crew skills
 +
* Reasonably accurate
 +
* Seems to excel in starting fires
 +
* HEF shell is excellent and deals great damage
  
 
'''Cons:'''
 
'''Cons:'''
*
+
 
 +
* Has a tendency to spark
 +
* Low rate of fire, nearly half of contemporaries
 +
* Guns are usually mounted on the wings, creating significant convergence
  
 
== History ==
 
== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''
+
<!--Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.-->
 +
Around early 1935, Japan noticed that it was starting to fall behind in armaments as the 7.7 mm Type 97 and Type 87 machine guns became obsolete, and as such turned their gaze northwest to search for a solution. The Japanese Army sought to upscale their M2 Browning derived Ho-103 machine gun, which became the excellent Ho-5, but the Navy searched for a lighter cannon due to the emphasis on weight saving in aircraft. The Oerlikon FF became the weapon of choice and the IJN negotiated to produce the cannon in Japan, which was designated simply as ''E-Shiki''. The ''E-Shiki'' was continuously refined and improved until 1941, when it received the Type 99 designation. Although inferior to the Army's Ho-5, it was the lightest aircraft cannon of the war at a mere ~23-27 kilograms thanks to its APIB action, making it the first choice for the Navy's new lightweight, carrier-borne fighter aircraft that would become the legendary A6M Zero. The early Model 1 cannon was based on the Oerlikon FF and was fed by a 60 round drum magazine, although this changed to a higher capacity 100-round drum magazine around 1942.
 +
 
 +
The Model 2 cannon emerged mid-1942 as a heavier alternative based on the Oerlikon FFL in response to the larger and stronger airframes of later Japanese aircraft that could accommodate larger weapons. The larger size, weight and more efficient cyclic action allowed for a significant increase in muzzle velocity, from 600 m/s to 750 m/s at the cost of a slightly lower rate of fire of 490 RPM in the earlier marks (something that was remedied in the later marks). The first mark used the same 60-100 round drum magazines as the Model 1 cannon, but this was changed to proper belt feeds that allowed for significantly more ammunition to be carried in mark 3, the most common of the versions. The last mark to see service was the Mark 5, which introduced a number of improvements and innovations in the bolt and belt feed systems to achieve a much higher rate of fire of 750~850 RPM but saw limited use due to its late introduction in May of 1945.
  
 
== Media ==
 
== Media ==
Line 47: Line 236:
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
 
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
 
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
 +
 
* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
 
* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
 
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''
 
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''
Line 52: Line 242:
 
== External links ==
 
== External links ==
 
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
 
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
 +
 
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
 
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
 
* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
 
* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''

Revision as of 13:56, 30 March 2020

Description

Type 99 Model 2 Mark 3

The Type 99 Model 2 was the main 20 mm aircraft cannon for the Imperial Japanese Navy during WW2, replacing the earlier drum-fed Type 99 Model. It was mounted on nigh every IJN aircraft in a pair or quad setup, allowing for a significant firepower boost that helped the fighters of the time compete with the exceedingly well-armed American aircraft that they faced.

The principal differences between Model 2 and Model 1 consist of a longer barrel and a longer chamber. The barrel protrudes 18 inches beyond the leading edge when mounted in the wings of fighter aircraft. The projectiles used are identical to the Model 1, but the cartridge employed contains approximately 40% more propellant than the older type, thereby increasing the velocity of the Model 2 to a respectable 750 m/s opposed to the Model 1's 600 m/s.

Vehicles equipped with this weapon

Vehicles equipped with this weapon
Fighters 
A6M  A6M3 mod. 22Ko · A6M5 · A6M5 Ko · A6M5 otsu
A7M  A7M1 (NK9H) · A7M2
J2M  J2M2 · J2M3 · J2M4 Kai · J2M5
J6K  J6K1
N1K  N1K1-Ja · N1K2-J · N1K2-Ja
Twin-engine fighters  J1N1 · J5N1
Bombers  B7A2 · G8N1 (Defensive)

General info

The Model 2 cannons have a rate of fire of 490 RPM, implying the variant in game is the Model 2 Mark 3, as the later Model 2 Mark 5 cannon had a sustained rate of fire of 620 RPM. Muzzle velocity is average, between 700 m/s and 750 m/s depending on the shell. It is of note that the Model 2 cannons typically hold a large amount of rounds per gun, ranging from 150 to 250, which allows for a significantly large ammunition pool in its traditional quad or double mount setup.

Available ammunition

  • T - Standard tracer shell
  • FI - Fragment Incendiary shell
  • AP-I - Armour Piercing Incendiary shell, second most common among belt setups
  • HEF - High Explosive Fragmentation shell, most common among belt setups
  • HEF-T - Tracer variant of HEF shell, slightly higher muzzle velocity but lower explosive power

Belts:

  • Default: T, FI, FI, API
  • Universal: HEF-T, HEF, HEF, AP-I
  • Ground Targets: AP-I, AP-I, AP-I, AP-I, HEF, HEF-T
  • Tracers: HEF-T, HEF-T, HEF-T, HEF-T
  • Stealth: HEF, HEF, HEF, AP-I, AP-I

Comparison with analogues

Name Cartridge Projectile

weight

Rate of fire Muzzle

velocity

Gun

weight

(grams) (rpm) (m/s) (kg)
France
Hispano 404 20 × 110 130 700 880 60
Germany
MG FF 20 × 80RB 134 520 600 28
MG FF/M 20 × 80RB 92/115 540/520 700/585 28
MG 151/20 20 × 82 92/115 750–800 800/720 42
Japanese Army
Ho-1 20 × 125 144 400 805 45
Ho-3 20 × 125 144 400 805 45
Ho-5 20 × 94 96 750–850 715 37
Japanese Navy
Type 99 Mark 1 Model 2~3 20 × 72RB 129 520~550 600 23~27
Type 99 Mark 2 Model 3~5 20 × 101RB 129 480~720 750 35~38
Great Britain
Hispano Mk.II (20 mm) 20 × 110 130 600 880 50
Hispano Mk.V (20 mm) 20 × 110 130 750 840 42
USSR
ShVAK 20 × 99R 95 800 750–770 42
B-20 20 × 99R 95 800 750–770 25
VYa-23 23 × 152B 200 550 880 69
NS-23 23 × 115 200 550 690 37
United States
AN/M2 20 × 110 130 600–700 870 51
M3 20 × 110 130 600–750 840 54

Usage in battles

The Type 99 Mark 2's are very "middle of the road" cannons in War Thunder, as they are not amazing at anything but not bad at anything either. Although they have gotten a bad reputation for poor damage output, the Mark 2's raw damage is quite respectable when aimed well. Being middle of the road weapons means that you can use them in many scenarios and they will perform their job amicably, but the usage style changes depending on what aircraft one is approaching. When engaging fighter aircraft, a quick burst to the cockpit or tail is generally enough to get the job done, but you might have to use more ammunition for heavier aircraft such as twin-engined fighters or attackers. When engaging bombers, the pilot must take a more reserved approach when attacking as a good amount of bombers that one will face can soak up damage like a sponge, so aiming at the engines and wings are crucial for preserving ammunition.

Your belt of choice should be the reliable Universal belt, as it provides the most balanced ammunition spread and a tracer for aiming. However, if you are familiar with the Mark 2's ballistics, the Stealth belt is an excellent choice due to the removal of the tracer round and an additional AP-I shell, allowing you to sneakily strike unaware enemies.

Pros and cons

Pros:

  • Good all-rounder weapons that deal decent damage to all targets
  • Typically carries a large ammunition load
  • Lower rate of fire allows for forced conservation of ammunition
  • Hard to jam, able to fire continuously for nearly 10 seconds with crew skills
  • Reasonably accurate
  • Seems to excel in starting fires
  • HEF shell is excellent and deals great damage

Cons:

  • Has a tendency to spark
  • Low rate of fire, nearly half of contemporaries
  • Guns are usually mounted on the wings, creating significant convergence

History

Around early 1935, Japan noticed that it was starting to fall behind in armaments as the 7.7 mm Type 97 and Type 87 machine guns became obsolete, and as such turned their gaze northwest to search for a solution. The Japanese Army sought to upscale their M2 Browning derived Ho-103 machine gun, which became the excellent Ho-5, but the Navy searched for a lighter cannon due to the emphasis on weight saving in aircraft. The Oerlikon FF became the weapon of choice and the IJN negotiated to produce the cannon in Japan, which was designated simply as E-Shiki. The E-Shiki was continuously refined and improved until 1941, when it received the Type 99 designation. Although inferior to the Army's Ho-5, it was the lightest aircraft cannon of the war at a mere ~23-27 kilograms thanks to its APIB action, making it the first choice for the Navy's new lightweight, carrier-borne fighter aircraft that would become the legendary A6M Zero. The early Model 1 cannon was based on the Oerlikon FF and was fed by a 60 round drum magazine, although this changed to a higher capacity 100-round drum magazine around 1942.

The Model 2 cannon emerged mid-1942 as a heavier alternative based on the Oerlikon FFL in response to the larger and stronger airframes of later Japanese aircraft that could accommodate larger weapons. The larger size, weight and more efficient cyclic action allowed for a significant increase in muzzle velocity, from 600 m/s to 750 m/s at the cost of a slightly lower rate of fire of 490 RPM in the earlier marks (something that was remedied in the later marks). The first mark used the same 60-100 round drum magazines as the Model 1 cannon, but this was changed to proper belt feeds that allowed for significantly more ammunition to be carried in mark 3, the most common of the versions. The last mark to see service was the Mark 5, which introduced a number of improvements and innovations in the bolt and belt feed systems to achieve a much higher rate of fire of 750~850 RPM but saw limited use due to its late introduction in May of 1945.

Media

An excellent addition to the article would be a video guide, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.

See also

Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:

  • reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;
  • references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.

External links

Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:

  • topic on the official game forum;
  • encyclopedia page on the weapon;
  • other literature.


Japan aircraft cannons
20 mm  Ho-1 · Ho-3 · Ho-5 · Type 99 Model 1 · Type 99 Model 2
30 mm  Ho-155 · Type 5
37 mm  Ho-203 · Ho-204 · Type 94
40 mm  Ho-301
57 mm  Ho-401
75 mm  Type 88
  Foreign:
20 mm  M39A3 (USA) · M61A1 (USA) · M197 (USA) · MG FF (Germany) · MG FF/M (Germany) · MG 151 (Germany)
30 mm  GAU-13/A (USA) · M230E-1 (USA)