Tor-M1

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RANK 6 BRITAIN
Rooikat 105 PACK
Tor-M1
cn_tor_m1.png
GarageImage Tor-M1.jpg
Tor-M1
AB RB SB
11.7 11.7 11.7
Class:
Research:400 000 Specs-Card-Exp.png
Purchase:1 080 000 Specs-Card-Lion.png
Show in game

Description

The Tor-M1 (GRAU: 9K331; NATO: SA-15 Gauntlet; commonly known in Chinese as 道尔-M1), was bought from Russia in late 1990s to fulfill the demand for a field air-defense system and was later reverse-engineered and improved under the name of HQ-17 (红旗-17). The basis of the Tor was to replace earlier divisional SAM systems and also develop a VLS SAM for the Soviet Navy, the result of this project was the Tor systems and they have been deployed on multiple occasions through the 21st century.

Introduced in Update "Fire and Ice" as the first SAM system to receive Track-while-Scan functionality, the Tor-M1 offers valuable anti-aircraft capabilities for the Chinese tech tree and also marked the introduction of VLS systems for the game. While the 8 missiles have rather long intercept range and sustained speed before the motor burns out, as well as having a long-range search radar, players will still have to be extra careful for targets at very high azimuth (>75°), its enormous size and launch trail that will gives away its position right away.

General info

Survivability and armour

Armourfront / side / back
Hull9 / 9 / 9
Turret6 / 6 / 6
Crew4 people
Visibility-135 %

The chassis of the Tor-M1 (GM-5955) is based on the GM-335 universal chassis, the same as the ZPRK 2S6 in Soviet service. What makes it stands out is the huge size of the battery system; not only does it have overall large dimensions that are barely smaller than the German FlaRakRad, the huge 9K330 "Scrum Half" radar system also easily gives it away during operation so fold down the search radar after confirmed detection for concealment. Its nature of a mobile SPAA battery also means that it does not have any protection against oncoming shots, the overall protection was only rated for rifle-calibre fire or shrapnel so hiding from enemies' guns and cannons is again crucial for its survival.

Armour type:

  • Rolled homogeneous armour
Armour Front (Slope angle) Sides Rear Roof
Hull 9 mm Upper (45°)
9 mm Lower (37°)
9 mm Top
9 mm Bottom
9 mm 9 mm
Turret 6 mm Turret front 6 mm 6 mm 6 mm

Notes:

  • Tracks and suspension wheels are 20 mm thick
  • Tracking radar is 15 mm structural steel

Mobility

 
Controlled suspension
It is possible to adjust the ground clearance or more complex suspension positions
Reverse gearbox
Forward and backward movement is possible at the same maximum speed
Speedforward / back
AB71 / 71 km/h
RB and SB65 / 65 km/h
Number of gears4 forward
4 back
Weight37.0 t
Engine power
AB1 603 hp
RB and SB840 hp
Power-to-weight ratio
AB43.3 hp/t
RB and SB22.7 hp/t

Thanks to the V12 V-46-1 diesel engine developing at most 840 hp and the 569A transmission with the same gear ratios on both directions, the Tor-M1 is one of the fastest tracked SPAAs, particularly in reversing (almost twice faster than the wheeled Type 93!). This allows the Tor-M1 to keep up with the team for field air-defense, while having more than enough speed to retreat into cover when necessary.

The Tor-M1 also has a controlled suspension, which allows it to adjust the vehicle's ground clearance. It can be useful for reducing the tall profile of the Tor-M1 or peeking above terrain features when necessary.

Game Mode Max Speed (km/h) Weight (tons) Engine power (horsepower) Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
Forward Reverse Stock Upgraded Stock Upgraded
Arcade 71 71 37 1,193 1,603 32.24 43.32
Realistic 65 65 743 840 20.08 22.7

Modifications and economy

Repair costBasic → Reference
AB5 744 → 7 989 Sl icon.png
RB6 844 → 9 520 Sl icon.png
SB7 679 → 10 681 Sl icon.png
Total cost of modifications280 100 Rp icon.png
469 000 Sl icon.png
Talisman cost3 100 Ge icon.png
Crew training310 000 Sl icon.png
Experts1 080 000 Sl icon.png
Aces2 200 Ge icon.png
Research Aces1 280 000 Rp icon.png
Reward for battleAB / RB / SB
160 / 210 / 200 % Sl icon.png
250 / 250 / 250 % Rp icon.png
Modifications
Mobility Protection Firepower
Mods new tank traks.png
Tracks
Research:
20 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
31 000 Sl icon.png
350 Ge icon.png
Mods new tank suspension.png
Suspension
Research:
17 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
26 000 Sl icon.png
290 Ge icon.png
Mods new tank break.png
Brake System
Research:
17 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
26 000 Sl icon.png
290 Ge icon.png
Mods new tank filter.png
Filters
Research:
26 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
40 000 Sl icon.png
450 Ge icon.png
Mods new tank transmission.png
Transmission
Research:
25 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
38 000 Sl icon.png
430 Ge icon.png
Mods new tank engine.png
Engine
Research:
25 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
38 000 Sl icon.png
430 Ge icon.png
Mods tank tool kit.png
Improved Parts
Research:
6 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
31 000 Sl icon.png
350 Ge icon.png
Mods extinguisher.png
Improved FPE
Research:
5 100 Rp icon.png
Cost:
26 000 Sl icon.png
290 Ge icon.png
Mods tank reinforcement cn.png
Crew Replenishment
Research:
26 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
40 000 Sl icon.png
450 Ge icon.png
Mods new tank horizontal aiming.png
Horizontal Drive
Research:
20 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
31 000 Sl icon.png
350 Ge icon.png
Mods airstrike.png
Airstrike
Research:
17 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
26 000 Sl icon.png
290 Ge icon.png
Mods night vision device.png
NVD
Research:
26 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
40 000 Sl icon.png
450 Ge icon.png
Mods art support.png
Artillery Support
Research:
25 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
38 000 Sl icon.png
430 Ge icon.png
Mods scouting.png
Improved optics
Research:
25 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
38 000 Sl icon.png
430 Ge icon.png

Armaments

Night vision device
Improves visibility by enhancing natural light or active illumination.

Main armament

9M331 SAM
Ammunition8 rounds
Belt capacity8 rounds
Reloadbasic crew → aces
19.5 → 15.0 s
Fire rate30 shots/min
Fire on the moveup to 5 km/h
Main article: 9M331

The Tor-M1 system has only one type of missile at its disposal - the eight 9M331 missiles inside its 8 VLS cells. Thanks to its sufficient speed and advanced electronics, along with the ability to track-while-scan and track 2 targets at once, the Tor-M1 is extremely efficient at long-range anti-aircraft operations. While it is one of the most advanced systems in the game, do bear in mind radar detection angle in case of high-altitude targets (scanning azimuth can be changed via multifunction menu) and the around 1 km dead-zone of the missiles due to the cold, vertical launch (the missiles are ejected from the launcher with compressed air and ignite mid-air) - attempt to terminate any aircraft as far away as possible.

9M331 missile Turret rotation speed (°/s) Reloading rate (seconds)
Mode Capacity (Belt) Vertical Horizontal Stabilizer Stock Upgraded Full Expert Aced Stock Full Expert Aced
Arcade 8 (8) N/A N/A N/A 70.4 97.5 118.4 130.9 139.3 19.50 17.25 15.90 15.00
Realistic 47.6 56.0 68.0 75.2 80.0

Ammunition

Penetration statistics
Ammunition Type of
warhead
Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
10 m 100 m 500 m 1,000 m 1,500 m 2,000 m
9M331 SAM 60 60 60 60 60 60
Missile details
Ammunition Type of
warhead
Velocity
(m/s)
Range
(m)
Projectile
mass (kg)
Fuse delay
(m)
Fuse sensitivity
(mm)
Arming
distance (m)
Trigger
radius (m)
Explosive mass
(TNT equivalent) (kg)
Ricochet
0% 50% 100%
9M331 SAM 850 12,000 167 1 0.3 300 8 8.16 79° 80° 81°

Ammo racks

Full
ammo
1st
rack empty
Visual
discrepancy
1 (+1) No

Usage in battles

As the long-awaited long-range SPAA for Chinese TT players, Tor-M1 also introduces some unique features from its counterparts in different countries- the most iconic feature is the unique cold-launch VLS cells onboard that ejects the missile vertically, which then turns and ignites its motor from a safe distance. While players can enjoy the aesthetic feature of the Tor-M1, this also means that it has a minimal firing range unlike its counterparts with "direct-fire" SAMs: a 1 km dead zone around the vehicle that can be embarrassing when aircraft show up in the radius at tree-top altitude on very rare occasions. Do remember that Tor is not an SPAAG with guns, so players used to the PGZ04A will need to make extra sure nothing comes too close to handle; teaming up with friendly SPAA armed with cannons or "direct-fire" missiles is also viable for better efficiency. Though the high elevation of the sight can make sure targets that are high overhead (anywhere before 75°) will face a miserable end thanks to the radar system. The other feature of the Tor-M1 is the capability of TWS with up to 2 tracked targets. If there are multiple targets within a 15°x15° scan zone of the radar, locking the other target via the "Select Radar/IRST target to lock on" button after a missile has been launched will cause the missile to become guided by the radar towards the originally locked target, allowing the new target to be engaged simultaneously by manual guidance. Depending on the desired accuracy of acquisition, changing the scanning pattern of the radar may be necessary for targets at different altitudes at the cost of additional scans required to detect higher targets.

The speed of the GM-5955 chassis is very satisfactory for changing positions, while the extreme reverse speed can make sure the Tor-M1 can retreat to safety with ease. However, do remember that it is also a huge vehicle (one of the tallest even with radar mast folded, at 5.1 m), both ground vehicles or aircraft can see such a huge vehicle from a distance; so hide the vehicle at all costs and never move in plain open fields - the speed itself most likely won't save the vehicle, and hits from enemy explosives will very likely overpressure the crew.

Enemies worth noting:

Drones - Due to their relatively small size and being high-flyers, drones could be annoying targets to deal with. While they are fragile once hit, do make sure that every shot counts and beware of any other aircraft - players are likely become distracted by drones and miss other, more dangerous, targets.

Helicopters, especially Ka-series - Although the launch range is up to 12 km and able to deal with 2 targets at once (within the same scan zone), it's better for Tor-M1 to take them out straight from their bases for the least risk. Remember to take them down via the IRST tracker for best efficiency, as it doesn't trigger RWR. They might be aware of continuous lock from radars, but it might not be the case when the battlefield is full of missiles which trigger their MAWS - they will need some time to determine whether it is them or their allies being targeted. If players are not confident with the dead-zone of 1.2 km, work together with gun-equipped SPAA to eliminate close-range blind-spots.

Attackers, especially those with LGBs (ie. Q-5L, MiG-27K, Harrier GR.7) - A very common situation for top-tier air-defense is that, due to the awareness or carefulness for possible SPAAs in operation, most attackers choose to opt for a very high entrance altitude for the best result against the team and often against Tor system itself; in most cases, those who fly straight into the battlefield or are concentrated on ground-attacking will often miss the trail of the 9M331. For aircraft that are flying too high for radar acquisition, it is better to leave them for interceptor aircraft or other SPAAs with "direct-fire" missiles.

Pros and cons

Pros:

  • Excellent mobility for such a huge vehicle with very high reverse speed
  • 8 powerful, long-range SAMs
  • Radar system with up to 30 km detection range
  • Rather high overload for the missile, able to track targets at evading maneuvers
  • Back-up IRST tracking for better concealment against enemy RWR

Cons:

  • Lightly protection rated up to rifle-calibre fire, easily overpressured
  • Huge size with radar raised
  • Only NVD for driver available, no thermal sights
  • The missile system has dead zones within 1 km and >75° due to its unique trajectory

History

The Tor System

The Soviet Army developed a complete and extensive field air defense network to repel possible oncoming air assaults from their enemies, with a great variety of missile systems for short-range defense. Although there are SA-8 Gecko/9K33 Osa systems for the army, the Soviet Armed Force still requested a successor to the 9K33 system with land/sea-based systems for different platforms, tackled by the joint efforts of Antey, Fakel and Altair (now part of the Almaz-Antey). After extensive tests under the restrictions from the armed forces and the use of their latest electronics including PESA radar, the ground-based version Tor (9K330) entered service in March 1986. The -M1 variant (9K331) was a further improvement for the system including the capability of attacking 2 targets simultaneously, revised missiles, new FCS, as well as new electronics for complicated battlefields with electronic interferences. The new system joined the Soviet Army in 1991.

While they were used extensively by the succeeding countries of the Soviet Union and some export customers in various conflicts, the system was also involved in the accidental shoot-down of Ukrainian International Airlines flight 752 (PS/AUI752) in early 2020 over Tehran.

Chinese Purchase

Although the PLAGF had developed some systems of the HQ (HongQi 红旗; Red Banner) family of SAMs including HQ-7 (licensed French Crotale EDIR) and domestic HQ-61 for short-range field air-defense, the load per vehicle and range were deemed insufficient. Shortly after the fall of Soviet Union and the dire need for foreign exchange, Boris Yeltsin took Mainland China as potential buyer of the relics of Soviet Union, thus Russia held an exhibition exclusively for PLA at Beijing Nanyuan Airport (ZBNY, now closed) in April 1993 (thus earning its code, Project 934)[1], the weapons for sales were ranging from tanks (T-80UK) to long range SAMs like S-300; not only the tri-service of PLA imported new weapons such as BM-30, Su-30MKK Flanker-H, gun-launched ATGM and Project 956EM destroyers, among these weapons, one of them stood out and happened to fit the needs for PLAGF's new short-range air-defense system: the latest Tor-M1 which was freshly introduced to Soviet Army in 1991. PLAGF signed the contract with Rosoboronexport for total of 35 systems and were delivered in 1997 and 1998[2]; these systems including the missiles were then reverse-engineered and improved with new domestic electronics around 2005 and later known as the HQ-17 system, distinguished by a shorter, rectangular "solid" PESA search radar and AESA tracking radar, as well as longer range (15 km) than the imported -M1 systems.

Devblog

The "Tor" short-range surface-to-air missile system was put into service with the Soviet Army in 1986. At that time, "Tor" was one of the most advanced air defense missile systems in the world, but almost immediately after commissioning, the Antey Concern initiated an upgrade program. As a result of the modernization, "Tor" received an additional fire control channel, the kill ability of the missile warhead increased, and the algorithms for hitting low-flying targets were improved. The updated system designated Tor-M1 was successfully tested in 1989 and soon after entered service with the Russian army in 1991. At the moment, Tor-M1 is serving in the Russian army, as well as actively exporting.

Media

Skins

See also

Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:

  • reference to the series of the vehicles;
  • links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.

External links

References


China anti-aircraft vehicles
Radar SPAAG  PGZ09
Gun and Missile SPAAG  PGZ04A
Other  ZSD63/PG87 · WZ305
Germany  ␗Sd.Kfz.222
North Vietnam  Phòng không T-34
USA  CCKW 353 (M45) · ␗M42
USSR  Tor-M1