Difference between revisions of "F-86F-40 (China)"

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(Grammar, changed copy+paste description of F-86F-40 JASDF)
(advanced F-86F-40 history, with detailed description of sidewinder air combat.)
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== History ==
 
== History ==
 
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The F-86 is considered one of the best fighter jets of the Korean War. It is the most-produced Western fighter, with almost 10,000 aircraft produced by the US, Australia, Canada (as the re-engined CL-13), Italy, and Japan.
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In the 1950s, after the Korean War was over, the U.S government decided to support more modern military equipment to the Taiwan province of China to counter the increasing threat of the China mainland Army, especially the PLAAF ’s MiG-15 Fagot fighter which was supplied by Soviet Union and saw action during the Korean War.
  
The F-86 was developed by North American Aviation, the creator of the venerable P-51 Mustang. The XP-86 prototype was created to meet the USAF requirement for a high-altitude escort fighter. It was derived from the Navy's FJ-1 Fury, a transitional fighter jet that borrowed the wings, tail surfaces and canopy from the P-51D. The XP-86 was under threat of cancellation because the XP-80 and XP-84 had similar performance characteristics and were farther ahead in development. However, North American designers made a radical change to the design and replaced the straight wing with a swept wing, which was shown by seized German research to greatly reduce drag and increase performance at high speed. The resulting performance boost was so significant that the swept-wing prototype of the XP-86 was supposedly able break the sound barrier in a dive a few days before Chuck Yeager made his official attempt.
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At this time, the straight-wing design version of the F-84 Thunderjet fighters of the ROCAF could no longer effectively counter the MiG-15 fighter with the swept-wing design. As for the solution, the U.S. government had officially decided to supply more than 500 F-86 Saber fighter to Taiwan province in early 1950s (some sources claim that this number is just an estimate, not the actual number of Saber fighter fleet because many of them were delivered in middle the to late 1950s, and some sources also confirm that Taiwan has received 415 F-86F fighters, 18 F-86D interceptors and 7 RF-86F reconnaissance aircraft in total), this Military Assistance Program (MAP) was named 4F343, and started in 1954, about 320 F-86F Saber fighters and 7 RF-86 Saber reconnaissance aircraft were delivered to ROCAF. Apart from that, ROCAF also received about 18 F-86D-36 Saber Dog Interceptor from U.S Air Force in 1960 too.
  
The F-86F is a further development of the F-86E, which introduced a full power-operated control system and the all-flying tail, in which the entire horizontal stabilizer moves to significantly increase the aircraft's manoeuvrability at high speed. The F-86F is fitted with the uprated J47-GE-27 engine. The leading edge slats featured on earlier Sabre models were removed in later production versions of the F-86F in favor of more space for fuel. Some of the earlier F-86F models had the static leading edge slats retrofitted. It also carried over the capability to carry tactical nuclear weapons from the F-86E.
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=== Sabre in ROCAF ===
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The first Saber fighter delivered to the ROCAF was an F-86F-1, series number 51-2893. By June 1956, 171 F-86 fighters had delivered including 38 F-86F-1, 9 F-86F-5, and 23 F-86F-10, and the 26th fighter Squadron from 5th fighter wing was the first combat unit to receive the new Saber fighters at Tao yuan Air Base in late 1954.
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[[File:Twin ROCAF F-86F with AIM-9B underwing.png|thumb|360x360px|Twin F-86F Saber fighters of 5th fighter wing of ROCAF armed with two AIM-9B Sidewinder Air-To-Air missiles underwing.]]
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Apart from that, ROCAF received some F-86F-30 fighters, but it was doubt that if they truly receive the original F-86F-40 fighters, because at that time, the North American Aviation company not only produce the original F-86F-40 version for military sales, but also produce some modification kits for those countries that receive the previous version of F-86F Saber fighters to help them upgrade their Saber fighters to the newest version. Actually, one F-86F-30 Saber fighter captured by the PLAAF in 1950s which is now displayed in the Beijing Aviation Museum was a F-86F-30 with Leading-edge Slats which was re-added in Canadian CL-13 MK6 Saber fighters and American F-86F-40 Saber fighters, that is the most important evidence to confirm that ROCAF had upgrade some F-86F Saber fighters to the newest F-40 version.
  
To cover the shortfall of F-86s for export, production of the F-86 was restarted by North American. The new production block, the F-86F-40-NA, differed from the preceding production block in having a new wing. While Blocks 25 to 35 had been equipped with the slatless 6-3 wing, the Block 40 saw the airframe retain the 6-3 proportioned wing, but with an introduction of the slats in order to improve low-speed handling, and the wingtips extended so the overall span was increased from 37.12 to 39.11 ft. This lowered the stall speed of the F-86F-40-NA from 144 to 124 mph, and decreased the take-off run by 800 ft. Despite these modifications adding 250 lb to the F-86F-40-NA's weight when compared with the earlier F-86F-35-NA, overall performance remained the same.
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In the 1950s, even though the civil war in mainland China had ended, the PLAAF still often sent aircraft to the Taiwan Strait for provocations in order to "liberate" Taiwan. ROCAF showed no fear, except for sending fighters to intercept the invading PLAAF aircraft, they also sent their aircraft to the mainland for reconnaissance missions as payback. At that time, the PLAAF engaged their new MiG-17 and MiG-17F (or its imitation versions, called J-5) fighters against ROCAF ’s F-86F Saber fighter from time to time, but the latter usually saw victory in aerial battles.
  
In 1954, the Republic Of China, led by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-Shek's Kuomintang, started to order F-86 from the US. Next year, RF-86F, reconnaissance versions of the F-86F, were delivered to the Republic Of China's Air Force (ROCAF). During the second Taiwan Strait Crisis in 1958, the F-86 composed the backbone of the ROCAF. Through "Operation Black Magic", ROCAF Sabres were equipped with AIM-9B Sidewinders, which proved effective against the People's Liberation Army Air Force's (PLAAF) MiG-15s and MiG-17s. One was reported to have hit a MiG-17 but failed to detonate, the missile was later brought back to mainland China and later given to the USSR, where it was reverse engineered into the R-3S.
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From a technical point of view, the F-86F Saber fighter’s maximum level flight speed was less than MiG-17 and MiG-17F "Fresco", also the MiG-17F fighter’s maximum climb rate at sea level was slightly higher than F-86F Saber fighter, but the early version of F-86F Saber fighter’s maximum climb rate was almost the same or even higher than MiG-15bis and MiG-17 fighter, while the Saber fighter could out-turn the MiG-15 and MiG-17 fighter in both instantaneous and sustain turn battle. Apart from that, the F-86F saber fighter has A-4 gun/rocket/bomb calculating gunsight which can work with the AN/APG-30 ranging-radar, these equipment were more advance than the PLAAF ’s MiG fighters. (It should note that the J-5 fighter didn’t have the ranging radar mounted on the later version of MiG-17F fighter).  
  
In the 1970, the F-86 was retired from service in the ROCAF and repurposed for training duties, by 1977 all F-86 planes were fully retired. Now a days one can find some ROCAF F-86 in parks throughout the island.
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From a training point of view, the PLAAF ’s pilots usually lack the necessary air combat experience compare to the ROCAF pilots at the same time, especially in the Matsu air battle on July 21, 1956, ROCAF pilots even shot down several PLAAF ’s MiG fighters with clumsy and outperformanced F-84 fighters loaded with HVAR rockets and even with disadvantage in number.
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 +
=== AIM-9B, the "Black Magic" ===
 +
[[File:F-86F with AIM-9B underwing.png|left|thumb|396x396px|The F-86F "357" 52-4673, with AIM-9B underwing.]]
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On August 18th, 1958, under the secret project named Black Magic (Codenamed "明星計劃" in Taiwan, Operation Bright Star), a C-124 transport plane was landing in Taiwan with some American technical officers and the new GAR-8 sidewinder infrared-guided air-to-air missile, which is better known as AIM-9B. To help the ROCAF pilots get started with the new sidewinder missile in air combat, the U.S pilots flew F-100 Super Saber fighter to simulate the MiG fighter equipped by the PLAAF at that time, and ROCAF pilots flew F-86 fighters to conduct simulated attacks on these F-100 Super Saber fighters with their sidewinder missiles, also those technical officers needed to collect the data of the sidewinder missiles used in combat to learn how it could be improved these missiles.
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 +
 On July 29<sup>th</sup>, 1958, the PLAAF ’s MiG-17 fighter had successfully shot down one F-84G Thunderjet fighter of ROCAF and seriously damaged another (the pilot successfully bailed out in Ma gong) at the same time. In the next few weeks, the ROCAF ’s F-86F Saber fighters had successfully shot down four MiG-17 fighters of PLAAF as revenge. At that time, ROCAF had received 40 sidewinder missiles and 40 launchers in total, and on September 10<sup>th</sup>, 1958, two batches of ROCAF pilots returned to their squadron after completing training on the use of the Sidewinder missile.
 +
 
 +
=== Sidewinder over Taiwan Strait, the battle debut ===
 +
On September 24<sup>th</sup> , 1958, ROCAF decided to send nine RF-84F Thunderflash reconnaissance aircraft to the mainland area for a recon mission, and the commander thought it a wonderful chance to test the combat effectiveness of the GAR-8 sidewinder missiles, so the 11<sup>th</sup> Fighter Group was ordered to undertake an escort mission for those RF-84F Thunderflash reconnaissance aircraft. The initial plan was that these F-86F Saber fighters would be divided into four squadrons, the first squadron had four F-86F Saber fighters with GAR-8 sidewinder missiles while the remaining two Saber fighters without GAR-8 sidewinder missiles were ordered to escort those four Sabers fighters if they were in trouble with PLAAF ’s MiG fighters in the close-range battle.
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Apart from that, the fourth squadron was ordered to stay to stay at 45,000 feet to act as a decoy because the condensation trail of the J47 engine at high altitude will attract the attention of the PLAAF ’s MiG fighters, so that the other squadrons could attack those PLAAF ’s MiG fighters that wanted to climb to attack the fourth squadron at high altitude.
 +
 
 +
At 10:30 in the morning, the attack group led by Lieutenant Colonel Li Shuyuan arrived in the sky over Wenzhou. One minute later, a message came from Shimen Battle Control Center said that PLAAF ’s MiG fighters were take off from Luqiao Airport to intercept those ROCAF ’s reconnaissance aircraft. As the original plan expect, the PLAAF ’s MiG fighters paid their attention to those F-86F Saber fighters in high altitude, which gave a wonderful chance for the first Squadron of ROCAF ‘s F-86F Saber fighters to attack them, but unfortunately, the first squadron couldn’t identify the condensation trail was friendly or foe, so Lieutenant Colonel Li Shuyuan called the Saber fighters of fourth squadron to do a turn-maneuver to their right side, therefore they successfully located the PLAAF ’s MiG fighters formation.
 +
[[File:Gun camera of shooting down MiG.png|thumb|352x352px|Gun camera image of shooting down PLAAF MiG. The image shows the tail cloud of the MiG and a flying AIM-9B missile.]]
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At the beginning of the battle, Li Shuyuan and Qian Yiqiang each fired one GAR-8 sidewinder missile and shot down one PLAAF ’s MiG-17 fighter. One of MiG-17 fighter successfully evaded a Sidewinder missile fired by Qian Yiqiang ’s F-86F Saber fighter, but it was shot down by another Sidewinder missile fired by another ROCAF ’s F-86F Saber fighter, the last MiG-17 was shot down by one of the Sidewinder missile fired by the fourth F-86F Saber fighter of first squadron too, after suffering such severe losses, the remaining MiG-17 fighters of the PLAAF decided to withdraw from the battle.
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Later, four Saber fighters from the commander squadron ambushed a PLAAF ’s MiG-17 fighters formation which was just took off from the airfield and successfully shot down one of MiG-17 fighter. After that, the fourth squadron score two kills and another squadron led by Ma Dapeng successfully shot down two PLAAF ’s MiG-17 fighters.
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In the end, the ROCAF ’s F-86F saber fighters had successfully shot down nine MiG-17 fighters of PLAAF, including four kills by GAR-8 missiles and five kills by AN/M3 12.7 mm machine-gun.
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[[File:Sabre ace pilot Lee.jpg|left|thumb|247x247px|Lieutenant Colonel Li Shuyuan, the first man in history to shoot down aircraft with homing missiles in air combat.]]
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As for the point of view of PLAAF, at 8:47 in the morning, twelve J-5 or MiG-17 fighters from the 46th Regiment of the 16th Division took off to intercept eight F-86F Saber fighters, and the 12<sup>th</sup> plane damaged one Saber fighter. At 9: 06 in the morning, eight MiG-15bis fighters from the 5<sup>th</sup> Regiment and eight MiG-17F fighters from the 6<sup>th</sup> Regiment of the 2<sup>nd</sup> Division of the PLAN took off to intercept the reconnaissance aircraft of ROCAF, and they spotted four Saber fighters fly at the altitude of 13000 m at 9:30, then the enemy tried to turn back to avoid the engagement (which was the same as the description of ROCAF ’s combat report, but one hour earlier). The commander of the 2<sup>nd</sup> division ordered the formation of 5<sup>th</sup> Regiment to retract in order to attract the enemy aircraft to the mainland, but when they tried to turn the right side at Wenzhou Bay, the fourth plane suddenly lost control and began to go down rapidly, others saw this situation and asked the pilot to bail out, but no response was received. In general, PLAAF claimed that they only loss one fighter due to the sidewinder missile.
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The F-86F Saber fighters remained in ROCAF service until 1977, but for the fact that its flight performance and endurance is outdated and unsuitable for active service, the air-defense mission was taken over by the advanced F-100A Super Sabre and F-5A Freedom fighters.
  
 
== Media ==
 
== Media ==

Revision as of 08:38, 23 June 2021

Rank VI USA | Premium | Golden Eagles
A-10A Thunderbolt (Early)
This page is about the Chinese jet fighter F-86F-40 (China). For other variants, see F-86 (Family).
␗F-86F-40
f-86f-40_china.png
GarageImage F-86F-40 (China).jpg
␗F-86F-40
AB RB SB
8.3 9.0 9.3
Research:61 000 Specs-Card-Exp.png
Purchase:340 000 Specs-Card-Lion.png
Show in game

Description

The ␗F-86F-40 Sabre is a rank V Chinese jet fighter with a battle rating of 8.3 (AB), 9.0 (RB), and 9.3 (SB). It was introduced in Update "Starfighters".

General info

Flight performance

Air brakes
Allows you to dramatically reduce the flight speed by releasing special flaps
Max speed
at 0 m1 106 km/h
Turn time23 s
Max altitude14 700 m
EngineGeneral Electric J47-GE-27
TypeJet
Cooling systemAir
Take-off weight10 t

While the F-86F-40's acceleration and top speed are lacking compared to its contemporaries, the F-86F-40's slats allow the plane to have an outstanding manoeuvrability. That said, one must be aware of their speed as pulling high manoeuvres at high and max speed can put the plane under great stress which leads to the wings falling apart. The outstanding manoeuvrability comes at the cost of speed. Pulling hard turns will bleed your air speed.

Characteristics Max Speed
(km/h at 0 m - sea level)
Max altitude
(metres)
Turn time
(seconds)
Rate of climb
(metres/second)
Take-off run
(metres)
AB RB AB RB AB RB
Stock 1,095 1,088 14700 24.4 24.9 38.8 36.3 750
Upgraded 1,115 1,106 22.1 23.0 55.8 46.5

Details

Features
Combat flaps Take-off flaps Landing flaps Air brakes Arrestor gear Drogue chute
X X
Limits
Wings (km/h) Gear (km/h) Flaps (km/h) Max Static G
Combat Take-off Landing + -
0 350 590 550 350 ~11 ~6
Optimal velocities (km/h)
Ailerons Rudder Elevators Radiator
< 850 < 600 < 650 N/A

Engine performance

Engine Aircraft mass
Engine name Number Empty mass Wing loading (full fuel)
General Electric J47-GE-27 1 5,490 kg 232 kg/m2
Engine characteristics Mass with fuel (no weapons load) Max Takeoff
Weight
Weight (each) Type 7m fuel 20m fuel 26m fuel
1,150 kg Axial-flow turbojet 5,848 kg 6,490 kg 6,786 kg 9,530 kg
Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB) Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
Condition 100% WEP 7m fuel 20m fuel 26m fuel MTOW
Stationary 2,626 kgf N/A 0.45 0.41 0.39 0.28
Optimal 2,626 kgf
(0 km/h)
N/A 0.45 0.41 0.39 0.28

Survivability and armour

Crew1 person
Speed of destruction
Structural0 km/h
Gear350 km/h
  • 6.35 mm - Fore-cockpit steel plates
  • 38 mm - Bulletproof windscreen
  • 12.7 mm - Steel plate behind pilot's seat
  • 20 mm - Steel plate in pilot's headrest

The plane is equipped at the front with 2 steel plates, each 6.35mm thick. The cockpit has a 38mm bullet proof glass that protects the pilot's torso and head. The backseat is made of 12.7mm of steel which protects the pilot's back while his head is further protected by another 20mm steel plate. This protection will help against smaller calibre rounds, however, cannot sustain many direct hits with 20 mm rounds or higher.

Modifications and economy

Repair costBasic → Reference
AB3 422 → 4 588 Sl icon.png
RB9 012 → 12 085 Sl icon.png
SB9 520 → 12 766 Sl icon.png
Total cost of modifications101 800 Rp icon.png
162 800 Sl icon.png
Talisman cost2 200 Ge icon.png
Crew training98 000 Sl icon.png
Experts340 000 Sl icon.png
Aces1 800 Ge icon.png
Research Aces780 000 Rp icon.png
Reward for battleAB / RB / SB
120 / 380 / 600 % Sl icon.png
202 / 202 / 202 % Rp icon.png
Modifications
Flight performance Survivability Weaponry
Mods aerodinamic fuse.png
Fuselage repair
Research:
5 100 Rp icon.png
Cost:
8 200 Sl icon.png
240 Ge icon.png
Mods jet compressor.png
Compressor
Research:
5 100 Rp icon.png
Cost:
8 200 Sl icon.png
240 Ge icon.png
Mods booster.png
New boosters
Research:
7 600 Rp icon.png
Cost:
12 000 Sl icon.png
360 Ge icon.png
Mods aerodinamic wing.png
Wings repair
Research:
6 400 Rp icon.png
Cost:
10 000 Sl icon.png
310 Ge icon.png
Mods jet engine.png
Engine
Research:
6 400 Rp icon.png
Cost:
10 000 Sl icon.png
310 Ge icon.png
Mods g suit.png
G-suit
Research:
11 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
18 000 Sl icon.png
520 Ge icon.png
Mods armor frame.png
Airframe
Research:
7 600 Rp icon.png
Cost:
12 000 Sl icon.png
360 Ge icon.png
Mods armor cover.png
Cover
Research:
11 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
18 000 Sl icon.png
520 Ge icon.png
Mods ammo.png
bmg50_belt_pack
Research:
5 100 Rp icon.png
Cost:
8 200 Sl icon.png
240 Ge icon.png
Mod arrow 1.png
Mods pilon rocket.png
FRC mk.2
Research:
5 100 Rp icon.png
Cost:
8 200 Sl icon.png
240 Ge icon.png
Mods pilon bomb.png
M117
Research:
7 600 Rp icon.png
Cost:
12 000 Sl icon.png
360 Ge icon.png
Mod arrow 0.png
Mods weapon.png
bmg50_new_gun
Research:
6 400 Rp icon.png
Cost:
10 000 Sl icon.png
310 Ge icon.png
Mods pilon bomb.png
FLBC mk.1
Research:
6 400 Rp icon.png
Cost:
10 000 Sl icon.png
310 Ge icon.png
Mod arrow 0.png
Mods air to air missile.png
AIM-9B
Research:
11 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
18 000 Sl icon.png
520 Ge icon.png

Armaments

Offensive armament

Ammunition1 800 rounds
Fire rate1 200 shots/min
Main article: M3 Browning (12.7 mm)

The F-86F-40 (China) is armed with:

  • 6 x 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns, nose-mounted (300 rpg = 1,800 total)

The F-86F-40 (China) offered the same offensive armament of many of its Sabre brethren, namely the 6 x M3 Browning 12.7 mm/.50 calibre machine guns. These machine guns are similar in performance to their predecessor, the M2 Browning; however, they excelled with a significantly higher rate of fire. The total ammunition count for this aircraft is 1,800 rounds, divided up with 300 rounds per gun. Ammunition belts for this aircraft are conventional 12.7 mm belts found on U.S. aircraft, and typically the tracer belts permit for the quickest correction of aim. Other belts may be utilised as necessary and depending on play-style such as the Stealth belts; however, these should be used by skilled pilots who already understand the firing aspects of the M3 Brownings and bullet performance. One challenge with the Stealth belts is the lack of tracers, making it much harder to correct aim when solely relying on visual clues.

Suspended armament

List of setups (4)
Setup 18 x HVAR rockets
8 x HVAR rockets
Setup 22 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bomb
Setup 32 x 1000 lb AN-M65A1 Fin M129 bomb
Setup 42 x AIM-9B Sidewinder air-to-air missiles

The F-86F-40 (China) can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

  • Without load
  • 16 x HVAR rockets
  • 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 Fin M129 bombs (2,000 lb total)
  • 2 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles

The unguided rockets out-fitted on this aircraft are the familiar American HVARs, which can be used against slow-moving bombers or ground target vehicles and anti-aircraft guns. Since the HVARs are a fire-and-forget rocket, they work best against either stationary targets or against slow-moving targets which may not be able to avoid inbound rockets. Another option for suspended ordnances includes bombs, namely the 1,000 lbs AN-M65A1 bombs. Two of these bombs is all that this aircraft can safely carry, but these bombs will do considerable damage against ground units, ships and bases. While performing bombing runs, always be on the lookout for enemy fighters attempting to swoop in and eliminate the F-86F-40 which may be flying slower and lower than typical. For air-to-air combat, using the Aim-9B missiles to complement the M3 Browning machine guns makes for a deadly combination. These missiles are best used in close quarters, anywhere from 600 - 800 m which minimizes the opportunity for the enemy pilot to evade or out-fly the missiles. It is quite possible for the enemy to avoid the in-bound missile; however, this provides the attacking aircraft with the opportunity to manoeuvre in and take out the fighter with its machine guns. Hopefully, the enemy fighter has bled any energy advantage it may have had presenting itself as an ideal target for the machine guns.

Usage in battles

Try to climb up before engaging the enemy to ensure you have enough energy to get out of a sticky situation. Hopefully, there will be a jets fighting underneath you where you would be able to pounce on low-energy fighters with your guns or the AIM-9B. One advantage the F-86 has over the jets of other nations is the large ammo count of its 6 x .50 cals (1,800) although it would be wise to hit most of your shoots. Try staying above 500 km/h as any slower and you would lose a significant amount of energy in a prolonged turn.

Air Realistic Battles

In air realistic battles, the F-86F-40 (China) is not the fastest jet at its BR when it comes to top speed. The thrust output is below average and without an afterburner, and the jet does not accelerate fast either. It is best to take off and do a slight side climb while paying attention to aircraft like Harriers that could try to fly over the team. It is important to maintain at least 600 km/h IAS because any slower the Sabre will struggle to dodge enemy missiles. Once a furball is started, proceed into it and pick targets that are low on energy. The F-86F-40 should take advantage of its wings and good energy retention. Combined with a good roll rate, no enemy should be able to shake you once you are on their tail. Watch for attempts by enemies to force you to overshoot. In late game air realistic battles, there will be more freedom to how slow a fight can get. If you know where the enemy is, you can afford to stall climb and get a missile off to a climbing enemy F-104A.

Ground Realistic Battles - CAS

In mixed ground battles, the F-86F-40 (China) is a good all-round aircraft. In ground attack, the HVAR rockets are a good option against lightly armoured SPAAGs or light tanks. The 1,000 lb bombs are good but both drop at the same time only giving chance for one attack round per landing. In an air superiority role, the Sabre is a good helicopter hunter with 1,800 rounds of .50 cal, which is enough to take care of any amount of enemy UHT or Apache helicopters. Enemy fighters should be engaged with care: keep away from the battlefield before climbing to avoid enemy SAMs. It is however the better air-to-air fighter compared to other options for China at this BR, as the Q-5 early has better climb and top speed but no missiles.

Air Simulator Battles

In air simulator battles, the F-86F-40 (China) is an excellent turn fighter. While the wings with slats do give a lot of angle of attack before stalling, they're also great for turn fights. This Sabre will be able to outturn most jets it can face, at anywhere between 400 and 800 km/h IAS. It is recommended to stay above 600 km/h IAS because any slower the Sabre will struggle to dodge enemy missiles. The AIM-9B should be able to deal with any running/climbing enemy. However, enemies with RWR will get notified if the rangefinding radar is turned on and may drop flares. It is best to keep the radar off when launching a missile attack against aircraft like the German Starfighter or the Mirage III. In battle, stay low and fast and by the time you are up close to your enemy they would not be able to outrun the missiles or outturn the Sabre.

Ground Simulator Battles CAS

In ground simulator battles, F-86F-40 can be a multirole fighter depending on the task to complete. In ground attack, the HVAR rockets will struggle with most targets at the top simulator bracket, but do offer better accuracy per 100 m when compared to the Bombs. The 1,000 lb bombs are very reliable against all levels of protection but take a higher approach for a accurate drop (lack of bomb sight). In an air superiority role, the Sabre will preform even better than it did in air simulator battles. The 6 x .50 cal MGs will make quick work of any enemy helicopter, even if they try to manoeuvre, the Sabre's roll rate should allow for last second adjustments. Turnfighting enemy fighter also got easier as the chances of them carrying bombs/rockets are up, thus limiting their performance. Tree-top level flying should be practiced to avoid SAMs. -->

Radars

The F-86F-40 is equipped with an AN/APG-30 rangefinding radar, located in the nose of the aircraft. It will automatically detect other planes within the scanning area and display the range to the closest target. It is linked with a gyro gunsight and can help with aiming at close range. Note that this Radar will trigger RWR of enemy helicopters and jets and may lead to them using flares which will defeat the AIM-9B.

AN/APG-30 - Rangefinding radar
Maximum
Tracking
Range
Minimum
Tracking
Range
Azimuth Tracking
Angle
Elevation Tracking
Angle
2,750 m 300 m ±9° ±9°

Pros and cons

Pros:

  • Outstanding manoeuvrability
  • Can wield air-to-air missiles
  • Good guns: the 12.7 mm MGs have lots of ammo, straight bullet trajectory, and adequate velocity
  • Air-to-ground armament, such as bombs and missiles
  • Excellent roll rate
  • Great dive acceleration makes it a nice diver
  • Good energy retention in a climb
  • Stable shooting platform during high speeds
  • Air brakes and flaps allow for tight manoeuvres and enemy overshoots at the cost of reduced speed

Cons:

  • Mediocre acceleration
  • Mediocre top speed
  • Weak one-second burst mass of the armament
  • High speed manoeuvres can lead to wings breaking apart
  • Slower turn rate than many contemporaries

History

In the 1950s, after the Korean War was over, the U.S government decided to support more modern military equipment to the Taiwan province of China to counter the increasing threat of the China mainland Army, especially the PLAAF ’s MiG-15 Fagot fighter which was supplied by Soviet Union and saw action during the Korean War.

At this time, the straight-wing design version of the F-84 Thunderjet fighters of the ROCAF could no longer effectively counter the MiG-15 fighter with the swept-wing design. As for the solution, the U.S. government had officially decided to supply more than 500 F-86 Saber fighter to Taiwan province in early 1950s (some sources claim that this number is just an estimate, not the actual number of Saber fighter fleet because many of them were delivered in middle the to late 1950s, and some sources also confirm that Taiwan has received 415 F-86F fighters, 18 F-86D interceptors and 7 RF-86F reconnaissance aircraft in total), this Military Assistance Program (MAP) was named 4F343, and started in 1954, about 320 F-86F Saber fighters and 7 RF-86 Saber reconnaissance aircraft were delivered to ROCAF. Apart from that, ROCAF also received about 18 F-86D-36 Saber Dog Interceptor from U.S Air Force in 1960 too.

Sabre in ROCAF

The first Saber fighter delivered to the ROCAF was an F-86F-1, series number 51-2893. By June 1956, 171 F-86 fighters had delivered including 38 F-86F-1, 9 F-86F-5, and 23 F-86F-10, and the 26th fighter Squadron from 5th fighter wing was the first combat unit to receive the new Saber fighters at Tao yuan Air Base in late 1954.

Twin F-86F Saber fighters of 5th fighter wing of ROCAF armed with two AIM-9B Sidewinder Air-To-Air missiles underwing.

Apart from that, ROCAF received some F-86F-30 fighters, but it was doubt that if they truly receive the original F-86F-40 fighters, because at that time, the North American Aviation company not only produce the original F-86F-40 version for military sales, but also produce some modification kits for those countries that receive the previous version of F-86F Saber fighters to help them upgrade their Saber fighters to the newest version. Actually, one F-86F-30 Saber fighter captured by the PLAAF in 1950s which is now displayed in the Beijing Aviation Museum was a F-86F-30 with Leading-edge Slats which was re-added in Canadian CL-13 MK6 Saber fighters and American F-86F-40 Saber fighters, that is the most important evidence to confirm that ROCAF had upgrade some F-86F Saber fighters to the newest F-40 version.

In the 1950s, even though the civil war in mainland China had ended, the PLAAF still often sent aircraft to the Taiwan Strait for provocations in order to "liberate" Taiwan. ROCAF showed no fear, except for sending fighters to intercept the invading PLAAF aircraft, they also sent their aircraft to the mainland for reconnaissance missions as payback. At that time, the PLAAF engaged their new MiG-17 and MiG-17F (or its imitation versions, called J-5) fighters against ROCAF ’s F-86F Saber fighter from time to time, but the latter usually saw victory in aerial battles.

From a technical point of view, the F-86F Saber fighter’s maximum level flight speed was less than MiG-17 and MiG-17F "Fresco", also the MiG-17F fighter’s maximum climb rate at sea level was slightly higher than F-86F Saber fighter, but the early version of F-86F Saber fighter’s maximum climb rate was almost the same or even higher than MiG-15bis and MiG-17 fighter, while the Saber fighter could out-turn the MiG-15 and MiG-17 fighter in both instantaneous and sustain turn battle. Apart from that, the F-86F saber fighter has A-4 gun/rocket/bomb calculating gunsight which can work with the AN/APG-30 ranging-radar, these equipment were more advance than the PLAAF ’s MiG fighters. (It should note that the J-5 fighter didn’t have the ranging radar mounted on the later version of MiG-17F fighter).

From a training point of view, the PLAAF ’s pilots usually lack the necessary air combat experience compare to the ROCAF pilots at the same time, especially in the Matsu air battle on July 21, 1956, ROCAF pilots even shot down several PLAAF ’s MiG fighters with clumsy and outperformanced F-84 fighters loaded with HVAR rockets and even with disadvantage in number.

AIM-9B, the "Black Magic"

The F-86F "357" 52-4673, with AIM-9B underwing.

On August 18th, 1958, under the secret project named Black Magic (Codenamed "明星計劃" in Taiwan, Operation Bright Star), a C-124 transport plane was landing in Taiwan with some American technical officers and the new GAR-8 sidewinder infrared-guided air-to-air missile, which is better known as AIM-9B. To help the ROCAF pilots get started with the new sidewinder missile in air combat, the U.S pilots flew F-100 Super Saber fighter to simulate the MiG fighter equipped by the PLAAF at that time, and ROCAF pilots flew F-86 fighters to conduct simulated attacks on these F-100 Super Saber fighters with their sidewinder missiles, also those technical officers needed to collect the data of the sidewinder missiles used in combat to learn how it could be improved these missiles.

 On July 29th, 1958, the PLAAF ’s MiG-17 fighter had successfully shot down one F-84G Thunderjet fighter of ROCAF and seriously damaged another (the pilot successfully bailed out in Ma gong) at the same time. In the next few weeks, the ROCAF ’s F-86F Saber fighters had successfully shot down four MiG-17 fighters of PLAAF as revenge. At that time, ROCAF had received 40 sidewinder missiles and 40 launchers in total, and on September 10th, 1958, two batches of ROCAF pilots returned to their squadron after completing training on the use of the Sidewinder missile.

Sidewinder over Taiwan Strait, the battle debut

On September 24th , 1958, ROCAF decided to send nine RF-84F Thunderflash reconnaissance aircraft to the mainland area for a recon mission, and the commander thought it a wonderful chance to test the combat effectiveness of the GAR-8 sidewinder missiles, so the 11th Fighter Group was ordered to undertake an escort mission for those RF-84F Thunderflash reconnaissance aircraft. The initial plan was that these F-86F Saber fighters would be divided into four squadrons, the first squadron had four F-86F Saber fighters with GAR-8 sidewinder missiles while the remaining two Saber fighters without GAR-8 sidewinder missiles were ordered to escort those four Sabers fighters if they were in trouble with PLAAF ’s MiG fighters in the close-range battle.

Apart from that, the fourth squadron was ordered to stay to stay at 45,000 feet to act as a decoy because the condensation trail of the J47 engine at high altitude will attract the attention of the PLAAF ’s MiG fighters, so that the other squadrons could attack those PLAAF ’s MiG fighters that wanted to climb to attack the fourth squadron at high altitude.

At 10:30 in the morning, the attack group led by Lieutenant Colonel Li Shuyuan arrived in the sky over Wenzhou. One minute later, a message came from Shimen Battle Control Center said that PLAAF ’s MiG fighters were take off from Luqiao Airport to intercept those ROCAF ’s reconnaissance aircraft. As the original plan expect, the PLAAF ’s MiG fighters paid their attention to those F-86F Saber fighters in high altitude, which gave a wonderful chance for the first Squadron of ROCAF ‘s F-86F Saber fighters to attack them, but unfortunately, the first squadron couldn’t identify the condensation trail was friendly or foe, so Lieutenant Colonel Li Shuyuan called the Saber fighters of fourth squadron to do a turn-maneuver to their right side, therefore they successfully located the PLAAF ’s MiG fighters formation.

Gun camera image of shooting down PLAAF MiG. The image shows the tail cloud of the MiG and a flying AIM-9B missile.

At the beginning of the battle, Li Shuyuan and Qian Yiqiang each fired one GAR-8 sidewinder missile and shot down one PLAAF ’s MiG-17 fighter. One of MiG-17 fighter successfully evaded a Sidewinder missile fired by Qian Yiqiang ’s F-86F Saber fighter, but it was shot down by another Sidewinder missile fired by another ROCAF ’s F-86F Saber fighter, the last MiG-17 was shot down by one of the Sidewinder missile fired by the fourth F-86F Saber fighter of first squadron too, after suffering such severe losses, the remaining MiG-17 fighters of the PLAAF decided to withdraw from the battle.

Later, four Saber fighters from the commander squadron ambushed a PLAAF ’s MiG-17 fighters formation which was just took off from the airfield and successfully shot down one of MiG-17 fighter. After that, the fourth squadron score two kills and another squadron led by Ma Dapeng successfully shot down two PLAAF ’s MiG-17 fighters.

In the end, the ROCAF ’s F-86F saber fighters had successfully shot down nine MiG-17 fighters of PLAAF, including four kills by GAR-8 missiles and five kills by AN/M3 12.7 mm machine-gun.

Lieutenant Colonel Li Shuyuan, the first man in history to shoot down aircraft with homing missiles in air combat.

As for the point of view of PLAAF, at 8:47 in the morning, twelve J-5 or MiG-17 fighters from the 46th Regiment of the 16th Division took off to intercept eight F-86F Saber fighters, and the 12th plane damaged one Saber fighter. At 9: 06 in the morning, eight MiG-15bis fighters from the 5th Regiment and eight MiG-17F fighters from the 6th Regiment of the 2nd Division of the PLAN took off to intercept the reconnaissance aircraft of ROCAF, and they spotted four Saber fighters fly at the altitude of 13000 m at 9:30, then the enemy tried to turn back to avoid the engagement (which was the same as the description of ROCAF ’s combat report, but one hour earlier). The commander of the 2nd division ordered the formation of 5th Regiment to retract in order to attract the enemy aircraft to the mainland, but when they tried to turn the right side at Wenzhou Bay, the fourth plane suddenly lost control and began to go down rapidly, others saw this situation and asked the pilot to bail out, but no response was received. In general, PLAAF claimed that they only loss one fighter due to the sidewinder missile.

The F-86F Saber fighters remained in ROCAF service until 1977, but for the fact that its flight performance and endurance is outdated and unsuitable for active service, the air-defense mission was taken over by the advanced F-100A Super Sabre and F-5A Freedom fighters.

Media

Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.

See also

Related development
  • Canadair Sabre (those Sabres manufactured with the designator "CL")
  • North American F-86D Sabre
  • North American F-100 Super Sabre
  • North American FJ-4 Fury
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

External links


North American Aviation
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Captured  ▅P-51C-11-NT
  Canadair Limited license-built the F-86 as the CL-13 for use in Canada and export to Europe.
  Fiat license-built the F-86K for the Italian Air Force though another 120 NAA built F-86Ks were also sold to the Italians.
See Also  Mitsubishi Heavy Industries · Canadair Limited · Fiat Aviation

China jet aircraft
Fighters  J-2 · J-4 · Shenyang F-5 · J-6A · J-7II · J-7D · J-7E · J-8B · J-8F · J-11
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Soviet  ␗MiG-9 · ␗MiG-9 (l)