Difference between revisions of "Breda Model 31 (13.2 mm)"

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[[File:Breda Mod.31.png|x280px|thumb|right|The Breda Model 31 inside of the M14/41 (47/40) machine gunner area]]
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== Description ==
 
== Description ==
 
<!-- ''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.'' -->
 
<!-- ''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.'' -->
 
[[File:Breda Model 31.jpg|thumb|Breda Model 31 on a vessel]]
 
[[File:Breda Model 31.jpg|thumb|Breda Model 31 on a vessel]]
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{{Break}}
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The '''13.2 mm Breda Model 31''' is a heavy machine gun, used by the Italian Army in the Second World War. It was used by the Regia Marina (Navy), Regio Esercito (Army) and Regi Sommergibili (submarines).
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The 13.2 mm Breda Model 31 is a heavy machine gun, used by the Italian Army in the Second World War. It was used by the Regia Marina (Navy), Regio Esercito (Army) and Regi Sommergibili (submarines).
 
  
 
=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===
 
=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===
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;Naval vessels
 
;Naval vessels
  
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* {{Specs-Link|it_mas_stefano_turr}}
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* {{Specs-Link|it_destroyer_dardo}}
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* {{Specs-Link|it_destroyer_leone_class}}
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* {{Specs-Link|it_destroyer_navigatori_class_verazzano}}
 
* {{Specs-Link|it_cruiser_bartolomeocolleoni_1940}}
 
* {{Specs-Link|it_cruiser_bartolomeocolleoni_1940}}
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* {{Specs-Link|it_destroyer_dardo}}
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* {{Specs-Link|it_cruiser_bolzano}}
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* {{Specs-Link|it_mas_stefano_turr}}
 
 
* {{Specs-Link|it_cruiser_trento}}
 
* {{Specs-Link|it_cruiser_trento}}
 
* {{Specs-Link|it_cruiser_zara_class}}
 
* {{Specs-Link|it_cruiser_zara_class}}
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* {{Specs-Link|it_cruiser_zara_class_pola}}
  
 
== General info ==
 
== General info ==
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''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''
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<!-- ''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.'' -->
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As a heavy machine gun, the Breda Model 31 is capable of dealing with lightly armoured targets and torpedo boats. The presence of incendiary components in the {{Specs-Link|it_m14_41_47_40}}'s belt also makes it quite effective against aircraft.
  
 
=== Available ammunition ===
 
=== Available ammunition ===
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''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''
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<!-- ''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).'' -->
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* '''Default ({{Specs-Link|it_m14_41_47_40}}):''' {{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
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* '''Universal (Naval vessels):''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|T|Tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
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! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics
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|-
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! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
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! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
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|-
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! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
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|-
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| Default || 28 || 25 || 16 || 10 || 6 || 3
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|-
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| Universal || 27 || 27 || 23 || 19 || 16 || 14
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|-
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|}
  
 
=== Comparison with analogues ===
 
=== Comparison with analogues ===
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''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''
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<!-- ''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.'' -->
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For the [[M14/41 (47/40)]] the ammo count is very low in comparison with other nations' counterparts, like American M4s' [[M2HB (12.7 mm)]] heavy machine gun. Compared with the Japanese [[Type 93 (13.2 mm)]] heavy machine gun, the Italian one has poor ammo belts choice, with only one option for every vehicle.
  
 
== Usage in battles ==
 
== Usage in battles ==
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''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''
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<!-- ''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.'' -->
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In battle the Breda Model 31 has to be used only against light armoured vehicles, trucks, open top vehicles or motor torpedo boats, since at best it can provide 24/27 mm of penetration. It also needs to be fired carefully to save ammo in the [[M14/41 (47/40)]].
  
 
=== Pros and cons ===
 
=== Pros and cons ===
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''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''
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<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.'' -->
  
 
'''Pros:'''
 
'''Pros:'''
−
*
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 +
* Respectable penetration ability, allowing for effective engagement of moderately armoured targets.
  
 
'''Cons:'''
 
'''Cons:'''
−
*
+
 
 +
* Limited ammunition capacity on [[M14/41 (47/40)]], requiring careful ammo management and potential reloads during prolonged engagements.
 +
* The absence of alternative ammo belts limits tactical flexibility and adaptability in different scenarios.
  
 
== History ==
 
== History ==
 
<!-- ''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.'' -->
 
<!-- ''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.'' -->
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The Breda Model 31 is a copy of the French one made by Hotchkiss, since Breda bought their license to fabricate it in 1929; it entered the production line two years later, in 1931. It was later replaced by the M20/65 Model 35.
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During the rebuilding of the ''Regia Marina'', the Italian's anti-air machine gun armament for the ships was the French 13.2 mm Hotchkiss machine gun.<ref name="FriedmanBreda_PG585">Friedman 2013, 585</ref> However, a domestic firearms production was desired and so a request was sent by the Italian Navy in 1929 to replace the Hotchkiss with an Italian production model. Breda responded with a license acquired in 1929, with a license-production model beginning production in 1931 as the '''Model 1931''' (Italian full name: ''Mitragliatrice Antiaerea "Breda" calibro 13.2mm Tipo R. Marina'').<ref name="Popenker_ModernFirearms">Popenker n.d.</ref> However, a shift in naval priorities caused a lack of interest in the 13.2 mm Breda Model 1931, with the Italians opting for armaments chambered in 8 mm or 20 mm, though the Model 1931 still saw use in anti-aircraft mounts in both naval and land applications.
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 +
The ''Regia Marina'' used the Model 1931 in single or dual mounts of various configurations. On merchant ships or auxiliary cruisers, there was a "lightweight" single, free-swinging mount or a "heavyweight" twin, hand-worked mount for the Model 1931. On submarines, a twin, disappearing, free-swinging mount was available.<ref name="CampBell">Campbell 1985, 347</ref><ref name="NavWeaps_Mod1931">DiGiulian 2021</ref>
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The Breda Model 31 saw use on land as vehicle mounts, replacing twin-machine gun mountings on vehicles such as the [[L3/33 CC|L3 tankette]],<ref name="Popenker_ModernFirearms" /> the [[M14/41 (47/40)|M14/41]] and [[M15/42]] medium tank, or being the primary armament of command tanks.<ref name="Osprey_ItalianMed">Cappellano and Battistelli 2012, 35 & 46</ref>
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Improving the armament caliber, Breda would produce the [[20_mm/65_Breda_(20_mm)|20 mm/65 Breda Model 1935]] that was derived from the Model 1931 design.<ref name="FriedmanBreda_PG585" /><ref name="NavWeaps_Mod1935">DiGiulian 2016</ref>
  
 
== Media ==
 
== Media ==
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''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''
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<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' -->
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 +
;Images
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<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
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File:Breda Mod. 31 Barrel.png|<small>The Breda Model 31 barrel outside of the M14/41 (47/40)</small>
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</gallery>
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
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''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
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<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
 
* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
 
* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
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* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''
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* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.'' -->
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 +
* [[Model 1929 Hotchkiss (13.2 mm)]] Original French version
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* [[Hotchkiss (13.2 mm)]] German captured version
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* [[Type 93 (13.2 mm)]] Japanese version built under licence
 +
* [[Hotchkiss Mle 1930 (13.2 mm)]] Naval quad mount in ground use
  
 
== External links ==
 
== External links ==
−
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
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<!--''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
 
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
 
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
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* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
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* ''other literature.''-->
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* ''other literature.''
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===References===
 +
 
 +
;Citations:
 +
<references />
 +
 
 +
;Bibliography:
 +
 
 +
* Campbell, John. 1985. ''Naval Weapons of World War Two''. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press.
 +
* Cappellano, Filippo and Pier Paolo Battistelli. 2012. ''Italian Medium Tanks 1939-45''. Great Britain: Osprey Publishing.
 +
* DiGiulian, Tony. 2016. "20 mm/65 Models 1935, 1939 and 1940 (Breda)." NavWeaps. Last modified October 30, 2016. [http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNIT_20mm-65.php Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20220310180431/http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNIT_20mm-65.php Archive])
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* DiGiulian, Tony. 2021. "13.2 mm/75.7 (0.52") AA MG Model 1931." NavWeaps. Last modified May 18, 2021. [http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNIT_132-757_m1931.php Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20220310165002/http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNIT_132-757_m1931.php Archive])
 +
* Friedman, Norman. 2013. ''Naval Anti-Aircraft Guns & Gunnery''. Great Britain: Seaforth Publishing.
 +
* Popenker, Maxim. n.d. "Breda Modelo 1931 M1931 heavy machine gun (Italy)." Modern Firearms. Accessed March 10, 2022. [https://modernfirearms.net/en/machineguns/italy-machineguns/breda-m1931-2/ Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20220310164518/https://modernfirearms.net/en/machineguns/italy-machineguns/breda-m1931-2/ Archive])
  
 
{{Tank machine guns}}
 
{{Tank machine guns}}

Latest revision as of 08:28, 15 March 2024

The Breda Model 31 inside of the M14/41 (47/40) machine gunner area

Description

Breda Model 31 on a vessel

The 13.2 mm Breda Model 31 is a heavy machine gun, used by the Italian Army in the Second World War. It was used by the Regia Marina (Navy), Regio Esercito (Army) and Regi Sommergibili (submarines).

Vehicles equipped with this weapon

Ground vehicles
Naval vessels

General info

As a heavy machine gun, the Breda Model 31 is capable of dealing with lightly armoured targets and torpedo boats. The presence of incendiary components in the M14/41 (47/40)'s belt also makes it quite effective against aircraft.

Available ammunition

  • Default (M14/41 (47/40)): AP · AP-T
  • Universal (Naval vessels): AP-T · AP · T · AP
Penetration statistics
Belt Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
10 m 100 m 500 m 1,000 m 1,500 m 2,000 m
Default 28 25 16 10 6 3
Universal 27 27 23 19 16 14

Comparison with analogues

For the M14/41 (47/40) the ammo count is very low in comparison with other nations' counterparts, like American M4s' M2HB (12.7 mm) heavy machine gun. Compared with the Japanese Type 93 (13.2 mm) heavy machine gun, the Italian one has poor ammo belts choice, with only one option for every vehicle.

Usage in battles

In battle the Breda Model 31 has to be used only against light armoured vehicles, trucks, open top vehicles or motor torpedo boats, since at best it can provide 24/27 mm of penetration. It also needs to be fired carefully to save ammo in the M14/41 (47/40).

Pros and cons

Pros:

  • Respectable penetration ability, allowing for effective engagement of moderately armoured targets.

Cons:

  • Limited ammunition capacity on M14/41 (47/40), requiring careful ammo management and potential reloads during prolonged engagements.
  • The absence of alternative ammo belts limits tactical flexibility and adaptability in different scenarios.

History

During the rebuilding of the Regia Marina, the Italian's anti-air machine gun armament for the ships was the French 13.2 mm Hotchkiss machine gun.[1] However, a domestic firearms production was desired and so a request was sent by the Italian Navy in 1929 to replace the Hotchkiss with an Italian production model. Breda responded with a license acquired in 1929, with a license-production model beginning production in 1931 as the Model 1931 (Italian full name: Mitragliatrice Antiaerea "Breda" calibro 13.2mm Tipo R. Marina).[2] However, a shift in naval priorities caused a lack of interest in the 13.2 mm Breda Model 1931, with the Italians opting for armaments chambered in 8 mm or 20 mm, though the Model 1931 still saw use in anti-aircraft mounts in both naval and land applications.

The Regia Marina used the Model 1931 in single or dual mounts of various configurations. On merchant ships or auxiliary cruisers, there was a "lightweight" single, free-swinging mount or a "heavyweight" twin, hand-worked mount for the Model 1931. On submarines, a twin, disappearing, free-swinging mount was available.[3][4]

The Breda Model 31 saw use on land as vehicle mounts, replacing twin-machine gun mountings on vehicles such as the L3 tankette,[2] the M14/41 and M15/42 medium tank, or being the primary armament of command tanks.[5]

Improving the armament caliber, Breda would produce the 20 mm/65 Breda Model 1935 that was derived from the Model 1931 design.[1][6]

Media

Images

  • The Breda Model 31 barrel outside of the M14/41 (47/40)

See also

External links

References

Citations
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Friedman 2013, 585
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Popenker n.d.
  3. ↑ Campbell 1985, 347
  4. ↑ DiGiulian 2021
  5. ↑ Cappellano and Battistelli 2012, 35 & 46
  6. ↑ DiGiulian 2016
Bibliography
  • Campbell, John. 1985. Naval Weapons of World War Two. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press.
  • Cappellano, Filippo and Pier Paolo Battistelli. 2012. Italian Medium Tanks 1939-45. Great Britain: Osprey Publishing.
  • DiGiulian, Tony. 2016. "20 mm/65 Models 1935, 1939 and 1940 (Breda)." NavWeaps. Last modified October 30, 2016. Website (Archive)
  • DiGiulian, Tony. 2021. "13.2 mm/75.7 (0.52") AA MG Model 1931." NavWeaps. Last modified May 18, 2021. Website (Archive)
  • Friedman, Norman. 2013. Naval Anti-Aircraft Guns & Gunnery. Great Britain: Seaforth Publishing.
  • Popenker, Maxim. n.d. "Breda Modelo 1931 M1931 heavy machine gun (Italy)." Modern Firearms. Accessed March 10, 2022. Website (Archive)


Tank machine guns
USA 
7.62 mm  M37 · M60D · M73 · M240 · M1919A4
12.7 mm  FN M3P · M2HB · M80 · M85
Germany 
5.56 mm  MG4
7.62 mm  C6 · MG3A1
7.92 mm  MG13 Dreyse · MG34 · MG37(t) · MG42
12.7 mm  S.MG.50
USSR 
7.62 mm  DT · PKMB · PKT · PKTM · RP-46 · SGMT
12.7 mm  DK · DShK · 6P49 · NSVT
14.5 mm  KPVT
Britain 
7.62 mm  Browning MG4 · L3A1 · L8A1 · L8A2 · L37A1 · L37A2 · L94A1
7.7 mm  Vickers
7.92 mm  BESA
12.7 mm  L21A1
Japan 
6.5 mm  Type 91
7.62 mm  Type 74
7.7 mm  Type 97
12.7 mm  Type 60 (B)
China 
5.8 mm  QJT
7.62 mm  Type 55 · Type 59 · Type 86
12.7 mm  QJC88A · Type 54
14.5 mm  QJG02
Italy 
7.62 mm  Beretta MG42/59 · FN MAG 60-40
8 mm  34/40M · Breda Mod. 38
13.2 mm  Breda Model 31
France 
7.5 mm  AAT-52 · MAC 31
7.62 mm  A-A-F1N
8 mm  Hotchkiss Mle 1914
Sweden 
6.5 mm  ksp m/14-29
7.62 mm  ksp 39 C · ksp 58 · ksp 94
8 mm  ksp m/36 · ksp m/39B
12.7 mm  ksp 88

Naval machine guns
USA 
7.62 mm  M73
12.7 mm  AN-M2
Germany 
7.62 mm  MG-3
7.92 mm  MG08 pattern 1908 · MG15 · MG34
13.2 mm  Hotchkiss
15 mm  MG M38(t)
USSR 
7.62 mm  Maxim
12.7 mm  DShK
14.5 mm  KPV
Britain 
7.62 mm  FN MAG
7.7 mm  Lewis 1916 · Vickers GO No.5
12.7 mm  Vickers Mk.V
Japan 
6.5 mm  Maxim · Type 38 pattern 1907
7.7 mm  Type 89 · Type 92
13.2 mm  Type 93
Italy 
6.5 mm  Breda Mod.30 · Fiat Model 26
12.7 mm  Breda-SAFAT
13.2 mm  Breda Model 31
France 
13.2 mm  Browning · Model 1929 Hotchkiss

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