ARL-44
| This page is about the French tank destroyer ARL-44. For the heavy tank version, see ARL-44 (ACL-1). |
Contents
Description
The ARL 44 was a French heavy tank that was developed shortly before the conclusion of World War II. Only sixty units were ever manufactured, beginning in 1949. The vehicle was unimpressive and only saw limited service. The tank was decommissioned in 1953. The ARL 44 is undoubtedly based on an earlier French heavy tank design. The hull is long but narrow, built for crossing deep trenches during wartime. The covered suspension, with its many small road wheels, is the most evident indication of its Char B1 heavy tank ancestry; it is virtually identical to that of the Char B1 ter. Partly due to a lack of a powerful enough engine, the tank compensates by using a more efficient petro-electrical transmission. As this type of transmission easily overheats, the ARL 44 was outfitted with a remarkable and complicated set of ventilators and cooling ducts; the engine deck was extended behind the track to accommodate them all.
Introduced in Update 1.75 "La Résistance", the ARL-44 is insufficiently armoured to serve as a frontline heavy tank in its intended duty. It should instead be played as a sniper. The front of the vehicle is powerful enough to resist most ammunition fired from enemies. Furthermore, with an above-average reload time, staying away from the front lines helps prevent the tank from being overwhelmed by adversaries. The main armament is fairly powerful, but it lacks explosive filler to disable or destroy opponents with a single shot. To maximize damage, always target modules and crew locations.
General info
Survivability and armour
Armour type:
- Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, cupola)
- Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull)
| Armour | Front (Slope angle) | Sides | Rear | Roof |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hull | 120 mm (48°) Front glacis 100 mm (spherical) MG port 50 mm Hull compartment between the tracks 50 mm (63°) Lower glacis |
50 mm 25 mm Tracks cover |
35 mm (32°) Rear glacis 35 mm (20°) Hull compartment between the tracks |
20 mm 5 mm Radiator vents 5 mm (18°) Engine access panel |
| Turret | 110 mm (0-70°) Turret front 66 mm Gun mantlet |
60 mm (14°) | 20 mm (8°) | 20 mm (11°) Front 10 mm Rear |
| Cupola | 60 mm (spherical) | |||
Notes:
- Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick while tracks are 20 mm thick and bogies are 10 mm thick.
- An additional 25 mm RHA plate separates the engine from the crew compartment.
In spite of its armour the ARL-44 still has weak spots easy to target. Avoid showing your sides and/or your back to enemy tanks and you should be mostly fine. Because of the large weak spots like the turret cheeks or the hull between the tracks, it is better to stay as far as possible from the frontline, using the very powerful gun to knock down enemies.
Mobility
| Game Mode | Max Speed (km/h) | Weight (tons) | Engine power (horsepower) | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Forward | Reverse | Stock | Upgraded | Stock | Upgraded | ||
| Arcade | 41 | 9 | 50 | 852 | 1,145 | 17.04 | 22.9 |
| Realistic | 38 | 8 | 531 | 600 | 10.62 | 12 | |
While the ARL-44 suffers from poor traction and a low top speed for a tank destroyer, the powerful engine and good transmission allows the ARL-44 to accelerate quickly and turn effectively despite its immense size. The vehicle has decent mobility even in close quarters, however at these ranges your armour is ineffective and your gun impractical, so it is ill-advised to fight at close range, even if you have the mobility to support it.
Modifications and economy
| Mobility | Protection | Firepower | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Armaments
Main armament
| 90 mm SA45 | Turret rotation speed (°/s) | Reloading rate (seconds) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mode | Capacity | Vertical | Horizontal | Stabilizer | Stock | Upgraded | Full | Expert | Aced | Stock | Full | Expert | Aced |
| Arcade | 37 | -5°/+20° | ±180° | N/A | 21.1 | 29.2 | 35.5 | 39.3 | 41.8 | 13.00 | 11.50 | 10.60 | 10.00 |
| Realistic | 14.3 | 16.8 | 20.4 | 22.6 | 24.0 | ||||||||
The gun is clearly the biggest quality of the ARL-44 as it can take down anything at this battle rating from a good distance. Keep in mind that your reload rate is rather slow. The shells have no explosive filler but every penetrating shot carries a very large amount of shrapnel. Destroying enemies with one shot is thus a frequent occurrence, even if this tanks only has solid shots.
Ammunition
| Penetration statistics | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammunition | Type of warhead |
Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm) | |||||
| 10 m | 100 m | 500 m | 1,000 m | 1,500 m | 2,000 m | ||
| PCO-50 | APCBC | 248 | 245 | 233 | 218 | 205 | 192 |
| Obus explosif | HE | 17 | 17 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 13 |
| Shell details | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammunition | Type of warhead |
Velocity (m/s) |
Projectile mass (kg) |
Fuse delay (m) |
Fuse sensitivity (mm) |
Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (g) |
Ricochet | |||||
| 0% | 50% | 100% | ||||||||||
| PCO-50 | APCBC | 1,000 | 11.2 | - | - | - | 48° | 63° | 71° | |||
| Obus explosif | HE | 700 | 11.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 945 | 79° | 80° | 81° | |||
Ammo racks
| Full ammo |
1st rack empty |
2nd rack empty |
Visual discrepancy |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37 | 25 (+12) | 1 (+36) | No |
Notes:
- Shells are modelled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
- Hull empty: 25 (+12) shells.
Machine guns
| 7.5 mm MAC 31 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mount | Capacity (Belt) | Fire rate | Vertical | Horizontal |
| Coaxial | 5,100 (150) | 551 | N/A | N/A |
The small calibre of the MAC 31 machine gun makes it largely ineffective against all armoured vehicles but the ones with an open compartment. It still can be used to ping targets as a rangefinding help or to mow down minor obstacles blocking your line of sight.
Usage in battles
- Combat tactics
The ARL-44 is a not a well enough armoured vehicle to play as a frontline or support tank and should be played as a sniper: take advantage of your very good gun to disable enemies with well placed shots while staying at a distance guaranteeing your survivability. Your frontal glacis is strong enough to resist most enemy guns beyond 800 m but there are obvious weak spots your opponents will prioritize: the turret cheeks, the MG port, the turret cupola and the lower glacis to a lesser extent. Staying far (between 800 m and 1,000 m) will make it difficult for enemy players to target your weak spots with accuracy and will give you time to react on incoming shots.
Your gun has a very good penetration power allowing you to stay at a distance but the lack of explosive filler is detrimental to your performance . Your reload time is a bit longer than most opponents, so aim precisely and make every shot count. Make sure to target modules and crew positions to maximise the damage. Disabling the enemy gunner on your first shot will also be critical to win engagements as the enemy vehicle could return fire before your second shot. Use the "sight distance control" feature to increase your chances of successfully hitting enemy tanks from long distance.
Fighting in close quarters require a great knowledge of your tank: when attacking frontally, the shake of the suspension is small enough to fire on the move at 10 km/h, and its immense penetration gives you an advantage against both stabilized and unstabilized tanks, giving you the opportunity to land the first shot on the enemy. When encountering an enemy from an angle, lure them to shoot first by showing your frontal plate while keeping your turret hidden. If an enemy approaches from behind, use the great hull and turret traverse speed to quickly react to the threat.
- Notable enemies
- Tank destroyers with powerful guns that can penetrate you from afar: Sturer Emil, Panzer IV/70(V), Nashorn, Waffenträger, VFW, ISU-122, ISU-122S, Charioteer Mk VII or ISU-122 (China). The IS-2 and the IS-2 (China) can be added to the list as they sport as gun identical in performance to the ISU-122
- Tanks firing HEAT/HEATFS shells that can defeat your frontal glacis: PT-76B, PT-76 (China) or Ikv 103.
- Tanks firing APDS shots that can defeat your frontal glacis: Challenger, Comet I, Iron Duke IV, Centurion Mk 1, Sherman Vc (Italy), Pvkv m/43 (1963) or Strv 74.
- Tanks whose cannon is powerful enough to penetrate your frontal glacis once closer to your vehicle (500 m distance): M36 GMC, Tiger H1, Tiger E, Panther D, Panther A, T-34-85, SU-85M, IS-1, KV-85, Chi-Ri II, M4A3 (76) W HVSS, T-34-85 (S-53) (China), T-34-85 Gai or M36 (China).
- How to defeat an ARL-44
- Behind the track and the front sprocket wheel, there is a thin, vertical armour plate of only 50 mm thick. Behind that is the 3rd ammo rack. Thus if an ARL-44 is facing you frontally, shoot at either of the two front sprocket wheels. An average gun with at least 110 mm penetration (at 0°) on a shell with explosive filler (e.g. an M10 tank destroyer) will certainly punch through the track, wheel, the armour, then ultimately explode inside the hull. The spot is quite small from a distance.
- Do not attack the ARL-44 frontally unless you have enough armour to afford it.
- Sneak around it and target the turret from the back or the side. The ARL-44 has a slow turret traverse and flat side and rear armour, making it especially vulnerable to flanking.
- If you have no other option than to attack it frontally, blind it with smoke before closing the gap. Target the turret cheeks or the cupola as they are weak spots.
Pros and cons
Pros:
- Mobility is good as long as you don't push it
- Good acceleration at low speed
- Good hull turning rate
- Frontal armour is thick with 120 mm of sloped armour on the glacis.
- Complex side armour negates occasional HEAT shells.
- Potent gun
- Very high penetration power
- Good spalling
- High muzzle velocity round: easy to aim at distances
- Can be played a little like a heavy tank when facing weaker enemies.
Cons:
- Large silhouette
- Overall weak turret armour
- Turret armour is underwhelming at 100-110 mm of flat armour. Most 75 mm guns can penetrate at range.
- Weak gun mantlet is only 60 mm flat armour
- Turret back is only 20 mm thick, vulnerable to HMG fire.
- Hull armour has many weak spots
- Extremely thin roof armour (10 mm on the turret and 5 mm on the engine deck). Strafing planes are deadly.
- Side vulnerable to solid shots.
- Weak lower plate is only 50 mm, a major shot trap.
- A hit to a track from the front has a high chance of both knocking out the track and some crew members. High calibre guns may be able to one shot.
- Moving can be unpleasant with the outdated suspension
- Tracks have poor ground traction
- Hill climbing is hard
- Struggles reaching top speed
- Wall of ammo behind the upper glacis plate, penetrating it can result in an ammo rack
History
Development of the ARL-44 began shortly after the Liberation of France in 1944. The established provisional government was keen on restoring France's influence and power to what it used to be before the war. This involved, among other things, the revival of all French military branches. The situation was looking particularly desperate for the army, as most indigenous equipment and tanks were manufactured in the 1930s and the most advanced in use at the time was equipment left behind by the Germans. The French Ministry of War decided to remedy this issue by starting the production of a so called "transitional tank". This project was intended to bolster the number of indigenous tanks in use with the army, reuse existing tank parts and, most importantly, provide French engineers with a base on which they could "experiment" on to gain valuable experience for future tank development. Thus, in November 1944, the decision was made to design a heavy tank with relatively modest specifications. Staff from several design and manufacturing state companies were assigned to the project and work on what would become the ARL-44 began.
Initially, the new tank was required, apart from using existing tank parts, to have a weight of 30 tonnes, a top armour thickness of 60 mm and a primary gun of the 75 mm calibre. As the engineers were limited to using existing parts for their new machine, it very quickly became apparent that the amount of innovation that was possible for the new machine was equally limited. Thus, the ARL-44 soon took on the resemblance of a Char B1, with the exception of the turret and gun. The end of the war in 1945 didn't stop development however, quite the opposite in fact. The design went through several changes, from increasing the armour thickness to the installation of a new engine and the new 90 mm French cannon, despite the fact that there was no longer a need for such a vehicle. At that point, the further development and subsequent limited production run of the ARL-44 was only used for "propaganda" purposes, with the aim of increasing the morale of the French people in the post-war period. In the end, only 60 ARL-44s were constructed and no sooner than they were introduced into service, they were also decommissioned due to, unsurprisingly, unsatisfactory performance, at the beginning of the 1950s. Despite this, the project did fulfill one of its major goals - generate experience for a new generation of French tank designers. Thanks to experiences gained from projects like the ARL-44, France would build its first true modern MBT only a decade later, serving as proof that the ARL-44 was not in vain after all.
- From Devblog
Media
- Skins
- Videos
See also
- Other vehicles of similar configuration and role
External links
| France tank destroyers | |
|---|---|
| Lorraine 40t derivatives | CA Lorraine · Lorraine 155 Mle.50 |
| ATGM | MEPHISTO · AMX-10M |
| Other | AMR.35 ZT3 · Lorraine 37L · SAu 40 · ARL-44 · ELC bis · AMX-50 Foch · AuF1 |
| USA | ▄M10 GMC · ▄M36B2 |
