3 pdr QF Hotchkiss (47 mm)

Description

The 47 mm 3 pdr QF Hotchkiss is a naval gun used on British, French, Russian, and Japanese ships.

Vehicles equipped with this weapon

• Courbet
• Fairmile A (ML100)
• Fairmile B (ML345)
• HMS Invincible
• IJN Kurama
• Poltava

General info

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Available ammunition

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Comparison with analogues

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Usage in battles

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Pros and cons

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History

The 3-pounder QF (Quick-Firing) Hotchkiss is a French naval cannon that is a smaller counterpart to the larger 6-pounder Hotchkiss introduced the previous year. The 6-pounder was intended to repel torpedo boats and other small targets but it was too large for use on some ships. Thus in 1886, the 3-pounder was created to fill the gap for torpedo boat protection. The first modern quick-firing (as in a complete round instead of projectile and shell-casing being loaded separately) adopted by the Royal Navy, it was produced under license by the Elswick Ordnance Company. Finding itself on most small cruisers and other small boats during World War I, the Hotchkiss was also mounted on battleships such as HMS Invincible or the King George V class. It was found to be ineffective due to the cartridge mid-way through World War I however, and began to be phased out for the Ordnance QF 3-pounder Vickers. As they began getting removed from front-line duties, the Hotchkiss found itself in service as a sub-calibre training weapon and a saluting gun. Despite their age, 1,950 guns were still serving in rear line roles when World War II started and due to a pressing need for small ships such as the Fairmile A Motor Launches and merchant vessels, the guns were brought back into combat service. They would remain in service in this role early in the war and in port defense against torpedo boats, but were soon replaced by the 6pdr 7cwt QF Mk IIA in those roles. The guns are still in British service to this day as saluting guns at Victory Green on the Falkland Islands.

The guns were not only used by the Royal Navy. It was used in France, Italy, Japan, the United States, and Russia. The Russians, who had previously adopted a Gatling-style five-barrel Hotchkiss 3-pounder in the 1880s, were quick to adopt the single-barrel 3-pounder Hotchkiss in 1884. They would become standard equipment on every Imperial Russian Navy ship from 1880 to 1905. After the Russo-Japanese War ended, the Russians reached the same conclusion the British would reach in World War I and phased them out from front-line service. While the guns were still in service during World War I, they were instead used on riverboats and lightships and as anti-aircraft guns. The Soviet Navy would keep some of these guns in service into World War II as part of the Pinsk River Flotilla.

French Navy

The French Marine Nationale (French Navy) also adopted the 1885 model 3-pounder Hotchkiss gun and paired it with the larger Canon da 65 mm Modèle 1891. The 3-pounder was used on everything from destroyers to armoured cruisers, ironclads, pre-dreadnought battleships, and submarines. The most notable French ships to use the Hotchkiss were the Liberté and Danton-class pre-dreadnought battleships along with the armoured cruisers Jules Michelet, Ernest Renan, and the Edgar Quinet-class. During World War I, the French used the Hotchkiss 3-pounder as their standard naval anti-aircraft gun, with the design modified to use high-angle mounts but it was ineffective and eventually replaced by the Canon de 75 mm Modèle 1908. Despite this, the 3-pounder was still in service in the AA role by World War II though it was mostly phased out by the AA variants of the French 75 mm and the Canon de 75 mm modèle 1924 guns. The French also used a second 3-pounder Hotchkiss cannon which was 50 calibres long instead of 40 calibres long and was designed in 1902.

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See also

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External links

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USSR naval cannons
20 mm	ShVAK
25 mm	2M-3
30 mm	AK-230 · 30 mm/54 AK-630 · BP "Plamya"
37 mm	37 mm/67 70-K · V-11
45 mm	45 mm/46 21-K · 45 mm/68 21-KM · 45 mm/89 SM-20-ZIF · 45 mm/89 SM-21-ZIF
57 mm	AK-725
75 mm	75 mm/50 Canet patt.1892
76 mm	34-K · 39-K · 76 mm/60 AK-176M · AK-726 · D-56TS · F-34 · Lender AA gun, pattern 1914/15
85 mm	85 mm/52 92-K · 85 mm/54.6 ZIS-C-53 · 90-K
100 mm	100 mm/56 B-34 · 100 mm/70 SM-5-1 · Minizini
102 mm	Pattern 1911
120 mm	120 mm/50 pattern 1905
130 mm	130 mm/55 pattern 1913 · 130 mm/58 SM-2-1 · B-13
152 mm	152 mm/57 B-38
180 mm	180 mm/57 B-1-P · 180 mm/60 B-1-K
305 mm	12-inch/52 pattern 1907 · 305 mm/54 B-50
	Foreign:
40 mm	2pdr QF Mk.IIc (Britain) · Skoda (Czechoslovakia)
47 mm	3 pdr QF Hotchkiss (Britain)
76 mm	76 mm/40 Ansaldo mod.1917 (Italy)
88 mm	SK C/30 (Germany)
120 mm	120 mm/50 Mk.4 Bofors M1924 (Sweden) · 120 mm/50 O.T.O. Mod.1933 (Italy)
152 mm	152/53 mm O.T.O. Mod.1929 (Italy)
320 mm	320 mm/44 Ansaldo model 1934 (Italy)

Japan naval cannons
20 mm	JM61 · Type 98
25 mm	25 mm/60 Type 96
37 mm	Type 4 · Type 11 pattern 1922
40 mm	40 mm/62 Vickers
57 mm	Type 97
75 mm	Type 88 AA
76 mm	3-inch/40 Type 41 · 8 cm/40 3rd Year Type · 8 cm/60 Type 98
100 mm	100/65 mm Type 98 mod A
120 mm	120 mm/45 3rd Year Type · 120 mm/45 10th year type
127 mm	5 inch/40 Type 89 · 127 mm/50 3rd Year Type
140 mm	140 mm/50 3rd Year Type
152 mm	6-inch/45 Type 41 · 15 cm/50 Type 41
155 mm	155 mm/60 3rd Year Type
200 mm	20 cm 3rd year type No.1
203 mm	20 cm/45 Type 41 · 20 cm/50 3rd year type No.2
356 mm	36 cm/45 Type 41
410 mm	410 mm/45 Type 3
	Foreign:
20 mm	20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (USA/Britain)
40 mm	Bofors L/60 Mark 1 (USA) · Bofors L/60 Mark 2 (USA) · Bofors L/60 Mark 3 (USA)
47 mm	3 pdr QF Hotchkiss (Britain)
76 mm	3-inch Mark 10 (USA) · 3 inch Mk.33 (USA) · 3-inch Mk.34 (USA)
120 mm	4,7-inch/40 Armstrong (Britain)
127 mm	5 inch/38 Mk.12 (USA)
305 mm	12-inch/45 Vickers (Britain) · 12-inch/50 Vickers (Britain)

France naval cannons
37 mm	37 mm/50 model 1925 · 37 mm/50 model 1933
47 mm	3 pdr QF Hotchkiss
75 mm	75 mm/50 Canet model 1891 · 75 mm/50 model 1922
90 mm	90 mm/50 model 1926
130 mm	130 mm/40 model 1919
138.6 mm	138.6 mm/55 model 1910 · 138.6 mm/40 model 1927 · 138.6 mm/50 model 1929
152 mm	152 mm/55 model 1930
155 mm	155 mm/50 model 1920
203 mm	203 mm/50 model 1924
305 mm	305 mm/45 model 1906-10
340 mm	340 mm/45 model 1912
	Foreign:
20 mm	2 cm/65 C/38 (Germany) · 2 cm/65 Flakvierling 38 (Germany) · 20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (USA/Britain)
40 mm	2pdr QF Mk.IIc (Britain) · 2pdr QF Mk.VIII (Britain) · Bofors L/60 Mark 2 (USA) · Bofors L/60 Mark 3 (USA)
102 mm	4 in QF Mark V (Britain) · 4 inch/45 Mark XVI (Britain)
128 mm	12.8 cm/45 SK C/34 (Germany)
150 mm	15 cm/48 KC/36 (Germany)