https://wiki.warthunder.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=U7665380&feedformat=atomWar Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-19T09:58:11ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.30.0https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Independent&diff=183635Independent2024-03-18T07:02:39Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=uk_a1e1_independent<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} British heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.63 "Desert Hunters"]]. The A1E1, with its five turrets, serve as the instigator of the multi-turreted concept that spread to the Soviet [[T-35]] and the German [[Nb.Fz.|Neubaufahrzeug]].<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 28 mm (0-27°) || 13 mm ''Top'' <br> 13 + 10 mm ''Bottom'' || 13 mm (0-58°) || 8 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Main turret || 28 mm (6-48°) ''Turret front'' <br> 20 mm (6°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 28 mm || 28 mm || 8 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Secondary turrets || 13 mm (0-3°) || 13 mm || 13 mm || 8 mm<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, tracks are 20 mm thick.<br />
* Belly armour is 20 mm thick.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=478|rbMinHp=327}}<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|Ordnance QF 3-pounder (47 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The QF 3-pounder is a somewhat unique weapon, being one of the few guns you will come across in the British tree capable of firing shells with explosive filler, indeed armour-piercing high explosive (APHE) is the only ammo type available for it. The explosive filler gives the QF 3-pounder somewhat better damage than that of the far more common [[QF 2-pounder (40 mm)|QF 2-pounder]], however this comes at the cost of significantly worse penetration. The reload rate is also slightly slower than the QF 2-pounder, however it still fairly quick with a shortest possible reload of 3.0 seconds (compared to 2.8 seconds for the QF 2-pounder).<br />
<br />
The penetration of the QF 3-pounder is adequate although being lower than that of the QF 2-pounder you may find some targets harder to deal with than you were expecting. Although having fairly good damage the gun is often still not powerful enough to kill some larger tanks with a single shot.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[Ordnance QF 3-pounder (47 mm)|47 mm Ordnance QF 3-pounder]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 201 || rowspan="2" | -4°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Shoulder|up to 10 km/h}} || 8.1 || 11.2 || 13.6 || 15.0 || 16.0 || rowspan="2" | 3.90 || rowspan="2" | 3.45 || rowspan="2" | 3.18 || rowspan="2" | 3.00<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 5.9 || 7.0 || 8.5 || 9.4 || 10.0<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{{:Ordnance QF 3-pounder (47 mm)/Ammunition|Shell Mk.I}}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<!-- '''Last updated:''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! 7th<br>rack empty<br />
|-<br />
| '''201''' || 181&nbsp;''(+20)'' || 166&nbsp;''(+35)'' || 151&nbsp;''(+50)'' || 136&nbsp;''(+65)'' || 121&nbsp;''(+80)'' || 106&nbsp;''(+95)'' || 91&nbsp;''(+110)''<br />
|-<br />
! 8th<br>rack empty<br />
! 9th<br>rack empty<br />
! 10th<br>rack empty<br />
! 11th<br>rack empty<br />
! 12th<br>rack empty<br />
! 13th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
|| 76&nbsp;''(+125)'' || 61&nbsp;''(+140)'' || 46&nbsp;''(+155)'' || 31&nbsp;''(+170)'' || 16&nbsp;''(+185)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+200)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Note''':<br />
<br />
* Turret empty: 181&nbsp;''(+20)'' shells.<br />
<br />
==== Optics ====<br />
The Independent has poor optics, a default magnification of x1.85 is the joint worst in the game (many other tanks have x1.85 optics, but no tank has less); and the maximum magnification of x3.5 is only marginally better than the minimum possible value of x3 (for balance reasons all tanks have at least x3 maximum magnification). Although the optics are objectively poor they are somewhat typical for tanks of this era, and many of the tanks the Independent will face have the same (or very similar) magnification values.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} [[Optics]]<br />
|-<br />
! Which ones<br />
! Default magnification<br />
! Maximum magnification<br />
|-<br />
! Main Gun optics<br />
| x1.85 || x3.5<br />
|-<br />
! Comparable optics<br />
| colspan="2" | [[Nb.Fz.]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|Vickers (7.7 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[Vickers (7.7 mm)|7.7 mm Vickers]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Front left || 4,000 (250) || 390 || -10°/+15° || -130°/+40°<br />
|-<br />
| Front right || 4,000 (250) || 390 || -10°/+15° || -40°/+130°<br />
|-<br />
| Rear left || 4,000 (250) || 390 || -3°/+15° || 0°/+130°<br />
|-<br />
| Rear right || 4,000 (250) || 390 || -3°/+15° || -160°/0°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
<br />
'''Gameplay Overview:'''<br />
<br />
The A1E1 Independent is a large and somewhat slow tank that has a fairly unique playstyle. The multiple turret design is rare, with only a few other vehicles having this feature. Unfortunately, the independent's turrets are only armed with machine guns, meaning they will not be useful against most enemies. However, the large size and multiple turret design allows the Independent to survive large amounts of enemy fire. This is not because it has armour capable of bouncing enemy shells, but because it is exceptionally difficult for enemies to knock out all of the crew. The crew count can be considered a sort of health bar, while on low crew the Independent will be easily destroyed. The firepower is decent, but may struggle in many scenarios. The 3 pounder cannon is one of few guns in the British tree that fires APHE, but it suffers from low velocity and an unreliable fuze. The independent is best used as a heavy tank, trying to get close to enemy tanks, and tank damage for friendly tanks.<br />
<br />
'''Close Range Engagements:'''<br />
<br />
At close range the Independent is at an advantage against most foes. The survivability allows it to tank multiple hits from enemies. So long as you are able to destroy the enemy tank within the first few shots, you have the advantage.<br />
<br />
'''Long Range Engagements:'''<br />
<br />
Long range engagements are not the strong suit of the Independent. The Independent's gun is unreliable at range, and some enemies will be able to slowly incapacitate the Independent's crew, until it is destroyed. At range, make sure to use cover and not overexpose the tank, as your crew members are your most valuable asset.The turret armour may be able to bounce shots at range.<br />
<br />
'''Notable Enemies:'''<br />
<br />
There are several tanks that the Independent may encounter near its BR that pose a serious threat to it. These tanks are dangerous because they are able to quickly destroy the Independents' biggest asset, the large crew count. One example is the [[Ho-Ro]] which can knock out the entire tank in a single hit due to its large artillery cannon. Similarly, the Panzer II series can quickly cut through the crew of an Independent with their [[KwK30 (20 mm)|KwK30]] and [[KwK38 (20 mm)|KwK38]] cannons.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* 47 mm gun is adequate<br />
* Large ammo reserve<br />
* It has explosives in the AP rounds, very rare in British vehicles<br />
* Like other large tanks (e.g. T-35, T-28 and SMK) it is a very complex vehicle to destroy with plenty of turrets, big tracks and curvy/angled parts to soak up rounds and 8 crew members to boot<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Very long tank, hard to hide side from flankers and manoeuvre in tight corners<br />
* Only one ammo type<br />
* Armour is quite thin<br />
* Vulnerable to 20 mm autocannons. In many ways they are more effective than normal cannons due to their high rate of fire<br />
* APHE is inconsistent due to vehicles the Independent will be facing in general have less than 25 mm of armour<br />
* Crew members are near each other, making a single penetrating shot deadly<br />
* Gun is blocked by the 4 MG turret when aiming down, reducing the angle of firing.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
===Development===<br />
During the interwar period, British General Staff requested for a heavy tank design in 1924. The project, undertaken by an engineer named Walter Gordon Wilson, was designed by the Armstrong Siddeley engineering group. The finished prototype model was delivered to War Office in 1926. The design of the tank, named '''"Independent"''', was a multi-turreted design with a total of five turrets. The one in the center held a 3-pounder 47 mm gun while the other smaller turrets at the main turret's corner held Vickers machine guns. The tank can hold 8 crew members, a driver, four machine gunners, and three in the turret. It was around 28 tons and 25 feet long, despite being only 8 feet wide. This length caused some early problems as the tracks were too thin for the width, causing the rear sprocket wheels to peel the vehicle design as it continues to turn. W.G. Wilson attempted to fix this with an epicyclic steering system, but the tracks still wore out quickly. A unique feature on the Independent was a small opening on the left side of the tank that allowed for the placement of a stretcher for wounded crew members inside the tank to be pulled out from. <ref name="TankMuseumA1E1YT">The Tank Museum. ''Tank Chats #24 A1E1 Independent. (3:00)'' YouTube. YouTube, 05 Aug. 2016. Web. 21 Nov. 2016.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wSwd7IcY9KA Video]</ref><br />
<br />
During the development and testing process, the Independent design was a item of espionage by the international community. Plans of the design ended up in the Soviet Union and in Germany, with a British officer named Norman Baillie-Stewart court-martialled for supplying secrets to the Germans, including the Independent plans. This espionage influenced several tank designs from these countries, with the [[T-28]] and [[T-35]] in the Soviet Union and the [[Nb.Fz.|Neubaufahrzeug]] in Germany.<br />
<br />
===Cancellation===<br />
The Independent was tested by War Office all the way until 1935, but it was a troublesome design. Most of the tests focused on its automotive performance, not even passing along to gunnery trials. The Independent was also used in a officer school for recommendations and examinations. The only model built, the prototype, was deemed worn out in 1935 as the War Office saw no need to spend more money on the design when other vehicles were being produced. They retired the Independent and sent the model to the Bovington Tank Museum, where it sits today for display.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_a1e1_independent Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|gR3JPNt0iPw|'''Heavyweight brits''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 1:14 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|RyA5KcS2hAw|'''Multi-turreted Tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 3:37 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|x8LVKOlnQdE|'''The Shooting Range #31''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 06:37 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|wSwd7IcY9KA|'''Tank Chats #24 Vickers A1E1 Independent''' - ''The Tank Museum''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role<br />
<br />
* [[2C]]<br />
* [[Nb.Fz.]]<br />
* [[T-35]]<br />
* [[Ro-Go]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/news/4253-development-a1e1-independent-a-land-ironclad-en/|[Devblog] A1E1 Independent - A Land Ironclad]]<br />
<br />
=== References ===<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
{{Manufacturer Vickers-Armstrongs}}<br />
{{Britain heavy tanks}}<br />
{{Britain premium ground vehicles}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Churchill_Crocodile&diff=177959Churchill Crocodile2023-12-07T03:12:13Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = premium British heavy tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| usage = other versions<br />
| link = Churchill (Family)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=uk_a_22f_mk_7_churchill_crocodile<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
|market=id50199_churchill_crocodile_great_britain<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} British heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Fire and Ice"]] as a reward for [[Battle Pass: Season IX, "Smell of Victory"]]. The Churchill Crocodile differentiates itself from the Churchill VII with its flamethrower as an extremely effective secondary weapon against vehicles with exposed crew (SPAAs, tank destroyers, etc.).<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
The Churchill Crocodile has the same armour layout as the Churchill VII, most enemy tanks will struggle to penetrate its excellent armour in a downtier. The armour can be further upgraded with additional tracks. Being angled and hull down significantly improves the survivability. The Crocodile is a good "shell magnet" for the team; attracting the main firepower from the enemy tanks while friendly tanks engage them, reducing the pressure on the friendly team significantly.<br />
<br />
'''Armour type:''' <!-- The types of armour present on the vehicle and their general locations --><br />
<!-- Example: * Rolled homogeneous armour (Front, Side, Rear, Hull roof)<br />
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Transmission area) --><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 152 mm ''Front Plate'' <br> 57.15 mm (66-67°) ''Front Glacis'' 139 mm (24°) ''Lower Glacis'' <br> 95 mm Flamethrower ''Port''<br />
| 95 mm || 50.8 mm (1°) ''Top'' <br> 25.4 mm (64°) ''Bottom'' || 15.88-19.05 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 152 mm (20°) ''Turret Front'' <br> 152 mm (26°) ''Gun Mantlet'' || 95.25 mm || 95.25 mm (1°) || 20 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Cupola || 152 mm || 152 mm || 152 mm || 20 mm<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Notes:''' <!-- Any additional notes which the user needs to be aware of --><br />
<!-- Example: * Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick, tracks are 30 mm thick, and torsion bars are 60 mm thick. --><br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
The Churchill Crocodile retains the same slow mobility as the [[Churchill VII]]. It has a low top speed and difficulty to turn and climb slopes. It won't be the first to the frontline, but that means it will be ideal for a support role. The Crocodile is very difficult to manoeuvre in tight and narrow streets with its long hull and its towed trailer. With a terrible and slow reverse speed (-3 km/h), retreating is difficult and the vehicle is easily flanked by enemies close by.<br />
<br />
{{tankMobility}}<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|OQF Mk.V (75 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The 75mm OQF Mk. V is an underwhelming gun for its BR. Its best shell can only go through 103 mm of armour. In an uptier, your gun will barely damage enemy vehicles. The most you can do is disable external components like barrels and tracks. The gun depression of -10 degrees allows for easier fighting in mountainous terrain. The gun sight has excellent zoom, making mid-range engagements easier.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[OQF Mk.V (75 mm)|75 mm OQF Mk.V]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 84 || rowspan="2" | -12°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 19.42 || 26.88 || 32.64 || 36.10 || 38.40 || rowspan="2" | 6.50 || rowspan="2" | 5.75 || rowspan="2" | 5.30 || rowspan="2" | 5.00<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 14.28 || 16.80 || 20.40 || 22.56 || 24.00<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{{:OQF Mk.V (75 mm)/Ammunition|M72 shot, M61 shot, M48 shell, M89}}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_Churchill_VII.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<!-- '''Last updated: 2.23.0.51''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''84''' || 71&nbsp;''(+13)'' || 51&nbsp;''(+33)'' || 31&nbsp;''(+53)'' || 16&nbsp;''(+68)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+83)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes''':<br />
<br />
* Racks disappear after you've fired all shells in the rack.<br />
* Pack 16&nbsp;''(+68)'' shells to keep most of the hull empty.<br />
{{Clear}}<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|Flamethrower|BESA (7.92 mm)}}<br />
<br />
As the flamethrower is unable to penetrate fully armoured vehicles, it is ineffective damage-wise against most tanks that a player will encounter. Due to the weight of fuel, flamethrowers can only hit targets at relatively short ranges.<br />
<br />
However, this weapon is particularly useful for eliminating exposed crew members in open-topped vehicles and SPAA. For example, if a Churchill Crocodile shot flames at a [[Pz.IV H]], it would take no damage. A [[Sd.Kfz. 6/2]], however, would be burnt down within a few seconds.<br />
<br />
This weapon is located in the bow gun position, replacing the machine gun mounted in the regular [[Churchill VII]]. As such, it has a very limited traverse and is dependent on the hull position for horizontal targeting. Vertical guidance is quite good, which can allow it to reach targets at short ranges outside of point-blank. Unfortunately, the slow speed of the Crocodile can make it difficult to get within range, so players will need to use the vertical limit to lob shots onto the enemy.<br />
<br />
In attacking enemies that are fully armoured, a Churchill Crocodile can use its flamethrower to temporarily blind or distract the enemy. Fully armoured vehicles can be shot with flames to blind and confuse them which can allow the Crocodile to shoot back or reposition itself. Fire can serve as a deterrent to vehicles with exposed crew from getting too close, something that can be problematic for a Churchill tank.<br />
<br />
Since this weapon is very unique, enemies will know a Churchill Crocodile is around when the flamethrower is used. When it is not in use, the fuel trailer is a major indicator of the vehicle. Flamethrower fuel tanks are susceptible to being shot. If this fuel tank is destroyed, it will explode. The tank crew will be unharmed, but the weapon system will be rendered unusable.<br />
<br />
The use of the flamethrower is highly situational: most of the time, it will not damage enemy tanks that are adequately protected. Furthermore, the flamethrower's range is limited, and aiming it requires aiming the gun upwards, which can interfere with firing from the main gun.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[Flamethrower]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 800 (800) || 1,200 || -5°/+30° || ±15°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[BESA (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm BESA]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Coaxial || 9,450 (225) || 600 || N/A || N/A<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
[[File:Crocodile-flaming-over-obstacle.jpg|thumb|right|The flamethrower can be used to kill open-topped targets behind cover, by just spraying it over an obstacle until at least some of the flames land on the enemy]]<br />
The Churchill Crocodile is not too different from the [[Churchill VII]], being a modified version with a flamethrower weapon in the bow gunner position.<br />
<br />
The flamethrower is useful against open-topped vehicles, but otherwise the Churchill Crocodile's offensive capabilities remain the same as the Churchill VII with the 75 mm gun. Due to the 75 mm's low penetration and situational use of the flamethrower, it is recommended to work and rely on teammates to help destroy the enemy.<br />
<br />
Thanks to its thick armour, the Churchill Crocodile can hold a strategic position, like a choke point or a capture zone. The tank's slow top speed, combined with its relatively poor main armament, makes it very situational most of the time. It will struggle to get into any strategic spots during matches, and extra care must be taken to avoid enemies camping around the maps at the start of a match.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Access to a flamethrower, effective against open-topped vehicles<br />
* Same tough armour of the Churchill VII<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Flamethrower fuel is vulnerable to being shot<br />
* Inadequate 75 mm gun, same as the one on the Churchill VII<br />
* Slow reverse speed<br />
* Very slow top speed<br />
* The use of the flamethrower is situational as most tanks at this BR are fully enclosed<br />
* Vulnerable to shots through the top front of the turret<br />
* Worse overall mobility than Churchill VII due to the towed trailer<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
With the First World War bringing about the development of the tank and the flamethrower, different nations would devise ways to combine the two into a single weapon system during the interwar period. A mobile armoured flamethrower would allow the short-ranged weapon system to get close to the enemy with minimal risk from small-arms fire.<br />
<br />
[[File:Churchill Crocodile 1944.jpg|alt=Churchill Crocodile|thumb|right|400px|Churchill Crocodile firing its flamethrower]]<br />
In Britain, efforts by the Petroleum Warfare Department (PWD), Associated Equipment Company (AEC), and Ministry of Supply (MoS) would lead to the development of a flamethrower tank based on the [[Churchill (Family)|Churchill]] infantry tank family.<br />
<br />
This would be completed in the form of an fuel trailer towed behind the Churchill with lines connecting to a flame projector mounted in place of the bow machine gun. The trailer was lightly armoured and could resist light small-arms fire. If the trailer was destroyed or ran out of fuel, the crew could jettison it safely from the inside of the tank.<br />
<br />
Churchill Crocodiles began service in the European Theatre in 1944 as part of specialized support units. The flamethrowers served as a potent psychological weapon as well, with many German troops choosing to surrender instead of being burned to death. They were deemed effective, despite their short range.<br />
<br />
Crocodiles would go on to serve in the Korean War alongside other Churchill tanks until they were withdrawn from service in 1951.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_a_22f_mk_7_churchill_crocodile Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|NxhYLDgeMOE|'''Battle Pass: Smell of Victory''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 01:33 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/news/7913-development-battle-pass-vehicles-churchill-crocodile-en|[Devblog] Battle Pass vehicles: Churchill Crocodile]]<br />
<br />
{{Britain heavy tanks}}<br />
{{Britain premium ground vehicles}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Independent&diff=154776Independent2023-02-11T16:39:11Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=uk_a1e1_independent<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} British heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.63 "Desert Hunters"]]. The A1E1, with its five turrets, serve as the instigator of the multi-turreted concept that spread to the Soviet [[T-35]] and the German [[Nb.Fz.|Neubaufahrzeug]].<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 28 mm (0-27°) || 13 mm ''Top'' <br> 13 + 10 mm ''Bottom'' || 13 mm (0-58°) || 8 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Main turret || 28 mm (6-48°) ''Turret front'' <br> 20 mm (6°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 28 mm || 28 mm || 8 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Secondary turrets || 13 mm (0-3°) || 13 mm || 13 mm || 8 mm<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, tracks are 20 mm thick.<br />
* Belly armour is 20 mm thick.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=478|rbMinHp=327}}<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|Ordnance QF 3-pounder (47 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The QF 3-pounder is a somewhat unique weapon, being one of the few guns you will come across in the British tree capable of firing shells with explosive filler, indeed armour-piercing high explosive (APHE) is the only ammo type available for it. The explosive filler gives the QF 3-pounder somewhat better damage than that of the far more common [[QF 2-pounder (40 mm)|QF 2-pounder]], however this comes at the cost of significantly worse penetration. The reload rate is also slightly slower than the QF 2-pounder, however it still fairly quick with a shortest possible reload of 3.0 seconds (compared to 2.8 seconds for the QF 2-pounder).<br />
<br />
The penetration of the QF 3-pounder is adequate although being lower than that of the QF 2-pounder you may find some targets harder to deal with than you were expecting. Although having fairly good damage the gun is often still not powerful enough to kill some larger tanks with a single shot.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[Ordnance QF 3-pounder (47 mm)|47 mm Ordnance QF 3-pounder]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 201 || rowspan="2" | -4°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Shoulder|up to 10 km/h}} || 8.1 || 11.2 || 13.6 || 15.0 || 16.0 || rowspan="2" | 3.90 || rowspan="2" | 3.45 || rowspan="2" | 3.18 || rowspan="2" | 3.00<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 5.9 || 7.0 || 8.5 || 9.4 || 10.0<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{{:Ordnance QF 3-pounder (47 mm)/Ammunition|Shell Mk.I}}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<!-- '''Last updated:''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! 7th<br>rack empty<br />
|-<br />
| '''201''' || 181&nbsp;''(+20)'' || 166&nbsp;''(+35)'' || 151&nbsp;''(+50)'' || 136&nbsp;''(+65)'' || 121&nbsp;''(+80)'' || 106&nbsp;''(+95)'' || 91&nbsp;''(+110)''<br />
|-<br />
! 8th<br>rack empty<br />
! 9th<br>rack empty<br />
! 10th<br>rack empty<br />
! 11th<br>rack empty<br />
! 12th<br>rack empty<br />
! 13th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
|| 76&nbsp;''(+125)'' || 61&nbsp;''(+140)'' || 46&nbsp;''(+155)'' || 31&nbsp;''(+170)'' || 16&nbsp;''(+185)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+200)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Note''':<br />
<br />
* Turret empty: 181&nbsp;''(+20)'' shells.<br />
<br />
==== Optics ====<br />
The Independent has poor optics, a default magnification of x1.85 is the joint worst in the game (many other tanks have x1.85 optics, but no tank has less); and the maximum magnification of x3.5 is only marginally better than the minimum possible value of x3 (for balance reasons all tanks have at least x3 maximum magnification). Although the optics are objectively poor they are somewhat typical for tanks of this era, and many of the tanks the Independent will face have the same (or very similar) magnification values.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} [[Optics]]<br />
|-<br />
! Which ones<br />
! Default magnification<br />
! Maximum magnification<br />
|-<br />
! Main Gun optics<br />
| x1.85 || x3.5<br />
|-<br />
! Comparable optics<br />
| colspan="2" | [[Nb.Fz.]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|Vickers (7.7 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[Vickers (7.7 mm)|7.7 mm Vickers]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Front left || 4,000 (250) || 390 || -10°/+15° || -130°/+40°<br />
|-<br />
| Front right || 4,000 (250) || 390 || -10°/+15° || -40°/+130°<br />
|-<br />
| Rear left || 4,000 (250) || 390 || -3°/+15° || 0°/+130°<br />
|-<br />
| Rear right || 4,000 (250) || 390 || -3°/+15° || -160°/0°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
<br />
'''Gameplay Overview:'''<br />
<br />
The A1E1 Independent is a large and somewhat slow tank that has a fairly unique playstyle. The multiple turret design is rare, with only a few other vehicles having this feature. Unfortunately, the independent's turrets are only armed with machine guns, meaning they will not be useful against most enemies. However, the large size and multiple turret design allows the Independent to survive large amounts of enemy fire. This is not because it has armour capable of bouncing enemy shells, but because it is exceptionally difficult for enemies to knock out all of the crew. The crew count can be considered a sort of health bar, while on low crew the Independent will be easily destroyed. The firepower is decent, but may struggle in many scenarios. The 3 pounder cannon is one of few guns in the British tree that fires APHE, but it suffers from low velocity and an unreliable fuze. The independent is best used as a heavy tank, trying to get close to enemy tanks, and tank damage for friendly tanks.<br />
<br />
'''Close Range Engagements:'''<br />
<br />
At close range the Independent is at an advantage against most foes. The survivability allows it to tank multiple hits from enemies. So long as you are able to destroy the enemy tank within the first few shots, you have the advantage.<br />
<br />
'''Long Range Engagements:'''<br />
<br />
Long range engagements are not the strong suit of the Independent. The Independent's gun is unreliable at range, and some enemies will be able to slowly incapacitate the Independent's crew, until it is destroyed. At range, make sure to use cover and not overexpose the tank, as your crew members are your most valuable asset.The turret armour may be able to bounce shots at range.<br />
<br />
'''Notable Enemies:'''<br />
<br />
There are several tanks that the Independent may encounter near its BR that pose a serious threat to it. These tanks are dangerous because they are able to quickly destroy the Independents' biggest asset, the large crew count. One example is the [[Ho-Ro]] which can knock out the entire tank in a single hit due to its large artillery cannon. Similarly, the Panzer II series can quickly cut through the crew of an Independent with their [[KwK30 (20 mm)|KwK30]] and [[KwK38 (20 mm)|KwK38]] cannons.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* 47 mm gun is adequate<br />
* Large ammo reserve<br />
* It has explosives in the AP rounds, very rare in British vehicles<br />
* Like other large tanks (e.g. T-35, T-28 and SMK) it is a very complex vehicle to destroy with plenty of turrets, big tracks and curvy/angled parts to soak up rounds and 8 crew members to boot<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Very long tank, hard to hide side from flankers and manoeuvre in tight corners<br />
* Only one ammo type<br />
* Armour is quite thin<br />
* Vulnerable to 20 mm autocannons. In many ways they are more effective than normal cannons due to their high rate of fire<br />
* APHE is inconsistent due to vehicles the Independent will be facing in general have less than 25 mm of armour<br />
* Crew members are near each other, making a single penetrating shot deadly<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
===Development===<br />
During the interwar period, British General Staff requested for a heavy tank design in 1924. The project, undertaken by an engineer named Walter Gordon Wilson, was designed by the Armstrong Siddeley engineering group. The finished prototype model was delivered to War Office in 1926. The design of the tank, named '''"Independent"''', was a multi-turreted design with a total of five turrets. The one in the center held a 3-pounder 47 mm gun while the other smaller turrets at the main turret's corner held Vickers machine guns. The tank can hold 8 crew members, a driver, four machine gunners, and three in the turret. It was around 28 tons and 25 feet long, despite being only 8 feet wide. This length caused some early problems as the tracks were too thin for the width, causing the rear sprocket wheels to peel the vehicle design as it continues to turn. W.G. Wilson attempted to fix this with an epicyclic steering system, but the tracks still wore out quickly. A unique feature on the Independent was a small opening on the left side of the tank that allowed for the placement of a stretcher for wounded crew members inside the tank to be pulled out from. <ref name="TankMuseumA1E1YT">The Tank Museum. ''Tank Chats #24 A1E1 Independent. (3:00)'' YouTube. YouTube, 05 Aug. 2016. Web. 21 Nov. 2016.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wSwd7IcY9KA Video]</ref><br />
<br />
During the development and testing process, the Independent design was a item of espionage by the international community. Plans of the design ended up in the Soviet Union and in Germany, with a British officer named Norman Baillie-Stewart court-martialled for supplying secrets to the Germans, including the Independent plans. This espionage influenced several tank designs from these countries, with the [[T-28]] and [[T-35]] in the Soviet Union and the [[Nb.Fz.|Neubaufahrzeug]] in Germany.<br />
<br />
===Cancellation===<br />
The Independent was tested by War Office all the way until 1935, but it was a troublesome design. Most of the tests focused on its automotive performance, not even passing along to gunnery trials. The Independent was also used in a officer school for recommendations and examinations. The only model built, the prototype, was deemed worn out in 1935 as the War Office saw no need to spend more money on the design when other vehicles were being produced. They retired the Independent and sent the model to the Bovington Tank Museum, where it sits today for display.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_a1e1_independent Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|gR3JPNt0iPw|'''Heavyweight brits''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 1:14 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|RyA5KcS2hAw|'''Multi-turreted Tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 3:37 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|x8LVKOlnQdE|'''The Shooting Range #31''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 06:37 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|wSwd7IcY9KA|'''Tank Chats #24 Vickers A1E1 Independent''' - ''The Tank Museum''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role<br />
<br />
* [[Nb.Fz.]]<br />
* [[T-35]]<br />
* [[Ro-Go]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/news/4253-development-a1e1-independent-a-land-ironclad-en/|[Devblog] A1E1 Independent - A Land Ironclad]]<br />
<br />
=== References ===<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
{{Manufacturer Vickers-Armstrongs}}<br />
{{Britain heavy tanks}}<br />
{{Britain premium ground vehicles}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Independent&diff=154774Independent2023-02-11T16:12:48Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=uk_a1e1_independent<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} British heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.63 "Desert Hunters"]]. The A1E1, with its five turrets, serve as the instigator of the multi-turreted concept that spread to the Soviet [[T-35]] and the German [[Nb.Fz.|Neubaufahrzeug]].<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 28 mm (0-27°) || 13 mm ''Top'' <br> 13 + 10 mm ''Bottom'' || 13 mm (0-58°) || 8 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Main turret || 28 mm (6-48°) ''Turret front'' <br> 20 mm (6°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 28 mm || 28 mm || 8 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Secondary turrets || 13 mm (0-3°) || 13 mm || 13 mm || 8 mm<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, tracks are 20 mm thick.<br />
* Belly armour is 20 mm thick.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=478|rbMinHp=327}}<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|Ordnance QF 3-pounder (47 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The QF 3-pounder is a somewhat unique weapon, being one of the few guns you will come across in the British tree capable of firing shells with explosive filler, indeed armour-piercing high explosive (APHE) is the only ammo type available for it. The explosive filler gives the QF 3-pounder somewhat better damage than that of the far more common [[QF 2-pounder (40 mm)|QF 2-pounder]], however this comes at the cost of significantly worse penetration. The reload rate is also slightly slower than the QF 2-pounder, however it still fairly quick with a shortest possible reload of 3.0 seconds (compared to 2.8 seconds for the QF 2-pounder).<br />
<br />
The penetration of the QF 3-pounder is adequate although being lower than that of the QF 2-pounder you may find some targets harder to deal with than you were expecting. Although having fairly good damage the gun is often still not powerful enough to kill some larger tanks with a single shot.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[Ordnance QF 3-pounder (47 mm)|47 mm Ordnance QF 3-pounder]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 201 || rowspan="2" | -4°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Shoulder|up to 10 km/h}} || 8.1 || 11.2 || 13.6 || 15.0 || 16.0 || rowspan="2" | 3.90 || rowspan="2" | 3.45 || rowspan="2" | 3.18 || rowspan="2" | 3.00<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 5.9 || 7.0 || 8.5 || 9.4 || 10.0<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{{:Ordnance QF 3-pounder (47 mm)/Ammunition|Shell Mk.I}}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<!-- '''Last updated:''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! 7th<br>rack empty<br />
|-<br />
| '''201''' || 181&nbsp;''(+20)'' || 166&nbsp;''(+35)'' || 151&nbsp;''(+50)'' || 136&nbsp;''(+65)'' || 121&nbsp;''(+80)'' || 106&nbsp;''(+95)'' || 91&nbsp;''(+110)''<br />
|-<br />
! 8th<br>rack empty<br />
! 9th<br>rack empty<br />
! 10th<br>rack empty<br />
! 11th<br>rack empty<br />
! 12th<br>rack empty<br />
! 13th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
|| 76&nbsp;''(+125)'' || 61&nbsp;''(+140)'' || 46&nbsp;''(+155)'' || 31&nbsp;''(+170)'' || 16&nbsp;''(+185)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+200)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Note''':<br />
<br />
* Turret empty: 181&nbsp;''(+20)'' shells.<br />
<br />
==== Optics ====<br />
The Independent has poor optics, a default magnification of x1.85 is the joint worst in the game (many other tanks have x1.85 optics, but no tank has less); and the maximum magnification of x3.5 is only marginally better than the minimum possible value of x3 (for balance reasons all tanks have at least x3 maximum magnification). Although the optics are objectively poor they are somewhat typical for tanks of this era, and many of the tanks the Independent will face have the same (or very similar) magnification values.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} [[Optics]]<br />
|-<br />
! Which ones<br />
! Default magnification<br />
! Maximum magnification<br />
|-<br />
! Main Gun optics<br />
| x1.85 || x3.5<br />
|-<br />
! Comparable optics<br />
| colspan="2" | [[Nb.Fz.]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|Vickers (7.7 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[Vickers (7.7 mm)|7.7 mm Vickers]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Front left || 4,000 (250) || 390 || -10°/+15° || -130°/+40°<br />
|-<br />
| Front right || 4,000 (250) || 390 || -10°/+15° || -40°/+130°<br />
|-<br />
| Rear left || 4,000 (250) || 390 || -3°/+15° || 0°/+130°<br />
|-<br />
| Rear right || 4,000 (250) || 390 || -3°/+15° || -160°/0°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
<br />
'''Gameplay Overview:'''<br />
<br />
The A1E1 Independent is a large and somewhat slow tank that has a fairly unique playstyle. The multiple turret design is rare, with only a few other vehicles having this feature. Unfortunately, the independent's turrets are only armed with machine guns, meaning they will not be useful against most enemies. However, the large size and multiple turret design allows the Independent to survive large amounts of enemy fire. This is not because it has armour capable of bouncing enemy shells, but because it is exceptionally difficult for enemies to knock out all of the crew. The crew count can be considered a sort of health bar, while on low crew the Independent will be easily destroyed. The firepower is decent, but may struggle in many scenarios. The 3 pounder cannon is one of few guns in the British tree that fires APHE, but it suffers from low velocity and an unreliable fuze. The independent is best used as a heavy tank, trying to get close to enemy tanks, and tank damage for friendly tanks.<br />
<br />
'''Close Range Engagements:'''<br />
<br />
At close range the Independent is at an advantage against most foes. The survivability allows it to tank multiple hits from enemies. So long as you are able to destroy the enemy tank within the first few shots, you have the advantage.<br />
<br />
'''Long Range Engagements:'''<br />
<br />
Long range engagements are not the strong suit of the Independent. The Independent's gun is unreliable at range, and some enemies will be able to slowly incapacitate the Independent's crew, until it is destroyed. At range, make sure to use cover and not overexpose the tank, as your crew members are your most valuable asset.The turret armour may be able to bounce shots at range.<br />
<br />
'''Notable Enemies:'''<br />
<br />
There are several tanks that the Independent may encounter near its BR that pose a serious threat to it. These tanks are dangerous because they are able to quickly destroy the Independents' biggest asset, the large crew count. One example is the [[Ho-Ro]] which can knock out the entire tank in a single hit due to its large artillery cannon. Similarly, the Panzer II series can quickly cut through the crew of an Independent with their [[KwK30 (20 mm)|KwK30]] and [[KwK38 (20 mm)|KwK38]] cannons.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* 47 mm gun is adequate<br />
* Large ammo reserve<br />
* One available ammo type makes it easier to use for beginners<br />
* It has explosives in the AP rounds, very rare in British vehicles<br />
* Like other large tanks (e.g. T-35, T-28 and SMK) it is a very complex vehicle to destroy with plenty of turrets, big tracks and curvy/angled parts to soak up rounds and 8 crew members to boot<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Very long tank, hard to hide side from flankers and maneuver in tight corners<br />
* Only one ammo type<br />
* Armour is quite thin<br />
* Vulnerable to 20 mm autocannons. In many ways they are more effective than normal cannons due to their high rate of fire<br />
* APHE is inconsistent due to vehicles the Independent will be facing in general have less than 25 mm of armour<br />
* Crew members are near each other, making a single penetrating shot deadly<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
===Development===<br />
During the interwar period, British General Staff requested for a heavy tank design in 1924. The project, undertaken by an engineer named Walter Gordon Wilson, was designed by the Armstrong Siddeley engineering group. The finished prototype model was delivered to War Office in 1926. The design of the tank, named '''"Independent"''', was a multi-turreted design with a total of five turrets. The one in the center held a 3-pounder 47 mm gun while the other smaller turrets at the main turret's corner held Vickers machine guns. The tank can hold 8 crew members, a driver, four machine gunners, and three in the turret. It was around 28 tons and 25 feet long, despite being only 8 feet wide. This length caused some early problems as the tracks were too thin for the width, causing the rear sprocket wheels to peel the vehicle design as it continues to turn. W.G. Wilson attempted to fix this with an epicyclic steering system, but the tracks still wore out quickly. A unique feature on the Independent was a small opening on the left side of the tank that allowed for the placement of a stretcher for wounded crew members inside the tank to be pulled out from. <ref name="TankMuseumA1E1YT">The Tank Museum. ''Tank Chats #24 A1E1 Independent. (3:00)'' YouTube. YouTube, 05 Aug. 2016. Web. 21 Nov. 2016.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wSwd7IcY9KA Video]</ref><br />
<br />
During the development and testing process, the Independent design was a item of espionage by the international community. Plans of the design ended up in the Soviet Union and in Germany, with a British officer named Norman Baillie-Stewart court-martialled for supplying secrets to the Germans, including the Independent plans. This espionage influenced several tank designs from these countries, with the [[T-28]] and [[T-35]] in the Soviet Union and the [[Nb.Fz.|Neubaufahrzeug]] in Germany.<br />
<br />
===Cancellation===<br />
The Independent was tested by War Office all the way until 1935, but it was a troublesome design. Most of the tests focused on its automotive performance, not even passing along to gunnery trials. The Independent was also used in a officer school for recommendations and examinations. The only model built, the prototype, was deemed worn out in 1935 as the War Office saw no need to spend more money on the design when other vehicles were being produced. They retired the Independent and sent the model to the Bovington Tank Museum, where it sits today for display.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_a1e1_independent Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|gR3JPNt0iPw|'''Heavyweight brits''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 1:14 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|RyA5KcS2hAw|'''Multi-turreted Tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 3:37 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|x8LVKOlnQdE|'''The Shooting Range #31''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 06:37 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|wSwd7IcY9KA|'''Tank Chats #24 Vickers A1E1 Independent''' - ''The Tank Museum''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role<br />
<br />
* [[Nb.Fz.]]<br />
* [[T-35]]<br />
* [[Ro-Go]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/news/4253-development-a1e1-independent-a-land-ironclad-en/|[Devblog] A1E1 Independent - A Land Ironclad]]<br />
<br />
=== References ===<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
{{Manufacturer Vickers-Armstrongs}}<br />
{{Britain heavy tanks}}<br />
{{Britain premium ground vehicles}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Churchill_VII&diff=152503Churchill VII2023-01-27T08:37:15Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = British heavy tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| usage = other versions<br />
| link = Churchill (Family)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=uk_a_22f_mk_7_churchill_1944<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}_AddArmour.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png|ArtImage2_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (or just '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.55 "Royal Armour"]] along with the rest of the initial British Ground Forces Tree. A lumbering beast made of pure steel, the Churchill Mk VII is the epitome of a "walking giant" which you do not want to have staring down at you. With 152 mm of armour, it is one of the most heavily protected tanks in Rank III, even if its firepower seems pitiful for such a tank.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
<br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour<br />
* Cast homogeneous armour (Machine gun port, Driver's hatch, Turret)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 152 mm (1°) ''Front plate'' <br> 57.15 mm (66-67°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 139 mm (24°) ''Lower glacis'' <br> 102 mm ''Machine gun port'' || 95 mm || 50.8 mm (1°) ''Top'' <br> 25.4 mm (64°) ''Bottom'' || 15.875 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 152 mm (1-20°) ''Turret front'' <br> 152 mm (1-54°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 95.25 mm || 95.25 mm (0-1°) || 20 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Cupola || 152 mm || 152 mm || 152 mm || 20 mm<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick while tracks are 30 mm thick.<br />
<br />
If you are using vehicle below 4.7 BR do not attempt to fire at the Churchill Mk VII at the front (unless you have a very high penetration shell for your cannon). There is no benefit of attempting to penetrate the Churchill Mk VII from its front without aiming for thinner sides or weak points, that 152 mm of armour will chew up shells like nothing. The saving grace is that the Churchill has a gun that belongs to Rank II and low top speed, so it is possible to outmanoeuvre it in the terrain. Flank the tank to get a good shot on its weak side armour. Eliminate the turret crew to immobilise their firepower, then move in for the easy points.<br />
<br />
Side armour of the hull and turret's sides and flat parts of frontal armour are the most significant weaknesses on the Churchill, as their effective thickness is much lower. It is also technically possible to penetrate the roof if an enemy tank's profile is high enough. The turret is entirely bare, and a hit could disable the entire turret crew, losing half of your total crew. For this reason, Churchill VII needs armour and smoke upgrades as soon as possible.<br />
<br />
A hit in the hull is a hit or miss, but it seems that a hit there is also likely to hit your tracks and suspensions, which would mitigate the round if it caught it. The rear of the vehicle is also vulnerable, but if an enemy can come around and smack the Churchill from behind, even with all the allies and smoke screens around, it probably wasn't your day anyway.<br />
<br />
As with other Churchill tanks, a single rocket to the engine deck is often fatal for this tank due to the irremovable ammo racks.<br />
<br />
It is also worth noting that installing additional track armour makes ammo rack weak spots extremely obvious for people who know about it, although anything below SPG grade cannon will likely fail to penetrate until the track gets destroyed by concentrated fire. However, the tracks are a must-have to bolster frontal hull and side turret armour, so this upgrade should be used regardless for their benefits.<br />
<br />
The long leading tracks often glitch out and fail to stop a shell which hits them from the front at flat angle, so it is entirely possible to get knocked out with a single shot through them even by an [[AMX-13 (FL11)]]. This is surprisingly common, especially in AB, and so correct angling is always effective.<br />
<br />
For all these reasons, Churchill VII must always drive at an angle and slightly turn away its turret from opponents after shot, and in Arcade mode it must always smoke up the battlefield, whether their teammates will be mad or not. Angling vehicle makes Churchill VII nearly invulnerable to vehicles below battle rating 5.0, while smoke screens blind opponents and make firing at weak spots and judging attack angle near to impossible, which prolongs tank's life significantly. To reduce amount of teammate's frustration generated by spamming smokes, you'll have to try to land them in such way, that teammates can still see something from the sides, but effectively disabling aim assist and direct sight between you and your enemy.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 452|rbMinHp= 310|AoAweight= 0.5}}<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|OQF Mk.V (75 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[OQF Mk.V (75 mm)|75 mm OQF Mk.V]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 84 || rowspan="2" | -12°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 19.42 || 26.88 || 32.64 || 36.10 || 38.40 || rowspan="2" | 6.50 || rowspan="2" | 5.75 || rowspan="2" | 5.30 || rowspan="2" | 5.00<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 14.28 || 16.80 || 20.40 || 22.56 || 24.00<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{{:OQF Mk.V (75 mm)/Ammunition|M72 shot, M61 shot, M48 shell, M89}}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<!-- '''Last updated: 2.23.0.51''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''84''' || 71&nbsp;''(+13)'' || 51&nbsp;''(+33)'' || 31&nbsp;''(+53)'' || 16&nbsp;''(+68)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+83)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes''':<br />
<br />
* Racks disappear after you've fired all shells in the rack.<br />
* Pack 16&nbsp;''(+68)'' shells to keep most of the hull empty.<br />
<br />
==== Optics ====<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} [[Optics]]<br />
|-<br />
! Which ones<br />
! Default magnification<br />
! Maximum magnification<br />
|-<br />
! Main Gun optics<br />
| x3 || x6<br />
|-<br />
! Comparable optics<br />
| colspan="2" | [[VFW]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The first tank in Heavy Tank British tech line to have X6 scope. It will not get any better than this until rank VI, so get used to it - it will be the same across entire tech tree for a while with SPAA being the only exception.<br />
<br />
At rank III, this scope is slightly or moderately superior to most medium and heavy tanks, but do not expect to outrange German SPG as they have same optics or even better.<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|BESA (7.92 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[BESA (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm BESA]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Coaxial || 9,450 (225) || 600 || N/A || N/A<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
The Churchill Mk VII is a slow and manoeuvrable turtle, you're not going to break any speed records, but rest assured that if the frontal armour is facing toward the enemy, most of their shells are not able to penetrate the front of the hull and turret at your BR and below. In an uptier, you really should avoid enemy SPGs and to be careful with medium tanks, as they can destroy or fatally cripple the tank, even when you are angled.<br />
<br />
The 75 mm gun may not be able to easily take on some of the tanks you may encounter at the rank, but with the high degree of protection, you can leisurely take your time picking out the weaknesses of your enemy to deal precise blow as you hear their rounds bounce off of your frontal armour. With the best ammunition, you can defeat or annoy even other heavy tanks without having to drive close to them. If the enemy team is using open topped SPGs like [[M36 GMC]], [[Pvkv m/43 (1946)]], [[8,8 cm Flak 37 Sfl.]], [[Pvkv II]] and such, start firing HE - the main gun can fire as often as each 5 seconds and HE can destroy any of them in one hit almost anywhere regardless of range via overpressure, while they do not expect you to deal any at all, meaning that ironically the weakest gun around can be the strongest if underestimated enough.<br />
<br />
If nothing else, the Churchill VII can take a lot of smoke shells and make its opponent's life much worse, by driving up to capture points and smoking down snipers and passages, then proceed to blind fire at those unfortunate enough to be close to it. No matter what, do not let the enemy land a straight shot at you. In downtier, they may struggle with you for a long time even if you got surrounded.<br />
<br />
When encountering enemies in close quarters, different considerations are to be made depending on the type of tank and what they bring to the battlefield. Don't stay in the same spot for too long, keep moving and "hull-dancing" to make it harder for your enemies to shoot at a weak spot such as the MG port or the thin roof armour. Beware of enemies trying to flank and shoot at your sides. It is recommended to research the "Add-on armour" modification as soon as possible. You can also resort to a lesser extent to sidescraping and angling.<br />
<br />
'''Germany'''<br />
<br />
German tanks always pose a threat. Almost every German tank you'll face is armed with the long barrel 75 mm gun, which can penetrate the Churchill Mk VII from the front with the APCR shot (unangled). Even worse, you may face dedicated SPGs such as the Dicker Max with its 105 mm gun. When using Pzgr.rot it will be deadly and will slice through your armour. Also, the Panzer IV/70(V)/(A) a terrifying threat. They carry the same gun as the Panther and will be able to penetrate you under 1,000 m easily. Luckily, common German tanks like the Panzer IV can be easily penetrated by your 75 mm gun. The same cannot be said for their tank destroyers: the Jagdpanzer 38(t), Jagdpanzer IV and the Panzer IV/70(V) or (A). They have thick, sloped armour and will easily bounce your hits. The Panther A, D and G have stock rounds that can penetrate up to 192 mm of armour, enough to take you out. It is recommended to rally and team up with other tanks that have better firepower while you soak up the damage. As for Tiger Is, it can penetrate you at point blank range but you won't be penetrating any Tiger beyond 100 metres.<br />
<br />
'''USSR'''<br />
<br />
Soviet tanks can be tough enemies to take on. Tanks in the T-34 line have sloped armour and are highly mobile. Early models with the 76 mm gun will not be able to penetrate you. They will try to go around the sides and to your rear. The T-34-85 is more of a threat, but even the 85 mm gun will not be able to penetrate your frontal armour unless aimed at your machine gun port. The SU-85 is less of a threat with slightly less mobility and no turret. The thing about the Soviets is that they love their big guns, in particular, the KV-2 and the SU-152 with their massive 152 mm howitzers. Their HE shells alone will prove devastating to the Churchill, which has very thin top armour. Expect your game to very suddenly end when you come across either of these vehicles.<br />
<br />
The Soviets also have very useful heavy tanks. You can come upon some slightly awkward stalemates when facing vehicles like the KV-1 ZiS-5. You will struggle to penetrate their armour, and they will fight to penetrate yours. Stalemates are a common situation with Churchill Mk VII. It is important to have back up so that you can soak up damage for your teammates with more powerful guns, and to protect you from being overwhelmed if the KV brought more tanks to flank you. You may also encounter IS-1s which you will struggle to deal with. Soviet tanks are frustrating to deal with. Their armour is sloped, and you will often have to aim for weak spots with your 75 mm gun. If the armour is not sloped, it is usually too thick to penetrate. This is easier said than done in some circumstances.<br />
<br />
Special notes for the [[IS-2 (Family)|IS-2]]: it carries a very deadly cannon that can knock out literally anything with a single shot, including the Black Prince. Its 122 mm gun can easily go through your frontal hull and turret, subsequently knocking out everyone inside. The best way to avoid that is to angle your hull so that your long, large tracks cover up the frontal hull, exposing your angled side and luring the IS-2 into firing at your side armour. The side armour of the Black Prince resembles the Churchills' which are quite complex, with some weird internal structures soaking up lots of shells, increasing your survivability. Against an IS-2 1943, aim at the hull armour that curves and blends into the side, or the turret cheeks. Its crew are closely packed and even the British solid shells can knock them all out at once. Against a 1944 model, only shoot at its turret as the hull is quite strong.<br />
<br />
'''Japan'''<br />
<br />
As a whole, Japanese tanks are easier to deal with. Their armour is quite thin and usually quite easy to penetrate. Tanks to note are the Chi-To and Chi-Ri II. They can penetrate 155 mm of armour at 100 m, which is just enough to get through your frontal armour. The Na-To is also a threat with its APCR, which can penetrate you frontally under 500 m. Finally, the low-rank Ho-Ro is dangerous, with its powerful 150 mm howitzer, but not many people will be using it at this rank.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Thick frontal armour (152 mm) makes it impervious to all kinetic shells at its BR<br />
* The 75 mm gun is effective at close-range combat and can be armed with utility shells<br />
* Able to smoke up the entire battlefield in a matter of seconds if necessary<br />
* Ability to pivot steer<br />
* Balanced weight dispersion leads to amazing hill-climbing capabilities<br />
* Great gun depression allows for firing over hills from relative safety<br />
* Gunsight zoom is high, so aiming for weak spots is easier<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Poor mobility: speed is capped at 20 km/h, slow acceleration, subpar -3 km/h reverse, and cannot scale obstacles properly<br />
* Is very long, harder to navigate through confined spaces (e.g. urban maps)<br />
* Inadequate firepower: 75 mm AP shells lack explosive filler, have slow velocity, curved trajectory, weak spalling and low penetration<br />
* Still has frontal weak spots: machine gun port both on the hull and turret are only 50 mm thick<br />
* Turret side armour is weak<br />
* Extremely vulnerable to coordinated flanking, as penetrations to the sides typically cause catastrophic damage to ammo racks located below the turret<br />
* Requires good coordination with a team to unlock full potential<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
<br />
===Development===<br />
The General Staff specification ''A20'' was implemented before World War II and was meant to replace the [[Matilda III]] and [[Valentine Mk XI|Valentine]] infantry tanks. The specification was based around the British infantry tank doctrine, and with the expectation that the coming war would be based on the World War I trench warfare. Thus the tank was needed to travel across unfavourable terrain and able to destroy enemy defences and infantry obstacles. As speed and heavy firepower were not taken with priority, the vehicle was to have two 2-pounder guns on side sponson mounts with a coaxial machine gun, with another machine gun and smoke dischargers on the front hull, armour was about 60 mm on the turret. Four prototypes were made by June 1940 by Harland and Wolff. The front hull would see an upgrade in armament with a 3-inch howitzer during the prototype stages, the 43-ton tank had a 300 hp Meadows engine from the Covenanter tank and was made the tank underpowered. The A20 project was cancelled with the Battle of France, which saw the emergency evacuation of the British Expeditionary Force from Dunkirk that left a majority of their heavy equipment behind.<br />
<br />
The Battle of France proved that the coming World War II was not going to be a stagnant battlefield like the trench warfare from World War I. The entire concept had to be redesigned and was done so by Henry Merrit, the director of Tank Design at Woolwich Arsenal. His new concept, the '''A22''' or '''Infantry Tank Mark IV Churchill''', was given to Vauxhall Motors in June 1940. War Office requested that the A22 be ready to enter production within the year due to the growing pressure of a German invasion of Britain. The designs were prepared in July 1940, and the prototypes were made by December of the same year, production soon followed in June 1941. The rushed development was acknowledged in the company to being the cause of many faults and defects in the tank, but the demand by the government was so high that it must be carried out, with the expectation that the issues will be fixed during production. The Churchill tank suffered from an underpowered engine, weak armament, and mechanical problems. The weak weapon from a 2-pounder was replaced with the arming of a 6-pounder on the Churchill, but the other issues caused poor performance of the Churchill in the battlefield. The Churchill production was almost cancelled in favour of the [[Cromwell V|Cromwell]] due to its issues, but its usage in the Second Battle of El Alamein proved its value and kept it in service.<br />
<br />
The Churchill would carry on the rest of the war as one of the most versatile tank design in British service, serving in many specialist roles other than its tank role. Altogether, a total of 7,568 Churchill units produced from 1941 to 1945, with 5,968 as tanks.<br />
<br />
===Variants===<br />
The Churchill, used in a multitude of roles, is made into many different variants. Twelve different kinds of tank variants were produced for combat roles, with 11 more variants in specific roles ranging from armoured personnel carrier, a bridge-layer, mine clearer, a [[Gun Carrier (3-in)]], flamethrower tank, and an armoured recovery vehicle.<br />
<br />
===Combat usage===<br />
The Churchill tank was first used in the Dieppe Raid in August 1942. While it was a test on how an opposed landing would work, the 60 Churchill tanks to support the Canadian units suffered from mechanical issues, and those that did work are not able to penetrate past the sea wall due to impassable defences. None of the Churchill tanks that landed returned from the beaches and with a 70% casualty rate, the raid's attempt to establish a beachhead was a failure.<br />
<br />
The next use of the Churchill was in North Africa during the Second Battle of El Alamein. At this point, the Churchills have been upgraded to the [[Churchill Mk III|Mk.III]] variants with 6-pounders as their main armament. The detachment, code-named "King Force", help supported the 7th Motor Brigade in their attack. The Churchills were fired upon by many German anti-tank weapons, but none were taken out with only one receiving noteworthy damage. "King Force", as a test bed for the feasibility of Churchills operating in the desert environment, was disbanded with the establishment of the 25th Army Tank Brigade with the Churchills to see action in February 1943 in Tunisia. In the German offensive Operation Ochsenkpf, two Churchill Mk.III from the 51st Royal Tank Regiment came across an entire German transport column that they ambushed. The result was a loss of twelve artillery pieces, 25 wheeled vehicles, two [[Panzer III]]s and 200 casualties on the British side with no losses. The Churchill also played a crucial role in the Battle of Longstop Hill, where Churchill tanks in the 48th Royal Tank Regiment faced off with Germany's newest heavy tank [[Tiger H1|Tiger I]]. Though suffering losses, a lucky 6-pounder shot from the Churchill ended up jamming the Tiger's turret and turret ring that injured the crew, forcing them to abandon the tank. The Tiger tank was captured by the British for intelligence purpose on Germany's armoured forces. The Tiger Tank is named Tiger 131.<br />
<br />
After the North African campaign, the Churchill began to see widespread usage in the British army as a support unit for the infantry. The Churchill saw much more operation hours than any other British tank in service. It was at this point that the Churchill Mk.III began conversion into the 75 mm guns that were used on the American [[M4]] Sherman tanks. These conversions, known as NA75, were a resourceful solution for increasing the firepower of the Churchill tanks using readily available equipment. Some Churchills were also converted into close support vehicles with 95 mm howitzers as their main armaments. In response to the growing German anti-tank firepower in the later years of World War II, the Churchill tanks were also upgraded in armour by a large degree, though their engines were also upgraded to compensate for the additional weight. The [[Churchill Mk VII]], for example, has armour ranging up to 152 mm thick in the front, in comparison to the Mk.III 89 mm thick front hull. The Churchills also saw service in Europe during Operation Overlord. At the time, it was considered that the Churchill would become severely outdated with the growing tank technology, so an experimental program under specification A43, otherwise known as the [[Black Prince|Black Prince]], to up-armour and up-gun the Churchill. While this experimented seem fruitful, the development of more agile tanks with the same level of protection and armament such as the [[Centurion Mk 1|Centurion]] rendered the project obsolete.<br />
<br />
The Churchills were also given out to the Allies to help combat the Axis forces. The Australian Army received a handful of Churchills for testing alongside the M4 Sherman with the Matilda II as the basis, to which proved that the Churchill was superior in jungle warfare. Of the 510 Churchills ordered by the Australians in the war, only 46 arrived in time and were not used in the Pacific War; the rest were cancelled with the end of World War II. The USSR also used the Churchills given by the British as part of the Lend-Lease act. 301 Churchills were sent, but 43 were lost to the sea by German naval forces. Of those that arrived, the Soviets gave the Churchills to the 5th Guards Tank Army in the Battle of Prokhorovka during the Kursk Offensive.<br />
<br />
After World War II, the Churchill stuck around in the British Army until the Korean War, where the British sent the Churchill Crocodile Squadron (C squadron of the 7th Royal Tank Regiment) to Korea to fight with the Allied coalition. They fought as gun tanks in battle such as the Third Battle of Seoul. The Churchills were instrumental in some victories and were widely praised by both British and American forces and historians. After the Korean war, the Churchills remains in combat service until 1952, with the specific bridge-layer variant staying until the 1970s. The Irish Army also received three Churchill tanks in 1948 and another in 1949 as rentals until 1954, where they were purchased after trials with the vehicles. Despite running out of spare parts for the Churchill, the Irish Army took them in and experimented with using different engines to keep them functional, though this ended with failure and by 1967, only one was still functional. All were retired in 1969, and one was preserved at the Curragh Camp.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_a_22f_mk_7_churchill_1944 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|gR3JPNt0iPw|'''Heavyweight brits''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:06 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|gxIVvUZGptw|'''The Shooting Range #51''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 03:14 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role<br />
<br />
* [[KV-1 (ZiS-5)]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/devblog/current/845/|[Devblog] A22B Сhurchill Mk.III and A22 Churchill Mk.VII (with developers answers)]]<br />
<br />
{{TankManufacturer Vauxhall}}<br />
{{Britain heavy tanks}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Sd.Kfz.251/9&diff=146955Sd.Kfz.251/92022-12-01T02:46:00Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = German tank destroyer '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| usage = other versions<br />
| link = Sd.Kfz.251 (Family)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=germ_sdkfz_251_9<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Sd.Kfz.251-9.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Fire and Ice"]].<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''<br />
<br />
'''Armour type:''' <!-- The types of armour present on the vehicle and their general locations --><br />
<!-- Example: * Rolled homogeneous armour (Front, Side, Rear, Hull roof)<br />
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Transmission area) --><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' <br> ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' <br> ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm<br />
|-<br />
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Notes:''' <!-- Any additional notes which the user needs to be aware of --><br />
<!-- Example: * Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick, tracks are 30 mm thick, and torsion bars are 60 mm thick. --><br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''<br />
<br />
{{tankMobility}}<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|K51 L/24 (75 mm)}}<br />
<br />
''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[K51 L/24 (75 mm)|75 mm K51 L/24]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 38 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+16° || rowspan="2" | ±14° || rowspan="2" | N/A || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
The available ammunition offers a wide range of shells to engage all types of targets:<br />
<br />
* '''K.Gr.rot Pz.''': APCBC; a slow shell with explosive filler mass that will knock out any tank with a single shot but has an average penetration power.<br />
* '''Hl.Gr 38B''': HEAT; a shaped charge with good penetration and without penetration loss over distance. Only penetrates flat vertical surfaces but the post-penetration damage is very effective on open and lightly armoured vehicles.<br />
* '''Hl.Gr 38C''': HEAT; a shaped charge with increased penetration over the previous shell. Very useful against heavily armoured targets.<br />
* '''Sprgr. 34''': HE; useful for destroying open and lightly armoured vehicles.<br />
* '''K.Gr.Rot Nb.''': Smoke; useful to blind enemy vehicles that are too remote for you to disable so that you can progress towards objectives.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| K.Gr.rot Pz. || APCBC || 52 || 50 || 45 || 39 || 34 || 30<br />
|-<br />
| Hl.Gr 38B || HEAT || 80 || 80 || 80 || 80 || 80 || 80<br />
|-<br />
| Hl.Gr 38C || HEAT || 100 || 100 || 100 || 100 || 100 || 100<br />
|-<br />
| Sprgr. 34 || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| K.Gr.rot Pz. || APCBC || 385 || 6.78 || 1.2 || 14 || 102.4 || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| Hl.Gr 38B || HEAT || 450 || 4.57 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 872.1 || 62° || 69° || 73°<br />
|-<br />
| Hl.Gr 38C || HEAT || 450 || 4.8 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 875.5 || 62° || 69° || 73°<br />
|-<br />
| Sprgr. 34 || HE || 420 || 5.74 || 0 || 0.1 || 686 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics<br />
|-<br />
! Ammunition<br />
! Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! Projectile<br>mass (kg)<br />
! Screen radius<br>(m)<br />
! Screen deploy time<br>(s)<br />
! Screen hold time<br>(s)<br />
! Explosive mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
|-<br />
| K.Gr.Rot Nb. || 423 || 6.2 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks Sd.Kfz.251-9.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<!-- '''Last updated: 2.21.1.30''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''38''' || 33&nbsp;''(+5)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+37)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes''':<br />
<br />
* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.<br />
{{Clear}}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''<br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
*<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Open-topped, vulnerable to HE, artillery and aircrafts.<br />
* A single shot can knock out the driver, gunner and loader at once, leaving you vulnerable<br />
<br />
*<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.''<br />
<br />
{{Germany tank destroyers}}<br />
[[Category:Half-tracks]]</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Sherman_Vc_(Italy)&diff=145863Sherman Vc (Italy)2022-11-15T09:12:05Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| usage = other versions<br />
| link= M4 Sherman (Family)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=it_sherman_vc_firefly<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Starfighters"]]. One of the most famous Sherman modifications in World War II, the Firefly introduces the potent [[Ordnance QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|17-pounder]] anti-tank gun as the main armament of the Sherman platform, presenting a very drastic increase in firepower over the original [[M3 (75 mm)|75 mm gun]]. This variant, the VC, was based off the chassis of an M4A4 Sherman.<br />
<br />
The Sherman Firefly is easily distinguishable by its very long gun, even compared to the Shermans with the American 76 mm guns. The muzzle brake on the cannon is also in a spherical shape rather than a horizontal rectangular shape so that is a distinction between the 76 mm cannon and the 17-pounder. The hull is resemblant to that of the [[M4|M4 Sherman]] although lacking the bow machine gun (it's actually based off an M4A4). The turret is also very similar, although the radio sticks out of the back in a bustle.<br />
<br />
This tank should be the supporting line in both offensive and defensive actions, providing flanking fire, long-range fire, or fast and accurate fire to the target while the heavy tanks take up the brunt of the defense. The tank is as mobile as the M4 Sherman, so picking up speed to get around the enemy is not hard. Those familiar with a M4 Sherman control will pick up on this tank very easily. While this tank is also capable of being the frontal attack unit for an assault, it is strongly advised to not due to the thin armour of the tank, necessitating the users to always get the first shot off in an encounter, otherwise the enemy will be able to destroy the Firefly easily. For a conservative, almost TD-like role, it can also perform, destroying tanks from afar.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull)<br />
* Cast homogeneous armour (Transmission area, Turret)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 50.8 mm (55°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 50.8 mm (7°) ''Driver's port'' <br> 50.8 mm (1-53°) ''Transmission area'' || 38.1 mm || 38.1 mm (22-23°) ''Top'' <br> 38.1 mm (1°) ''Bottom'' || 19.5 mm <br> 12.7 mm ''Engine deck''<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 76.2 mm (8-44°) ''Turret roof'' <br> 50.8 + 88.9 mm (1-54°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 50.8 mm (2-38°) || 50.8 mm (2-67°) ''Turret rear'' <br> 50.8 mm (1°) ''Radio box'' || 25.4 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Cupola || 50.8 mm || 50.8 mm || 50.8 mm || 25.4 mm<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, bogies are 10 mm thick, and tracks are 20 mm thick.<br />
* Belly armour is 12.7 mm thick.<br />
* The bow machine gun area has been welded shut with armour, but is only 25.4 mm thick so may present a viable weakness to weaker enemies.<br />
* Unlike the armour on the American Rank III Shermans which saw itself upped from 50.8 mm to 63.5 mm, the British Firefly in Rank III retains the old 50.8 mm base armour thickness on the front hull, as well as the protruding driver and co-driver hatches in front. This makes the Firefly a much more vulnerable Sherman tank than even the American versions, a trade-off for its more powerful armament.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=659|rbMinHp=376}}<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|QF 17-pounder (76 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|76 mm QF 17-pounder]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 80 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 22.8 || 31.6 || 38.4 || 42.5 || 45.2 || rowspan="2" | 7.67 || rowspan="2" | 6.79 || rowspan="2" | 6.25 || rowspan="2" | 5.90<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 14.3 || 16.8 || 20.4 || 22.6 || 24.0<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
<br />
* '''Shot Mk.6:''' {{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}} - Standard penetrating round, use until better rounds are unlocked.<br />
* '''Shell Mk.1:''' {{Annotation|HE|High-explosive}} - It is ideal for destroying SPAA and lightly armoured tanks, but useless against anything else.<br />
* '''Shot Mk.4:''' {{Annotation|APC|Armour-piercing capped}} - Cap for better grip against sloped armour.<br />
* '''Shot Mk.8:''' {{Annotation|APCBC|Armour-piercing capped ballistic capped}} - Like Shot Mk.4 but with a ballistic cap for improved flight path, as well as better penetration.<br />
* '''Shot SV Mk.1:''' {{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}} - Highest armour penetration of any shot, but has worse spalling effect.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 171 || 168 || 155 || 139 || 126 || 113<br />
|-<br />
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 171 || 168 || 155 || 139 || 126 || 113<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 190 || 187 || 172 || 155 || 140 || 126<br />
|-<br />
| Shot SV Mk.1 || APDS || 228 || 226 || 207 || 189 || 159 || 134<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 883 || 6.98 || 0 || 0.1 || 580 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot SV Mk.1 || APDS || 1,204 || 2.48 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics<br />
|-<br />
! Ammunition<br />
! Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! Projectile<br>mass (kg)<br />
! Screen radius<br>(m)<br />
! Screen deploy time<br>(s)<br />
! Screen hold time<br>(s)<br />
! Explosive mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
|-<br />
| 17pdr Shell SS Mk.1 || 229 || 8.44 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_Sherman_Firefly.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the [[Sherman Firefly]] (identical)]]<br />
<!-- '''Last updated: 2.17.0.42''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''80''' || 61&nbsp;''(+19)'' || 41&nbsp;''(+39)'' || 21&nbsp;''(+59)'' || 6&nbsp;''(+74)'' || 4&nbsp;''(+76)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+79)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|L3A1 (7.62 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Pintle || 800 (200) || 577 || -10°/+15° || ±180°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[L3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L3A1]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Coaxial || 5,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
Shoot and scoot. Unless the enemy's tank gunner has been knocked out (black only), cannon breech has been disabled (red/black), or cannon barrel is disabled (red/black) that inhibits the enemy's ability to fire back, don't expose the tank after firing. Always try to retreat back into cover to reload. Once reloaded, preferably pop out of an area different from the last firing position and take another shot. Make sure to eliminate the enemy's ability to fire back by destroying their cannon breech and traverse gears, or incapacitate their driver and gunner again if they were replaced. During this whole process, watch out for other enemy tanks and avoid being swarmed. With situational awareness combined with the correct usage of the map, the Firefly becomes a decent tank capable of effectively fighting every medium and heavy tank it faces.<br />
<br />
The Firefly can excel at vaporizing tanks that have clustered crew, like StuGs, SUs, T-34s, KVs, and even Panzer IIIs and IVs. The post-penetration affect of the Firefly's shells after the AP buffs allow it to decimate those tanks. However, it is recommended to still shoot from afar, as all of these tanks can destroy the Firefly easily.<br />
<br />
Definitely do not play too aggressively. The huge weakness of the 3/4 crew in the turret is almost always pointed out immediately, because it's a huge issue. A good hit either means a quick trip back to the hangar, or a lengthy crew replenishment time in AB. But this ignores the fact that the tank is just a huge glass cannon, as any shot anywhere will likely cripple the tank.<br />
<br />
The Sherman Firefly can dish out the punishment necessary for heavy tanks, but can't take it. Don't expose the tank towards enemy fire too long due to the thin armour on the Firefly in comparison to other tanks such as the Soviet [[T-34-85]]s and the German [[Panther D|Panthers]]. Take a shot, preferably from a flanking location, then retreat into cover regardless of the shot's effect on target, because if the target could swing its gun towards the Firefly, or have friends that could hit it, consider writing off the Firefly very soon. This varies between different enemies, as going against something like the [[KV-2 (1939)|KV-2]] would be different than going against a [[Tiger H1|Tiger I]].<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Uses the tried and tested Sherman chassis. Experienced players will find this tank easy to use.<br />
* Very fast turret traverse speed.<br />
* The 17-Pounder gun, which can penetrate every single tank it faces, although newer players may struggle against the Panther.<br />
* APDS rounds with excellent penetrating capabilities<br />
* Fast reload even with untrained crew.<br />
* 77 rounds maximum.<br />
* Fast and very mobile.<br />
* Has .50 cal AA machine gun that's unique among other vehicles as it can rotate for 360°.<br />
* Has no side bulges unlike the Premium version.<br />
* Post penetration damage tends to be enough to knock out crews when clustered together, such as on the T-34 series or turrets.<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Armour of a [[M4|M4 Sherman]], very thin for a Rank III vehicle<br />
* Large profile<br />
* Only 5 ready-rack shells +1 on the gun, resulting in a much longer reload after depleting<br />
* 4 crew members, 3 of which are clustered in the turret, making it easier to knock out<br />
* Bad gun depression of only -5 degrees<br />
* Gun post-penetration damage is decent with the AP buffs, but still won't always knock out a tank in one hit<br />
* Smart enemies will shoot the spot where the radio operator gunner usually sat, as in the Firefly, that spot is replaced by ammo (unless carrying 54 rounds)<br />
* Lacks [[Add-on Armor|additional armour]], unlike its British counterpart<br />
* Reverse speed is bad<br />
* Like all vehicles armed with early version of the 17-pounder gun, it will struggle before it has the Shot Mk.8<br />
* Stock AP round is painful to use. It fragments poorly, bounces often and does very little damage unless hitting ammo or modules<br />
* Unlike other Shermans, it doesn't have access to a gun stabilizer and thus the gun sight will rock up and down on a sudden stop<br />
* Traverse is mediocre, and bad when its stock<br />
* Insufficient mobility when stock<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
<br />
{{main|Sherman_Firefly#History|l1=History of the Sherman Firefly}}<br />
<br />
=== In Italian Service ===<br />
[[File:Sherman Vc (Italy) .png|thumb|Impression of an Italian Sherman VC during military exercises]]<br />
The Firefly first saw action in Italy in British, American, and Polish hands in the Italian Campaign in 1944, but were ceased since heavy German armour proved to be a challenging opponent for the Firefly. After WW2, Italy was supplied with tanks by the US and UK, such as the [[Sherman Firefly]] (designated as [[M4 Tipo IC]] or M4 Tipo VC depending on the variant) and [[M24 (Italy)|M24 Chaffee]], which were commissioned in 1947. At that time, Italy created the first nucleus for the formation of a tankers school, and on the 1st of October officially formed the Military School Organization.<br />
<br />
The M4 Tipo VCs were decommissioned and scrapped in 1952.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_sherman_vc_firefly Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|lwRfZ-Y_NLk|''' The Sherman Vc Medium Tank (Italy)''' - ''Orangefan''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Vehicles equipped with the same gun & turret<br />
<br />
* [[Sherman Firefly]]<br />
* [[Sherman IC "Trzyniec"]]<br />
* [[M4 Tipo IC]]<br />
<br />
;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role<br />
<br />
* [[M4A1 (76) W]]<br />
* [[M4A4 (SA50)]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.''<br />
<br />
{{TankManufacturer Department of Tank Design}}<br />
{{Italy medium tanks}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Crusader_AA_Mk_I&diff=110280Crusader AA Mk I2021-09-04T06:53:42Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = British SPAA '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| usage = other variants<br />
| link = Crusader (Family)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=uk_crusader_aa_mk_1<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British self-propelled anti-aircraft gun {{Battle-rating}}. It was released along with the initial British tree line in [[Update 1.55 "Royal Armour"]]. Compared to the [[Crusader AA Mk II|Mk II variant]], the Mk I features a single 40 mm Bofors auto-cannon as its main armament. While it means a reduced rate of fire compared to the faster firing 20 mm Oerlikon auto-cannons, the 40 mm can cause devastating damage if it hits an aircraft.<br />
<br />
In comparison to its predecessor and other 40 mm contemporaries like the American [[M19]], the Crusader AA Mk I unfortunately has some disadvantages. The single 40 mm cannon means that it cannot fire as fast as the 20 mm auto-cannons on the predecessor or have the fire density of the dual-cannons on the M19. Thus, accuracy is important to conserve what little ammo the SPAA can hold and to make sure that airplane gets hit.<br />
<br />
The Crusader AA Mk I is meant to be a SPAA, meaning it must stay away from the front lines or else it will easily be destroyed by the enemy. Instead, stay at least a good distance from the fighting and stay in cover, hopefully in an area where the gun has full 360° view of the whole sky to knock out any airplane attempting to strafe your allies.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 20 mm (33°) ''Front plate'' <br> 9 mm (85°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 20 mm (27°, 61°) ''Joint plate'' <br> 20 mm (65°) ''Lower glacis'' <br> 18 mm (1°) ''Driver's Port''|| 14 + 14 mm || 14 mm (14°), 12 mm (51°) ''Rear plate'' <br> 14 mm (44-46°) ''Engine grille'' || 7 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 30 mm (36°) || 12 mm (14-15°) || 12 mm (19°) || N/A<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels and tracks are 15 mm thick.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=483|rbMinHp=301}}<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|Bofors (40 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="6" | [[Bofors (40 mm)|40 mm Bofors]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 160 (8) || rowspan="2" | 120 || rowspan="2" | -6°/+70° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 35.22 || 48.75 || 59.20 || 65.47 || 69.65 || rowspan="2" | 0.65 || rowspan="2" | 0.57 || rowspan="2" | 0.53 || rowspan="2" | 0.50<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 23.80 || 28.00 || 34.00 || 37.60 || 40.00<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
<br />
* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}} - These work fine, a hit on an aircraft means certain death for it and still is able to hurt ground vehicles, especially if it is side into the side of a enemy tank. These seem like a good I don't know what i will run into belt.<br />
* '''Mk.II:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}} - These mean certain death for aircraft, what should be used for AA work.<br />
* '''M81A1:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}} - These are the worst belts against airplanes. however, they are able to hurt ground vehicles especially if it is side into the side of a enemy tank. If you plan on killing tanks load this and flank, since side shots are almost a necessity.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Default || 72 || 69 || 58 || 47 || 38 || 30<br />
|-<br />
| Mk.II || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3<br />
|-<br />
| M81A1 || 72 || 69 || 58 || 47 || 38 || 30<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Belt details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Mk.II || HEFI-T* || 874 || 0.86 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 63 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| M81A1 || AP-T || 874 || 0.88 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''20''' || 17&nbsp;''(+3)'' || 13&nbsp;''(+7)'' || 9&nbsp;''(+11)'' || 5&nbsp;''(+15)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+19)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
<br />
Despite being an SPAA vehicle, the Crusader struggles in an AA role. The gun is slow firing and fires at quite a low velocity, meaning that you will struggle to target fast moving enemy aircraft. Granted, a single hit will often spell doom for an enemy aircraft. Therefore, it is important to hide and wait for an opportune moment to open fire on an enemy aircraft. A low flying aircraft within 1km, flying at low speed, should be easier to hit. However, higher ranked and faster planes will can be a much harder target to his with the slow turret traverse for tracking and the slow fire rate of the gun.<br />
<br />
The Crusader AA Mk I can also serve in an anti tank role. With armour piercing rounds, the Crusader performs better than most SPAA in this role. With 76 mm of penetration, you can penetrate the frontal armour of light and some medium tanks and the side or rear armour of some heavy tanks. Poor post penetration damage means that you will need to target various sections of an enemy tank in order to destroy it. Some tanks will be almost invulnerable to your rounds, and while tanks KV-1 ZiS-5 can be dealt at point-blank range on the side or rear, there are many other heavy tanks that the 40 mm cannon will not penetrate.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Fast speed of the Crusader light tank<br />
* 40 mm Bofors auto-cannon can heavily damage aircraft if the Mk.II shell contacts<br />
* Tall turret armour makes aircraft require to be a near vertical angle to hit the crew inside with machine guns<br />
* Though thin, the turret armour is enough to protect the Crusader from anything up to 20 mm cannons on German aircraft<br />
* Offers more protection to the gunnery crew than its German competitors<br />
* AP shells have enough power to penetrate some tank armour, like the Panther's sides<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Very little armour, especially the AA turret<br />
* Cannon slot in front turret armour allows machine gun bullets to go through and injure/kill the crew<br />
* Against attacker and bombers, 40 mm cannon is not a one-hit kill and repeated contact is necessary<br />
* Exposed top leave crew vulnerable<br />
* Slow firing gun<br />
* Slow muzzle velocity<br />
* Limited ammo, which could be a problem since the gun requires leading of shots<br />
* Will be serving as a primary British SPAA until the [[Falcon]], leading to having to track and fire against some of the fastest piston engine aircraft in the game and early jets, which are very difficult targets for the gun<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
<br />
===Development===<br />
In 1938, the General Staff of the British Army requested for a cruiser tank that was lighter and more affordable than the heavier A16 cruiser design developed by Nuffield Mechanizations & Aero. One of these designs was the designation ''Tank, Cruiser Mk.V'' based off the [[A13 Mk I|A13 cruiser tanks]], named the "Covenanter", and Nuffield was invited to become part of its development team, but they refused due to interest in developing their own cruiser tank. Their tank was designated the '''Tank, Cruiser Mk.VI Crusader''' and fell under the General Staff specification of ''A15''. The Crusader was a parallel design to the Covenanter, but was ready six weeks earlier than the Covenanter despite starting at a later time. The Crusader was adopted into service with the British Army in 1941 and the 5,300 units were manufactured between 1940 to 1943.<br />
<br />
===Design===<br />
The Crusader features a new design that differs from its cruiser tank predecessors. The Christie suspension system on the Crusader had five road wheels for it instead of the usual four, which improves weight distribution of the increased 20 ton weight of the Crusader compared to the 14 tons of the A13 cruisers. The engine, steering system, and cooling system on the Crusader was different as well, but the Covenanter and Crusader use the same main turret. The polygonal shape of the turret gives the crew inside more room for the turret ring diameter.<br />
<br />
The Crusader Mk.I and ''[[Crusader Mk II|Mk.II]]'' were equipped with the 2-pounder, which was aimed by the gunner inside with a padded shaft that allows them to elevate the gun by simply adjusting his own height. Later in the war where an up-gun of the tank armament was necessary and newer tanks such as the [[Cromwell V|Cromwell]] was delayed, the Crusader was upgraded into the ''[[Crusader Mk III]]'' variant with a 6-pounder instead, which restricted turret space, requiring the turret crew to be reduced from three to two. These saw first action the Second Battle of El Alamein in October 1942.<br />
<br />
===Combat usage===<br />
The Crusader first saw action at North Africa, right after the British had been pushed back to the Egyptian border by Axis forces. The Crusaders were part of the huge shipment in the Malta Convoys to reequip the British forces there. Enough Crusaders arrive that the entire 6th Royal Tank Regiment was refitted with them, which joined up with the 2nd Royal Tank Regiment to form the 7th Armoured Brigade "Desert Rats". The brigade's first action was in Operation Battleaxe, though it was delayed due to adapting the tanks for the desert environment. The operation, which called for the relieve of the siege of Tobruk in June, was initiated in June to which 11 Crusader tanks were lost to anti-tank guns, plus many more to mechanical faults. While more Crusader tanks came in to reinforce the cruiser tank forces, there were never enough to supply the continuously expanding armoured units as 7th Brigade was combine with the 7th Hussars, the 2nd Armoured Brigade was added to the 7th Armoured Division, and the 8th Hussars was combined with the 4th Armoured Brigade. Overall, the Crusaders proved effective in the North African Campaign, the Crusader was faster than any tanks on the opposing side and the 2-pounder was lethal to the [[Pz.III J|Panzer III]], but the tank suffered from its thin armour, mechanical problems in the desert, and the growing deficiency of the 2-pounder, which didn't have enough range to destroy farther tanks. The Crusader design also caused the ammo racks on the tank to easily ignite due to unprotected racks and shot traps on the turret design. Anti-tank guns continue to be the main reason the Crusader units suffer losses, rather than to enemy tanks.<br />
<br />
By the end of 1941, only the 2nd Armoured Brigade retained the Crusaders, the rest of the other tank units were being refitted with better tanks, such as the [[Grant I|M3 Grant medium tank]] from the American Lend-Lease. Crusader units were also refitted with the more powerful Crusader Mk.III with the 6-pounder, which improved the Crusader's ability to destroy the gradually stronger German tanks. After General Bernard Montgomery took command of the British Army in 1942, more British tank units were reequipped with the Grant and [[M4|M4 Sherman]] tanks while the Crusaders were relegated from the front-lines to "light squadrons" meant to flank the enemy and attacked at its exposed sides. When the British 1st Army engaged the Axis at Tunisia, some tank regiments still use Crusaders mixed in with [[Valentine Mk I|Valentine tanks]]. These units in the 26th Armoured Brigade, code named "Blade Force", worked alongside the 78th Infantry Division as an independent armoured column. During Tunisia, the 1st Army was already converting the tank regiments into Shermans, but the 8th Army continued to use the Crusaders for much longer, which would see use at the Battle of Wadi Akarit and Mareth Line.<br />
<br />
After the North African Campaign, the Crusaders no longer saw any use in the front-lines and were used in other roles such as gun tractors with 17-pounders or anti-aircraft mounts such as the '''[[Crusader AA Mk I|Crusader AA Mk.I]]''' and ''[[Crusader AA Mk II|Mk.II]]'' Some Crusader tanks equipped the tank regiments that stayed back at the British Homelands such as the 11th Armoured Division.<br />
<br />
The AA Tank Mk. 1 was issued to artillery light anti-aircraft regiments starting with the landing in Normandy, but the Mark I's were withdrawn from service soon after D-Day due to the Allied air supremacy and lack of Luftwaffe targets meaning significantly fewer anti-aircraft weapons ended up being required.<br />
<br />
===Survivors===<br />
About 21 Crusaders still exist intact in various parts of the world. The most notable places with the Crusaders are South Africa with 8 known survivors, a running [[Crusader Mk III]] at Bovington Tank Museum at England, and an anti-aircraft version at Musée des Blindés in France.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Images<br />
<div><ul><br />
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Crusader AA Mk I in Normandy.jpg|left|thumb|Crusader AA Mk I in [[Normandy (Ground Forces)|Normandy map]]]] </li><br />
</ul></div><br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|j70UIeYGUok|'''Crusader AA Mk. I Tank Review <nowiki>|</nowiki> War Thunder'''<br>''By: NUSensei''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!--''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''--><br />
<br />
* [[Crusader AA Mk II]] - Preceding SPAA on similar chassis.<br />
* [[L-62 ANTI II]] - Swedish SPAA with similar construction of a 40 mm anti-aircraft gun on a light tank chassis.<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
;War Thunder associated<br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/devblog/current/855/|[Devblog] Crusader AA Mk.I and Crusader AA Mk.II]]<br />
<br />
;Other websites<br />
<br />
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/gb/Cruiser-MkVI_Crusader.php [Tanks-Encyclopedi<nowiki>a]</nowiki> Cruiser Mk.VI Crusader] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210511224314/https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/gb/Cruiser-MkVI_Crusader.php Web Archive])<br />
<br />
{{Britain anti-aircraft vehicles}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Ikv_73&diff=109970Ikv 732021-08-29T14:01:42Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=sw_ikv_73<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Starfighters"]] as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/6808-special-operation-s-u-m-m-e-r-2020-en|2020 Operation S.U.M.M.E.R.]] event.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
<br />
Armor protection on the Ikv 73 is average for its tier. While it is 55 mm thick, it is practically vertical. Angling your armor will not help, as the sides are only 30 mm in thickness. The turret armor is pretty much identical to that of the hull. The crew is very tightly packed, so a penetrating shot to the turret or hull is a guaranteed destruction.<br />
<br />
Although the best course of action in an Ikv 73 is to remain undetected, there will be times when taking a hit or two will be inevitable. In such a scenario, angle slightly towards the enemy with your front right corner (the one opposite the driver) and try to bait a shot to your right turret cheek (the one with the coaxial MGs). Early HEAT and HE projectiles, as well as the spalling from weaker APHE and Soviet shrapnel rounds, will likely be absorbed by the machine guns. Solid shot will be almost guaranteed to penetrate, but will only knock out the commander and machine gunner. Most shots to the rear engine deck will likely bounce due to the extreme sloping.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' <br> ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' <br> ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm<br />
|-<br />
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Notes:''' <!-- Any additional notes which the user needs to be aware of --><br />
<!-- Example: * Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick, tracks are 30 mm thick, and torsion bars are 60 mm thick. --><br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=582|rbMinHp=363|AoAweight=|abForwardSpeed=46|abMaxHp=717}}<br />
<br />
Mobility of the Ikv 73 is good; about the same as that of the Shermans or earlier Panzers. The tank swiftly accelerates to its top speed of 42 km/h (26 mph), and stops just as easily (though the tank tends to "drift" slightly when stopping mid-turn). The tank reverses at 5 km/h. The suspension damping allows for firing immediately after coming to a stop from full speed, though it is not powerful enough to allow for accurate fire while on the move. The Ikv 73 lacks neutral steering, but still turns about as quickly as its contemporaries.<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|kan m/41 (75 mm)}}<br />
<br />
''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[kan m/41 (75 mm)|75 mm kan m/41]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 59 || rowspan="2" | -15°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 13.21 || 18.28 || 22.20 || 24.55 || 26.12 || rowspan="2" | 7.67 || rowspan="2" | 6.79 || rowspan="2" | 6.25 || rowspan="2" | 5.90<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 8.92 || 10.50 || 12.75 || 14.10 || 15.00<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| slpprj m/40 || AP || 85 || 83 || 74 || 64 || 55 || 48<br />
|-<br />
| sgr m/40 || HE || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9<br />
|-<br />
| slpprj m/40B || APBC || 85 || 82 || 73 || 63 || 54 || 46<br />
|-<br />
| slpgr m/39 || APHE || 63 || 61 || 53 || 44 || 37 || 31<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| slpprj m/40 || AP || 580 || 6.6 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| sgr m/40 || HE || 570 || 6.43 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 580 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| slpprj m/40B || APBC || 590 || 6.3 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| slpgr m/39 || APHE || 580 || 6.5 || 1.2 || 9.0 || 260 || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics<br />
|-<br />
! Ammunition<br />
! Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! Screen radius<br>(m)<br />
! Screen deploy time<br>(s)<br />
! Screen hold time<br>(s)<br />
! Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
|-<br />
| rökgr m/22 || 496 || 6.6 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 8<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! 7th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''59''' || 50&nbsp;''(+9)'' || 48&nbsp;''(+11)'' || 36&nbsp;''(+23)'' || 28&nbsp;''(+31)'' || 16&nbsp;''(+43)'' || 4&nbsp;''(+55)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+58)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
Notes:<br />
<br />
* To go into battle with the turret empty of ammo, pack 48&nbsp;''(+11)'' shells (Racks 1 and 2 emptied).<br />
* To go into battle with the turret and the front hull empty of ammo, pack 28&nbsp;''(+31)'' shells (Racks 1 to 4 emptied).<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|ksp m/36 (8 mm)}}<br />
<br />
''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[ksp m/36 (8 mm)|8 mm ksp m/36]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Pintle || 2,000 (250) || 649 || -__°/+__° || ±180°<br />
|-<br />
| Coaxial || 2,000 (250) || 649 || -__°/+__° || ±__°<br />
|-<br />
| Coaxial || 2,000 (250) || 649 || -__°/+__° || ±__°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Has a machine gun on top that can rotate 360°<br />
* Excellent gun depression<br />
* APHE shell can cause devastating damage if it penetrates<br />
* Decent mobility<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Tall profile<br />
* APHE shell has poor penetration power<br />
* Low penetration gun will have trouble penetrating higher rank targets (KVs, Shermans, T-34s)<br />
* Main gun has quite low muzzle velocity<br />
* Armor is almost useless in higher rank battles<br />
* Slow reverse speed<br />
* Slow turret rotation<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=sweden&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=sw_ikv_73 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Images<br />
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150px"><br />
GarageImage Ikv 73 (S.U.M.M.E.R).jpg|"Arsenalen" Camouflage (S.U.M.M.E.R Reward Skin)<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|Mn0GudZA1LA|'''Should You Buy The IKV 73?''' - ''Sako Sniper''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
===Related Development===<br />
<br />
* [[Strv m/42 EH]]<br />
<br />
===Tanks of comparable role, configuration and era===<br />
<br />
* [[Pz.III J]]<br />
* [[Pz.III F]]<br />
* [[T-28]]<br />
* [[P40|P26/40]]<br />
* [[AMX-13 (FL11)]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
*[[wt:en/news/6810/current|[Development] Operation S.U.M.M.E.R. Infanterikanonvagn 73]]<br />
<br />
{{Sweden medium tanks}}<br />
{{Sweden premium ground vehicles}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Centurion_Mk_1&diff=109132Centurion Mk 12021-08-18T12:33:20Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = British medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| usage = other versions<br />
| link = Centurion (Family)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=uk_centurion_mk_1<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.67 "Assault"]]. It is equipped with the well-known British [[Ordnance QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|QF 17-pounder]] mounted on a new hull that definitively makes the Cromwell chassis outdated.<br />
<br />
This tank does not play like any of the preceding British vehicles: while its mobility is below average for a rank IV medium, it compensates with armour, meaning that you will actually be able to withstand frontal combat and return fire, even if you get hit. It is the first medium to feature the late-game British armour pattern: a strong turret, thick and well-angled upper-glacis, weak lower glacis and thin sides. British tankers must get used to this configuration since it is found on every following medium tank.<br />
<br />
The Centurion Mk 1 moves away from the familiar Cromwell chassis. While not being as fast or manoeuvrable, It does have sloped frontal armour, a strongly armoured turret, and a good QF 17-pounder gun with access to APDS.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret sides, Turret roof)<br />
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret front, Gun mantlet, Cupola)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 76.2 mm (58°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 76.2 mm (44°) ''Lower glacis'' || 51 (12°) + 6 mm || 38 mm (7°) ''Top'' <br> 38 mm (18°) ''Bottom'' || 29 mm <br> 8-14 mm ''Engine deck''<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 127 mm (2-58°) ''Turret front'' <br> 127 mm (6-40°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 76 mm (9-11°) || 76 mm (1°) <br> 38 mm (89°) ''Turret underside'' || 25 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 90 mm || 25 mm ''Outer ring'' <br> 19 mm ''Centre''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
*Tracks and suspension wheels are both 20 mm thick.<br />
*The steel boxes around the turret and hull give a 4 mm additional protection, though this seems to be a negligible addition.<br />
*Skirting are placed on the sides of the Centurion, giving an additional 6 mm of side protection and can act as spaced armour.<br />
*An internal structural plate of 17 mm thickness separates the forward ammo rack from the driver as seen in X-ray mode.<br />
*Another internal 17 mm structural plate with large openings separates the driving compartment from the fighting compartment.<br />
<br />
The {{PAGENAME}} is the first tank players will encounter in the British tech tree that sports a sloped hull front similar to the Panther, which with a thickness of 76.2 mm provides great protection for its battle rating, especially when the hull is angled slightly. Turret armour features 127 mm thickness throughout the front but features many flat areas that cannons of sufficient power will exploit to destroy the tank, especially since 3 out of the 4 crew members are located in the turret. Side armour can withstand auto-cannon fire with exceptions for HVAP rounds, so don't rely on it outside of that. If the situation becomes sticky and a tactical retreat is required, a single wide volley of smoke grenades launched from the turret can cover you from the line-of-sight.<br />
<br />
The main improvement from previous British mediums is its thick and sloped armour. Reaching 152 mm on the turret and a good 76 mm angled at 58° on the front hull, this tanks can actually block point-blank shots from most cannons it will face like the Russian [[D-5T (85 mm)|D-5T]], the Japanese [[Type II Model II (75 mm)|Type II 75 mm]] and even some German guns at 500 m. This tank can actually expose its upper glacis since it will bounce most shots. This tank still has weak spots though: gun and MG mantlet are "only" 127 mm thick, barely angled and lower glacis are 76 mm at 44°, meaning close-range shots will eventually penetrate. It also has thin side armour, meaning that the tank is vulnerable to flank attacks and compound angling cannot be done effectively without exposing the sides. These traits mean that the {{PAGENAME}} can happily stand up most frontal shots at this rank.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=984|rbMinHp=562}}<br />
<br />
The Centurion easily reaches its top speed of 39 km/h on almost any ground, due to its wide tracks and a good engine, even at stock performances. It also has a refreshingly good reverse speed (~13 km/h) (compared to the dreadful reverse speed of tanks on the Cromwell chassis) and can turn on the spot quite fast.<br />
<br />
Compared to the many Cromwell based tanks before the Centurion, it does lose out on a great forward speed, only being able to reach 41 km/h (AB) / 37 km/h (RB) maximum, but in return it does receive great reverse speed of 13.4 km/h (AB)/12.1 km/h (RB), allowing for tactics that would not be recommended with the Cromwell like "Peek-a-boos". It also retains good maneuverability, effective neutral steering, and a very acceptable acceleration due to good power-to-weight ratio.<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|QF 17-pounder (76 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The gun does not fire any shells with explosive filler, meaning that pinpoint accuracy is needed to get reliable kills (aiming for important modules, crew, or ammo racks). This canon's reload rate is faster than average at this BR, meaning you will be able to land 2 shots before your enemy can even fire. After having depleted the ready rack of 5 shells, the reload time increases so be mindful when shooting. As any other tanks equipped with the [[Ordnance QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|QF 17-pounder]], you will have to grind through subpar AP, APBC and APCBC shells before getting APDS. This last type of shell helps make accuracy quite easy and remains effective at long ranges while not being too costly in terms of silver lions.<br />
<br />
A minor issue to notice is that the machine gun has very poor elevation and is loader-controlled, meaning that it cannot target even low flying aircraft and that it will be disabled once you lose two or more crew members.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|76 mm QF 17-pounder]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 75 || rowspan="2" | -12°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 17.14 || 23.72 || 28.80 || 31.84 || 33.88 || rowspan="2" | 7.67 || rowspan="2" | 6.79 || rowspan="2" | 6.25 || rowspan="2" | 5.90<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 10.71 || 12.60 || 15.30 || 16.92 || 18.00<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 171 || 168 || 155 || 139 || 126 || 113<br />
|-<br />
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 171 || 168 || 155 || 139 || 126 || 113<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 190 || 187 || 172 || 155 || 140 || 126<br />
|-<br />
| Shot SV Mk.1 || APDS || 228 || 226 || 207 || 189 || 159 || 134<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 883 || 6.98 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 580 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot SV Mk.1 || APDS || 1,203 || 1.73 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics<br />
|-<br />
! Ammunition<br />
! Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! Screen radius<br>(m)<br />
! Screen deploy time<br>(s)<br />
! Screen hold time<br>(s)<br />
! Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
|-<br />
| 17pdr Shell SS Mk.1 || 229 || 8.44 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
<!-- '''Last updated: 1.101.0.109''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! 7th<br>rack empty<br />
! 8th<br>rack empty<br />
! 9th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''75''' || 74&nbsp;''(+1)'' || 73&nbsp;''(+2)'' || 68&nbsp;''(+7)'' || 38&nbsp;''(+37)'' || 30&nbsp;''(+45)'' || 22&nbsp;''(+53)'' || 14&nbsp;''(+61)'' || 6&nbsp;''(+69)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+74)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
The QF 17-pounder cannon fires single-piece ammunition stored in stowage racks in the hull floor and the hull front next to the driver.<br />
<br />
Notes:<br />
<br />
* Recommended ammo load is 38 to remove the large ammo rack at the front of the hull.<br />
* Ammo rack 9 is a ready rack, and takes priority in being filled at the beginning of the battle.<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|BESA (7.92 mm)}}<br />
<br />
Unlike many turret-mounted machine guns that are co-axial, this machine gun is mounted in pintle mount similar to hull-mounted machine guns, so it is able to independently traverse on its own to a degree, a trait that is shared with the Soviet T-28. This can provide a slight advantage when the turret ring is disabled, as it can allow more accurate fire without the need to move the turret/hull.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[BESA (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm BESA]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Coaxial || 3,375 (225) || 600 || ±7° || ±7°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
'''Overview:'''<br />
<br />
The Centurion Mk 1 is widely considered as the first Main Battle Tank, and plays in the role of a medium/heavy. The armour is satisfactory against most enemy weapons, although it should not be relied upon. The 17 pounder cannon is very effective against enemy armour, although its post penetration damage is lacklustre. The tank is not particularly fast, but is mobile, especially in reverse.<br />
<br />
'''Strategies:'''<br />
<br />
Centurion tank commanders should use cover and be careful for the majority of the time. When the opportunity arises, the Centurion can help lead the charge against enemy medium and heavy tanks. Centurion commanders should keep in mind that the APDS ammunition is unlikely to destroy enemy vehicles in one shot, so they may need to expose themselves to enemy fire for extended periods of time in order to secure a kill. Generally, the Centurion plays similarly to other medium tanks of the tier. It is best practice to angle the turret, but the hull should not be angled due to the thin side armour.<br />
<br />
In terms of engagement ranges, the Centurion works well at both long and short ranges. The issue with sniping in the centurion is that it is very difficult to secure kills with the lacklustre post penetration damage. Because of this, medium and short range engagements are preferable.<br />
<br />
'''Notable Enemies:'''<br />
<br />
At its BR, the Centurion faces many iconic German big cats like the Tiger I, the Panther and even the Tiger II. The Centurion is capable of going head to head with the big cats. The APDS rounds will slice through the Tiger I at most angles but one must be cautious of facing Tiger II, and can even penetrate the upper front plate of a Panther at close ranges. This round can even penetrate the Jagdpanther. It can also easily penetrate the hull of the IS-1 and early IS-2. Generally when firing at enemies, be careful to aim for the flat parts of the armour. APDS ammunition does not handle angled armour very well.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Fast firing 17-pounder armament with APDS rounds<br />
* Good gun depression of -12°<br />
* Tough round and sloped armour that is quite resistant to the 85mm, 76mm and even the German 88 mm (KwK 36) guns at medium/long range<br />
* Turret's top armour is thick, can resist most aircraft guns<br />
* Average mobility and decent manoeuvrability<br />
* Good reverse speed and neutral steering<br />
* Benefits greatly from the learning curve of the Comet I and Challenger, their players will find themselves at home when playing the Centurion<br />
* Mastering this tank will provide a good learning curve for the next Centurion variants<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Precision and knowledge of enemy tanks are required, because APDS localized damage<br />
* Large tank size, especially length<br />
* Weak side armour, angling the armour too much will result in the side armour being penetrated<br />
* Centurion Mk 1 is slow for a medium tank<br />
* Unlike its later iterations, no [[Gun stabilizer|gun stabilizer]]<br />
* Weak Lower Frontal Plate (LFP) ammo rack also present there, a weakness carried over to all British tanks onward<br />
* Top armour covering the engine is poor, only 8 mm<br />
* Only 6 shells available before the first order ammo rack is depleted, leading to a longer reload time<br />
* After the first ammo order is depleted, it becomes the longest reloading 17-pounder with roughly 10 seconds of stock reload<br />
* Frontal turret cheek armor is flat<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
<br />
===Design===<br />
In 1943, the British War Office mandated the Directorate of Tank Design to start working on a new heavy cruiser tank. The requirements stated that the new tank should be capable of withstanding a direct hit from the infamous German 88 mm gun, while providing greater protection against mines as well as staying under the 40-tons limit imposed by logistical constraints. The tank also had to offer a good cross-country capability when offroad, a high reverse speed was required but not a high forward top speed. The new project, called A41, had to surpass the Comet tank in all areas except the main armament for which the 17-pdr gun was still deemed effective enough to deal with enemy tanks.<br />
<br />
===Development===<br />
Early in the development, it became clear that the 40-tons limit imposed by logistical constraints (transport trailers, Bailey truss bridge, etc.) could not be held if the other requirements were to stay the same (armour and turret size). The limit was raised to 50 tons and the tank's maximal size for railway bridges and tunnels was also scrapped.<br />
The hull was designed larger, welded and with sloped armour. The turret was made of thick cast armour, with the sides sloped and overall wider than previous tanks to fit the 17-pdr gun and 3 crew members.<br />
Inside the hull was installed a Rolls-Royce turbojet, the engine found on the Gloster Meteor.<br />
The suspension was changed to a Horstmann suspension to reduce its size and encroachment while allowing for modular maintenance in the field.<br />
Prototypes for evaluation arrived in Belgium less than a month after the end of WW2 in Europe and manufacturing began later in 1945.<br />
The new A41 tank was subsequently designated the Centurion. During its test phase, it demonstrated better performance than the Comet in all areas and was adopted by the British Army.<br />
<br />
===Combat usage===<br />
The Centurion Mk 1 never saw combat and was quickly upgraded to Mk 2 and 3 with the introduction of the 20-pdr gun.<br />
The first Centurions to see combat were British and Canadian Centurions Mk 3 in Korea in the 1950s where the tank gained its laurels and became a major export success.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_centurion_mk_1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|I5sGIacZ5jU|'''Centurion Mk1 Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|XThuUn_3u30|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review - APDS Only''' - ''Napalmratte''|HsiYQG4dKaQ|'''British Blitzkrieg - {{PAGENAME}} Review''' - ''MikeGoesBoom''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Vehicles equipped with the same gun and ammunition<br />
<br />
* [[Challenger]]<br />
* [[Black Prince]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/news/4515-development-centurion-mk-i-a-tank-for-a-new-era-en|[Devblog] Centurion Mk I: A Tank for a New Era]]<br />
* [[wikipedia:Centurion (tank)|[Wikipedia] Centurion]]<br />
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/UK/FV-4200_Centurion <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> FV4007 Centurion]<br />
<br />
{{Britain medium tanks}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=F6F-5&diff=108467F6F-52021-08-07T11:36:49Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = American naval fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| usage = other uses<br />
| link = F6F (Family)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=f6f-3<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
|cockpit=cockpit_f6f-3.jpg<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27, starting out as the '''F6F-3 ''Hellcat''''' and was remodeled and updated to the '''F6F-5 ''Hellcat''''' in [[Update 1.65 "Way of the Samurai"]].<br />
<br />
The Grumman F6F ''Hellcat'' was used extensively in the Pacific Theater of WWII. The Hellcat was the ultimate answer against extremely manoeuvrable Japanese [[A6M2|Zeroes]]. This plane greatly outperformed the Zero when taking advantage of high speeds and altitudes. The ''Hellcat'' can carry versatile payloads which will allow it to be utilized in various operations to include ground attack.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Flight performance ===<br />
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.'' --><br />
Due to its role as a naval fighter, the F6F-5's take-off distance is small enough to take flight from the carrier decks seen in the game.<br />
<br />
Powered by a high-output Pratt & Whitney engine, the F6F-5's flight performance centres around this powerful engine combined with a sturdy fuselage. While the bulk makes the plane quite sluggish compared to some of its contemporaries, the characteristics are still favourable for energy retention. This makes the plane very favourable for Boom-n-Zoom tactics against enemies.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"<br />
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics<br />
! colspan="2" | Max Speed<br>(km/h at 5,730 m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude<br>(metres)<br />
! colspan="2" | Turn time<br>(seconds)<br />
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb<br>(metres/second)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run<br>(metres)<br />
|-<br />
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB<br />
|-<br />
! Stock<br />
| 620 || 599 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 21.6 || 22.4 || 8.9 || 8.9 || rowspan="2" | 239<br />
|-<br />
! Upgraded<br />
| 681 || 647 || 19.4 || 20.5 || 17.7 || 12.6<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Details ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | Features<br />
|-<br />
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear<br />
|-<br />
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ <!-- ✓ --><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="7" | Limits<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)<br />
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)<br />
! colspan="2" | Max Static G<br />
|-<br />
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -<br />
|-<br />
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 487 || 458 || 310 || ~12 || ~5<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)<br />
|-<br />
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator<br />
|-<br />
| < 450 || < 420 || < 420 || > 200<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="3" | Setting 1<br />
|-<br />
! Optimal altitude<br />
! 100% Engine power<br />
! WEP Engine power<br />
|-<br />
| 518 m || 2,000 hp || 2,248 hp<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="3" | Setting 2<br />
|-<br />
! Optimal altitude<br />
! 100% Engine power<br />
! WEP Engine power<br />
|-<br />
| 4,785 m || 1,800 hp || 2,023 hp<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="3" | Setting 3<br />
|-<br />
! Optimal altitude<br />
! 100% Engine power<br />
! WEP Engine power<br />
|-<br />
| 6,000 m || 1,650 hp || 1,855 hp<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
====Engine performance====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" | Engine<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="3" | Engine Name<br />
! colspan="3" | Number present<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="3" | Pratt & Whitney R-2800-10w 18-cylinder || colspan="1" | 1<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" | Engine characteristics<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" | Weight (each)<br />
! colspan="1" | Type<br />
! colspan="1" | Cooling<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="2" | 1,030 kg || Radial || Air<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" | Engine power (Stock)<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="1" | Mode<br />
! colspan="2" | Max<br />
! colspan="2" | Take-off<br />
|-<br />
| ''Arcade'' || colspan="2" | 1,823 hp || colspan="2" | 2,225 hp<br />
|-<br />
| ''Realistic/Simulator'' || colspan="2" | 1,803 hp || colspan="2" | 2,000 hp<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" | Engine power (Upgraded)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode<br />
! colspan="2" | Max<br />
! colspan="2" | Take-off<br />
|-<br />
| ''Arcade'' || colspan="2" | 2,074 hp || colspan="2" | 2,476 hp<br />
|-<br />
| ''Realistic/Simulator'' || colspan="2" | 2,053 hp || colspan="2" | 2,250 hp<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" | WEP Duration<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" | Arcade<br />
! colspan="2" | Realistic/Simulator<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="2" | 25 seconds || colspan="2" | 12 min, 10 seconds<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.'' --><br />
<br />
* 38 mm Bulletproof glass in front of the pilot.<br />
* 6.35 mm Steel plates behind the pilot.<br />
* 3 mm Steel plates front and rear of the oil cooling system.<br />
* 3 mm Steel plate on fuselage top in front of the pilot.<br />
* 3 mm Steel plates under engine and oil cooling system.<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
'''Recommendation:'''<br><br />
Performance and machine gun upgrade modules are a must. Unlocking the upgraded ammo belts well increase the lethality of this aircraft. This plane can be a powerful fighter in the right hands due to its performance. Unlocking the performance modules first to increase survivability.<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}<br />
=== Offensive armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe the offensive armament of the aircraft, if any. Describe how effective the cannons and machine guns are in a battle, and also what belts or drums are better to use. If there is no offensive weaponry, delete this subsection.'' --><br />
{{main|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:<br />
<br />
* 6 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (400 rpg = 2,400 total)<br />
<br />
The six machine guns are arranged in bundles of three on each wing. Each is armed with the same amount of ammunition, which means that all guns will fire with each other until empty.<br />
<br />
The M2 Browning variant on the F6F-5 Hellcat is that of an earlier version of belts.<br />
<br />
=== Suspended armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.'' --><br />
{{main|AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb)|HVAR|Tiny Tim|Mk.13-1 Case (1,927 lb)}}<br />
<br />
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:<br />
<br />
* Without load<br />
* 6 x HVAR rockets<br />
* 2 x Tiny Tim rockets<br />
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)<br />
* 6 x HVAR rockets + 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)<br />
* 1 x 1,927 lb Mk.13-1 Case torpedo<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
The key to both surviving and owning in the F6F is to keep your speed up and try to be even marginally higher than your opponents. Below 300 km/h (186 mph) it is very sluggish. As with most American fighters, Boom & Zoom is the preferred combat mode for the Hellcat, while its moderate high-speed manoeuvrability can be used to add in a high yo-yo. It has a lot of ammo, but a good aim is still important since boom-n-zoom only allows you a small window of opportunity to hit your target before you have to climb back to altitude. Still, this is an excellent aircraft to practice your aim and tactics with because it's more forgiving than most boom-n-zoom fighters. If you don't have a particularly good aim, a good tactic is to open up at 500 m (0.31 mi), starting with your aim on the aircraft, and then slowly move your aim in front of the target. You won't require as much lead when diving on your target at 600+ km/h (373+ mph).<br />
<br />
With dual 1,000 lb bombs and six HVAR rockets armed, the Hellcat is actually a stable game-ending platform in a pinch when the rest of your team is not ground-attacking. With the two 1,000 pounds of bombs and six HVAR or two Tiny Tim rockets, the F6F-5 Hellcat makes a great strike fighter. The two Tiny Tim Anti-tank rockets can also be good for taking out heavier targets. Sometimes, it is useful to save the Cat as your last plane just for that. You can always jettison the rockets and bombs if you're suddenly forced to dogfight, jettisoning the ordnance increases speed as well as climb rate, while also decreasing turn time.<br />
<br />
It is incredibly important to use Manual Engine Controls whilst piloting the Hellcat in Realistic or Simulator Battles. The Hellcat has access to three Supercharger gears, each tailored for a different altitude, and each will greatly improve your performance at their appropriate altitudes.<br />
<br />
You must climb as high as you can - altitude is life, and once you dive, you can't get it back. Once you're on the deck, you're toast.<br />
<br />
'''Keep in mind:'''<br />
<br />
* It has a lot of engine power, but at anywhere between 5.7 and 7 tonnes, getting up to altitude isn't very easy.<br />
* Resist the temptation to get into low-altitude turning fights. This is a heavy aircraft and it will lose a massive amount of speed in turns.<br />
* While it has plenty of explosive armament options, in Realistic and Simulator battles the added weight and drag will usually make you an easy target for other fighters. Since most air battles are basically dogfights, you're often better off without the extra weight.<br />
* This thing will perform reasonably well at low altitudes, but it's still recommended to stay at an altitude of 3 km or higher.<br />
<br />
=== Manual Engine Control ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="7" | MEC elements<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Mixer<br />
! rowspan="2" | Pitch<br />
! colspan="3" | Radiator<br />
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger<br />
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger<br />
|-<br />
! Oil !! Water !! Type<br />
|-<br />
| Not controllable || Controllable<br>Not auto controlled || Controllable<br>Not auto controlled || Controllable<br>Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable<br>3 gears || Not controllable<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* One of the few fighters that can carry a torpedo<br />
* Very effective in either air-to-air or air-to-ground, very versatile<br />
* Bombs are mounted directly under the fuselage, very accurate when dive bombing<br />
* Very good dive rate<br />
* Good cockpit visibility<br />
* Extremely efficient cooling systems<br />
* Lots of ammo<br />
* Cheap repair cost<br />
* Can take some hits<br />
* Decent at energy fighting, although not as good as the Bf 109 F-4<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Has to fly at a very low altitude at very low speed to drop the torpedo, which is impractical<br />
* Only 3 salvos of HVAR rockets (RB/SB)<br />
* Carrying the two 1000 lb bombs and the 6 HVAR rockets leads to a worse climb rate<br />
* Slower top speed compared to other contemporary US fighters<br />
* Higher stall speed than its Japanese counterparts<br />
* Poor climb rate<br />
* Control stiffening above moderate speeds<br />
* Poor roll rate<br />
* Large fuselage cross-section makes it an easy target<br />
* Guns mounted further on the wings making it harder to aim at a target that is smaller than you<br />
* Slow acceleration<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
The F6F Hellcat was Grumman's next fighter after the successful Wildcat. The F6F was designed from the start to be the ultimate answer against the Japanese Zero. The Hellcat was the planned replacement to the Wildcat since Pearl Harbor. The aircraft was designed from the start to be a much bigger airframe. The plan was to create a carrier-based fighter with more ammo, fuel, and larger wings. The XF6F-1 Prototype was already in the works when the U.S. officially entered World War II. Grumman engineers knew they would have to create an aircraft that was faster and climbed better based on combat experience and data collected from the A6M captured in the Aleutians. The prototype flew in June of 1942 and was powered by a Wright Cyclone R-2600. The aircraft's performance was not satisfactory. The decision was made to replace the power plant with the Pratt & Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp.<br />
<br />
The U.S. Navy needed a new carrier-based fighter. The Corsair and the Hellcat were both competing to fill that role. With delays in the F4U Corsair project, the Hellcat took the role as the primary fighter and never looked back. The new Hellcat excelled in nearly every way over the A6M Zeroes it faced. The Hellcat, unlike its opponents, featured self-sealing fuel tanks and additional armour. The Hellcat quickly gained nicknames like "ace maker". The payload options helped transformed the Hellcat into a multi-role fighter that propelled it to legendary status. During its service life, the F6F was credited with the destruction of over 5,200 aircraft. It remained in service as late as 1954.<br />
<br />
=== In-game description ===<br />
One of the best single-seater carrier-based fighters of World War II was the Grumman F6F-3 Hellcat. The Hellcat owes its existence to the long string of failures experienced by the F4U Corsair. The Corsair was meant to replace the F4F Wildcat, but the prototype was full of flaws, as were the first production models. So, it was decided that a modification of the F4F Wildcat would be designed to satisfy the needs of the U.S. Navy until the arrival of the Corsair. Thankfully, things did not go according to plan. The "temporary substitute" performed amazingly well against the A6M Zero and garnered too much praise to be cast aside. Production of the F6F continued well after the Corsair arrived and continued after the war. The F6F would still be active during many conflicts to come.<br />
<br />
The F6F-3 was known for its superb speed and above-average maneuverability, and, according to official statistics, Hellcats destroyed 5,156 enemy planes, 75% of all kills scored by the USA's naval air force in World War II.<br />
<br />
Production of the F6F continued until 1949, and 12,275 F6Fs (including 4,402 F6F-3s) were produced. The F6F was the most widely-used American carrier fighter in World War II.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=usa&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=strike_fighter&vehicle=f6f-3 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Images<br />
<br />
[[File:F6F-5 (Old Camo).jpg|thumb|none|300px|Old camouflage scheme of the {{PAGENAME}}.]]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|PNkoJ-MFERc|'''Best naval fighters''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 0:55 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/news/2627/current/|[Vehicle Profile] The F6F 'Hellcat']]<br />
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/341957-f6f-5-hellcat/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]<br />
<br />
{{AirManufacturer Grumman}}<br />
{{USA fighters}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=M24&diff=105822M242021-06-15T05:59:18Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = American light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| usage = other variants<br />
| link = M24 (Family)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=us_m24_chaffee<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced along with the rest of the initial American ground tree in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]]. The M24 Chaffee is a big improvement over the American light tank path from the [[M5A1|Stuart]] tanks, presenting a better driving handling and a 75 mm gun.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
The M24 Chaffee has thin armour on all sides, and can only effectively resist machine gun fire or very low-penetrating shells. Its crews are also very close to each other, increasing the chance of it getting one-shotted. The V-shaped gun mantlet might bounce some small caliber shells if you are lucky enough. However, don't rely on it as the rest of the tank is still poorly protected.<br />
<br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
*Rolled homogeneous armour<br />
*Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 25.4 mm (60°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 25.4 mm (44°) ''Lower glacis'' || 25.4 mm (13°) ''Front'' <br> 12.7 mm (13°) ''Rear'' || 12.7 mm (71-74°) ''Top'' <br> 19 mm (1-43°) ''Bottom'' || 12.7 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 38.1 mm (8-40°) ''Turret front'' <br> 38.1 mm (1-45°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 25.4 mm (17-26°) || 25.4 mm || 12.7 mm<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Cupola || 38.1 mm || 38.1 mm<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels and tracks are 15 mm thick.<br />
* Belly armour is 12.7 mm thick.<br />
* Gun barrel is 20 mm thick.<br />
* Gun breech is 300 mm thick in structural steel<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=459|rbMinHp=262}}<br />
<br />
The M24 travels at an average of 40 km/h on/off-road which is the average light tank speed. It also responds fast when reversing. Thanks to its short and wide tracks it is able to turn quickly. However the acceleration is poor, making it to feel sluggish when performing short range manoeuvres.<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|M6 (75 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The tank offers the 75 mm M6 gun, which only differs from the [[M4|M4]]/[[M4A1|M4A1]] Sherman's 75 mm M3 gun with its slower reloading rate due to the smaller confines of the M24 Chaffee. The shells come in handy for certain tanks; they generally penetrate armour very well. It is rare to experience a ricochet or be to unable to penetrate any armour.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[M6 (75 mm)|75 mm M6]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 48 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Vertical|up to 24 km/h}} || 22.85 || 31.62 || 38.40 || 42.47 || 45.18 || rowspan="2" | 8.45 || rowspan="2" | 7.47 || rowspan="2" | 6.89 || rowspan="2" | 6.50<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 14.28 || 16.80 || 20.40 || 22.56 || 24.00<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| M72 shot || AP || 91 || 88 || 78 || 67 || 57 || 49<br />
|-<br />
| M48 shell || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10<br />
|-<br />
| M61 shot || APCBC || 104 || 101 || 90 || 78 || 68 || 59<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| M72 shot || AP || 619 || 6.3 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| M48 shell || HE || 463 || 6.3 || 0 || 0.1 || 666 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| M61 shot || APCBC || 618 || 6.79 || 1.2 || 14 || 63.7 || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics<br />
|-<br />
! Ammunition<br />
! Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! Screen radius<br>(m)<br />
! Screen deploy time<br>(s)<br />
! Screen hold time<br>(s)<br />
! Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
|-<br />
| M64 || 381 || 6.9 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''48''' || 25&nbsp;''(+23)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+47)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M1919A4 (7.62 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The two machine guns on the M24 Chaffee are the good old [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|.50 cal M2HB]] and the [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]. The roof-mounted .50 cal can traverse 360 degrees and has great depression & elevation, posting a big threat to any plane that is flying too close to the M24. It has an unbelievable penetration of 31mm at 10m, meaning it can easily penetrate plenty of lightly armoured vehicles and even the side of some low rank medium tanks. The 7.62mm, on the other hand, can only efficiently damage exposed crews due to its low penetration.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Pintle || 1,000 (200) || 576 || -10°/+70° || ±60°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Coaxial || 1,800 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
The M24 ''Chaffee'' is a very good tank with a fairly interesting play style. Instead of being permanently stationed at a single point and continuously firing at an enemy, this tank offers impressive manoeuvrability and speed which allows it to perform impressive flanking manoeuvres. The M24 can travel at around 38 km/h forward and -25 km/h backwards. Its reverse speed is very good if a quick getaway by going backwards is needed. Thus, this tank excels at "peek-a-boo" tactics in which one hides behind a rock or other large piece of cover and repeatedly inches out to fire at an enemy.<br />
<br />
An extension of this "peek-a-boo" tactic is to also use the tank's mobility for "scoot-and-shoot" tactics by firing and then moving to another firing location so as to prevent enemy tanks and tank destroyers from accurately guessing range. This can be difficult, however, as you must be very versed in your own tank's ballistics to make shots as you will have to estimate range on the fly. Don't think this means firing on the move - if you are going faster than 16 km/h (10 mph), the stabilizer will not allow for accurate shots, and it is only a vertical stabilizer.<br />
<br />
'''Do not:''' Continuously shoot at a tank without backing up/moving. The vehicle's armour is very thin and will most likely be destroyed if it stays in one position and does not stop changing positions. Always try to get the first shot off in a head-on attack. The best shell to use is the M61 shell due to the new penetration calculator as it has advantage in almost every aspect than the M72 shell. You can try loading under 20 shells and you will be more survivable than players expect. <br />
<br />
Another way to go around is to flank the enemy. If attacking with a more direct approach, keep hidden behind a building or boulder and pop out every now and then to take a shot at the enemy. Also, prioritize targets who are busy fighting others and cannot retaliate. Usually, after the first shot, it may disable their tank depending on what it is. Disabling the enemy tank's crew, tracks, engine, etc. allows for retaliation without the risk of any incoming enemy shells.<br />
<br />
'''Enemies worth noting''':<br />
<br />
* Sd.Kfz.234 series: The M24, although agile, is still not the fastest tank at its rank. When your opposite team has Germany, you might want to reconsider the option of capping a point straight away, since the German Sd.Kfz.234 series are very likely to be there first. The [[Sd.Kfz.234/2|''Sd.Kfz.234/2'']] (also known as the Puma) is a turreted 8-wheel vehicle with a small profile, extremely high on-road speed and a powerful 50mm gun. But it cannot turn in place, has a very slow turret traverse and only 8mm of side hull armour, so a good tactic is to circle with it and utilise your stabiliser, fast turret and the piercing .50 cal. In an intense tank "dogfight", you might miss your shots. Don't worry, your reliable .50 cal got you! It can penetrate the sides, or even the front of the puma easily. The [[Sd.Kfz.234/3|''Sd.Kfz.234/3'']] and [[Sd.Kfz.234/4|''Sd.Kfz.234/4'']], although being equally deadly, are turretless. You can use some quick turns to avoid their guns or tear through the thin armour plate protecting their gunners with your .50 cal.<br />
* [[E.B.R. (1954)]]: this wheeled vehicle, just like the Sd.Kfz.234 series, is able to reach a remarkably high speed, especially on road. It is equipped with a deadly 75mm cannon with autoloader, dealing more fragmental damage than the Sd.Kfz.234's and can therefore easily one-shot the M24 most of the times. The tactics vary a bit, as the E.B.R also has way faster turret traverse, therefore you do not want to "dogfight" it like how you deal with a Puma. You need to be more careful and try to ambush it. Utilise your advantages well, you have superior gun depression, explosive-packed shells, lots of smoke grenades and, most importantly, a vertical stabiliser. <br />
<br />
* [[KV-1]], [[KV-IB (Germany)|KV-IB]], [[KV I C 756 (r) (Germany)|KV I C 756 (r)]]: The famous KV series can cause a bit of troubles too. They are well know for their well-protected hull and turrets. The M24 can manoeuvre to point-blank range, line up your gun so it's pointing dead flat at the armour and fire. The 104mm penetration of the M61 shell should punch a hole in the KV's armour with ease. If you are close enough but do not have the space to manoeuvre, shoot their gun barrel to prevent them from getting a shot off, then go for their turret ring or the vertical part on their gun mantlet, which is only 90mm. For the KV-1B, '''do not''' try and fire at its turret from the front and side, as they are 105mm thick and will never get penetrated. For the KV I C 756, aim for the cupola (50m) or the gun mantlet (50mm) to knock out the turret crew or the gun breech. Don't shoot at anywhere else, the shell won't penetrate.<br />
<br />
* [[Churchill Mk I]], [[Churchill Mk III]], [[Pz.Kpfw. Churchill (Germany)|Pz.Kpfw. Churchill]]: The Churchills, with their complex hulls and sturdy turrets, can be quite hard to penetrate at range. Again, maneuver as close to them as possible, the idea distance being no more than 200m. If they are angling their hull but facing their turret at you, only go for the turret. For the Mk I Churchills, aim at the near-vertical part of their rounded cheeks to ensure successful penetrations. For the Mk III and the German Churchill, also aim for their flat turret which is at most 89mm. The shell should go in easily and knock out most, if not all of the crew. Only when you are facing their hull without any angles should you shoot the hull, otherwise shoot the turret only, as their big tracks can easily get in front of the frontal hull. The side hull have multiple layers of armour, some of which are weirdly angled and can absorb plenty of shells.<br />
* [[M4A2]] / [[M4A4 (1st PTG)|A4]]: these Sherman tanks are widely used by over 3 nations that spread across both the Allied and the Axis side, so no matter which nation you play they can be quite tough to destroy in the hands of a skilled tanker. Given the rather weak penetration of your short 75mm gun, their hull can be almost impossible to penetrate when angled, hull down or 300m away. For a M4A4, there are 2 apparent bulges on the upper front plate, a penetration through there can guarantee a knock-out most of the times. But in case the opponent covers them up or when it's a M4A2, aim for the middle parts of the gun mantlet or the turret armour unprotected by the mantlet, you can at least make them defenseless. <br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Decent mobility: good top speed and great turning ability<br />
* Uses the same gun as the 75 mm Shermans: various shell types, great penetration & damage and excellent gun depression. M61 shell can easily one shot common tanks like the Pz.IV F, M4, Cromwell or even the [[Tiger H1]].<br />
* Fast turret traverse allows it to track agile targets easily<br />
* Low profile allows it to easily hide behind small bushes or rocks, increasing survivability<br />
* Equipped with a vertical plane stabilizer, allowing for more accurate shots on the move or shoot-n-scoot tactics<br />
* Pintle mounted HMG allows for air defense and some anti tank ability (eg. Marder III, Sd.Kfz.234 series, Breda 501, etc)<br />
* 13 smoke grenades allow escaping from dangerous situation for many times<br />
* Effective even in uptiers if used for flanking shots or hunting soft targets<br />
* Very fast reverse allowing it to retreat from danger quickly<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Low survivability: all-round thin armour and closely packed crews. Can get one-shot by common guns like 76 mm F-34 and 75 mm Kwk 40<br />
* Acceleration is rather sluggish, especially when stock or on soft terrains<br />
* On-road top speed is inferior to some wheeled vehicles like the [[Sd.Kfz.234/2]] and other light tanks on its BR<br />
* Shells drop dramatically at long distances, making distant / moving targets hard to shoot at<br />
* Reload time is pretty slow for a light tank<br />
* Low ammo count can be a problem in long games or RB/SB matches but not so low that ammo rack detonations are rare<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
===Development===<br />
As early as 1942, the light tanks [[M3 Stuart|M3]] and [[M5A1|M5 ''Stuart'']] have been seen as severely lacking in the modernizing design of tanks and how they fight. The armour was seen as insufficient and the [[M3 (37 mm)|37 mm gun]] was also deemed useless against even the standard German tanks like the [[Pz.III J|Panzer III]] and [[Pz.IV F2|Panzer IV]]. The system needed an upgrade, specifically a light tank that mounts the [[M3 (75 mm)|75 mm gun]] seen on the [[M4|''Shermans'']]. An attempt to mount a 75 mm gun on a ''Stuart'' was deemed inefficient as it reduced ammo stowage and left the armour too thin on the design.<br />
<br />
In April 1943, the U.S. Ordnance Department worked with Cadillac to start on a project for the new light tank, designated ''Light Tank T24''. The powertrain and transmission of the M5 ''Stuart'' were used with the ultimate goal of producing a vehicle weighing less than 20 tons. This left the vehicle with relatively thin armour to stay lightweight. At the time, a lighter 75 mm gun was developed for mounting on the [[B-25J-20|B-25 Mitchell bomber]] without sacrificing performance, and this was mounted onto the light tank in development. The tank used 410 mm wide tracks with a torsion bar suspension that greatly improves cross-country travel. The engine was a Cadillac 44T24 V-8 petrol engine. The chassis was designed with the expectation that it would be used as a basis of many different vehicle roles so it was called the "Light Combat Team". The light tank end design had a low profile at 9 ft. 1 in. height and featuring a crew of five with a three-man turret, an improvement over the two-man turrets of the Stuarts. The first finished vehicle arrived on October 15, 1943, and was deemed a success, starting a contract for 1,000 units that was later raised to 5,000 units. The vehicle was classified as the '''Light Tank M24''' and as the ''' ''Chaffee'' ''' by the British after US General Adna R. Chaffee, Jr., who helped develop some of America's earliest tank designs. The vehicle was produced by Cadillac and Massey-Harris from April 1944 to August 1945 with a total of 4,731 units produced.<br />
<br />
===Combat usage===<br />
The first batch of M24s reached the battlefields of Europe in November of 1944 and first assigned to the U.S. 2nd Cavalry Group in France. The M24 gradually entered widespread use by December 1944, some ''Chaffees'' went to the British to replace their ''Stuart'' tanks as well. The M24s were first used in the Battle of the Bulge with the 2nd and 42nd Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron sent to support the southern sector of the battle. The ''Chaffees'' were slow to enter use in the front-lines as even by the end of the war, some armoured division did not have the M24 light tanks. Despite that, the reception of the ''Chaffee'' was positive even though it may not have the firepower to fight the better German tanks like the [[Panther G|Panther tanks]]. The 75 mm gun gave the crew much more firepower than the earlier 37 mm. The light armour, though allowing the tank to pick up speed, was penetrable by most anti-tank weapons in service by Germany. The effect of the M24 ''Chaffee'' in World War II was deemed insignificant as it was not used in great numbers in comparison to the ''Stuarts'' in service since the start of the war.<br />
<br />
The M24 ''Chaffee'' served a greater role in the Korean War and were sent in large numbers to combat the North Korean Armoured Forces, however, they were severely under-gunned with their 75 mm cannon and the light armour was easily destroyed by the Soviet-supplied [[T-34-85]] tanks. Plus, the deficiency in crew training also contributed to the poor performance of the M24 against the North Koreans. Due to their inferiority, they were used as a delaying measure until better tanks like the [[M4A3 (76) W|M4A3E8 ''Shermans'']] and [[M26|M26 ''Pershings'']] could be brought in. Once with supports with these better tanks, the Chaffees were relegated to reconnaissance roles, where they served with better results.<br />
<br />
The M24, after being replaced in America by the [[M41A1|M41 ''Walker Bulldog'']], was sent to many other countries for use. The French Army deployed the M24s during their fighting in Indochina and famously in the Battle for Dien Bien Phu. Some M24s went to the hands of the ARVN in South Vietnam to support the troops during the Vietnam War. The Pakistani Army used them as well in 1971 against India during the Indo-Pakistani War. The M24 ''Chaffee'' was also adapted in different roles by using the chassis for different designs, such as the ''[[M19|M19 TGMC anti-air gun]]'' and self-propelled guns with the ''M37 105 mm HMC'' and ''M41 155 mm HMC''.<br />
<br />
The ''Chaffee'' had turned out to be one of the greatest light tanks the Allies developed during World War II. Though arriving too late to be a main turning factor for the war, the design has turned out to be so reliable that some countries like Uruguay still operate modernized versions. Austria has since retired its M24 fleet, but their turrets still serve on as bunkers.<br />
<br />
=== In-game description ===<br />
The experience of the M3 and M5 light tanks in the western desert proved that the era of light tanks with angular bodies and vertical suspension had come to a close. In 1943 work began on a completely new tank with the popular Hydromatic transmission and a carburetor engine made by Cadillac. The assignment, outside of strengthening the armament, was to keep the maximum weight below 18 short tons. As a result, a new hull with heavily sloped armour plates was developed. The turret gained a streamlined look with 37 mm armour.<br />
<br />
The running gear was made up of five rubber-coated weight-bearing wheels and three supporting rollers in addition to forward, leading, and rear guiding wheels. The tank's main gun was a 75 mm M6 cannon with anti-recoil mechanisms around the barrel, something that made it much smaller. The tanks were fitted with coaxial and bow-mounted 7.62 mm machine guns.<br />
<br />
The first T24 light tank prototype entered trials in October 1943. It turned out to be such a success that 1,000 units were quickly ordered, a number that later jumped to 5,000. Production took place at Cadillac and Massay-Harris factories, where 4,415 tanks were assembled between March 1944 and October 1945. The T24 was officially accepted two months after full-scale production began, receiving a new M24 designation. It entered combat in fall 1944 and was the American army's primary light tank through the end of the war.<br />
<br />
The tanks sent to the UK via Lend-Lease were referred to as Chaffees.<br />
<br />
The successful tank had a long career, fighting in the Korean, First Indochina, Vietnam, and Third Indo-Pakistani wars.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=usa&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=light_tank&vehicle=us_m24_chaffee Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|OwVN5bFIzaM|'''A Perfect Starter Light Tank - {{PAGENAME}} Chaffee''' - ''Virus''|mD54mO7Fl1s|'''{{PAGENAME}} Chaffee Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role<br />
<br />
* [[AMX-13 (FL11)]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/news/2936--en|[Vehicle Profile] M24 Chaffee]]<br />
<br />
{{TankManufacturer Ordnance Department}}<br />
{{TankManufacturer Cadillac}}<br />
{{USA light tanks}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Me_410_A-1/U4&diff=105749Me 410 A-1/U42021-06-12T16:37:18Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = German strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| usage = other uses<br />
| link = Me 410 (Family)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=me-410a-1_u4<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Me_410_A-1_U4.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.<br />
<br />
The main point of focus on this vehicle is the 50 mm [[BK 5 (50 mm)|BK 5]] cannon in the nose. For its size, it holds a very respectable 22 rounds of ammunition. The speciality ammunition belts consist of one "Armored target" belt loaded with APCBC-HE-T rounds, a second "Armored target" belt loaded with HVAP-T (APCR) rounds, and one "Air target" belt with minengeschoße HEI-T rounds. However, the default belt contains a one to one mix of the AP-T and HEI-T rounds, making it difficult to specialize a specific role in the battle.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Flight performance ===<br />
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}<br />
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"<br />
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics<br />
! colspan="2" | Max Speed<br>(km/h at 6,600 m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude<br>(metres)<br />
! colspan="2" | Turn time<br>(seconds)<br />
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb<br>(metres/second)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run<br>(metres)<br />
|-<br />
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB<br />
|-<br />
! Stock<br />
| 566 || 552 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 32.2 || 33.1 || 7.9 || 7.8 || rowspan="2" | 530<br />
|-<br />
! Upgraded<br />
| 613 || 590 || 29.9 || 31.0 || 14.3 || 10.8<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Details ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | Features<br />
|-<br />
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear<br />
|-<br />
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X <!-- ✓ --><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="7" | Limits<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)<br />
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)<br />
! colspan="2" | Max Static G<br />
|-<br />
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -<br />
|-<br />
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 457 || 428 || 280 || ~12 || ~4<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)<br />
|-<br />
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator<br />
|-<br />
| < 360 || < 360 || < 460 || > 265<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="3" | Setting 1<br />
|-<br />
! Optimal altitude<br />
! 100% Engine power<br />
! WEP Engine power<br />
|-<br />
| 5,300 m || 3,020 hp || 3,330 hp<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.'' --><br />
<br />
* 8 mm Steel - Nose armour<br />
* 60 mm Bulletproof Glass<br />
* 12 mm Steel - Headrest<br />
* 8 mm Steel - Cockpit mid plate<br />
* 8 mm Steel - Rear gunner plate<br />
* 9 mm Steel - Rear boom armour plate<br />
* 9 mm Steel - Liquid cooling protective armour<br />
* 5 mm Steel - Wing leading edge armour<br />
* 8 mm Steel - Engine nacelle fore and aft plates<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}<br />
=== Offensive armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe the offensive armament of the aircraft, if any. Describe how effective the cannons and machine guns are in a battle, and also what belts or drums are better to use. If there is no offensive weaponry, delete this subsection.'' --><br />
{{main|BK 5 (50 mm)|MG 151 (20 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:<br />
<br />
* 1 x 50 mm BK 5 cannon, chin-mounted (22 rpg)<br />
* 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons, cheek-mounted (350 rpg = 700 total)<br />
<br />
=== Defensive armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}<br />
<!-- ''Defensive armament with turret machine guns or cannons, crewed by gunners. Examine the number of gunners and what belts or drums are better to use. If defensive weaponry is not available, remove this subsection.'' --><br />
{{main|MG 131 (13 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:<br />
<br />
* 1 x 13 mm MG 131 machine gun, 2 x beam turrets (500 rpg)<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
[[File:Cockpit_Me410.jpg|thumbnail|right|The Me 410's instrument panel.]]<br />
The Me 410 A-1/U4 is an air vehicle that performs well in two different roles. The first is bomber interception due to its large calibre 5 cm BK 5 cannon, but the poor climb rate when compared to other variants of the 410 limit its effectiveness in this mission. Granted, single-handedly shooting down heavy bombers is quite enjoyable from a pure gameplay perspective. The excellent armour-piercing capabilities of Me 410 A-1/U4 cannon make ground attack a viable option. However, the [[Hs.129B-3|Hs 129B-3]] with its 7.5 cm BK 7,5 cannon can deliver more punch to its target while an aircraft armed with 3.7 cm weapons can also penetrate the rear and side armour of all types of armoured vehicles while having more ammunition at their disposal. For this reason, bomber interception might be a more viable option. Of course, enemy fighters will be your primary concern, since the Me 410 A-1/U4 has poor climb rate and turn time, but your rear machine guns with good firing radius can provide some retribution.<br />
<br />
The heavy BK 5 cannon degrades flight performance considerably, making it hard get on your opponent's rear and use your powerful MG 151/20. The best tactic to counter enemy fighters is to retain energy and use Boom & Zoom attacks. If a friendly fighter is near, make sure to ask him for help.<br />
<br />
=== Manual Engine Control ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="7" | MEC elements<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Mixer<br />
! rowspan="2" | Pitch<br />
! colspan="3" | Radiator<br />
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger<br />
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger<br />
|-<br />
! Oil !! Water !! Type<br />
|-<br />
| Not controllable || Controllable<br>Auto control available || Not controllable<br>Not auto controlled || Controllable<br>Not auto controlled || Combined || Not controllable<br>1 gear || Not controllable<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* High firepower.<br />
* Decent defensive armament.<br />
* Good dive performance.<br />
* Able to knock a B-17 out of the sky with as little as one 50 mm shell.<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Worst flight performance of all Me 410 variants.<br />
* High-calibre cannon air targets belt lacks versatility.<br />
* 50 mm cannon is almost useless against fighters.<br />
* Inaccurate 50mm cannon<br />
* 50mm cannon takes time before firing a follow-up shot<br />
* 50mm shell rarely kills ground units in one shot<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
<br />
=== In-game description ===<br />
The Me 410 A-1/U4 and the Me 410 A-2/U4 became the most powerful armament available in Me 410 A modifications. They provided a 50 mm Rheinmetall BK 5 cannon. This weapon was initially developed as an antitank gun, with a 21-round drum magazine and a pneumatic reloading system, and was mounted in the bomb bay. The presence of the BK 5 cannon had no discernible effect on piloting the aircraft; however, the Me.410's flight characteristics were slightly reduced due to increased aerodynamic resistance. Tests showed that an aircraft with the 50 mm BK 5 cannon was able to target T-34 and KV tanks as well as railway carriages, steam locomotives, and small waterborne vehicles. However, it turned out that the standard Revi 16 sight was not suitable for firing the new weapon, so planes armed with BK 5 cannons were fitted with ZFR 4a gun sights.<br />
<br />
Firing practice showed that the BK 5 cannon frequently failed when firing long bursts (more than five shells). This problem was solved when a special automatic breaker limiting bursts to three rounds was introduced into the fire control circuit.<br />
<br />
The Me 410 A never became an anti-tank aircraft; instead, the Hornets armed with the 50 mm BK 5 cannons targeted American heavy bombers. Firing tests targeting B-17 and B-24 bombers that had been forced to land in German territory showed that a hit with only one 50 mm shell was usually enough to destroy a bomber.<br />
<br />
The principal beam, one of the most durable structural members of the aircraft, was easily destroyed with a hit from one of the shells. The bombers' fuel tanks, which were safely protected with sponge rubber from any through shots from small-calibre weapons, would detonate when hit by BK 5 cannon shells, turning large pieces of the skin and the airframe of the wing inside out. In theory, German pilots could shoot down enemy planes while remaining out of the reach of their defensive fire. But in real combat conditions it was not easy for Me 410 crews to win duels with the escort fighters, not only with the newest P-51 Mustangs but also with the P-47 Thunderbolts and the P-38 Lightnings.<br />
<br />
50 mm BK 5 cannons were installed on Me 410 A-1/U4s on the front, replacing the 20 mm Mauser MG 151/20 cannons and 7.92 mm Rheinmetall-Borsig MG 17 machine guns. The Me 410 A-2/U4 "destroyers" ("Zerstörer") were equipped with BK 5 cannons directly at the factory and retained all of their standard armament.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!--''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''<br />
* ''other literature.''--><br />
<br />
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/227207-messerschmitt-me-410-a-1u4/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]<br />
<br />
{{AirManufacturer BFW}}<br />
{{Germany strike aircraft}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Centurion_Mk_1&diff=105742Centurion Mk 12021-06-12T07:58:29Z<p>U7665380: /* Main armament */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = British medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| usage = other versions<br />
| link = Centurion (Family)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=uk_centurion_mk_1<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.67 "Assault"]]. It is equipped with the well-known British [[Ordnance QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|QF 17-pounder]] mounted on a new hull that definitively makes the Cromwell chassis outdated.<br />
<br />
This tank does not play like any of the preceding British vehicles: while its mobility is below average for a rank IV medium, it compensates with armour, meaning that you will actually be able to withstand frontal combat and return fire, even if you get hit. It is the first medium to feature the late-game British armour pattern: a strong turret, thick and well-angled upper-glacis, weak lower glacis and thin sides. British tankers must get used to this configuration since it is found on every following medium tank.<br />
<br />
The Centurion Mk 1 moves away from the familiar Cromwell chassis. While not being as fast or manoeuvrable, It does have sloped frontal armour, a strongly armoured turret, and a good QF 17-pounder gun with access to APDS.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret sides, Turret roof)<br />
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret front, Gun mantlet, Cupola)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 76.2 mm (58°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 76.2 mm (44°) ''Lower glacis'' || 51 (12°) + 6 mm || 38 mm (7°) ''Top'' <br> 38 mm (18°) ''Bottom'' || 29 mm <br> 8-14 mm ''Engine deck''<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 127 mm (2-58°) ''Turret front'' <br> 127 mm (6-40°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 76 mm (9-11°) || 76 mm (1°) <br> 38 mm (89°) ''Turret underside'' || 25 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 90 mm || 25 mm ''Outer ring'' <br> 19 mm ''Centre''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
*Tracks and suspension wheels are both 20 mm thick.<br />
*The steel boxes around the turret and hull give a 4 mm additional protection, though this seems to be a negligible addition.<br />
*Skirting are placed on the sides of the Centurion, giving an additional 6 mm of side protection and can act as spaced armour.<br />
*An internal structural plate of 17 mm thickness separates the forward ammo rack from the driver as seen in X-ray mode.<br />
*Another internal 17 mm structural plate with large openings separates the driving compartment from the fighting compartment.<br />
<br />
The {{PAGENAME}} is the first tank players will encounter in the British tech tree that sports a sloped hull front similar to the Panther, which with a thickness of 76.2 mm provides great protection for its battle rating, especially when the hull is angled slightly. Turret armour features 127 mm thickness throughout the front but features many flat areas that cannons of sufficient power will exploit to destroy the tank, especially since 3 out of the 4 crew members are located in the turret. Side armour can withstand auto-cannon fire with exceptions for HVAP rounds, so don't rely on it outside of that. If the situation becomes sticky and a tactical retreat is required, a single wide volley of smoke grenades launched from the turret can cover you from the line-of-sight.<br />
<br />
The main improvement from previous British mediums is its thick and sloped armour. Reaching 152 mm on the turret and a good 76 mm angled at 58° on the front hull, this tanks can actually block point-blank shots from most cannons it will face like the Russian [[D-5T (85 mm)|D-5T]], the Japanese [[Type II Model II (75 mm)|Type II 75 mm]] and even some German guns at 500 m. This tank can actually expose its upper glacis since it will bounce most shots. This tank still has weak spots though: gun and MG mantlet are "only" 127 mm thick, barely angled and lower glacis are 76 mm at 44°, meaning close-range shots will eventually penetrate. It also has thin side armour, meaning that the tank is vulnerable to flank attacks and compound angling cannot be done effectively without exposing the sides. These traits mean that the {{PAGENAME}} can happily stand up most frontal shots at this rank.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=984|rbMinHp=562}}<br />
<br />
The Centurion easily reaches its top speed of 39 km/h on almost any ground, due to its wide tracks and a good engine, even at stock performances. It also has a refreshingly good reverse speed (~13 km/h) (compared to the dreadful reverse speed of tanks on the Cromwell chassis) and can turn on the spot quite fast.<br />
<br />
Compared to the many Cromwell based tanks before the Centurion, it does lose out on a great forward speed, only being able to reach 41 km/h (AB) / 37 km/h (RB) maximum, but in return it does receive great reverse speed of 13.4 km/h (AB)/12.1 km/h (RB), allowing for tactics that would not be recommended with the Cromwell like "Peek-a-boos". It also retains good maneuverability, effective neutral steering, and a very acceptable acceleration due to good power-to-weight ratio.<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|QF 17-pounder (76 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The gun does not fire any shells with explosive filler, meaning that pinpoint accuracy is needed to get reliable kills (aiming for important modules, crew, or ammo racks). This canon's reload rate is faster than average at this BR, meaning you will be able to land 2 shots before your enemy can even fire. One should also note that depleting the first load shells of 5 increases the reload time so be mindful when shooting. As any other tanks equipped with the [[Ordnance QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|QF 17-pounder]], you will have to grind through subpar AP, APBC and APCBC shells before getting APDS. This last type of shell helps make accuracy quite easy and remains effective at long ranges while not being too costly in terms of silver lions.<br />
<br />
A minor issue to notice is that the machine gun has very poor elevation and is loader-controlled, meaning that it cannot target even low flying aircraft and that it will be disabled once you lose two or more crew members.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|76 mm QF 17-pounder]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 75 || rowspan="2" | -12°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 17.14 || 23.72 || 28.80 || 31.84 || 33.88 || rowspan="2" | 7.67 || rowspan="2" | 6.79 || rowspan="2" | 6.25 || rowspan="2" | 5.90<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 10.71 || 12.60 || 15.30 || 16.92 || 18.00<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 171 || 168 || 155 || 139 || 126 || 113<br />
|-<br />
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 171 || 168 || 155 || 139 || 126 || 113<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 190 || 187 || 172 || 155 || 140 || 126<br />
|-<br />
| Shot SV Mk.1 || APDS || 228 || 226 || 207 || 189 || 159 || 134<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 883 || 6.98 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 580 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot SV Mk.1 || APDS || 1,203 || 1.73 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics<br />
|-<br />
! Ammunition<br />
! Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! Screen radius<br>(m)<br />
! Screen deploy time<br>(s)<br />
! Screen hold time<br>(s)<br />
! Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
|-<br />
| 17pdr Shell SS Mk.1 || 229 || 8.44 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
<!-- '''Last updated: 1.101.0.109''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! 7th<br>rack empty<br />
! 8th<br>rack empty<br />
! 9th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''75''' || 74&nbsp;''(+1)'' || 73&nbsp;''(+2)'' || 68&nbsp;''(+7)'' || 38&nbsp;''(+37)'' || 30&nbsp;''(+45)'' || 22&nbsp;''(+53)'' || 14&nbsp;''(+61)'' || 6&nbsp;''(+69)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+74)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
The QF 17-pounder cannon fires single-piece ammunition stored in stowage racks in the hull floor and the hull front next to the driver.<br />
<br />
Notes:<br />
<br />
* Recommended ammo load is 38 to remove the large ammo rack at the front of the hull.<br />
* Ammo rack 9 is a ready rack, and takes priority in being filled at the beginning of the battle.<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|BESA (7.92 mm)}}<br />
<br />
Unlike many turret-mounted machine guns that are co-axial, this machine gun is mounted in pintle mount similar to hull-mounted machine guns, so it is able to independently traverse on its own to a degree, a trait that is shared with the Soviet T-28. This can provide a slight advantage when the turret ring is disabled, as it can allow more accurate fire without the need to move the turret/hull.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[BESA (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm BESA]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Coaxial || 3,375 (225) || 600 || ±7° || ±7°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
'''Overview:'''<br />
<br />
The Centurion Mk 1 is widely considered as the first Main Battle Tank, and plays in the role of a medium/heavy. The armour is satisfactory against most enemy weapons, although it should not be relied upon. The 17 pounder cannon is very effective against enemy armour, although its post penetration damage is lacklustre. The tank is not particularly fast, but is mobile, especially in reverse.<br />
<br />
'''Strategies:'''<br />
<br />
Centurion tank commanders should use cover and be careful for the majority of the time. When the opportunity arises, the Centurion can help lead the charge against enemy medium and heavy tanks. Centurion commanders should keep in mind that the APDS ammunition is unlikely to destroy enemy vehicles in one shot, so they may need to expose themselves to enemy fire for extended periods of time in order to secure a kill. Generally, the Centurion plays similarly to other medium tanks of the tier. It is best practice to angle the turret, but the hull should not be angled due to the thin side armour.<br />
<br />
In terms of engagement ranges, the Centurion works well at both long and short ranges. The issue with sniping in the centurion is that it is very difficult to secure kills with the lacklustre post penetration damage. Because of this, medium and short range engagements are preferable.<br />
<br />
'''Notable Enemies:'''<br />
<br />
Fighting at 6.0 BR tank battles, the Centurion faces many iconic German big cats like the Tiger I, Tiger II and Panther. The Centurion is capable of going head to head with the big cats. The APDS rounds will slice through the Tiger I at most angles but one must be cautious of facing Tiger II, and can even penetrate the upper front plate of a Panther at close ranges. This round can even penetrate the Jagdpanther. It can also easily penetrate the hull of the IS-1 and early IS-2. Generally when firing at enemies, be careful to aim for the flat parts of the armour. APDS ammunition does not handle angled armour very well.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Fast firing 17-pounder armament with APDS rounds<br />
* Good gun depression of -12°<br />
* Tough round and sloped armour that is quite resistant to the 85mm, 76mm and even the German 88 mm (KwK 36) guns at medium/long range<br />
* Turret's top armour is thick, can resist most aircraft guns<br />
* Average mobility and decent manoeuvrability<br />
* Good reverse speed and neutral steering<br />
* Benefits greatly from the learning curve of the Comet I and Challenger, their players will find themselves at home when playing the Centurion<br />
* Mastering this tank will provide a good learning curve for the next Centurion variants<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Precision and knowledge of enemy tanks are required, because APDS localized damage<br />
* Large tank size, especially length<br />
* Weak side armour, angling the armour too much will result in the side armour being penetrated<br />
* Centurion Mk 1 is slow for a medium tank<br />
* Unlike its later iterations, no [[Gun stabilizer|gun stabilizer]]<br />
* Weak Lower Frontal Plate (LFP) ammo rack also present there, a weakness carried over to all British tanks onward<br />
* Top armour covering the engine is poor, only 8 mm<br />
* Only 6 shells available before first order ammo rack is depleted, increasing reload time<br />
* Frontal turret cheek armor is flat<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
<br />
===Design===<br />
In 1943, the British War Office mandated the Directorate of Tank Design to start working on a new heavy cruiser tank. The requirements stated that the new tank should be capable of withstanding a direct hit from the infamous German 88 mm gun, while providing greater protection against mines as well as staying under the 40-tons limit imposed by logistical constraints. The tank also had to offer a good cross-country capability when offroad, a high reverse speed was required but not a high forward top speed. The new project, called A41, had to surpass the Comet tank in all areas except the main armament for which the 17-pdr gun was still deemed effective enough to deal with enemy tanks.<br />
<br />
===Development===<br />
Early in the development, it became clear that the 40-tons limit imposed by logistical constraints (transport trailers, Bailey truss bridge, etc.) could not be held if the other requirements were to stay the same (armour and turret size). The limit was raised to 50 tons and the tank's maximal size for railway bridges and tunnels was also scrapped.<br />
The hull was designed larger, welded and with sloped armour. The turret was made of thick cast armour, with the sides sloped and overall wider than previous tanks to fit the 17-pdr gun and 3 crew members.<br />
Inside the hull was installed a Rolls-Royce turbojet, the engine found on the Gloster Meteor.<br />
The suspension was changed to a Horstmann suspension to reduce its size and encroachment while allowing for modular maintenance in the field.<br />
Prototypes for evaluation arrived in Belgium less than a month after the end of WW2 in Europe and manufacturing began later in 1945.<br />
The new A41 tank was subsequently designated the Centurion. During its test phase, it demonstrated better performance than the Comet in all areas and was adopted by the British Army.<br />
<br />
===Combat usage===<br />
The Centurion Mk 1 never saw combat and was quickly upgraded to Mk 2 and 3 with the introduction of the 20-pdr gun.<br />
The first Centurions to see combat were British and Canadian Centurions Mk 3 in Korea in the 1950s where the tank gained its laurels and became a major export success.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=britain&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=uk_centurion_mk_1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|I5sGIacZ5jU|'''Centurion Mk1 Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|XThuUn_3u30|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review - APDS Only''' - ''Napalmratte''|HsiYQG4dKaQ|'''British Blitzkrieg - {{PAGENAME}} Review''' - ''MikeGoesBoom''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis<br />
<br />
* [[Centurion (Family)]]<br />
<br />
;Vehicles equipped with the same gun and ammunition<br />
<br />
* [[Challenger]]<br />
* [[Black Prince]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/news/4515-development-centurion-mk-i-a-tank-for-a-new-era-en|[Devblog] Centurion Mk I: A Tank for a New Era]]<br />
* [[wikipedia:Centurion (tank)|[Wikipedia] Centurion]]<br />
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/UK/FV-4200_Centurion <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> FV4007 Centurion]<br />
<br />
{{Britain medium tanks}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Centurion_Mk_1&diff=105741Centurion Mk 12021-06-12T07:55:10Z<p>U7665380: /* Usage in battles */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = British medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| usage = other versions<br />
| link = Centurion (Family)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=uk_centurion_mk_1<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.67 "Assault"]]. It is equipped with the well-known British [[Ordnance QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|QF 17-pounder]] mounted on a new hull that definitively makes the Cromwell chassis outdated.<br />
<br />
This tank does not play like any of the preceding British vehicles: while its mobility is below average for a rank IV medium, it compensates with armour, meaning that you will actually be able to withstand frontal combat and return fire, even if you get hit. It is the first medium to feature the late-game British armour pattern: a strong turret, thick and well-angled upper-glacis, weak lower glacis and thin sides. British tankers must get used to this configuration since it is found on every following medium tank.<br />
<br />
The Centurion Mk 1 moves away from the familiar Cromwell chassis. While not being as fast or manoeuvrable, It does have sloped frontal armour, a strongly armoured turret, and a good QF 17-pounder gun with access to APDS.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret sides, Turret roof)<br />
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret front, Gun mantlet, Cupola)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 76.2 mm (58°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 76.2 mm (44°) ''Lower glacis'' || 51 (12°) + 6 mm || 38 mm (7°) ''Top'' <br> 38 mm (18°) ''Bottom'' || 29 mm <br> 8-14 mm ''Engine deck''<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 127 mm (2-58°) ''Turret front'' <br> 127 mm (6-40°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 76 mm (9-11°) || 76 mm (1°) <br> 38 mm (89°) ''Turret underside'' || 25 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 90 mm || 25 mm ''Outer ring'' <br> 19 mm ''Centre''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
*Tracks and suspension wheels are both 20 mm thick.<br />
*The steel boxes around the turret and hull give a 4 mm additional protection, though this seems to be a negligible addition.<br />
*Skirting are placed on the sides of the Centurion, giving an additional 6 mm of side protection and can act as spaced armour.<br />
*An internal structural plate of 17 mm thickness separates the forward ammo rack from the driver as seen in X-ray mode.<br />
*Another internal 17 mm structural plate with large openings separates the driving compartment from the fighting compartment.<br />
<br />
The {{PAGENAME}} is the first tank players will encounter in the British tech tree that sports a sloped hull front similar to the Panther, which with a thickness of 76.2 mm provides great protection for its battle rating, especially when the hull is angled slightly. Turret armour features 127 mm thickness throughout the front but features many flat areas that cannons of sufficient power will exploit to destroy the tank, especially since 3 out of the 4 crew members are located in the turret. Side armour can withstand auto-cannon fire with exceptions for HVAP rounds, so don't rely on it outside of that. If the situation becomes sticky and a tactical retreat is required, a single wide volley of smoke grenades launched from the turret can cover you from the line-of-sight.<br />
<br />
The main improvement from previous British mediums is its thick and sloped armour. Reaching 152 mm on the turret and a good 76 mm angled at 58° on the front hull, this tanks can actually block point-blank shots from most cannons it will face like the Russian [[D-5T (85 mm)|D-5T]], the Japanese [[Type II Model II (75 mm)|Type II 75 mm]] and even some German guns at 500 m. This tank can actually expose its upper glacis since it will bounce most shots. This tank still has weak spots though: gun and MG mantlet are "only" 127 mm thick, barely angled and lower glacis are 76 mm at 44°, meaning close-range shots will eventually penetrate. It also has thin side armour, meaning that the tank is vulnerable to flank attacks and compound angling cannot be done effectively without exposing the sides. These traits mean that the {{PAGENAME}} can happily stand up most frontal shots at this rank.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=984|rbMinHp=562}}<br />
<br />
The Centurion easily reaches its top speed of 39 km/h on almost any ground, due to its wide tracks and a good engine, even at stock performances. It also has a refreshingly good reverse speed (~13 km/h) (compared to the dreadful reverse speed of tanks on the Cromwell chassis) and can turn on the spot quite fast.<br />
<br />
Compared to the many Cromwell based tanks before the Centurion, it does lose out on a great forward speed, only being able to reach 41 km/h (AB) / 37 km/h (RB) maximum, but in return it does receive great reverse speed of 13.4 km/h (AB)/12.1 km/h (RB), allowing for tactics that would not be recommended with the Cromwell like "Peek-a-boos". It also retains good maneuverability, effective neutral steering, and a very acceptable acceleration due to good power-to-weight ratio.<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|QF 17-pounder (76 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The gun does not fire any shells with explosive filler, meaning that pinpoint accuracy is needed to get reliable kills (aiming for important modules, crew, or ammo racks). This canon's reload rate is faster than average at this BR, meaning you will be able to land 2 shots before your enemy can even fire. As any other tanks equipped with the [[Ordnance QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|QF 17-pounder]], you will have to grind through subpar AP, APBC and APCBC shells before getting APDS. This last type of shell helps make accuracy quite easy and remains effective at long ranges while not being too costly in terms of silver lions.<br />
<br />
A minor issue to notice is that the machine gun has very poor elevation and is loader-controlled, meaning that it cannot target even low flying aircraft and that it will be disabled once you lose two or more crew members.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|76 mm QF 17-pounder]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 75 || rowspan="2" | -12°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 17.14 || 23.72 || 28.80 || 31.84 || 33.88 || rowspan="2" | 7.67 || rowspan="2" | 6.79 || rowspan="2" | 6.25 || rowspan="2" | 5.90<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 10.71 || 12.60 || 15.30 || 16.92 || 18.00<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 171 || 168 || 155 || 139 || 126 || 113<br />
|-<br />
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 171 || 168 || 155 || 139 || 126 || 113<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 190 || 187 || 172 || 155 || 140 || 126<br />
|-<br />
| Shot SV Mk.1 || APDS || 228 || 226 || 207 || 189 || 159 || 134<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 883 || 6.98 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 580 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot SV Mk.1 || APDS || 1,203 || 1.73 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics<br />
|-<br />
! Ammunition<br />
! Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! Screen radius<br>(m)<br />
! Screen deploy time<br>(s)<br />
! Screen hold time<br>(s)<br />
! Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
|-<br />
| 17pdr Shell SS Mk.1 || 229 || 8.44 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
<!-- '''Last updated: 1.101.0.109''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! 7th<br>rack empty<br />
! 8th<br>rack empty<br />
! 9th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''75''' || 74&nbsp;''(+1)'' || 73&nbsp;''(+2)'' || 68&nbsp;''(+7)'' || 38&nbsp;''(+37)'' || 30&nbsp;''(+45)'' || 22&nbsp;''(+53)'' || 14&nbsp;''(+61)'' || 6&nbsp;''(+69)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+74)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
The QF 17-pounder cannon fires single-piece ammunition stored in stowage racks in the hull floor and the hull front next to the driver.<br />
<br />
Notes:<br />
<br />
* Recommended ammo load is 38 to remove the large ammo rack at the front of the hull.<br />
* Ammo rack 9 is a ready rack, and takes priority in being filled at the beginning of the battle.<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|BESA (7.92 mm)}}<br />
<br />
Unlike many turret-mounted machine guns that are co-axial, this machine gun is mounted in pintle mount similar to hull-mounted machine guns, so it is able to independently traverse on its own to a degree, a trait that is shared with the Soviet T-28. This can provide a slight advantage when the turret ring is disabled, as it can allow more accurate fire without the need to move the turret/hull.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[BESA (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm BESA]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Coaxial || 3,375 (225) || 600 || ±7° || ±7°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
'''Overview:'''<br />
<br />
The Centurion Mk 1 is widely considered as the first Main Battle Tank, and plays in the role of a medium/heavy. The armour is satisfactory against most enemy weapons, although it should not be relied upon. The 17 pounder cannon is very effective against enemy armour, although its post penetration damage is lacklustre. The tank is not particularly fast, but is mobile, especially in reverse.<br />
<br />
'''Strategies:'''<br />
<br />
Centurion tank commanders should use cover and be careful for the majority of the time. When the opportunity arises, the Centurion can help lead the charge against enemy medium and heavy tanks. Centurion commanders should keep in mind that the APDS ammunition is unlikely to destroy enemy vehicles in one shot, so they may need to expose themselves to enemy fire for extended periods of time in order to secure a kill. Generally, the Centurion plays similarly to other medium tanks of the tier. It is best practice to angle the turret, but the hull should not be angled due to the thin side armour.<br />
<br />
In terms of engagement ranges, the Centurion works well at both long and short ranges. The issue with sniping in the centurion is that it is very difficult to secure kills with the lacklustre post penetration damage. Because of this, medium and short range engagements are preferable.<br />
<br />
'''Notable Enemies:'''<br />
<br />
Fighting at 6.0 BR tank battles, the Centurion faces many iconic German big cats like the Tiger I, Tiger II and Panther. The Centurion is capable of going head to head with the big cats. The APDS rounds will slice through the Tiger I at most angles but one must be cautious of facing Tiger II, and can even penetrate the upper front plate of a Panther at close ranges. This round can even penetrate the Jagdpanther. It can also easily penetrate the hull of the IS-1 and early IS-2. Generally when firing at enemies, be careful to aim for the flat parts of the armour. APDS ammunition does not handle angled armour very well.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Fast firing 17-pounder armament with APDS rounds<br />
* Good gun depression of -12°<br />
* Tough round and sloped armour that is quite resistant to the 85mm, 76mm and even the German 88 mm (KwK 36) guns at medium/long range<br />
* Turret's top armour is thick, can resist most aircraft guns<br />
* Average mobility and decent manoeuvrability<br />
* Good reverse speed and neutral steering<br />
* Benefits greatly from the learning curve of the Comet I and Challenger, their players will find themselves at home when playing the Centurion<br />
* Mastering this tank will provide a good learning curve for the next Centurion variants<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Precision and knowledge of enemy tanks are required, because APDS localized damage<br />
* Large tank size, especially length<br />
* Weak side armour, angling the armour too much will result in the side armour being penetrated<br />
* Centurion Mk 1 is slow for a medium tank<br />
* Unlike its later iterations, no [[Gun stabilizer|gun stabilizer]]<br />
* Weak Lower Frontal Plate (LFP) ammo rack also present there, a weakness carried over to all British tanks onward<br />
* Top armour covering the engine is poor, only 8 mm<br />
* Only 6 shells available before first order ammo rack is depleted, increasing reload time<br />
* Frontal turret cheek armor is flat<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
<br />
===Design===<br />
In 1943, the British War Office mandated the Directorate of Tank Design to start working on a new heavy cruiser tank. The requirements stated that the new tank should be capable of withstanding a direct hit from the infamous German 88 mm gun, while providing greater protection against mines as well as staying under the 40-tons limit imposed by logistical constraints. The tank also had to offer a good cross-country capability when offroad, a high reverse speed was required but not a high forward top speed. The new project, called A41, had to surpass the Comet tank in all areas except the main armament for which the 17-pdr gun was still deemed effective enough to deal with enemy tanks.<br />
<br />
===Development===<br />
Early in the development, it became clear that the 40-tons limit imposed by logistical constraints (transport trailers, Bailey truss bridge, etc.) could not be held if the other requirements were to stay the same (armour and turret size). The limit was raised to 50 tons and the tank's maximal size for railway bridges and tunnels was also scrapped.<br />
The hull was designed larger, welded and with sloped armour. The turret was made of thick cast armour, with the sides sloped and overall wider than previous tanks to fit the 17-pdr gun and 3 crew members.<br />
Inside the hull was installed a Rolls-Royce turbojet, the engine found on the Gloster Meteor.<br />
The suspension was changed to a Horstmann suspension to reduce its size and encroachment while allowing for modular maintenance in the field.<br />
Prototypes for evaluation arrived in Belgium less than a month after the end of WW2 in Europe and manufacturing began later in 1945.<br />
The new A41 tank was subsequently designated the Centurion. During its test phase, it demonstrated better performance than the Comet in all areas and was adopted by the British Army.<br />
<br />
===Combat usage===<br />
The Centurion Mk 1 never saw combat and was quickly upgraded to Mk 2 and 3 with the introduction of the 20-pdr gun.<br />
The first Centurions to see combat were British and Canadian Centurions Mk 3 in Korea in the 1950s where the tank gained its laurels and became a major export success.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=britain&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=uk_centurion_mk_1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|I5sGIacZ5jU|'''Centurion Mk1 Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|XThuUn_3u30|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review - APDS Only''' - ''Napalmratte''|HsiYQG4dKaQ|'''British Blitzkrieg - {{PAGENAME}} Review''' - ''MikeGoesBoom''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis<br />
<br />
* [[Centurion (Family)]]<br />
<br />
;Vehicles equipped with the same gun and ammunition<br />
<br />
* [[Challenger]]<br />
* [[Black Prince]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/news/4515-development-centurion-mk-i-a-tank-for-a-new-era-en|[Devblog] Centurion Mk I: A Tank for a New Era]]<br />
* [[wikipedia:Centurion (tank)|[Wikipedia] Centurion]]<br />
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/UK/FV-4200_Centurion <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> FV4007 Centurion]<br />
<br />
{{Britain medium tanks}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Centurion_Mk_1&diff=105740Centurion Mk 12021-06-12T07:41:29Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = British medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| usage = other versions<br />
| link = Centurion (Family)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=uk_centurion_mk_1<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.67 "Assault"]]. It is equipped with the well-known British [[Ordnance QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|QF 17-pounder]] mounted on a new hull that definitively makes the Cromwell chassis outdated.<br />
<br />
This tank does not play like any of the preceding British vehicles: while its mobility is below average for a rank IV medium, it compensates with armour, meaning that you will actually be able to withstand frontal combat and return fire, even if you get hit. It is the first medium to feature the late-game British armour pattern: a strong turret, thick and well-angled upper-glacis, weak lower glacis and thin sides. British tankers must get used to this configuration since it is found on every following medium tank.<br />
<br />
The Centurion Mk 1 moves away from the familiar Cromwell chassis. While not being as fast or manoeuvrable, It does have sloped frontal armour, a strongly armoured turret, and a good QF 17-pounder gun with access to APDS.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret sides, Turret roof)<br />
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret front, Gun mantlet, Cupola)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 76.2 mm (58°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 76.2 mm (44°) ''Lower glacis'' || 51 (12°) + 6 mm || 38 mm (7°) ''Top'' <br> 38 mm (18°) ''Bottom'' || 29 mm <br> 8-14 mm ''Engine deck''<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 127 mm (2-58°) ''Turret front'' <br> 127 mm (6-40°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 76 mm (9-11°) || 76 mm (1°) <br> 38 mm (89°) ''Turret underside'' || 25 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 90 mm || 25 mm ''Outer ring'' <br> 19 mm ''Centre''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
*Tracks and suspension wheels are both 20 mm thick.<br />
*The steel boxes around the turret and hull give a 4 mm additional protection, though this seems to be a negligible addition.<br />
*Skirting are placed on the sides of the Centurion, giving an additional 6 mm of side protection and can act as spaced armour.<br />
*An internal structural plate of 17 mm thickness separates the forward ammo rack from the driver as seen in X-ray mode.<br />
*Another internal 17 mm structural plate with large openings separates the driving compartment from the fighting compartment.<br />
<br />
The {{PAGENAME}} is the first tank players will encounter in the British tech tree that sports a sloped hull front similar to the Panther, which with a thickness of 76.2 mm provides great protection for its battle rating, especially when the hull is angled slightly. Turret armour features 127 mm thickness throughout the front but features many flat areas that cannons of sufficient power will exploit to destroy the tank, especially since 3 out of the 4 crew members are located in the turret. Side armour can withstand auto-cannon fire with exceptions for HVAP rounds, so don't rely on it outside of that. If the situation becomes sticky and a tactical retreat is required, a single wide volley of smoke grenades launched from the turret can cover you from the line-of-sight.<br />
<br />
The main improvement from previous British mediums is its thick and sloped armour. Reaching 152 mm on the turret and a good 76 mm angled at 58° on the front hull, this tanks can actually block point-blank shots from most cannons it will face like the Russian [[D-5T (85 mm)|D-5T]], the Japanese [[Type II Model II (75 mm)|Type II 75 mm]] and even some German guns at 500 m. This tank can actually expose its upper glacis since it will bounce most shots. This tank still has weak spots though: gun and MG mantlet are "only" 127 mm thick, barely angled and lower glacis are 76 mm at 44°, meaning close-range shots will eventually penetrate. It also has thin side armour, meaning that the tank is vulnerable to flank attacks and compound angling cannot be done effectively without exposing the sides. These traits mean that the {{PAGENAME}} can happily stand up most frontal shots at this rank.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=984|rbMinHp=562}}<br />
<br />
The Centurion easily reaches its top speed of 39 km/h on almost any ground, due to its wide tracks and a good engine, even at stock performances. It also has a refreshingly good reverse speed (~13 km/h) (compared to the dreadful reverse speed of tanks on the Cromwell chassis) and can turn on the spot quite fast.<br />
<br />
Compared to the many Cromwell based tanks before the Centurion, it does lose out on a great forward speed, only being able to reach 41 km/h (AB) / 37 km/h (RB) maximum, but in return it does receive great reverse speed of 13.4 km/h (AB)/12.1 km/h (RB), allowing for tactics that would not be recommended with the Cromwell like "Peek-a-boos". It also retains good maneuverability, effective neutral steering, and a very acceptable acceleration due to good power-to-weight ratio.<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|QF 17-pounder (76 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The gun does not fire any shells with explosive filler, meaning that pinpoint accuracy is needed to get reliable kills (aiming for important modules, crew, or ammo racks). This canon's reload rate is faster than average at this BR, meaning you will be able to land 2 shots before your enemy can even fire. As any other tanks equipped with the [[Ordnance QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|QF 17-pounder]], you will have to grind through subpar AP, APBC and APCBC shells before getting APDS. This last type of shell helps make accuracy quite easy and remains effective at long ranges while not being too costly in terms of silver lions.<br />
<br />
A minor issue to notice is that the machine gun has very poor elevation and is loader-controlled, meaning that it cannot target even low flying aircraft and that it will be disabled once you lose two or more crew members.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|76 mm QF 17-pounder]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 75 || rowspan="2" | -12°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 17.14 || 23.72 || 28.80 || 31.84 || 33.88 || rowspan="2" | 7.67 || rowspan="2" | 6.79 || rowspan="2" | 6.25 || rowspan="2" | 5.90<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 10.71 || 12.60 || 15.30 || 16.92 || 18.00<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 171 || 168 || 155 || 139 || 126 || 113<br />
|-<br />
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 171 || 168 || 155 || 139 || 126 || 113<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 190 || 187 || 172 || 155 || 140 || 126<br />
|-<br />
| Shot SV Mk.1 || APDS || 228 || 226 || 207 || 189 || 159 || 134<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 883 || 6.98 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 580 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot SV Mk.1 || APDS || 1,203 || 1.73 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics<br />
|-<br />
! Ammunition<br />
! Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! Screen radius<br>(m)<br />
! Screen deploy time<br>(s)<br />
! Screen hold time<br>(s)<br />
! Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
|-<br />
| 17pdr Shell SS Mk.1 || 229 || 8.44 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
<!-- '''Last updated: 1.101.0.109''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! 7th<br>rack empty<br />
! 8th<br>rack empty<br />
! 9th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''75''' || 74&nbsp;''(+1)'' || 73&nbsp;''(+2)'' || 68&nbsp;''(+7)'' || 38&nbsp;''(+37)'' || 30&nbsp;''(+45)'' || 22&nbsp;''(+53)'' || 14&nbsp;''(+61)'' || 6&nbsp;''(+69)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+74)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
The QF 17-pounder cannon fires single-piece ammunition stored in stowage racks in the hull floor and the hull front next to the driver.<br />
<br />
Notes:<br />
<br />
* Recommended ammo load is 38 to remove the large ammo rack at the front of the hull.<br />
* Ammo rack 9 is a ready rack, and takes priority in being filled at the beginning of the battle.<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|BESA (7.92 mm)}}<br />
<br />
Unlike many turret-mounted machine guns that are co-axial, this machine gun is mounted in pintle mount similar to hull-mounted machine guns, so it is able to independently traverse on its own to a degree, a trait that is shared with the Soviet T-28. This can provide a slight advantage when the turret ring is disabled, as it can allow more accurate fire without the need to move the turret/hull.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[BESA (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm BESA]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Coaxial || 3,375 (225) || 600 || ±7° || ±7°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
'''Overview:'''<br />
<br />
The Centurion Mk 1 is widely considered as the first Main Battle Tank, and plays in the role of a medium/heavy. The armour is satisfactory against most enemy weapons, although it should not be relied upon. The 17 pounder cannon is very effective against enemy armour, although its post penetration damage is lacklustre. The tank is not particularly fast, but is mobile, especially in reverse.<br />
<br />
'''Strategies:'''<br />
<br />
Centurion tank commanders should use cover and be careful for the majority of the time. When the opportunity arises, the Centurion can help lead the charge against enemy medium and heavy tanks. Centurion commanders should keep in mind that the APDS ammunition is unlikely to destroy enemy vehicles in one shot, so they may need to expose themselves to enemy fire for extended periods of time in order to secure a kill. Generally, the Centurion plays similarly to other medium tanks of the tier. It is best practice to angle the turret, but the hull should not be angled due to the thin side armour.<br />
<br />
In terms of engagement ranges, the Centurion works well at both long and short ranges. The issue with sniping in the centurion is that it is very difficult to secure kills with the lacklustre post penetration damage. Because of this, medium and short range engagements are preferable.<br />
<br />
'''Notable Enemies:'''<br />
<br />
Fighting at 5.7 BR tank battles, the Centurion faces many iconic German big cats like the Tiger I and Panther. The Centurion is capable of going head to head with the big cats. The APDS rounds will slice through the Tiger at most angles, and can even penetrate the upper front plate of a Panther at close ranges. This round can even penetrate the Jagdpanther. It can also easily penetrate the hull of the IS-1 and early IS-2. Generally when firing at enemies, be careful to aim for the flat parts of the armour. APDS ammunition does not handle angled armour very well.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Fast firing 17-pounder armament with APDS rounds<br />
* Good gun depression of -12°<br />
* Tough round and sloped armour that is quite resistant to the 85mm, 76mm and even the German 88 mm (KwK 36) guns at medium/long range<br />
* Turret's top armour is thick, can resist most aircraft guns<br />
* Average mobility and decent manoeuvrability<br />
* Good reverse speed and neutral steering<br />
* Benefits greatly from the learning curve of the Comet I and Challenger, their players will find themselves at home when playing the Centurion<br />
* Mastering this tank will provide a good learning curve for the next Centurion variants<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Precision and knowledge of enemy tanks are required, because APDS localized damage<br />
* Large tank size, especially length<br />
* Weak side armour, angling the armour too much will result in the side armour being penetrated<br />
* Centurion Mk 1 is slow for a medium tank<br />
* Unlike its later iterations, no [[Gun stabilizer|gun stabilizer]]<br />
* Weak Lower Frontal Plate (LFP) ammo rack also present there, a weakness carried over to all British tanks onward<br />
* Top armour covering the engine is poor, only 8 mm<br />
* Only 6 shells available before first order ammo rack is depleted, increasing reload time<br />
* Frontal turret cheek armor is flat<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
<br />
===Design===<br />
In 1943, the British War Office mandated the Directorate of Tank Design to start working on a new heavy cruiser tank. The requirements stated that the new tank should be capable of withstanding a direct hit from the infamous German 88 mm gun, while providing greater protection against mines as well as staying under the 40-tons limit imposed by logistical constraints. The tank also had to offer a good cross-country capability when offroad, a high reverse speed was required but not a high forward top speed. The new project, called A41, had to surpass the Comet tank in all areas except the main armament for which the 17-pdr gun was still deemed effective enough to deal with enemy tanks.<br />
<br />
===Development===<br />
Early in the development, it became clear that the 40-tons limit imposed by logistical constraints (transport trailers, Bailey truss bridge, etc.) could not be held if the other requirements were to stay the same (armour and turret size). The limit was raised to 50 tons and the tank's maximal size for railway bridges and tunnels was also scrapped.<br />
The hull was designed larger, welded and with sloped armour. The turret was made of thick cast armour, with the sides sloped and overall wider than previous tanks to fit the 17-pdr gun and 3 crew members.<br />
Inside the hull was installed a Rolls-Royce turbojet, the engine found on the Gloster Meteor.<br />
The suspension was changed to a Horstmann suspension to reduce its size and encroachment while allowing for modular maintenance in the field.<br />
Prototypes for evaluation arrived in Belgium less than a month after the end of WW2 in Europe and manufacturing began later in 1945.<br />
The new A41 tank was subsequently designated the Centurion. During its test phase, it demonstrated better performance than the Comet in all areas and was adopted by the British Army.<br />
<br />
===Combat usage===<br />
The Centurion Mk 1 never saw combat and was quickly upgraded to Mk 2 and 3 with the introduction of the 20-pdr gun.<br />
The first Centurions to see combat were British and Canadian Centurions Mk 3 in Korea in the 1950s where the tank gained its laurels and became a major export success.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=britain&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=uk_centurion_mk_1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|I5sGIacZ5jU|'''Centurion Mk1 Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|XThuUn_3u30|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review - APDS Only''' - ''Napalmratte''|HsiYQG4dKaQ|'''British Blitzkrieg - {{PAGENAME}} Review''' - ''MikeGoesBoom''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis<br />
<br />
* [[Centurion (Family)]]<br />
<br />
;Vehicles equipped with the same gun and ammunition<br />
<br />
* [[Challenger]]<br />
* [[Black Prince]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/news/4515-development-centurion-mk-i-a-tank-for-a-new-era-en|[Devblog] Centurion Mk I: A Tank for a New Era]]<br />
* [[wikipedia:Centurion (tank)|[Wikipedia] Centurion]]<br />
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/UK/FV-4200_Centurion <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> FV4007 Centurion]<br />
<br />
{{Britain medium tanks}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Centurion_Mk_1&diff=105739Centurion Mk 12021-06-12T07:32:24Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = British medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| usage = other versions<br />
| link = Centurion (Family)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=uk_centurion_mk_1<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.67 "Assault"]]. It is equipped with the well-known British [[Ordnance QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|QF 17-pounder]] mounted on a new hull that definitively makes the Cromwell chassis outdated.<br />
<br />
This tank does not play like any of the preceding British vehicles: while its mobility is below average for a rank IV medium, it compensates with armour, meaning that you will actually be able to withstand frontal combat and return fire, even if you get hit. It is the first medium to feature the late-game British armour pattern: a strong turret, thick and well-angled upper-glacis, weak lower glacis and thin sides. British tankers must get used to this configuration since it is found on every following medium tank.<br />
<br />
The Centurion Mk 1 moves away from the familiar Cromwell chassis. While not being as fast or manoeuvrable, It does have sloped frontal armour, a strongly armoured turret, and a good QF 17-pounder gun with access to APDS.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret sides, Turret roof)<br />
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret front, Gun mantlet, Cupola)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 76.2 mm (58°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 76.2 mm (44°) ''Lower glacis'' || 51 (12°) + 6 mm || 38 mm (7°) ''Top'' <br> 38 mm (18°) ''Bottom'' || 29 mm <br> 8-14 mm ''Engine deck''<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 127 mm (2-58°) ''Turret front'' <br> 127 mm (6-40°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 76 mm (9-11°) || 76 mm (1°) <br> 38 mm (89°) ''Turret underside'' || 25 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 90 mm || 25 mm ''Outer ring'' <br> 19 mm ''Centre''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
*Tracks and suspension wheels are both 20 mm thick.<br />
*The steel boxes around the turret and hull give a 4 mm additional protection, though this seems to be a negligible addition.<br />
*Skirting are placed on the sides of the Centurion, giving an additional 6 mm of side protection and can act as spaced armour.<br />
*An internal structural plate of 17 mm thickness separates the forward ammo rack from the driver as seen in X-ray mode.<br />
*Another internal 17 mm structural plate with large openings separates the driving compartment from the fighting compartment.<br />
<br />
The {{PAGENAME}} is the first tank players will encounter in the British tech tree that sports a sloped hull front similar to the Panther, which with a thickness of 76.2 mm provides great protection for its battle rating, especially when the hull is angled slightly. Turret armour features 127 mm thickness throughout the front but features many flat areas that cannons of sufficient power will exploit to destroy the tank, especially since 3 out of the 4 crew members are located in the turret. Side armour can withstand auto-cannon fire with exceptions for HVAP rounds, so don't rely on it outside of that. If the situation becomes sticky and a tactical retreat is required, a single wide volley of smoke grenades launched from the turret can cover you from the line-of-sight.<br />
<br />
The main improvement from previous British mediums is its thick and sloped armour. Reaching 152 mm on the turret and a good 76 mm angled at 58° on the front hull, this tanks can actually block point-blank shots from most cannons it will face like the Russian [[D-5T (85 mm)|D-5T]], the Japanese [[Type II Model II (75 mm)|Type II 75 mm]] and even some German guns at 500 m. This tank can actually expose its upper glacis since it will bounce most shots. This tank still has weak spots though: gun and MG mantlet are "only" 127 mm thick, barely angled and lower glacis are 76 mm at 44°, meaning close-range shots will eventually penetrate. It also has thin side armour, meaning that the tank is vulnerable to flank attacks and compound angling cannot be done effectively without exposing the sides. These traits mean that the {{PAGENAME}} can happily stand up most frontal shots at this rank.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=984|rbMinHp=562}}<br />
<br />
The Centurion easily reaches its top speed of 39 km/h on almost any ground, due to its wide tracks and a good engine, even at stock performances. It also has a refreshingly good reverse speed (~13 km/h) (compared to the dreadful reverse speed of tanks on the Cromwell chassis) and can turn on the spot quite fast.<br />
<br />
Compared to the many Cromwell based tanks before the Centurion, it does lose out on a great forward speed, only being able to reach 41 km/h (AB) / 37 km/h (RB) maximum, but in return it does receive great reverse speed of 13.4 km/h (AB)/12.1 km/h (RB), allowing for tactics that would not be recommended with the Cromwell like "Peek-a-boos". It also retains good maneuverability, effective neutral steering, and a very acceptable acceleration due to good power-to-weight ratio.<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|QF 17-pounder (76 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The gun does not fire any shells with explosive filler, meaning that pinpoint accuracy is needed to get reliable kills (aiming for important modules, crew, or ammo racks). This canon's reload rate is faster than average at this BR, meaning you will be able to land 2 shots before your enemy can even fire. As any other tanks equipped with the [[Ordnance QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|QF 17-pounder]], you will have to grind through subpar AP, APBC and APCBC shells before getting APDS. This last type of shell helps make accuracy quite easy and remains effective at long ranges while not being too costly in terms of silver lions.<br />
<br />
A minor issue to notice is that the machine gun has very poor elevation and is loader-controlled, meaning that it cannot target even low flying aircraft and that it will be disabled once you lose two or more crew members.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|76 mm QF 17-pounder]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 75 || rowspan="2" | -12°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 17.14 || 23.72 || 28.80 || 31.84 || 33.88 || rowspan="2" | 7.67 || rowspan="2" | 6.79 || rowspan="2" | 6.25 || rowspan="2" | 5.90<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 10.71 || 12.60 || 15.30 || 16.92 || 18.00<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 171 || 168 || 155 || 139 || 126 || 113<br />
|-<br />
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 171 || 168 || 155 || 139 || 126 || 113<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 190 || 187 || 172 || 155 || 140 || 126<br />
|-<br />
| Shot SV Mk.1 || APDS || 228 || 226 || 207 || 189 || 159 || 134<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 883 || 6.98 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 580 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot SV Mk.1 || APDS || 1,203 || 1.73 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics<br />
|-<br />
! Ammunition<br />
! Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! Screen radius<br>(m)<br />
! Screen deploy time<br>(s)<br />
! Screen hold time<br>(s)<br />
! Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
|-<br />
| 17pdr Shell SS Mk.1 || 229 || 8.44 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
<!-- '''Last updated: 1.101.0.109''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! 7th<br>rack empty<br />
! 8th<br>rack empty<br />
! 9th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''75''' || 74&nbsp;''(+1)'' || 73&nbsp;''(+2)'' || 68&nbsp;''(+7)'' || 38&nbsp;''(+37)'' || 30&nbsp;''(+45)'' || 22&nbsp;''(+53)'' || 14&nbsp;''(+61)'' || 6&nbsp;''(+69)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+74)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
The QF 17-pounder cannon fires single-piece ammunition stored in stowage racks in the hull floor and the hull front next to the driver.<br />
<br />
Notes:<br />
<br />
* Recommended ammo load is 38 to remove the large ammo rack at the front of the hull.<br />
* Ammo rack 9 is a ready rack, and takes priority in being filled at the beginning of the battle.<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|BESA (7.92 mm)}}<br />
<br />
Unlike many turret-mounted machine guns that are co-axial, this machine gun is mounted in pintle mount similar to hull-mounted machine guns, so it is able to independently traverse on its own to a degree, a trait that is shared with the Soviet T-28. This can provide a slight advantage when the turret ring is disabled, as it can allow more accurate fire without the need to move the turret/hull.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[BESA (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm BESA]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Coaxial || 3,375 (225) || 600 || ±7° || ±7°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
'''Overview:'''<br />
<br />
The Centurion Mk 1 is widely considered as the first Main Battle Tank, and plays in the role of a medium/heavy. The armour is satisfactory against most enemy weapons, although it should not be relied upon. The 17 pounder cannon is very effective against enemy armour, although its post penetration damage is lacklustre. The tank is not particularly fast, but is mobile, especially in reverse.<br />
<br />
'''Strategies:'''<br />
<br />
Centurion tank commanders should use cover and be careful for the majority of the time. When the opportunity arises, the Centurion can help lead the charge against enemy medium and heavy tanks. Centurion commanders should keep in mind that the APDS ammunition is unlikely to destroy enemy vehicles in one shot, so they may need to expose themselves to enemy fire for extended periods of time in order to secure a kill. Generally, the Centurion plays similarly to other medium tanks of the tier. It is best practice to angle the turret, but the hull should not be angled due to the thin side armour.<br />
<br />
In terms of engagement ranges, the Centurion works well at both long and short ranges. The issue with sniping in the centurion is that it is very difficult to secure kills with the lacklustre post penetration damage. Because of this, medium and short range engagements are preferable.<br />
<br />
'''Notable Enemies:'''<br />
<br />
Fighting at 5.7 BR tank battles, the Centurion faces many iconic German big cats like the Tiger I and Panther. The Centurion is capable of going head to head with the big cats. The APDS rounds will slice through the Tiger at most angles, and can even penetrate the upper front plate of a Panther at close ranges. This round can even penetrate the Jagdpanther. It can also easily penetrate the hull of the IS-1 and early IS-2. Generally when firing at enemies, be careful to aim for the flat parts of the armour. APDS ammunition does not handle angled armour very well.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Fast firing 17-pounder armament with APDS rounds<br />
* Good gun depression of -12°<br />
* Tough round and sloped armour that is quite resistant to the 85mm, 76mm and even the German 88 mm (KwK 36) guns at medium/long range<br />
* Turret's top armour is thick, can resist most aircraft guns<br />
* Average mobility and decent manoeuvrability<br />
* Good reverse speed and neutral steering<br />
* Benefits greatly from the learning curve of the Comet I and Challenger, their players will find themselves at home when playing the Centurion<br />
* Mastering this tank will provide a good learning curve for the next Centurion variants<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Precision and knowledge of enemy tanks are required, because APDS localized damage<br />
* Large tank size, especially length<br />
* Weak side armour, angling the armour too much will result in the side armour being penetrated<br />
* Centurion Mk 1 is slow for a medium tank<br />
* Unlike its later iterations, no [[Gun stabilizer|gun stabilizer]]<br />
* Weak Lower Frontal Plate (LFP) ammo rack also present there, a weakness carried over to all British tanks onward<br />
* Top armour covering the engine is poor, only 8 mm<br />
* Only 6 shells available before first order ammo rack is depleted, increasing reload time<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
<br />
===Design===<br />
In 1943, the British War Office mandated the Directorate of Tank Design to start working on a new heavy cruiser tank. The requirements stated that the new tank should be capable of withstanding a direct hit from the infamous German 88 mm gun, while providing greater protection against mines as well as staying under the 40-tons limit imposed by logistical constraints. The tank also had to offer a good cross-country capability when offroad, a high reverse speed was required but not a high forward top speed. The new project, called A41, had to surpass the Comet tank in all areas except the main armament for which the 17-pdr gun was still deemed effective enough to deal with enemy tanks.<br />
<br />
===Development===<br />
Early in the development, it became clear that the 40-tons limit imposed by logistical constraints (transport trailers, Bailey truss bridge, etc.) could not be held if the other requirements were to stay the same (armour and turret size). The limit was raised to 50 tons and the tank's maximal size for railway bridges and tunnels was also scrapped.<br />
The hull was designed larger, welded and with sloped armour. The turret was made of thick cast armour, with the sides sloped and overall wider than previous tanks to fit the 17-pdr gun and 3 crew members.<br />
Inside the hull was installed a Rolls-Royce turbojet, the engine found on the Gloster Meteor.<br />
The suspension was changed to a Horstmann suspension to reduce its size and encroachment while allowing for modular maintenance in the field.<br />
Prototypes for evaluation arrived in Belgium less than a month after the end of WW2 in Europe and manufacturing began later in 1945.<br />
The new A41 tank was subsequently designated the Centurion. During its test phase, it demonstrated better performance than the Comet in all areas and was adopted by the British Army.<br />
<br />
===Combat usage===<br />
The Centurion Mk 1 never saw combat and was quickly upgraded to Mk 2 and 3 with the introduction of the 20-pdr gun.<br />
The first Centurions to see combat were British and Canadian Centurions Mk 3 in Korea in the 1950s where the tank gained its laurels and became a major export success.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=britain&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=uk_centurion_mk_1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|I5sGIacZ5jU|'''Centurion Mk1 Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|XThuUn_3u30|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review - APDS Only''' - ''Napalmratte''|HsiYQG4dKaQ|'''British Blitzkrieg - {{PAGENAME}} Review''' - ''MikeGoesBoom''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis<br />
<br />
* [[Centurion (Family)]]<br />
<br />
;Vehicles equipped with the same gun and ammunition<br />
<br />
* [[Challenger]]<br />
* [[Black Prince]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/news/4515-development-centurion-mk-i-a-tank-for-a-new-era-en|[Devblog] Centurion Mk I: A Tank for a New Era]]<br />
* [[wikipedia:Centurion (tank)|[Wikipedia] Centurion]]<br />
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/UK/FV-4200_Centurion <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> FV4007 Centurion]<br />
<br />
{{Britain medium tanks}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Lorraine_37L&diff=103472Lorraine 37L2021-05-22T06:31:53Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=fr_lorraine_37l<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]].<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
<br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, gun shield)<br />
* Cast homogeneous armour (transmission carter, gun mount base)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 9 mm (32-33°) ''Upper plate'' <br> 6 mm (74-75°) ''Upper Glacis'' <br> 9 mm (cylindrical) ''Transmission carter'' || 6 mm (35°) ''Top - Engine compartment'' <br> 6 mm ''Top - Gun platform'' <br> 6 mm ''Bottom'' || 6 mm ''Gun platform'' <br> 6 mm (19°) ''Lower glacis'' || 6 mm (13-14°) ''Driver compartment'' <br> 4 mm ''Engine Compartment''<br />
|-<br />
| Gun mount || 5 mm ''Gun mount base - Bottom'' <br> 13 mm ''Gun mount base - Top'' <br> 7 mm ''Gun Shield'' || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | N/A<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels and bogies are 10 mm thick while tracks are 15 mm thick.<br />
* The gun breech is 150 mm thick.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' -->{{tankMobility|abMinHp=99|rbMinHp=62}}<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|SA37 (47 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[SA37 (47 mm)|47 mm SA37]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 22 || rowspan="2" | -13°/+16° || rowspan="2" | ±34° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 10.6 || 14.6 ||17.8||19.6|| 20.9 || rowspan="2" | 3.90 || rowspan="2" |3.45|| rowspan="2" |3.18|| rowspan="2" | 3.00<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 7.1 || 8.4 ||10.2||11.3|| 12.0<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
The armour-piercing capped round Mle 1936 has a high penetration power for the battle rating but lacks the post-penetration damage with the absence of an explosive filler. The lack of base tracer also makes it difficult to correct your targeting at long distance as you can't properly visualize the trajectory of your shell.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Mle1936 || APC || 94 || 90 || 73 || 56 || 43 || 33<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Mle1936 || APC || 855 || 1.73 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<!-- '''Last updated: 2.1.0.81''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''22''' || 1&nbsp;''(+21)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
Notes:<br />
<br />
* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.<br />
* It is recommended to go into battle with a full rack as the ammo capacity is already limited.<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
<br />
;Combat tactics<br />
<br />
Virtually unarmoured, the {{PAGENAME}} is better used to snipe or ambush the enemy. Its gun has a good rate of fire, but many other guns at this rank will reload as fast as yours. The gun is extremely powerful for its rank, which means you will penetrate almost any target, so there is no need to throw yourself in front of the enemy: position yourself at a safe distance from the fronline action. An open-backed SPG should never be flanked: put at least 500 m between you and your target and watch your sides for sneaking foes. While the gun can be sufficient to destroy most enemies in a single shot, more heavily armoured enemies will need several well-aimed shots to be fully disabled. The gun's ballistics are somewhat tricky without a base tracer and the ammo count is limited, so aim carefully and accurately. <br />
At the start of the match, use your good mobility to get to a location overlooking enemy movement routes or a sniping spot to engage advancing enemy vehicles. Make sure to change your position every few shots to prevent enemies from tracking you down and targeting you with either artillery strikes or close air support attacks. Even light machine gun fire is a big threat as most of your crew members sit in the open: planes are very dangerous with the {{PAGENAME}} having no anti-aircraft armament to counter them. Therefore, it is best to remain hidden or behind cover.<br />
<br />
;Notable enemies<br />
<br />
With its thin armour, any enemy can knock out the {{PAGENAME}} with prolonged light MG fire. But some stand out by their dangerosity:<br />
<br />
* Tanks and tank destroyers firing HEAT shells: LVT(A)(4), M8 Scott, Pz.IV C, Nb.Fz., 15cm sIG 33 B Sfl, Sd.Kfz. 234/3, Ho-Ro, Chi-Ha Short Gun, M8 HMC (China) and Spj fm/43-44.<br />
* Fast-firing light tanks which can shower you continuously with bullets: M2A2, Pz.II C, Pz.II C (DAK), Pz.II F, Sd.Kfz.234/1, T-60, AB 41, L3/33 CC, L6/40, AMD.35 and AMR.35 ZT3.<br />
* Fast-firing SPAA vehicles which can shower you continuously with bullets: M13 MGMC, Flakpanzer I, GAZ-AAA (DShK), GAZ-AAA (4M), Light AA Mk I, Type 94, Ta-Se, AS42, P7T AA and Pvlvv fm/42.<br />
<br />
;How to defeat a {{PAGENAME}}<br />
<br />
* Do not attack the tank destroyer frontally as it will most likely hit you first. <br />
* If alone, flanking the {{PAGENAME}} undetected and immobilizing it with your first shot remains your best chance to destroy it. But it is difficult because it will position very far from the frontline.<br />
* Initiate a pincer move on it together with a teammate. As a turretless tank destroyer with weak armour, this will force it to retreat and relocate or face the risk of being destroyed.<br />
* If you have no other option than to attack the {{PAGENAME}} frontally, blind it with smoke before closing the gap or force it out of position with indirect fire (artillery strikes).<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:''' <br />
<br />
* Very good penetration for a 47 mm at this rank<br />
* Excellent post-penetration damage even without HE filler, much improved over the 47 mm SA35 common to other French tanks<br />
* Fast firing cannon<br />
* Very good gun depression and traverse arc<br />
* The projectile does not have any tracer component in its rounds; enemy players cannot deduce your position from the round's trajectory<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* The side and rear of the vehicle have very little armour, leaving three of the four crew members with almost no protection from artillery and incoming fire<br />
* Mid and long-range shots difficult to correct without any tracer component in the round to visually track the round's trajectory<br />
* Gun wobbles after stopping making a delay in aiming<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
=== [[wt:en/news/6899-development-lorraine-37l-antichar-anti-tank-tractor-en|Devblog]] ===<br />
During the German invasion of France in mid 1940, the French army suffered heavy losses, especially when it came to its armoured vehicles. As a result, several urgent attempts were made to create improvised combat vehicles from resources available to French engineers in order to bolster the strength of the army, which faced a seemingly unstoppable invasion.<br />
<br />
One of these projects was the conversion of the Lorraine 37L tractor into a tank destroyer by fitting it with a 47 mm SA37 anti-tank gun. The conversion took little time, with the prototype being ready in just a few weeks, however by the time construction was completed, France had already fallen. As a result, the prototype never saw combat action and was instead captured by German forces following the occupation.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=france&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=tank_destroyer&vehicle=fr_lorraine_37l Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Images<br />
<gallery mode="packed" caption="Lorraine 37L Devblog Images" heights="170"><br />
File:Lorrainne 37L WTWallpaper 001.jpg|<br />
File:Lorrainne 37L WTWallpaper 002.jpg|<br />
File:Lorrainne 37L WTWallpaper 003.jpg|<br />
File:Lorrainne 37L WTWallpaper 004.jpg|<br />
File:Lorrainne 37L WTWallpaper 005.jpg|<br />
File:Lorrainne 37L WTWallpaper 006.jpg|<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|UWCc_wTVuqU|'''Spade Review. {{PAGENAME}}. A New meme machine''' - ''Joseph 2000''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role<br />
<br />
* [[Panzerjager I|Panzerjäger I]]<br />
* [[SU-5-1]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/news/6899-development-lorraine-37l-antichar-anti-tank-tractor-en|[Devblog] Lorraine 37L Antichar: Anti tank tractor]]<br />
* [https://www.tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/france/Lorraine-37L.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Lorraine 37L]<br />
<br />
{{France tank destroyers}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Centurion_Mk_1&diff=103336Centurion Mk 12021-05-20T14:28:30Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = British medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| usage = other versions<br />
| link = Centurion (Family)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=uk_centurion_mk_1<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.67 "Assault"]]. It is equipped with the well-known British [[Ordnance QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|QF 17-pounder]] mounted on a new hull that definitively makes the Cromwell chassis outdated.<br />
<br />
This tank does not play like any of the preceding British vehicles: while its mobility is below average for a rank IV medium, it compensates with armour, meaning that you will actually be able to withstand frontal combat and return fire, even if you get hit. It is the first medium to feature the late-game British armour pattern: a strong turret, thick and well-angled upper-glacis, weak lower glacis and thin sides. British tankers must get used to this configuration since it is found on every following medium tank.<br />
<br />
The Centurion Mk 1 moves away from the familiar Cromwell chassis. While not being as fast or manoeuvrable, It does have sloped frontal armour, a strongly armoured turret, and a good QF 17-pounder gun with access to APDS.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret sides, Turret roof)<br />
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret front, Gun mantlet, Cupola)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 76.2 mm (58°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 76.2 mm (44°) ''Lower glacis'' || 51 (12°) + 6 mm || 38 mm (7°) ''Top'' <br> 38 mm (18°) ''Bottom'' || 29 mm <br> 8-14 mm ''Engine deck''<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 127 mm (2-58°) ''Turret front'' <br> 127 mm (6-40°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 76 mm (9-11°) || 76 mm (1°) <br> 38 mm (89°) ''Turret underside'' || 25 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 90 mm || 25 mm ''Outer ring'' <br> 19 mm ''Centre''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
*Tracks and suspension wheels are both 20 mm thick.<br />
*The steel boxes around the turret and hull give a 4 mm additional protection, though this seems to be a negligible addition.<br />
*Skirting are placed on the sides of the Centurion, giving an additional 6 mm of side protection and can act as spaced armour.<br />
*An internal structural plate of 17 mm thickness separates the forward ammo rack from the driver as seen in X-ray mode.<br />
*Another internal 17 mm structural plate with large openings separates the driving compartment from the fighting compartment.<br />
<br />
The {{PAGENAME}} is the first tank players will encounter in the British tech tree that sports a sloped hull front similar to the Panther, which with a thickness of 76.2 mm provides great protection for its battle rating, especially when the hull is angled slightly. Turret armour features 127 mm thickness throughout the front but features many flat areas that cannons of sufficient power will exploit to destroy the tank, especially since 3 out of the 4 crew members are located in the turret. Side armour can withstand auto-cannon fire with exceptions for HVAP rounds, so don't rely on it outside of that. If the situation becomes sticky and a tactical retreat is required, a single wide volley of smoke grenades launched from the turret can cover you from the line-of-sight.<br />
<br />
The main improvement from previous British mediums is its thick and sloped armour. Reaching 152 mm on the turret and a good 76 mm angled at 58° on the front hull, this tanks can actually block point-blank shots from most cannons it will face like the Russian [[D-5T (85 mm)|D-5T]], the Japanese [[Type II Model II (75 mm)|Type II 75 mm]] and even some German guns at 500 m. This tank can actually expose its upper glacis since it will bounce most shots. This tank still has weak spots though: gun and MG mantlet are "only" 127 mm thick, barely angled and lower glacis are 76 mm at 44°, meaning close-range shots will eventually penetrate. It also has thin side armour, meaning that the tank is vulnerable to flank attacks and compound angling cannot be done effectively without exposing the sides. These traits mean that the {{PAGENAME}} can happily stand up most frontal shots at this rank.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=984|rbMinHp=562}}<br />
<br />
The Centurion easily reaches its top speed of 39 km/h on almost any ground, due to its wide tracks and a good engine, even at stock performances. It also has a refreshingly good reverse speed (~13 km/h) (compared to the dreadful reverse speed of tanks on the Cromwell chassis) and can turn on the spot quite fast.<br />
<br />
Compared to the many Cromwell based tanks before the Centurion, it does lose out on a great forward speed, only being able to reach 41 km/h (AB) / 37 km/h (RB) maximum, but in return it does receive great reverse speed of 13.4 km/h (AB)/12.1 km/h (RB), allowing for tactics that would not be recommended with the Cromwell like "Peek-a-boos". It also retains good maneuverability, effective neutral steering, and a very acceptable acceleration due to good power-to-weight ratio.<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|QF 17-pounder (76 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The gun does not fire any shells with explosive filler, meaning that pinpoint accuracy is needed to get reliable kills (aiming for important modules, crew, or ammo racks). This canon's reload rate is faster than average at this BR, meaning you will be able to land 2 shots before your enemy can even fire. As any other tanks equipped with the [[Ordnance QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|QF 17-pounder]], you will have to grind through subpar AP, APBC and APCBC shells before getting APDS. This last type of shell helps make accuracy quite easy and remains effective at long ranges while not being too costly in terms of silver lions.<br />
<br />
A minor issue to notice is that the machine gun has very poor elevation and is loader-controlled, meaning that it cannot target even low flying aircraft and that it will be disabled once you lose two or more crew members.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|76 mm QF 17-pounder]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 75 || rowspan="2" | -12°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 17.14 || 23.72 || 28.80 || 31.84 || 33.88 || rowspan="2" | 7.67 || rowspan="2" | 6.79 || rowspan="2" | 6.25 || rowspan="2" | 5.90<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 10.71 || 12.60 || 15.30 || 16.92 || 18.00<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 171 || 168 || 155 || 139 || 126 || 113<br />
|-<br />
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 171 || 168 || 155 || 139 || 126 || 113<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 190 || 187 || 172 || 155 || 140 || 126<br />
|-<br />
| Shot SV Mk.1 || APDS || 228 || 226 || 207 || 189 || 159 || 134<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 883 || 6.98 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 580 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot SV Mk.1 || APDS || 1,203 || 1.73 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics<br />
|-<br />
! Ammunition<br />
! Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! Screen radius<br>(m)<br />
! Screen deploy time<br>(s)<br />
! Screen hold time<br>(s)<br />
! Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
|-<br />
| 17pdr Shell SS Mk.1 || 229 || 8.44 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
<!-- '''Last updated: 1.101.0.109''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! 7th<br>rack empty<br />
! 8th<br>rack empty<br />
! 9th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''75''' || 74&nbsp;''(+1)'' || 73&nbsp;''(+2)'' || 68&nbsp;''(+7)'' || 38&nbsp;''(+37)'' || 30&nbsp;''(+45)'' || 22&nbsp;''(+53)'' || 14&nbsp;''(+61)'' || 6&nbsp;''(+69)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+74)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
The QF 17-pounder cannon fires single-piece ammunition stored in stowage racks in the hull floor and the hull front next to the driver.<br />
<br />
Notes:<br />
<br />
* Recommended ammo load is 38 to remove the large ammo rack at the front of the hull.<br />
* Ammo rack 9 is a ready rack, and takes priority in being filled at the beginning of the battle.<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|BESA (7.92 mm)}}<br />
<br />
Unlike many turret-mounted machine guns that are co-axial, this machine gun is mounted in pintle mount similar to hull-mounted machine guns, so it is able to independently traverse on its own to a degree, a trait that is shared with the Soviet T-28. This can provide a slight advantage when the turret ring is disabled, as it can allow more accurate fire without the need to move the turret/hull.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[BESA (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm BESA]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Coaxial || 3,375 (225) || 600 || ±7° || ±7°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
'''Overview:'''<br />
<br />
The Centurion Mk 1 is widely considered as the first Main Battle Tank, and plays in the role of a medium/heavy. The armour is satisfactory against most enemy weapons, although it should not be relied upon. The 17 pounder cannon is very effective against enemy armour, although its post penetration damage is lacklustre. The tank is not particularly fast, but is mobile, especially in reverse.<br />
<br />
'''Strategies:'''<br />
<br />
Centurion tank commanders should use cover and be careful for the majority of the time. When the opportunity arises, the Centurion can help lead the charge against enemy medium and heavy tanks. Centurion commanders should keep in mind that the APDS ammunition is unlikely to destroy enemy vehicles in one shot, so they may need to expose themselves to enemy fire for extended periods of time in order to secure a kill. Generally, the Centurion plays similarly to other medium tanks of the tier. It is best practice to angle the turret, but the hull should not be angled due to the thin side armour.<br />
<br />
In terms of engagement ranges, the Centurion works well at both long and short ranges. The issue with sniping in the centurion is that it is very difficult to secure kills with the lacklustre post penetration damage. Because of this, medium and short range engagements are preferable.<br />
<br />
'''Notable Enemies:'''<br />
<br />
Fighting at 5.7 BR tank battles, the Centurion faces many iconic German big cats like the Tiger I and Panther. The Centurion is capable of going head to head with the big cats. The APDS rounds will slice through the Tiger at most angles, and can even penetrate the upper front plate of a Panther at close ranges. This round can even penetrate the Jagdpanther. It can also easily penetrate the hull of the IS-1 and early IS-2. Generally when firing at enemies, be careful to aim for the flat parts of the armour. APDS ammunition does not handle angled armour very well.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Fast firing 17-pounder armament with APDS rounds<br />
* Good gun depression of -12°<br />
* Tough round and sloped armour that is quite resistant to the 85mm, 76mm and even the German 88 mm (KwK 36) guns at medium/long range<br />
* Turret's top armour is thick, can resist most aircraft guns<br />
* Average mobility and decent manoeuvrability<br />
* Good reverse speed and neutral steering<br />
* Benefits greatly from the learning curve of the Comet I and Challenger, their players will find themselves at home when playing the Centurion<br />
* Mastering this tank will provide a good learning curve for the next Centurion variants<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Precision and knowledge of enemy tanks are required, because APDS localized damage<br />
* Large tank size, especially length<br />
* Weak side armour, angling the armour too much will result in the side armour being penetrated<br />
* Centurion Mk 1 is slow for a medium tank<br />
* Unlike its later iterations, no [[Gun stabilizer|gun stabilizer]]<br />
* Weak Lower Frontal Plate (LFP) ammo rack also present there, a weakness carried over to all British tanks onward<br />
* Top armour covering the engine is poor, only 8 mm<br />
* First load order shells are only 6 shots, increasing reload after depleting it<br />
* Inaccurate APDS shot<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
<br />
===Design===<br />
In 1943, the British War Office mandated the Directorate of Tank Design to start working on a new heavy cruiser tank. The requirements stated that the new tank should be capable of withstanding a direct hit from the infamous German 88 mm gun, while providing greater protection against mines as well as staying under the 40-tons limit imposed by logistical constraints. The tank also had to offer a good cross-country capability when offroad, a high reverse speed was required but not a high forward top speed. The new project, called A41, had to surpass the Comet tank in all areas except the main armament for which the 17-pdr gun was still deemed effective enough to deal with enemy tanks.<br />
<br />
===Development===<br />
Early in the development, it became clear that the 40-tons limit imposed by logistical constraints (transport trailers, Bailey truss bridge, etc.) could not be held if the other requirements were to stay the same (armour and turret size). The limit was raised to 50 tons and the tank's maximal size for railway bridges and tunnels was also scrapped.<br />
The hull was designed larger, welded and with sloped armour. The turret was made of thick cast armour, with the sides sloped and overall wider than previous tanks to fit the 17-pdr gun and 3 crew members.<br />
Inside the hull was installed a Rolls-Royce turbojet, the engine found on the Gloster Meteor.<br />
The suspension was changed to a Horstmann suspension to reduce its size and encroachment while allowing for modular maintenance in the field.<br />
Prototypes for evaluation arrived in Belgium less than a month after the end of WW2 in Europe and manufacturing began later in 1945.<br />
The new A41 tank was subsequently designated the Centurion. During its test phase, it demonstrated better performance than the Comet in all areas and was adopted by the British Army.<br />
<br />
===Combat usage===<br />
The Centurion Mk 1 never saw combat and was quickly upgraded to Mk 2 and 3 with the introduction of the 20-pdr gun.<br />
The first Centurions to see combat were British and Canadian Centurions Mk 3 in Korea in the 1950s where the tank gained its laurels and became a major export success.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=britain&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=uk_centurion_mk_1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|I5sGIacZ5jU|'''Centurion Mk1 Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|XThuUn_3u30|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review - APDS Only''' - ''Napalmratte''|HsiYQG4dKaQ|'''British Blitzkrieg - {{PAGENAME}} Review''' - ''MikeGoesBoom''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis<br />
<br />
* [[Centurion (Family)]]<br />
<br />
;Vehicles equipped with the same gun and ammunition<br />
<br />
* [[Challenger]]<br />
* [[Black Prince]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/news/4515-development-centurion-mk-i-a-tank-for-a-new-era-en|[Devblog] Centurion Mk I: A Tank for a New Era]]<br />
* [[wikipedia:Centurion (tank)|[Wikipedia] Centurion]]<br />
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/UK/FV-4200_Centurion <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> FV4007 Centurion]<br />
<br />
{{Britain medium tanks}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Centurion_Mk_1&diff=103335Centurion Mk 12021-05-20T14:22:48Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = British medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| usage = other versions<br />
| link = Centurion (Family)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=uk_centurion_mk_1<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.67 "Assault"]]. It is equipped with the well-known British [[Ordnance QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|QF 17-pounder]] mounted on a new hull that definitively makes the Cromwell chassis outdated.<br />
<br />
This tank does not play like any of the preceding British vehicles: while its mobility is below average for a rank IV medium, it compensates with armour, meaning that you will actually be able to withstand frontal combat and return fire, even if you get hit. It is the first medium to feature the late-game British armour pattern: a strong turret, thick and well-angled upper-glacis, weak lower glacis and thin sides. British tankers must get used to this configuration since it is found on every following medium tank.<br />
<br />
The Centurion Mk 1 moves away from the familiar Cromwell chassis. While not being as fast or manoeuvrable, It does have sloped frontal armour, a strongly armoured turret, and a good QF 17-pounder gun with access to APDS.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret sides, Turret roof)<br />
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret front, Gun mantlet, Cupola)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 76.2 mm (58°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 76.2 mm (44°) ''Lower glacis'' || 51 (12°) + 6 mm || 38 mm (7°) ''Top'' <br> 38 mm (18°) ''Bottom'' || 29 mm <br> 8-14 mm ''Engine deck''<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 127 mm (2-58°) ''Turret front'' <br> 127 mm (6-40°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 76 mm (9-11°) || 76 mm (1°) <br> 38 mm (89°) ''Turret underside'' || 25 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 90 mm || 25 mm ''Outer ring'' <br> 19 mm ''Centre''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
*Tracks and suspension wheels are both 20 mm thick.<br />
*The steel boxes around the turret and hull give a 4 mm additional protection, though this seems to be a negligible addition.<br />
*Skirting are placed on the sides of the Centurion, giving an additional 6 mm of side protection and can act as spaced armour.<br />
*An internal structural plate of 17 mm thickness separates the forward ammo rack from the driver as seen in X-ray mode.<br />
*Another internal 17 mm structural plate with large openings separates the driving compartment from the fighting compartment.<br />
<br />
The {{PAGENAME}} is the first tank players will encounter in the British tech tree that sports a sloped hull front similar to the Panther, which with a thickness of 76.2 mm provides great protection for its battle rating, especially when the hull is angled slightly. Turret armour features 127 mm thickness throughout the front but features many flat areas that cannons of sufficient power will exploit to destroy the tank, especially since 3 out of the 4 crew members are located in the turret. Side armour can withstand auto-cannon fire with exceptions for HVAP rounds, so don't rely on it outside of that. If the situation becomes sticky and a tactical retreat is required, a single wide volley of smoke grenades launched from the turret can cover you from the line-of-sight.<br />
<br />
The main improvement from previous British mediums is its thick and sloped armour. Reaching 152 mm on the turret and a good 76 mm angled at 58° on the front hull, this tanks can actually block point-blank shots from most cannons it will face like the Russian [[D-5T (85 mm)|D-5T]], the Japanese [[Type II Model II (75 mm)|Type II 75 mm]] and even some German guns at 500 m. This tank can actually expose its upper glacis since it will bounce most shots. This tank still has weak spots though: gun and MG mantlet are "only" 127 mm thick, barely angled and lower glacis are 76 mm at 44°, meaning close-range shots will eventually penetrate. It also has thin side armour, meaning that the tank is vulnerable to flank attacks and compound angling cannot be done effectively without exposing the sides. These traits mean that the {{PAGENAME}} can happily stand up most frontal shots at this rank.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=984|rbMinHp=562}}<br />
<br />
The Centurion easily reaches its top speed of 39 km/h on almost any ground, due to its wide tracks and a good engine, even at stock performances. It also has a refreshingly good reverse speed (~13 km/h) (compared to the dreadful reverse speed of tanks on the Cromwell chassis) and can turn on the spot quite fast.<br />
<br />
Compared to the many Cromwell based tanks before the Centurion, it does lose out on a great forward speed, only being able to reach 41 km/h (AB) / 37 km/h (RB) maximum, but in return it does receive great reverse speed of 13.4 km/h (AB)/12.1 km/h (RB), allowing for tactics that would not be recommended with the Cromwell like "Peek-a-boos". It also retains good maneuverability, effective neutral steering, and a very acceptable acceleration due to good power-to-weight ratio.<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|QF 17-pounder (76 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The gun does not fire any shells with explosive filler, meaning that pinpoint accuracy is needed to get reliable kills (aiming for important modules, crew, or ammo racks). This canon's reload rate is faster than average at this BR, meaning you will be able to land 2 shots before your enemy can even fire. As any other tanks equipped with the [[Ordnance QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|QF 17-pounder]], you will have to grind through subpar AP, APBC and APCBC shells before getting APDS. This last type of shell helps make accuracy quite easy and remains effective at long ranges while not being too costly in terms of silver lions.<br />
<br />
A minor issue to notice is that the machine gun has very poor elevation and is loader-controlled, meaning that it cannot target even low flying aircraft and that it will be disabled once you lose two or more crew members.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|76 mm QF 17-pounder]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 75 || rowspan="2" | -12°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 17.14 || 23.72 || 28.80 || 31.84 || 33.88 || rowspan="2" | 7.67 || rowspan="2" | 6.79 || rowspan="2" | 6.25 || rowspan="2" | 5.90<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 10.71 || 12.60 || 15.30 || 16.92 || 18.00<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 171 || 168 || 155 || 139 || 126 || 113<br />
|-<br />
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 171 || 168 || 155 || 139 || 126 || 113<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 190 || 187 || 172 || 155 || 140 || 126<br />
|-<br />
| Shot SV Mk.1 || APDS || 228 || 226 || 207 || 189 || 159 || 134<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 883 || 6.98 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 580 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot SV Mk.1 || APDS || 1,203 || 1.73 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics<br />
|-<br />
! Ammunition<br />
! Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! Screen radius<br>(m)<br />
! Screen deploy time<br>(s)<br />
! Screen hold time<br>(s)<br />
! Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
|-<br />
| 17pdr Shell SS Mk.1 || 229 || 8.44 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
<!-- '''Last updated: 1.101.0.109''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! 7th<br>rack empty<br />
! 8th<br>rack empty<br />
! 9th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''75''' || 74&nbsp;''(+1)'' || 73&nbsp;''(+2)'' || 68&nbsp;''(+7)'' || 38&nbsp;''(+37)'' || 30&nbsp;''(+45)'' || 22&nbsp;''(+53)'' || 14&nbsp;''(+61)'' || 6&nbsp;''(+69)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+74)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
The QF 17-pounder cannon fires single-piece ammunition stored in stowage racks in the hull floor and the hull front next to the driver.<br />
<br />
Notes:<br />
<br />
* Recommended ammo load is 38 to remove the large ammo rack at the front of the hull.<br />
* Ammo rack 9 is a ready rack, and takes priority in being filled at the beginning of the battle.<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|BESA (7.92 mm)}}<br />
<br />
Unlike many turret-mounted machine guns that are co-axial, this machine gun is mounted in pintle mount similar to hull-mounted machine guns, so it is able to independently traverse on its own to a degree, a trait that is shared with the Soviet T-28. This can provide a slight advantage when the turret ring is disabled, as it can allow more accurate fire without the need to move the turret/hull.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[BESA (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm BESA]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Coaxial || 3,375 (225) || 600 || ±7° || ±7°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
'''Overview:'''<br />
<br />
The Centurion Mk 1 is widely considered as the first Main Battle Tank, and plays in the role of a medium/heavy. The armour is satisfactory against most enemy weapons, although it should not be relied upon. The 17 pounder cannon is very effective against enemy armour, although its post penetration damage is lacklustre. The tank is not particularly fast, but is mobile, especially in reverse.<br />
<br />
'''Strategies:'''<br />
<br />
Centurion tank commanders should use cover and be careful for the majority of the time. When the opportunity arises, the Centurion can help lead the charge against enemy medium and heavy tanks. Centurion commanders should keep in mind that the APDS ammunition is unlikely to destroy enemy vehicles in one shot, so they may need to expose themselves to enemy fire for extended periods of time in order to secure a kill. Generally, the Centurion plays similarly to other medium tanks of the tier. It is best practice to angle the turret, but the hull should not be angled due to the thin side armour.<br />
<br />
In terms of engagement ranges, the Centurion works well at both long and short ranges. The issue with sniping in the centurion is that it is very difficult to secure kills with the lacklustre post penetration damage. Because of this, medium and short range engagements are preferable.<br />
<br />
'''Notable Enemies:'''<br />
<br />
Fighting at 5.7 BR tank battles, the Centurion faces many iconic German big cats like the Tiger I and Panther. The Centurion is capable of going head to head with the big cats. The APDS rounds will slice through the Tiger at most angles, and can even penetrate the upper front plate of a Panther at close ranges. This round can even penetrate the Jagdpanther. It can also easily penetrate the hull of the IS-1 and early IS-2. Generally when firing at enemies, be careful to aim for the flat parts of the armour. APDS ammunition does not handle angled armour very well.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Fast firing 17-pounder armament with APDS rounds<br />
* Good gun depression of -12°<br />
* Tough round and sloped armour that is quite resistant to the 85mm, 76mm and even the German 88 mm (KwK 36) guns at medium/long range<br />
* Turret's top armour is thick, can resist most aircraft guns<br />
* Average mobility and decent manoeuvrability<br />
* Good reverse speed and neutral steering<br />
* Benefits greatly from the learning curve of the Comet I and Challenger, their players will find themselves at home when playing the Centurion<br />
* Mastering this tank will provide a good learning curve for the next Centurion variants<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Precision and knowledge of enemy tanks are required, because APDS localized damage<br />
* Large tank size, especially length<br />
* Weak side armour, angling the armour too much will result in the side armour being penetrated<br />
* Centurion Mk 1 is slow for a medium tank<br />
* Unlike its later iterations, no [[Gun stabilizer|gun stabilizer]]<br />
* Weak Lower Frontal Plate (LFP) ammo rack also present there, a weakness carried over to all British tanks onward<br />
* Top armour covering the engine is poor, only 8 mm<br />
* First load order shells are only 6 shots, increasing reload after depleting it<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
<br />
===Design===<br />
In 1943, the British War Office mandated the Directorate of Tank Design to start working on a new heavy cruiser tank. The requirements stated that the new tank should be capable of withstanding a direct hit from the infamous German 88 mm gun, while providing greater protection against mines as well as staying under the 40-tons limit imposed by logistical constraints. The tank also had to offer a good cross-country capability when offroad, a high reverse speed was required but not a high forward top speed. The new project, called A41, had to surpass the Comet tank in all areas except the main armament for which the 17-pdr gun was still deemed effective enough to deal with enemy tanks.<br />
<br />
===Development===<br />
Early in the development, it became clear that the 40-tons limit imposed by logistical constraints (transport trailers, Bailey truss bridge, etc.) could not be held if the other requirements were to stay the same (armour and turret size). The limit was raised to 50 tons and the tank's maximal size for railway bridges and tunnels was also scrapped.<br />
The hull was designed larger, welded and with sloped armour. The turret was made of thick cast armour, with the sides sloped and overall wider than previous tanks to fit the 17-pdr gun and 3 crew members.<br />
Inside the hull was installed a Rolls-Royce turbojet, the engine found on the Gloster Meteor.<br />
The suspension was changed to a Horstmann suspension to reduce its size and encroachment while allowing for modular maintenance in the field.<br />
Prototypes for evaluation arrived in Belgium less than a month after the end of WW2 in Europe and manufacturing began later in 1945.<br />
The new A41 tank was subsequently designated the Centurion. During its test phase, it demonstrated better performance than the Comet in all areas and was adopted by the British Army.<br />
<br />
===Combat usage===<br />
The Centurion Mk 1 never saw combat and was quickly upgraded to Mk 2 and 3 with the introduction of the 20-pdr gun.<br />
The first Centurions to see combat were British and Canadian Centurions Mk 3 in Korea in the 1950s where the tank gained its laurels and became a major export success.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=britain&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=uk_centurion_mk_1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|I5sGIacZ5jU|'''Centurion Mk1 Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|XThuUn_3u30|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review - APDS Only''' - ''Napalmratte''|HsiYQG4dKaQ|'''British Blitzkrieg - {{PAGENAME}} Review''' - ''MikeGoesBoom''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis<br />
<br />
* [[Centurion (Family)]]<br />
<br />
;Vehicles equipped with the same gun and ammunition<br />
<br />
* [[Challenger]]<br />
* [[Black Prince]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/news/4515-development-centurion-mk-i-a-tank-for-a-new-era-en|[Devblog] Centurion Mk I: A Tank for a New Era]]<br />
* [[wikipedia:Centurion (tank)|[Wikipedia] Centurion]]<br />
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/UK/FV-4200_Centurion <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> FV4007 Centurion]<br />
<br />
{{Britain medium tanks}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=M42&diff=102970M422021-05-15T09:39:02Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = American SPAA '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| other<br />
| usage-1 = other usages<br />
| link-1 = M42 (Disambiguation)<br />
| usage-2 = other vehicles of the family<br />
| link-2 = M42 (Family)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=us_m42_duster<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft (SPAA) gun {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.47 "Big Guns"]]. It is currently the third to last tank on the American SPAA line up, preceding the [[M163|M163 Vulcan]] and [[M247|M247 Sergeant York]]. While armed with the same turret and cannons from its predecessor the [[M19]], it has enhanced mobility by using the chassis of the [[M41A1|M41A1 Walker Bulldog]] light tank.<br />
<br />
The U.S. military awarded General Motors Corporation's tank division with a contract to design and build the M42 Duster, as an armoured light air-defence gun platform. Though initially developed to provide defence from air attacks, by the time the Duster was ready to be fielded in mass, the military switched gears determining that the Duster was not a useful tool against the jet aircraft which were beginning to fill the sky.<br />
<br />
While Self Propelled Anti-Aircraft (SPAA) vehicles were initially created to counter aircraft, other uses developed in which they saw action against armoured vehicles. Compared to other contemporary SPAA vehicles ([[ZSU-37]], [[Wirbelwind]], [[M13 MGMC|Multiple Gun Motor Carriage M13]], etc...) though, the M42 is typically regarded as the least effective when used against vehicles with armour protection. The penetration value of the armour-piercing rounds is considered too low to penetrate armour plating, even when not angled. The Duster, however, can be devastating against vehicles with very little to no armour, especially at 120 rounds per minute for each gun.<br />
<br />
Being considered a light tank, the M42 does not have the armour capability to stand up directly to many of the other vehicles which it will face on the battlefield, especially against tanks which may fire high-explosive shells. The Duster will fare better against machinegun fire and potentially against some of the lighter autocannon fire which it may encounter, though not for long. Due to the M42's lightweight nature, it is best to stage where there is cover to help shield the Duster. It is also essential to only expose the vehicle when necessary to get a shot. If discovered, it is best to have a contingency location to which to fall back and regroup.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
Armour may as well be non-existent on the M42. Built off the chassis of the [[M41A1|M41 Walker Bulldog]], the SPAA can be penetrated by anything in the game, except for those few tanks armed with only machine guns, of course. In this tank, speed is your armour. A stationary Duster is a scrapped Duster unless you're firing on an aircraft, in which you should stop behind some cover.<br />
<br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 12.7 mm (33°) ''Front glacis'' <br /> 25.7 mm (39°) ''Bottom glacis'' || 12.7 mm || 12.7 mm ''Top'' <br /> 19 mm ''Bottom'' || 12.7 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 12.7 mm || 8 mm || 8 mm || N/A<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels and tracks are 15 mm thick.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=710|rbMinHp=442}}<br />
<br />
This tank can go about 72 km/h forwards and -20 km/h backwards. Either way, it's fast. Being built with neutral steering and lighter than the M41A1. It should have no difficulty getting out of a situation in a pinch.<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|Bofors (40 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The M42 Duster is armed with two [[Bofors (40 mm)]] anti-aircraft guns. They have a decent rate of fire and you will seldom have to stop and wait for a reload - more likely, you'll have to wait for the gun barrel to cool down. Against aircraft, these guns are deadly. A shot or two will be more than enough to shoot down an enemy. They are also quite deadly against lightly armoured vehicles, such as enemy SPAAs or light tanks such as the [[Ru 251|Spähpanzer Ru 251]] or [[M41A1|M41 Walker Bulldog]], and you can pen the side of [[Panther A|Panthers]], too. However, they require direct hits. Against the Soviet heavy or British medium tanks you are likely to encounter, however these guns will do nothing for you. You will rarely get an opportunity to use the Bofors on another tank, as they simply lack the penetration to do so - 72 mm doesn't get you very far at Rank IV. If you can get the guns to hit, you should have no trouble knocking aircraft out of the sky.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="6" | [[Bofors (40 mm)|40 mm Bofors]] (x2) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 480 (8) || rowspan="2" | 120 || rowspan="2" | -3°/+85° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A ||35.22||48.75||59.20||65.47||69.65|| rowspan="2" | 0.65 || rowspan="2" | 0.58 || rowspan="2" | 0.53 || rowspan="2" | 0.50<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 23.80 || 28.00 || 34.00 || 37.60 || 40.00<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
<br />
* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}} - These work fine, a hit on an aircraft means instant disassembly for it and still is able to hurt ground vehicles, especially if it is side into the side of a enemy tank.<br />
* '''Mk.II:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}} - These mean bad news for aircraft, what should be used for AA work.<br />
* '''M81A1:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}} - These are the worst belts against airplanes. However, they are able to hurt ground vehicles especially if shot into the side of an enemy tank. If you plan on penetrating tanks, load this and flank, since side shots are almost a necessity.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Default || 72 || 69 || 58 || 47 || 38 || 30<br />
|-<br />
| Mk.II || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3<br />
|-<br />
| M81A1 || 72 || 69 || 58 || 47 || 38 || 30<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Belt details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Mk.II || HEFI-T* || 874 || 0.86 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 63 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| M81A1 || AP-T || 874 || 0.88 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! Recommendations<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''60''' || 50&nbsp;''(+10)'' || 38&nbsp;''(+22)'' || 14&nbsp;''(+46)'' || 2&nbsp;''(+58)'' || Keep Full || Yes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
<br />
This tank has no armour, but a lot of speed and guns that do nothing against anything with actual armour. Refrain from attacking enemies that can take a hit from you, though you can roam around the battlefield with your insane speed and act as a scout. Ironically, shooting enemies you know your shot will bounce off of makes sense if you look at it as it then makes the enemy vehicle show up on the mini-map for all players to see, although it will also expose you. However, you could stay with your teammates and shoot down planes that will be harassing them. They know the danger of the Bofors guns but for some pilots that is a gamble, they are willing to take. A good way to lure planes toward you is the act like you don't see them, shoot off at some distant (ground) target, at which the plane will notice you are "distracted" and as they begin to dive to attack you, quickly re-aim the cannons and fire.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* 40 mm cannons are devastating to planes<br />
* AP rounds able to penetrate roughly 60 mm can be used against most medium tank side armour it could face, like the [[T-34-85]], [[Chi-Ri II]], [[Panther A]]/[[Panther D|D]]<br />
* Unsynchronized firing helps improve overall fire rate<br />
* Outside from default belts, the other belt options are made of a single type of shell that can be relied on<br />
* Relatively fast vehicle with good mobility due to the [[M41A1]] light tank basis<br />
* Fast turret traverse rate helps track aircraft<br />
* Improved mobility, protection and ammunition count compared to [[M19]]<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Despite 40 mm cannons and the unsynchronized firing, the overall fire rate is still lower than its contemporaries<br />
* 40 mm AP rounds are not the best AP rounds to use overall due to relatively low penetration; cannot penetrate all-round protected heavy tanks like the [[IS-2]] or [[Tiger H1]]/[[Tiger E|E]]<br />
* Relatively bad depression angles, a little worse than on the [[M19]], which means the {{PAGENAME}} has to expose itself to shoot over hills<br />
* Open turret allows aerial attacks and machine guns to decimate the exposed crew<br />
* Very thin armour hull, can be penetrated by .50 cal found on the [[M4]]<br />
* Is hull-breakable<br />
* Careless driving can damage the vehicle<br />
* Ammo can be used up rather quickly due to the dual-gun firing, prolonged combat can find the ammo stowage run empty<br />
* Easily ammo-racked due to racks scattered all around the turret, aerial autocannons could set it off if hit<br />
* Bad mobility when stock<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
===Development===<br />
During late World War II and the Korean War, the US Army were using the [[M19|Twin Gun Motor Carriage M19]] as their main armoured forces anti-aircraft gun. However, during the Korean War, the US Army decides to phase out their M24 Chaffees and its variants, M19 included, in order to implement newer designs made in the time period. One of these newer designs was the development of the [[M41A1|M41 Walker Bulldog]] light tank. The 40 mm armament on the M19 was deemed effective enough to continue usage past the M19, so the turret of the M19 with the twin 40 mm cannons was taken off the chassis and modified to fit the chassis of the M41 light tank, which had a larger turret ring than the M24 Chaffee. This instalment of the anti-aircraft armament onto the M41 light tank was designated as the '''M42'''. The production of the vehicle began in early 1952 at the General Motors Cleveland Tank Plant and entered service in 1953, replacing the many other self-propelled anti-aircraft vehicles the army was fielding. Production continued from 1952 to December 1959, ending with a total number of 3,700 units. During the production, the M42 was upgraded in 1956 with a new engine and other upgrades common with the M41 light tank, this upgraded variant was the ''M42A1''.<br />
<br />
===Combat usage===<br />
The M42 was kept in US inventory past the Korean War, however, it was sometime between then and the 1960s that the US Army came to the conclusion that ordinary anti-aircraft guns are unable to engage the new aircraft age of jets. Thus, the M42 was to be retired in 1963 and replaced by the HAWK surface-to-air missile. Though, even after their retirement, the units stationed at the Panama Canal Zone kept their M42s until the 1970s.<br />
<br />
Then in the 1960s, with the intensity of the Vietnam War brewing up, more American soldiers get stationed in the country. Experiences with the missile showed that the HAWK missile system suppose to engage the new jet planes performed badly in low-altitude defence. In order to ensure a tight grip on the airspace, the Army began to reissue the M42s to the Army in the air defence artillery battalions which contain four M42 batteries and one headquarters battery. These M42s start arriving in the fall of 1966 in three battalions, 1/44th, 5/2nd, and the 4/60th Battalions. Though, despite their role, no dire air threat was presented from the North Vietnamese to the South, so the M42s were relegated to ground support duties in a tradition shared by its past predecessors. The M42s in this role was deployed as on-point security, convoy escorts, or a perimeter defence; it was in these roles that the M42 earned its nickname '''"Duster"''' for its lethality and effectiveness in ground support roles against the infantry.<br />
<br />
After Vietnam, the M42 Dusters-equipped battalions were deactivated in late December 1971. These Dusters still in Vietnam were given to the ARVN forces. Training dusters at Fort Bliss were given back to the National Guard it was originally issued to, and multiple National Guard units were stationed with the M42 until it was officially retired in 1988, with the last unit retiring it be 2nd Battalion, 263 Air Defense Artillery.<br />
<br />
=== In-game description ===<br />
The M42 self-propelled 40 mm anti-air mount built by General Motors (GM). It was based on the M41 light tank and was intended to replace the M19 self-propelled anti-air mount. The unofficial name "Duster" was also used for this installation. A total of 3,700 M42's were produced between 1951 and 1959.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [http://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=%23m42 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|qKUEsKiPsDE|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis<br />
<br />
* [[M42 Duster (Family)]]<br />
<br />
;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role<br />
<br />
* [[M19]]<br />
* [[Ostwind II]]<br />
* [[Phòng không T-34]] / [[Phòng không T-34 (USSR)]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/devblog/current/752|[Development] La-5FN and M42 Duster]]<br />
<br />
{{USA anti-aircraft vehicles}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Sherman_Vc_(Italy)&diff=102905Sherman Vc (Italy)2021-05-14T10:57:32Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| other<br />
| usage-1 = other Shermans<br />
| link-1 = M4 Sherman (Family)<br />
| usage-2 = other uses<br />
| link-2 = M4 (Disambiguation)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=it_sherman_vc_firefly<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Starfighters"]]. One of the most famous Sherman modifications in World War II, the Firefly introduces the potent [[Ordnance QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|17-pounder]] anti-tank gun as the main armament of the Sherman platform, presenting a very drastic increase in firepower over the original [[M3 (75 mm)|75 mm gun]]. This variant, the VC, was based off the chassis of an M4A4 Sherman.<br />
<br />
The Sherman Firefly is easily distinguishable by its ''very long'' gun, even compared to the Shermans with the American 76 mm guns. The muzzle brake on the cannon is also in a spherical shape rather than a horizontal rectangular shape so that is a distinction between the 76 mm cannon and the 17-pounder. The hull is resemblent to that of the [[M4|M4 Sherman]] although lacking the bow machine gun (it's actually based off an M4A4). The turret is also very similar, although the radio sticks out of the back in a bustle.<br />
<br />
This tank should be the supporting line in both offensive and defensive actions, providing flanking fire, long-range fire, or fast and accurate fire to the target while the heavy tanks take up the brunt of the defense. The tank is as mobile as the M4 Sherman, so picking up speed to get around the enemy is not hard. Those familiar with a M4 Sherman control will pick up on this tank very easily. While this tank is also capable of being the frontal attack unit for an assault, it is strongly advised to not due to the thin armour of the tank, necessitating the users to always get the first shot off in an encounter, otherwise the enemy will be able to destroy the Firefly easily. For a conservative, almost TD-like role, it can also perform, destroying tanks from afar.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull)<br />
* Cast homogeneous armour (Transmission area, Turret)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 50.8 mm (55°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 50.8 mm (7°) ''Driver's port'' <br> 50.8 mm (1-53°) ''Transmission area'' || 38.1 mm || 38.1 mm (22-23°) ''Top'' <br> 38.1 mm (1°) ''Bottom'' || 19.5 mm <br> 12.7 mm ''Engine deck''<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 76.2 mm (8-44°) ''Turret roof'' <br> 50.8 + 88.9 mm (1-54°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 50.8 mm (2-38°) || 50.8 mm (2-67°) ''Turret rear'' <br> 50.8 mm (1°) ''Radio box'' || 25.4 mm<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Cupola || 50.8 mm || 25.4 mm<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, bogies are 10 mm thick, and tracks are 20 mm thick.<br />
* Belly armour is 12.7 mm thick.<br />
* The bow machine gun area has been welded shut with armour, but is only 25.4 mm thick so may present a viable weakness to weaker enemies.<br />
* Unlike the armour on the American Rank III Shermans which saw itself upped from 50.8 mm to 63.5 mm, the British Firefly in Rank III retains the old 50.8 mm base armour thickness on the front hull, as well as the protruding driver and co-driver hatches in front. This makes the Firefly a much more vulnerable Sherman tank than even the American versions, a trade-off for its more powerful armament.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=659|rbMinHp=376}}<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|QF 17-pounder (76 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|76 mm QF 17-pounder]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 77 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 22.85 || 31.63 || 38.40 || 42.47 || 45.18 || rowspan="2" | 7.67 || rowspan="2" | 6.79 || rowspan="2" | 6.25 || rowspan="2" | 5.90<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 14.28 || 16.80 || 20.40 || 22.56 || 24.00<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
<br />
* '''Shot Mk.6:''' {{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}} - Standard penetrating round, use until better rounds are unlocked.<br />
* '''Shell Mk.1:''' {{Annotation|HE|High-explosive}} - It is ideal for destroying SPAA and lightly armoured tanks, but useless against anything else.<br />
* '''Shot Mk.4:''' {{Annotation|APC|Armour-piercing capped}} - Cap for better grip against sloped armour.<br />
* '''Shot Mk.8:''' {{Annotation|APCBC|Armour-piercing capped ballistic capped}} - Like Shot Mk.4 but with a ballistic cap for improved flight path, as well as better penetration.<br />
* '''Shot SV Mk.1:''' {{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}} - Highest armour penetration of any shot, but has worse spalling effect.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 171 || 168 || 155 || 139 || 126 || 113<br />
|-<br />
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 171 || 168 || 155 || 139 || 126 || 113<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 190 || 187 || 172 || 155 || 140 || 126<br />
|-<br />
| Shot SV Mk.1 || APDS || 228 || 226 || 207 || 189 || 159 || 134<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 883 || 6.98 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 580 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot SV Mk.1 || APDS || 1,203 || 1.73 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics<br />
|-<br />
! Ammunition<br />
! Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! Screen radius<br>(m)<br />
! Screen deploy time<br>(s)<br />
! Screen hold time<br>(s)<br />
! Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
|-<br />
| 17pdr Shell SS Mk.1 || 229 || 8.44 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! 7th<br>rack empty<br />
! 8th<br>rack empty<br />
! 9th<br>rack empty<br />
! 10th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''77''' || 70&nbsp;''(+7)'' || 62&nbsp;''(+15)'' || 54&nbsp;''(+23)'' || 46&nbsp;''(+31)'' || 38&nbsp;''(+39)'' || 30&nbsp;''(+47)'' || 22&nbsp;''(+55)'' || 15&nbsp;''(+62)'' || 8&nbsp;''(+69)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+76)'' || Yes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_ShermanFirefly.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<br />
Left/front empty: 46&nbsp;''(+31)''<br />
<br />
<!---==== Optics ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} [[Optics]]<br />
|-<br />
! Which ones<br />
! Default magnification<br />
! Maximum magnification<br />
|-<br />
! Main Gun optics<br />
| x3 || x6<br />
|-<br />
! Comparable optics<br />
| colspan="2;" style="text-align:center;" | [[VFW]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
First tank in Medium tank British tech line to have X6 scope. It will not get any better than this until rank VI, so get used to it - it will be the same across entire tech tree for a while with SPAA being the only exception.<br />
<br />
As of rank III, this scope is slightly or moderately superior to most medium and heavy tanks, but do not expect to outsnipe German SPG as they have same optics or even better.---><br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|L3A1 (7.62 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Pintle || 750 (200) || 577 || -10°/+15° || ±180°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[L3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L3A1]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Coaxial || 5,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
Shoot and scoot. Unless the enemy's tank gunner has been knocked out (black only), cannon breech has been disabled (red/black), or cannon barrel is disabled (red/black) that inhibits the enemy's ability to fire back, don't expose the tank after firing. Always try to retreat back into cover to relead. Once reloaded, preferably pop out of an area different from the last firing position and take another shot. Make sure to eliminate the enemy's ability to fire back by destroying their cannon breech and traverse gears, or incapacitate their driver and gunner again if they were replaced. During this whole process, watch out for other enemy tanks and avoid being swarmed. With situational awareness combined with the correct usage of the map, the Firefly becomes a decent tank capable of effectively fighting every medium and heavy tank it faces.<br />
<br />
The Firefly can excel at vaporizing tanks that have clustered crew, like StuGs, SUs, T-34s, KVs, and even Panzer IIIs and IVs. The post penetration affect of the Firefly's shells after the AP buffs allow it to decimate those tanks. However, it is recommended to still shoot from afar, as all of these tanks can destroy the Firefly easily.<br />
<br />
Definitely do not play to aggressively. The huge weakness of the 3/4 crew in the turret is almost always pointed out immediately, because it's a huge issue. It good hit either means a quick trip back to the hangar, or a lengthy crew replenishment time on AB. But this ignores the fact that the tank is just a huge glass cannon, as any shot anywhere will likely cripple the tank.<br />
<br />
The Sherman Firefly can dish out the punishment necessary for heavy tanks, but can't take it. Don't expose the tank towards enemy fire too long due to the thin armour on the Firefly in comparison to other tanks such as the Russian [[T-34-85]]s and the Germans [[Panther D|Panthers]]. Take a shot, preferably from a flanking location, then retreat into cover regardless of the shot's effect on target, because if the target could swing its gun towards the Firefly, or have friends that could hit it, consider writing off the Firefly very soon. This varies between different enemies, as going against something like the [[KV-2 (1939)|KV-2]] would be different than going against a [[Tiger H1|Tiger I]].<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Uses the tried and tested Sherman chassis. Experienced players will find this tank easy to use.<br />
* Very fast turret traverse speed.<br />
* The 17-Pounder gun, which can penetrate every single tank it faces, although newer players may struggle against the Panther.<br />
* APDS rounds with excellent penetrating capabilities<br />
* Fast reload even with untrained crew.<br />
* 77 rounds maximum.<br />
* Fast and very mobile.<br />
* Has .50 cal AA machine gun that's unique among other vehicles as it can rotate for 360°.<br />
* Has no side bulges unlike the Premium version.<br />
* Post penetration damage tends to be enough to knock out crews when clustered together, such as on the T-34 series or turrets.<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Armour of a [[M4|M4 Sherman]], very thin for a Rank III vehicle.<br />
* Large profile.<br />
* 4 crew members, 3 of which are clustered in the turret, making it easier to knock out.<br />
* Bad gun depression of only -5 degrees.<br />
* Gun post penetration damage is decent with the AP buffs, but still won't always one shot a tank.<br />
* Smart enemies will shoot the spot where the radio operator gunner usually sat, as in the Firefly, that spot is replaced by ammo (unless carrying 54 ammo).<br />
* Lacks [[Add-on Armor|additional armour]] unlike its British counterpart.<br />
* Reverse speed is bad.<br />
* Like all vehicles armed with early version of the 17-pounder gun, it will struggle before it has the Shot Mk.8.<br />
* Stock AP round is painful to use. It fragments poorly, bounces often and does very little damage unless hitting ammo or modules.<br />
* Unlike other Shermans, it doesn't have access to a gun stabilizer and thus the gun sight will rock up and down on a sudden stop.<br />
* Traverse is mediocre, and bad when its stock.<br />
* Has no decent lineup on its BR<br />
* Insufficient mobility when stock<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
===Concept===<br />
Around 1943 in World War II, the [[M4|M4 Sherman]] was one of the best tanks in use by the Allies. It superseded the German standard [[Pz.III J|Panzer IIIs]] and [[Pz.IV F1|Panzer IVs]] at the time. However, it was during the middle of 1943 that the Sherman design was beginning to wane in superiority with the reveal of newer German tanks in the front lines, namely the [[Tiger H1|Tiger I]] and the [[Panther D|Panther]] tanks.<ref name="ZalogaCh3Panther">Zaloga 2008, ''Chapter 3: The Panzer Nemesis: The Panther Threat''</ref> These tanks are able to not only take out the Sherman at a longer range than the Sherman can compete in, but could also withstand the 75 mm rounds fired from the Sherman with their frontal armour. In order to improve the Sherman's firepower against these better German tanks, the Americans decided to upgun their tanks with the better [[M1 (76 mm)|76 mm gun]]. The British, however, decide to up the ante with one of the Allies' most powerful anti-tank gun at the time, the 17-pounder.<br />
<br />
The ''[[Ordnance QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|Ordnance QF 17-pounder]]'' was a 76.2 mm anti-tank gun developed by the United Kingdom around 1942, but was considered as far back as 21 November 1940.<ref name="Fletcher17">Fletcher 2008, ''The 17-pounder''</ref> The British predicted that the Germans would be increasing their tank armour gradually to make current anti-tank weapons ineffective in North Africa, a lesson learned when their issued [[Ordnance QF 2-pounder (40 mm)|2-pounder]], [[Ordnance QF 6-pounder Mk.III (57 mm)|6-pounder]], and [[Ordnance QF Mk.V (75 mm)|75 mm]] guns were meeting heavier armoured tanks, and even tanks with superior firepower like the [[KwK 40 (75 mm)|75 mm KwK 40]] on the [[Pz.IV F2|Pz.Kpfw. IV Ausf. F2]].<ref name="Fletcher17" /> The first prototype batch was completed in Spring 1942 and the design was finalized in 1943 and accepted into service that same year, where it would see great effect in the Italian Campaign as one of the best Allied anti-tank guns.<ref name="Hunnicutt17pdr">Hunnicutt 1978, pg. 303</ref> One of the reasons why the 17-pounder was so effective was the use of the APDS shot (Armour-Piercing Discarding-Sabot), which could penetrate up to 256 mm of armour at 500 meters distance; this is due to the smaller, but much faster projectile used that contains more kinetic energy than a full-sized shot. However, drawbacks with this ammunition was the lack of tracer to be able to adjust shots, the inaccuracy beyond 500 yards, and the less damage it could cause to the enemy tank.<ref name="FletcherAmmo">Fletcher 2008, ''Ammunition''</ref><br />
<br />
===Development===<br />
====A kick-start====<br />
The 17-pounder effectiveness against the new German tanks and the lackluster anti-armour firepower on British tanks brought upon the concept of mounting the 17-pounder onto tanks. The first mention of mounting the powerful gun onto a tank carriage was as early as 09 December 1941 by Tank Board, which prompted the design specification ''A29'', a 45-ton 17-pounder armed tank that was eventually cancelled for another design. The next design took the [[Cromwell V|Cromwell]] tank as its basis, with development proceeding in 1942 as the ''[[Challenger|A30]]'' (later known as the Challenger). While A30 was in development, the prolonged development time had Tank Board set up for two more 17-pounder projects, the [[Comet I|A34]] (Comet) for a short term project and [[Centurion Mk 1|A41]] (Centurion) for a long term one, in the summer of 1943.<ref name="Fletcher17" /> However, in the same year, a side project for a 17-pounder tank was conducted by two officers.<br />
<br />
Royal Tank Regiment major George Brighty, based at the Royal Armoured Corps Gunnery School at Lulworth in Dorset, had the belief that the M4 Sherman was a better tank mount for the 17-pounder than the A30, which was being tested in Lulworth. He experimented around an acquired Sherman, though came to a conclusion that the turret size was too small for the 17-pounder's breech and recoil. Still, he persisted in his efforts and in a rather absurd solution, fitted the 17-pounder into the turret by locking the gun into the mounts and removing the lengthy recoil system, forcing the tank's mass and suspension to absorb the entirety of the 17-pounder recoil. Though this proved to have worked, the modification was far from ideal for any practical usage.<ref name="FletcherLulworth">Fletcher 2008, ''Developments At Lulworth''</ref><br />
<br />
During his trials, Brighty joined up with another major of the RTR by the name of George Witheridge. Witheridge was also convinced of the Sherman's virtues from his time at Fort Knox when advising on tank gunnery techniques. While he appreciated the dual-purpose usage the [[M3 (75 mm)|75 mm gun]] on the Sherman provided, he was concerned on improving the armour-piercing properties while retaining the same high-explosive charge. Witheridge arrived at Lulworth to Brighty's design, which he found unsuitable. In a statement on how confident such a design looked from the outside, Witheridge test-fired Brighty's 17-pounder Sherman from the outside three times before trying it out inside. Priority soon shifted to develop a recoil system for the Sherman-mounted 17-pounder. However, some time after Witheridge's arrival, the Department of Tank Design (DTD) sent a directive to the two lads to cease their development on the up-gunning of the Sherman, possibly to protect their A30 project. Witheridge, still keen to the idea of using the Sherman, tried to get this directive reversed by appealing to his connections, namely a man going by Major General Raymond Briggs. Briggs, Witheridge's commanding officer in North Africa and also enthusiastic about improving British tank firepower, put the word to Claude Gibb, Director General of Weapon and Instrument Production at Ministry of Supply, to which Gibb approved and the 17-pounder Sherman was back up. However, with the Ministry of Supply now involved with the project, the design was shifted from two enthusiastic officers to the engineers.<ref name="FletcherLulworth" /><br />
<br />
====Professional's touch====<br />
One person deemed responsible for completing the project was W.G.K. Kilbourn, a professional engineer at Vickers who was stationed at Chertsey when he was assigned the 17-pounder Sherman by the DTD.<ref name="FletcherDesign">Fletcher 2008, ''Designing The Firefly''</ref> He managed to fit the 17-pounder gun into the Sherman turret by extensively modifying the gun. He replaced the recoil cylinders with shorter ones mounted on the sides, opposite to each other top and bottom, on a special cradle, modified the gun barrel to fit onto the cradle for better support, and placed the gun breech to open horizontally (contrary to the statement that the gun was simply rotated 90 degrees sideways as the operators of the gun have not been rotated along with the breech).<ref name="MoransVideoPt2">Morans 2017, Time (3:00)</ref> The redesigned 17-pounder, named ''Mk IV'' was built on 11 November 1943 at the Royal Ordnance Factory and could fit into the Sherman turret,<ref name="FletcherDesign" /> but now the concern was on the crew inside. The large breech of the modified 17-pounder ate up a lot of internal space and isolated the loader on the left side of the gun and turret; the solution was to cut a hole on top of the loader's position and add a hatch. The radio, usually mounted on the rear of the turret, was deemed too close to the recoiling breech for comfort so an armoured box was welded to the turret rear for the radio and a hole cut into the turret rear for operating the radio away from the recoiling gun. The armoured box also had the benefit of acting as a counter-weight for the longer and heavier gun for the turret.<ref name="FletcherConversion">Fletcher 2008, ''The Conversion Programme''</ref> Finally, there was an issue of ammo stowage for the larger and heavier 17-pdr rounds, 6 inches longer than the 75 mm shells. The stowage on the tank was in bins in the turret for ready access, but a bulk of it was placed under the turret floor that could only be accessed when the turret was aligned a certain position for each bin, making them more for replenishing the ready racks during breaks in combat. To increase the stowage for more 17-pounder rounds, the bow machine gunner was removed along with his machine gun (the port welded over by a prominent wedge shaped armour) and a rack holding 15 rounds placed in his location, however the position for the rack was also impossible to reach during combat and one location on the rack was so hard to get to that it wasn't used, making the total stowage 14 rounds instead.<ref name="FletcherDesign" /><br />
<br />
Kilbourn efforts and those of assisting engineers managed to finally fit the large 17-pounder gun into the constrained space of the Sherman turret intended to mount the 75 mm gun, as well as perform the necessary modifications to accommodate combat usage of the vehicle. It then moved onto the next stage of being approved for service.<br />
<br />
====Conversions====<br />
Inspection of the completed Sherman with the 17-pdr started on 06 January 1944, and the War Office wrote a requirement for up to 2,100 of the tanks to be upgunned. Not every Sherman could follow the conversion, whether by technical or logistics limitations, and only petrol-engined, M34A1 gun mounted, and have a hydraulic turret traverse system. This meant that the Shermans converted were the ''[[Firefly «Scorpion»|Sherman I]]'' ([[M4|M4]]),''Sherman I Hybrid'' (M4 "Composite") , and ''[[Sherman Firefly|Sherman V]]'' (M4A4). Technically the ''[[Sherman II]]'' ([[M4A1|M4A1]]) and Sherman III ([[M4A3 (76) W|M4A3]]) were also eligible for conversion with those standards, but information on the Sherman II are scarce and photographic evidence of cast hull converted Shermans usually turn out to be Sherman I Hybrids; Sherman III are all allocated to the U.S. Army as their mainstay tank so no M4A3 were even available in British service to convert.<ref name="FletcherConversion" /> Tanks armed with the 17-pounder were designated by a ''"C"'' in the name at the end of their mark number, leading to names such as the "Sherman VC" to denote a M4A4 with the 17-pounder conversion. Troops with the upgunned Sherman, as early as March 1944, were describing tank as a '''Firefly''', regardless of the type.<ref name="FletcherName">Fletcher 2008, ''What's in a Name?''</ref> How it got the name is debatable, but it is most likely due to the very prominent muzzle flash that the 17-pounder produces when firing.<ref name="ZalogaCh4British">Zaloga 2008, ''Chapter 4: The Future Sherman: Improve or Replace?: The British Approach''</ref><br />
<br />
Still, as D-Day approached for the Allied forces and the A30 Challenger was continually delayed, the eagerness of the troops to acquire the Firefly rose substantially. Four factories were prioritized for the conversion, two at London, one at Manchester and another at Nottingham. From the conversion period of 1944 to 1945, up to and between 2,100 to 2,200 Fireflies were converted, making it the most produced tank with the 17-pounder of the war. Allocation of the Fireflies was one troop per three Sherman troop (troop was an equivalent of platoon and consisted of 4 tanks), but even regiments that were equipped with Cromwells were supplemented with Fireflies until the A30 Challenger was fit for service. The Fireflies were also allocated to Canadian and Polish regiments.<ref name="FletcherConversion" /> Due to the relative newness of the Firefly, most of the training done on the utilization and deployment of the Fireflies were done on the combat field by each regiment.<ref name="FletcherDesign" /><br />
<br />
===Combat usage===<br />
<br />
===Legacy===<br />
The Firefly's reputation during and after the war is a product of hindsight. The British understood the trend that was happening in German armoured forces and acted accordingly with the 17-pounder. It should be noted that the 17-pounder's super round, the APDS, did not appear in Firefly stowage until August 1944,<ref name="FletcherAmmo">Fletcher 2008, ''Ammunition''</ref> and in combat was really inaccurate past 500 yards and the round fouled the barrel that it affected follow-up shots with APCBC rounds. As such, APCBC round would still be standard usage and though the 17-pounder was still slightly more powerful than the 76 mm, it traded crew comfort and design quality in the Firefly in comparison to the 76 mm gun in the larger T23 turret. What solidified the Firefly's place in history in comparison to the 76 mm Shermans was that on the very first day that the Allies invaded Normandy, the British actually brought the Fireflies while the Americans left their 76 mm guns in English depots.<ref name="Zaloga76mmFrance">Zaloga 2003, ''Initial Deployment Problems''</ref> Thus, the British can claim with great confidence that on the opening days of Operation Overlord, they had a tank that could kill the German cats.<br />
<br />
=== In Italian Service ===<br />
The Firefly first saw action in Italy in British, American and Polish hands in the Italian Campaign in 1944, but were ceased since heavy German armor proved to be a challenging opponent for the Firefly. After WW2, when Italy joined NATO, they were supplied by Firefly VC medium tank, designated as "M4 Tipo VC" (VC is the callsign of a M4A4 Sherman tank using a 17pdr gun). They were supplied and commissioned in 1947 and decommissioned and scrapped in 1952.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=italy&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=it_sherman_vc_firefly Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|lwRfZ-Y_NLk|''' The Sherman Vc Medium Tank (Italy)''' - ''Orangefan''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis<br />
<br />
* [[M4 Sherman (Family)]]<br />
<br />
;Vehicles equipped with the same gun & turret<br />
<br />
* [[Sherman Firefly]]<br />
* [[Sherman IC "Trzyniec"]]<br />
* [[M4 Tipo IC]]<br />
<br />
;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role<br />
<br />
* [[M4A1 (76) W]]<br />
* [[M4A4 (SA50)]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
===References===<br />
'''Citations'''<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
'''Bibliography'''<br />
<br />
* Fletcher, David. ''Sherman Firefly'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2008. ''Kindle Edition''<br />
* Hunnicutt, R.P. ''Sherman: A History of the American Medium Tank'' U.S.A.: Feist Publications, 1978<br />
* Morans, Nicholas. ''Inside the Chieftain's Hatch: Sherman VC "Firefly" part 2'' YouTube, 20 Mar. 2017. Web. 29 Mar. 2017.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tYRFpe27SnA]<br />
* Zaloga, Steven J. ''M4 (76mm) Sherman Medium Tank 1943-65'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2003. ''Kindle Edition''<br />
* Zaloga, Steven J. ''Armored Thunderbolt: The U.S. Army Sherman in World War II'' U.S.A: Stackpole Books, 2008. ''Kindle Edition''<br />
* Zaloga, Steven J. ''Armored Champion: The Top Tanks of World War II'' U.S.A: Stackpole Books, 2015. ''Kindle Edition''<br />
<br />
{{Italy medium tanks}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Sherman_Vc_(Italy)&diff=102903Sherman Vc (Italy)2021-05-14T10:52:39Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| other<br />
| usage-1 = other Shermans<br />
| link-1 = M4 Sherman (Family)<br />
| usage-2 = other uses<br />
| link-2 = M4 (Disambiguation)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=it_sherman_vc_firefly<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Starfighters"]]. One of the most famous Sherman modifications in World War II, the Firefly introduces the potent [[Ordnance QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|17-pounder]] anti-tank gun as the main armament of the Sherman platform, presenting a very drastic increase in firepower over the original [[M3 (75 mm)|75 mm gun]]. This variant, the VC, was based off the chassis of an M4A4 Sherman.<br />
<br />
The Sherman Firefly is easily distinguishable by its ''very long'' gun, even compared to the Shermans with the American 76 mm guns. The muzzle brake on the cannon is also in a spherical shape rather than a horizontal rectangular shape so that is a distinction between the 76 mm cannon and the 17-pounder. The hull is resemblent to that of the [[M4|M4 Sherman]] although lacking the bow machine gun (it's actually based off an M4A4). The turret is also very similar, although the radio sticks out of the back in a bustle.<br />
<br />
This tank should be the supporting line in both offensive and defensive actions, providing flanking fire, long-range fire, or fast and accurate fire to the target while the heavy tanks take up the brunt of the defense. The tank is as mobile as the M4 Sherman, so picking up speed to get around the enemy is not hard. Those familiar with a M4 Sherman control will pick up on this tank very easily. While this tank is also capable of being the frontal attack unit for an assault, it is strongly advised to not due to the thin armour of the tank, necessitating the users to always get the first shot off in an encounter, otherwise the enemy will be able to destroy the Firefly easily. For a conservative, almost TD-like role, it can also perform, destroying tanks from afar.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull)<br />
* Cast homogeneous armour (Transmission area, Turret)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 50.8 mm (55°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 50.8 mm (7°) ''Driver's port'' <br> 50.8 mm (1-53°) ''Transmission area'' || 38.1 mm || 38.1 mm (22-23°) ''Top'' <br> 38.1 mm (1°) ''Bottom'' || 19.5 mm <br> 12.7 mm ''Engine deck''<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 76.2 mm (8-44°) ''Turret roof'' <br> 50.8 + 88.9 mm (1-54°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 50.8 mm (2-38°) || 50.8 mm (2-67°) ''Turret rear'' <br> 50.8 mm (1°) ''Radio box'' || 25.4 mm<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Cupola || 50.8 mm || 25.4 mm<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, bogies are 10 mm thick, and tracks are 20 mm thick.<br />
* Belly armour is 12.7 mm thick.<br />
* The bow machine gun area has been welded shut with armour, but is only 25.4 mm thick so may present a viable weakness to weaker enemies.<br />
* Unlike the armour on the American Rank III Shermans which saw itself upped from 50.8 mm to 63.5 mm, the British Firefly in Rank III retains the old 50.8 mm base armour thickness on the front hull, as well as the protruding driver and co-driver hatches in front. This makes the Firefly a much more vulnerable Sherman tank than even the American versions, a trade-off for its more powerful armament.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=659|rbMinHp=376}}<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|QF 17-pounder (76 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|76 mm QF 17-pounder]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 77 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 22.85 || 31.63 || 38.40 || 42.47 || 45.18 || rowspan="2" | 7.67 || rowspan="2" | 6.79 || rowspan="2" | 6.25 || rowspan="2" | 5.90<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 14.28 || 16.80 || 20.40 || 22.56 || 24.00<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
<br />
* '''Shot Mk.6:''' {{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}} - Standard penetrating round, use until better rounds are unlocked.<br />
* '''Shell Mk.1:''' {{Annotation|HE|High-explosive}} - It is ideal for destroying SPAA and lightly armoured tanks, but useless against anything else.<br />
* '''Shot Mk.4:''' {{Annotation|APC|Armour-piercing capped}} - Cap for better grip against sloped armour.<br />
* '''Shot Mk.8:''' {{Annotation|APCBC|Armour-piercing capped ballistic capped}} - Like Shot Mk.4 but with a ballistic cap for improved flight path, as well as better penetration.<br />
* '''Shot SV Mk.1:''' {{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}} - Highest armour penetration of any shot, but has worse spalling effect.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 171 || 168 || 155 || 139 || 126 || 113<br />
|-<br />
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 171 || 168 || 155 || 139 || 126 || 113<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 190 || 187 || 172 || 155 || 140 || 126<br />
|-<br />
| Shot SV Mk.1 || APDS || 228 || 226 || 207 || 189 || 159 || 134<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 883 || 6.98 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 580 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot SV Mk.1 || APDS || 1,203 || 1.73 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics<br />
|-<br />
! Ammunition<br />
! Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! Screen radius<br>(m)<br />
! Screen deploy time<br>(s)<br />
! Screen hold time<br>(s)<br />
! Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
|-<br />
| 17pdr Shell SS Mk.1 || 229 || 8.44 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! 7th<br>rack empty<br />
! 8th<br>rack empty<br />
! 9th<br>rack empty<br />
! 10th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''77''' || 70&nbsp;''(+7)'' || 62&nbsp;''(+15)'' || 54&nbsp;''(+23)'' || 46&nbsp;''(+31)'' || 38&nbsp;''(+39)'' || 30&nbsp;''(+47)'' || 22&nbsp;''(+55)'' || 15&nbsp;''(+62)'' || 8&nbsp;''(+69)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+76)'' || Yes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_ShermanFirefly.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<br />
Left/front empty: 46&nbsp;''(+31)''<br />
<br />
<!---==== Optics ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} [[Optics]]<br />
|-<br />
! Which ones<br />
! Default magnification<br />
! Maximum magnification<br />
|-<br />
! Main Gun optics<br />
| x3 || x6<br />
|-<br />
! Comparable optics<br />
| colspan="2;" style="text-align:center;" | [[VFW]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
First tank in Medium tank British tech line to have X6 scope. It will not get any better than this until rank VI, so get used to it - it will be the same across entire tech tree for a while with SPAA being the only exception.<br />
<br />
As of rank III, this scope is slightly or moderately superior to most medium and heavy tanks, but do not expect to outsnipe German SPG as they have same optics or even better.---><br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|L3A1 (7.62 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Pintle || 750 (200) || 577 || -10°/+15° || ±180°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[L3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L3A1]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Coaxial || 5,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
Shoot and scoot. Unless the enemy's tank gunner has been knocked out (black only), cannon breech has been disabled (red/black), or cannon barrel is disabled (red/black) that inhibits the enemy's ability to fire back, don't expose the tank after firing. Always try to retreat back into cover to relead. Once reloaded, preferably pop out of an area different from the last firing position and take another shot. Make sure to eliminate the enemy's ability to fire back by destroying their cannon breech and traverse gears, or incapacitate their driver and gunner again if they were replaced. During this whole process, watch out for other enemy tanks and avoid being swarmed. With situational awareness combined with the correct usage of the map, the Firefly becomes a decent tank capable of effectively fighting every medium and heavy tank it faces.<br />
<br />
The Firefly can excel at vaporizing tanks that have clustered crew, like StuGs, SUs, T-34s, KVs, and even Panzer IIIs and IVs. The post penetration affect of the Firefly's shells after the AP buffs allow it to decimate those tanks. However, it is recommended to still shoot from afar, as all of these tanks can destroy the Firefly easily.<br />
<br />
Definitely do not play to aggressively. The huge weakness of the 3/4 crew in the turret is almost always pointed out immediately, because it's a huge issue. It good hit either means a quick trip back to the hangar, or a lengthy crew replenishment time on AB. But this ignores the fact that the tank is just a huge glass cannon, as any shot anywhere will likely cripple the tank.<br />
<br />
The Sherman Firefly can dish out the punishment necessary for heavy tanks, but can't take it. Don't expose the tank towards enemy fire too long due to the thin armour on the Firefly in comparison to other tanks such as the Russian [[T-34-85]]s and the Germans [[Panther D|Panthers]]. Take a shot, preferably from a flanking location, then retreat into cover regardless of the shot's effect on target, because if the target could swing its gun towards the Firefly, or have friends that could hit it, consider writing off the Firefly very soon. This varies between different enemies, as going against something like the [[KV-2 (1939)|KV-2]] would be different than going against a [[Tiger H1|Tiger I]].<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Uses the tried and tested Sherman chassis. Experienced players will find this tank easy to use.<br />
* Very fast turret traverse speed.<br />
* The 17-Pounder gun, which can penetrate every single tank it faces, although newer players may struggle against the Panther.<br />
* APDS rounds with excellent penetrating capabilities<br />
* Fast reload even with untrained crew.<br />
* 77 rounds maximum.<br />
* Fast and very mobile.<br />
* Has .50 cal AA machine gun that's unique among other vehicles as it can rotate for 360°.<br />
* Has no side bulges unlike the Premium version.<br />
* Post penetration damage tends to be enough to knock out crews when clustered together, such as on the T-34 series or turrets.<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Armour of a [[M4|M4 Sherman]], very thin for a Rank III vehicle.<br />
* Large profile.<br />
* 4 crew members, 3 of which are clustered in the turret, making it easier to knock out.<br />
* Bad gun depression of only -5 degrees.<br />
* Gun post penetration damage is decent with the AP buffs, but still won't always one shot a tank.<br />
* Smart enemies will shoot the spot where the radio operator gunner usually sat, as in the Firefly, that spot is replaced by ammo (unless carrying 54 ammo).<br />
* Lacks [[Add-on Armor|additional armour]] unlike its British counterpart.<br />
* Reverse speed is bad.<br />
* Like all vehicles armed with early version of the 17-pounder gun, it will struggle before it has the Shot Mk.8.<br />
* Stock AP round is painful to use. It fragments poorly, bounces often and does very little damage unless hitting ammo or modules.<br />
* Unlike other Shermans, it doesn't have access to a gun stabilizer and thus the gun sight will rock up and down on a sudden stop.<br />
* Traverse is mediocre, and bad when its stock.<br />
* Has no decent lineup on its BR<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
===Concept===<br />
Around 1943 in World War II, the [[M4|M4 Sherman]] was one of the best tanks in use by the Allies. It superseded the German standard [[Pz.III J|Panzer IIIs]] and [[Pz.IV F1|Panzer IVs]] at the time. However, it was during the middle of 1943 that the Sherman design was beginning to wane in superiority with the reveal of newer German tanks in the front lines, namely the [[Tiger H1|Tiger I]] and the [[Panther D|Panther]] tanks.<ref name="ZalogaCh3Panther">Zaloga 2008, ''Chapter 3: The Panzer Nemesis: The Panther Threat''</ref> These tanks are able to not only take out the Sherman at a longer range than the Sherman can compete in, but could also withstand the 75 mm rounds fired from the Sherman with their frontal armour. In order to improve the Sherman's firepower against these better German tanks, the Americans decided to upgun their tanks with the better [[M1 (76 mm)|76 mm gun]]. The British, however, decide to up the ante with one of the Allies' most powerful anti-tank gun at the time, the 17-pounder.<br />
<br />
The ''[[Ordnance QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|Ordnance QF 17-pounder]]'' was a 76.2 mm anti-tank gun developed by the United Kingdom around 1942, but was considered as far back as 21 November 1940.<ref name="Fletcher17">Fletcher 2008, ''The 17-pounder''</ref> The British predicted that the Germans would be increasing their tank armour gradually to make current anti-tank weapons ineffective in North Africa, a lesson learned when their issued [[Ordnance QF 2-pounder (40 mm)|2-pounder]], [[Ordnance QF 6-pounder Mk.III (57 mm)|6-pounder]], and [[Ordnance QF Mk.V (75 mm)|75 mm]] guns were meeting heavier armoured tanks, and even tanks with superior firepower like the [[KwK 40 (75 mm)|75 mm KwK 40]] on the [[Pz.IV F2|Pz.Kpfw. IV Ausf. F2]].<ref name="Fletcher17" /> The first prototype batch was completed in Spring 1942 and the design was finalized in 1943 and accepted into service that same year, where it would see great effect in the Italian Campaign as one of the best Allied anti-tank guns.<ref name="Hunnicutt17pdr">Hunnicutt 1978, pg. 303</ref> One of the reasons why the 17-pounder was so effective was the use of the APDS shot (Armour-Piercing Discarding-Sabot), which could penetrate up to 256 mm of armour at 500 meters distance; this is due to the smaller, but much faster projectile used that contains more kinetic energy than a full-sized shot. However, drawbacks with this ammunition was the lack of tracer to be able to adjust shots, the inaccuracy beyond 500 yards, and the less damage it could cause to the enemy tank.<ref name="FletcherAmmo">Fletcher 2008, ''Ammunition''</ref><br />
<br />
===Development===<br />
====A kick-start====<br />
The 17-pounder effectiveness against the new German tanks and the lackluster anti-armour firepower on British tanks brought upon the concept of mounting the 17-pounder onto tanks. The first mention of mounting the powerful gun onto a tank carriage was as early as 09 December 1941 by Tank Board, which prompted the design specification ''A29'', a 45-ton 17-pounder armed tank that was eventually cancelled for another design. The next design took the [[Cromwell V|Cromwell]] tank as its basis, with development proceeding in 1942 as the ''[[Challenger|A30]]'' (later known as the Challenger). While A30 was in development, the prolonged development time had Tank Board set up for two more 17-pounder projects, the [[Comet I|A34]] (Comet) for a short term project and [[Centurion Mk 1|A41]] (Centurion) for a long term one, in the summer of 1943.<ref name="Fletcher17" /> However, in the same year, a side project for a 17-pounder tank was conducted by two officers.<br />
<br />
Royal Tank Regiment major George Brighty, based at the Royal Armoured Corps Gunnery School at Lulworth in Dorset, had the belief that the M4 Sherman was a better tank mount for the 17-pounder than the A30, which was being tested in Lulworth. He experimented around an acquired Sherman, though came to a conclusion that the turret size was too small for the 17-pounder's breech and recoil. Still, he persisted in his efforts and in a rather absurd solution, fitted the 17-pounder into the turret by locking the gun into the mounts and removing the lengthy recoil system, forcing the tank's mass and suspension to absorb the entirety of the 17-pounder recoil. Though this proved to have worked, the modification was far from ideal for any practical usage.<ref name="FletcherLulworth">Fletcher 2008, ''Developments At Lulworth''</ref><br />
<br />
During his trials, Brighty joined up with another major of the RTR by the name of George Witheridge. Witheridge was also convinced of the Sherman's virtues from his time at Fort Knox when advising on tank gunnery techniques. While he appreciated the dual-purpose usage the [[M3 (75 mm)|75 mm gun]] on the Sherman provided, he was concerned on improving the armour-piercing properties while retaining the same high-explosive charge. Witheridge arrived at Lulworth to Brighty's design, which he found unsuitable. In a statement on how confident such a design looked from the outside, Witheridge test-fired Brighty's 17-pounder Sherman from the outside three times before trying it out inside. Priority soon shifted to develop a recoil system for the Sherman-mounted 17-pounder. However, some time after Witheridge's arrival, the Department of Tank Design (DTD) sent a directive to the two lads to cease their development on the up-gunning of the Sherman, possibly to protect their A30 project. Witheridge, still keen to the idea of using the Sherman, tried to get this directive reversed by appealing to his connections, namely a man going by Major General Raymond Briggs. Briggs, Witheridge's commanding officer in North Africa and also enthusiastic about improving British tank firepower, put the word to Claude Gibb, Director General of Weapon and Instrument Production at Ministry of Supply, to which Gibb approved and the 17-pounder Sherman was back up. However, with the Ministry of Supply now involved with the project, the design was shifted from two enthusiastic officers to the engineers.<ref name="FletcherLulworth" /><br />
<br />
====Professional's touch====<br />
One person deemed responsible for completing the project was W.G.K. Kilbourn, a professional engineer at Vickers who was stationed at Chertsey when he was assigned the 17-pounder Sherman by the DTD.<ref name="FletcherDesign">Fletcher 2008, ''Designing The Firefly''</ref> He managed to fit the 17-pounder gun into the Sherman turret by extensively modifying the gun. He replaced the recoil cylinders with shorter ones mounted on the sides, opposite to each other top and bottom, on a special cradle, modified the gun barrel to fit onto the cradle for better support, and placed the gun breech to open horizontally (contrary to the statement that the gun was simply rotated 90 degrees sideways as the operators of the gun have not been rotated along with the breech).<ref name="MoransVideoPt2">Morans 2017, Time (3:00)</ref> The redesigned 17-pounder, named ''Mk IV'' was built on 11 November 1943 at the Royal Ordnance Factory and could fit into the Sherman turret,<ref name="FletcherDesign" /> but now the concern was on the crew inside. The large breech of the modified 17-pounder ate up a lot of internal space and isolated the loader on the left side of the gun and turret; the solution was to cut a hole on top of the loader's position and add a hatch. The radio, usually mounted on the rear of the turret, was deemed too close to the recoiling breech for comfort so an armoured box was welded to the turret rear for the radio and a hole cut into the turret rear for operating the radio away from the recoiling gun. The armoured box also had the benefit of acting as a counter-weight for the longer and heavier gun for the turret.<ref name="FletcherConversion">Fletcher 2008, ''The Conversion Programme''</ref> Finally, there was an issue of ammo stowage for the larger and heavier 17-pdr rounds, 6 inches longer than the 75 mm shells. The stowage on the tank was in bins in the turret for ready access, but a bulk of it was placed under the turret floor that could only be accessed when the turret was aligned a certain position for each bin, making them more for replenishing the ready racks during breaks in combat. To increase the stowage for more 17-pounder rounds, the bow machine gunner was removed along with his machine gun (the port welded over by a prominent wedge shaped armour) and a rack holding 15 rounds placed in his location, however the position for the rack was also impossible to reach during combat and one location on the rack was so hard to get to that it wasn't used, making the total stowage 14 rounds instead.<ref name="FletcherDesign" /><br />
<br />
Kilbourn efforts and those of assisting engineers managed to finally fit the large 17-pounder gun into the constrained space of the Sherman turret intended to mount the 75 mm gun, as well as perform the necessary modifications to accommodate combat usage of the vehicle. It then moved onto the next stage of being approved for service.<br />
<br />
====Conversions====<br />
Inspection of the completed Sherman with the 17-pdr started on 06 January 1944, and the War Office wrote a requirement for up to 2,100 of the tanks to be upgunned. Not every Sherman could follow the conversion, whether by technical or logistics limitations, and only petrol-engined, M34A1 gun mounted, and have a hydraulic turret traverse system. This meant that the Shermans converted were the ''[[Firefly «Scorpion»|Sherman I]]'' ([[M4|M4]]),''Sherman I Hybrid'' (M4 "Composite") , and ''[[Sherman Firefly|Sherman V]]'' (M4A4). Technically the ''[[Sherman II]]'' ([[M4A1|M4A1]]) and Sherman III ([[M4A3 (76) W|M4A3]]) were also eligible for conversion with those standards, but information on the Sherman II are scarce and photographic evidence of cast hull converted Shermans usually turn out to be Sherman I Hybrids; Sherman III are all allocated to the U.S. Army as their mainstay tank so no M4A3 were even available in British service to convert.<ref name="FletcherConversion" /> Tanks armed with the 17-pounder were designated by a ''"C"'' in the name at the end of their mark number, leading to names such as the "Sherman VC" to denote a M4A4 with the 17-pounder conversion. Troops with the upgunned Sherman, as early as March 1944, were describing tank as a '''Firefly''', regardless of the type.<ref name="FletcherName">Fletcher 2008, ''What's in a Name?''</ref> How it got the name is debatable, but it is most likely due to the very prominent muzzle flash that the 17-pounder produces when firing.<ref name="ZalogaCh4British">Zaloga 2008, ''Chapter 4: The Future Sherman: Improve or Replace?: The British Approach''</ref><br />
<br />
Still, as D-Day approached for the Allied forces and the A30 Challenger was continually delayed, the eagerness of the troops to acquire the Firefly rose substantially. Four factories were prioritized for the conversion, two at London, one at Manchester and another at Nottingham. From the conversion period of 1944 to 1945, up to and between 2,100 to 2,200 Fireflies were converted, making it the most produced tank with the 17-pounder of the war. Allocation of the Fireflies was one troop per three Sherman troop (troop was an equivalent of platoon and consisted of 4 tanks), but even regiments that were equipped with Cromwells were supplemented with Fireflies until the A30 Challenger was fit for service. The Fireflies were also allocated to Canadian and Polish regiments.<ref name="FletcherConversion" /> Due to the relative newness of the Firefly, most of the training done on the utilization and deployment of the Fireflies were done on the combat field by each regiment.<ref name="FletcherDesign" /><br />
<br />
===Combat usage===<br />
<br />
===Legacy===<br />
The Firefly's reputation during and after the war is a product of hindsight. The British understood the trend that was happening in German armoured forces and acted accordingly with the 17-pounder. It should be noted that the 17-pounder's super round, the APDS, did not appear in Firefly stowage until August 1944,<ref name="FletcherAmmo">Fletcher 2008, ''Ammunition''</ref> and in combat was really inaccurate past 500 yards and the round fouled the barrel that it affected follow-up shots with APCBC rounds. As such, APCBC round would still be standard usage and though the 17-pounder was still slightly more powerful than the 76 mm, it traded crew comfort and design quality in the Firefly in comparison to the 76 mm gun in the larger T23 turret. What solidified the Firefly's place in history in comparison to the 76 mm Shermans was that on the very first day that the Allies invaded Normandy, the British actually brought the Fireflies while the Americans left their 76 mm guns in English depots.<ref name="Zaloga76mmFrance">Zaloga 2003, ''Initial Deployment Problems''</ref> Thus, the British can claim with great confidence that on the opening days of Operation Overlord, they had a tank that could kill the German cats.<br />
<br />
=== In Italian Service ===<br />
The Firefly first saw action in Italy in British, American and Polish hands in the Italian Campaign in 1944, but were ceased since heavy German armor proved to be a challenging opponent for the Firefly. After WW2, when Italy joined NATO, they were supplied by Firefly VC medium tank, designated as "M4 Tipo VC" (VC is the callsign of a M4A4 Sherman tank using a 17pdr gun). They were supplied and commissioned in 1947 and decommissioned and scrapped in 1952.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=italy&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=it_sherman_vc_firefly Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|lwRfZ-Y_NLk|''' The Sherman Vc Medium Tank (Italy)''' - ''Orangefan''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis<br />
<br />
* [[M4 Sherman (Family)]]<br />
<br />
;Vehicles equipped with the same gun & turret<br />
<br />
* [[Sherman Firefly]]<br />
* [[Sherman IC "Trzyniec"]]<br />
* [[M4 Tipo IC]]<br />
<br />
;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role<br />
<br />
* [[M4A1 (76) W]]<br />
* [[M4A4 (SA50)]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
===References===<br />
'''Citations'''<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
'''Bibliography'''<br />
<br />
* Fletcher, David. ''Sherman Firefly'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2008. ''Kindle Edition''<br />
* Hunnicutt, R.P. ''Sherman: A History of the American Medium Tank'' U.S.A.: Feist Publications, 1978<br />
* Morans, Nicholas. ''Inside the Chieftain's Hatch: Sherman VC "Firefly" part 2'' YouTube, 20 Mar. 2017. Web. 29 Mar. 2017.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tYRFpe27SnA]<br />
* Zaloga, Steven J. ''M4 (76mm) Sherman Medium Tank 1943-65'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2003. ''Kindle Edition''<br />
* Zaloga, Steven J. ''Armored Thunderbolt: The U.S. Army Sherman in World War II'' U.S.A: Stackpole Books, 2008. ''Kindle Edition''<br />
* Zaloga, Steven J. ''Armored Champion: The Top Tanks of World War II'' U.S.A: Stackpole Books, 2015. ''Kindle Edition''<br />
<br />
{{Italy medium tanks}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Sherman_Vc_(Italy)&diff=102902Sherman Vc (Italy)2021-05-14T10:51:53Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| other<br />
| usage-1 = other Shermans<br />
| link-1 = M4 Sherman (Family)<br />
| usage-2 = other uses<br />
| link-2 = M4 (Disambiguation)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=it_sherman_vc_firefly<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Starfighters"]]. One of the most famous Sherman modifications in World War II, the Firefly introduces the potent [[Ordnance QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|17-pounder]] anti-tank gun as the main armament of the Sherman platform, presenting a very drastic increase in firepower over the original [[M3 (75 mm)|75 mm gun]]. This variant, the VC, was based off the chassis of an M4A4 Sherman.<br />
<br />
The Sherman Firefly is easily distinguishable by its ''very long'' gun, even compared to the Shermans with the American 76 mm guns. The muzzle brake on the cannon is also in a spherical shape rather than a horizontal rectangular shape so that is a distinction between the 76 mm cannon and the 17-pounder. The hull is resemblent to that of the [[M4|M4 Sherman]] although lacking the bow machine gun (it's actually based off an M4A4). The turret is also very similar, although the radio sticks out of the back in a bustle.<br />
<br />
This tank should be the supporting line in both offensive and defensive actions, providing flanking fire, long-range fire, or fast and accurate fire to the target while the heavy tanks take up the brunt of the defense. The tank is as mobile as the M4 Sherman, so picking up speed to get around the enemy is not hard. Those familiar with a M4 Sherman control will pick up on this tank very easily. While this tank is also capable of being the frontal attack unit for an assault, it is strongly advised to not due to the thin armour of the tank, necessitating the users to always get the first shot off in an encounter, otherwise the enemy will be able to destroy the Firefly easily. For a conservative, almost TD-like role, it can also perform, destroying tanks from afar.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull)<br />
* Cast homogeneous armour (Transmission area, Turret)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 50.8 mm (55°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 50.8 mm (7°) ''Driver's port'' <br> 50.8 mm (1-53°) ''Transmission area'' || 38.1 mm || 38.1 mm (22-23°) ''Top'' <br> 38.1 mm (1°) ''Bottom'' || 19.5 mm <br> 12.7 mm ''Engine deck''<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 76.2 mm (8-44°) ''Turret roof'' <br> 50.8 + 88.9 mm (1-54°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 50.8 mm (2-38°) || 50.8 mm (2-67°) ''Turret rear'' <br> 50.8 mm (1°) ''Radio box'' || 25.4 mm<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Cupola || 50.8 mm || 25.4 mm<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, bogies are 10 mm thick, and tracks are 20 mm thick.<br />
* Belly armour is 12.7 mm thick.<br />
* The bow machine gun area has been welded shut with armour, but is only 25.4 mm thick so may present a viable weakness to weaker enemies.<br />
* Unlike the armour on the American Rank III Shermans which saw itself upped from 50.8 mm to 63.5 mm, the British Firefly in Rank III retains the old 50.8 mm base armour thickness on the front hull, as well as the protruding driver and co-driver hatches in front. This makes the Firefly a much more vulnerable Sherman tank than even the American versions, a trade-off for its more powerful armament.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=659|rbMinHp=376}}<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|QF 17-pounder (76 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|76 mm QF 17-pounder]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 77 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 22.85 || 31.63 || 38.40 || 42.47 || 45.18 || rowspan="2" | 7.67 || rowspan="2" | 6.79 || rowspan="2" | 6.25 || rowspan="2" | 5.90<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 14.28 || 16.80 || 20.40 || 22.56 || 24.00<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
<br />
* '''Shot Mk.6:''' {{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}} - Standard penetrating round, use until better rounds are unlocked.<br />
* '''Shell Mk.1:''' {{Annotation|HE|High-explosive}} - It is ideal for destroying SPAA and lightly armoured tanks, but useless against anything else.<br />
* '''Shot Mk.4:''' {{Annotation|APC|Armour-piercing capped}} - Cap for better grip against sloped armour.<br />
* '''Shot Mk.8:''' {{Annotation|APCBC|Armour-piercing capped ballistic capped}} - Like Shot Mk.4 but with a ballistic cap for improved flight path, as well as better penetration.<br />
* '''Shot SV Mk.1:''' {{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}} - Highest armour penetration of any shot, but has worse spalling effect.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 171 || 168 || 155 || 139 || 126 || 113<br />
|-<br />
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 171 || 168 || 155 || 139 || 126 || 113<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 190 || 187 || 172 || 155 || 140 || 126<br />
|-<br />
| Shot SV Mk.1 || APDS || 228 || 226 || 207 || 189 || 159 || 134<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 883 || 6.98 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 580 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot SV Mk.1 || APDS || 1,203 || 1.73 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics<br />
|-<br />
! Ammunition<br />
! Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! Screen radius<br>(m)<br />
! Screen deploy time<br>(s)<br />
! Screen hold time<br>(s)<br />
! Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
|-<br />
| 17pdr Shell SS Mk.1 || 229 || 8.44 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! 7th<br>rack empty<br />
! 8th<br>rack empty<br />
! 9th<br>rack empty<br />
! 10th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''77''' || 70&nbsp;''(+7)'' || 62&nbsp;''(+15)'' || 54&nbsp;''(+23)'' || 46&nbsp;''(+31)'' || 38&nbsp;''(+39)'' || 30&nbsp;''(+47)'' || 22&nbsp;''(+55)'' || 15&nbsp;''(+62)'' || 8&nbsp;''(+69)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+76)'' || Yes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_ShermanFirefly.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<br />
Left/front empty: 46&nbsp;''(+31)''<br />
<br />
<!---==== Optics ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} [[Optics]]<br />
|-<br />
! Which ones<br />
! Default magnification<br />
! Maximum magnification<br />
|-<br />
! Main Gun optics<br />
| x3 || x6<br />
|-<br />
! Comparable optics<br />
| colspan="2;" style="text-align:center;" | [[VFW]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
First tank in Medium tank British tech line to have X6 scope. It will not get any better than this until rank VI, so get used to it - it will be the same across entire tech tree for a while with SPAA being the only exception.<br />
<br />
As of rank III, this scope is slightly or moderately superior to most medium and heavy tanks, but do not expect to outsnipe German SPG as they have same optics or even better.---><br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|L3A1 (7.62 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Pintle || 750 (200) || 577 || -10°/+15° || ±180°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[L3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L3A1]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Coaxial || 5,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
Shoot and scoot. Unless the enemy's tank gunner has been knocked out (black only), cannon breech has been disabled (red/black), or cannon barrel is disabled (red/black) that inhibits the enemy's ability to fire back, don't expose the tank after firing. Always try to retreat back into cover to relead. Once reloaded, preferably pop out of an area different from the last firing position and take another shot. Make sure to eliminate the enemy's ability to fire back by destroying their cannon breech and traverse gears, or incapacitate their driver and gunner again if they were replaced. During this whole process, watch out for other enemy tanks and avoid being swarmed. With situational awareness combined with the correct usage of the map, the Firefly becomes a decent tank capable of effectively fighting every medium and heavy tank it faces.<br />
<br />
The Firefly can excel at vaporizing tanks that have clustered crew, like StuGs, SUs, T-34s, KVs, and even Panzer IIIs and IVs. The post penetration affect of the Firefly's shells after the AP buffs allow it to decimate those tanks. However, it is recommended to still shoot from afar, as all of these tanks can destroy the Firefly easily.<br />
<br />
Definitely do not play to aggressively. The huge weakness of the 3/4 crew in the turret is almost always pointed out immediately, because it's a huge issue. It good hit either means a quick trip back to the hangar, or a lengthy crew replenishment time on AB. But this ignores the fact that the tank is just a huge glass cannon, as any shot anywhere will likely cripple the tank.<br />
<br />
The Sherman Firefly can dish out the punishment necessary for heavy tanks, but can't take it. Don't expose the tank towards enemy fire too long due to the thin armour on the Firefly in comparison to other tanks such as the Russian [[T-34-85]]s and the Germans [[Panther D|Panthers]]. Take a shot, preferably from a flanking location, then retreat into cover regardless of the shot's effect on target, because if the target could swing its gun towards the Firefly, or have friends that could hit it, consider writing off the Firefly very soon. This varies between different enemies, as going against something like the [[KV-2 (1939)|KV-2]] would be different than going against a [[Tiger H1|Tiger I]].<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Uses the tried and tested Sherman chassis. Experienced players will find this tank easy to use.<br />
* Very fast turret traverse speed.<br />
* The 17-Pounder gun, which can penetrate every single tank it faces, although newer players may struggle against the Panther.<br />
* APDS rounds with excellent penetrating capabilities<br />
* Fast reload even with untrained crew.<br />
* 77 rounds maximum.<br />
* Fast and very mobile.<br />
* Has .50 cal AA machine gun that's unique among other vehicles as it can rotate for 360°.<br />
* Has no side bulges unlike the Premium version.<br />
* Post penetration damage tends to be enough to knock out crews when clustered together, such as on the T-34 series or turrets.<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Armour of a [[M4|M4 Sherman]], very thin for a Rank III vehicle.<br />
* Large profile.<br />
* 4 crew members, 3 of which are clustered in the turret, making it easier to knock out.<br />
* Bad gun depression of only -5 degrees.<br />
* Gun post penetration damage is decent with the AP buffs, but still won't always one shot a tank.<br />
* Smart enemies will shoot the spot where the radio operator gunner usually sat, as in the Firefly, that spot is replaced by ammo (unless carrying 54 ammo).<br />
* Lacks [[Add-on Armor|additional armour]] unlike its British counterpart.<br />
* Reverse speed is bad.<br />
* Like all vehicles armed with early version of the 17-pounder gun, it will struggle before it has the Shot Mk.8.<br />
* Stock AP round is painful to use. It fragments poorly, bounces often and does very little damage unless hitting ammo or modules.<br />
* Unlike other Shermans, it doesn't have access to a gun stabilizer and thus the gun sight will rock up and down on a sudden stop.<br />
* Traverse is mediocre, and bad when its stock.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
===Concept===<br />
Around 1943 in World War II, the [[M4|M4 Sherman]] was one of the best tanks in use by the Allies. It superseded the German standard [[Pz.III J|Panzer IIIs]] and [[Pz.IV F1|Panzer IVs]] at the time. However, it was during the middle of 1943 that the Sherman design was beginning to wane in superiority with the reveal of newer German tanks in the front lines, namely the [[Tiger H1|Tiger I]] and the [[Panther D|Panther]] tanks.<ref name="ZalogaCh3Panther">Zaloga 2008, ''Chapter 3: The Panzer Nemesis: The Panther Threat''</ref> These tanks are able to not only take out the Sherman at a longer range than the Sherman can compete in, but could also withstand the 75 mm rounds fired from the Sherman with their frontal armour. In order to improve the Sherman's firepower against these better German tanks, the Americans decided to upgun their tanks with the better [[M1 (76 mm)|76 mm gun]]. The British, however, decide to up the ante with one of the Allies' most powerful anti-tank gun at the time, the 17-pounder.<br />
<br />
The ''[[Ordnance QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|Ordnance QF 17-pounder]]'' was a 76.2 mm anti-tank gun developed by the United Kingdom around 1942, but was considered as far back as 21 November 1940.<ref name="Fletcher17">Fletcher 2008, ''The 17-pounder''</ref> The British predicted that the Germans would be increasing their tank armour gradually to make current anti-tank weapons ineffective in North Africa, a lesson learned when their issued [[Ordnance QF 2-pounder (40 mm)|2-pounder]], [[Ordnance QF 6-pounder Mk.III (57 mm)|6-pounder]], and [[Ordnance QF Mk.V (75 mm)|75 mm]] guns were meeting heavier armoured tanks, and even tanks with superior firepower like the [[KwK 40 (75 mm)|75 mm KwK 40]] on the [[Pz.IV F2|Pz.Kpfw. IV Ausf. F2]].<ref name="Fletcher17" /> The first prototype batch was completed in Spring 1942 and the design was finalized in 1943 and accepted into service that same year, where it would see great effect in the Italian Campaign as one of the best Allied anti-tank guns.<ref name="Hunnicutt17pdr">Hunnicutt 1978, pg. 303</ref> One of the reasons why the 17-pounder was so effective was the use of the APDS shot (Armour-Piercing Discarding-Sabot), which could penetrate up to 256 mm of armour at 500 meters distance; this is due to the smaller, but much faster projectile used that contains more kinetic energy than a full-sized shot. However, drawbacks with this ammunition was the lack of tracer to be able to adjust shots, the inaccuracy beyond 500 yards, and the less damage it could cause to the enemy tank.<ref name="FletcherAmmo">Fletcher 2008, ''Ammunition''</ref><br />
<br />
===Development===<br />
====A kick-start====<br />
The 17-pounder effectiveness against the new German tanks and the lackluster anti-armour firepower on British tanks brought upon the concept of mounting the 17-pounder onto tanks. The first mention of mounting the powerful gun onto a tank carriage was as early as 09 December 1941 by Tank Board, which prompted the design specification ''A29'', a 45-ton 17-pounder armed tank that was eventually cancelled for another design. The next design took the [[Cromwell V|Cromwell]] tank as its basis, with development proceeding in 1942 as the ''[[Challenger|A30]]'' (later known as the Challenger). While A30 was in development, the prolonged development time had Tank Board set up for two more 17-pounder projects, the [[Comet I|A34]] (Comet) for a short term project and [[Centurion Mk 1|A41]] (Centurion) for a long term one, in the summer of 1943.<ref name="Fletcher17" /> However, in the same year, a side project for a 17-pounder tank was conducted by two officers.<br />
<br />
Royal Tank Regiment major George Brighty, based at the Royal Armoured Corps Gunnery School at Lulworth in Dorset, had the belief that the M4 Sherman was a better tank mount for the 17-pounder than the A30, which was being tested in Lulworth. He experimented around an acquired Sherman, though came to a conclusion that the turret size was too small for the 17-pounder's breech and recoil. Still, he persisted in his efforts and in a rather absurd solution, fitted the 17-pounder into the turret by locking the gun into the mounts and removing the lengthy recoil system, forcing the tank's mass and suspension to absorb the entirety of the 17-pounder recoil. Though this proved to have worked, the modification was far from ideal for any practical usage.<ref name="FletcherLulworth">Fletcher 2008, ''Developments At Lulworth''</ref><br />
<br />
During his trials, Brighty joined up with another major of the RTR by the name of George Witheridge. Witheridge was also convinced of the Sherman's virtues from his time at Fort Knox when advising on tank gunnery techniques. While he appreciated the dual-purpose usage the [[M3 (75 mm)|75 mm gun]] on the Sherman provided, he was concerned on improving the armour-piercing properties while retaining the same high-explosive charge. Witheridge arrived at Lulworth to Brighty's design, which he found unsuitable. In a statement on how confident such a design looked from the outside, Witheridge test-fired Brighty's 17-pounder Sherman from the outside three times before trying it out inside. Priority soon shifted to develop a recoil system for the Sherman-mounted 17-pounder. However, some time after Witheridge's arrival, the Department of Tank Design (DTD) sent a directive to the two lads to cease their development on the up-gunning of the Sherman, possibly to protect their A30 project. Witheridge, still keen to the idea of using the Sherman, tried to get this directive reversed by appealing to his connections, namely a man going by Major General Raymond Briggs. Briggs, Witheridge's commanding officer in North Africa and also enthusiastic about improving British tank firepower, put the word to Claude Gibb, Director General of Weapon and Instrument Production at Ministry of Supply, to which Gibb approved and the 17-pounder Sherman was back up. However, with the Ministry of Supply now involved with the project, the design was shifted from two enthusiastic officers to the engineers.<ref name="FletcherLulworth" /><br />
<br />
====Professional's touch====<br />
One person deemed responsible for completing the project was W.G.K. Kilbourn, a professional engineer at Vickers who was stationed at Chertsey when he was assigned the 17-pounder Sherman by the DTD.<ref name="FletcherDesign">Fletcher 2008, ''Designing The Firefly''</ref> He managed to fit the 17-pounder gun into the Sherman turret by extensively modifying the gun. He replaced the recoil cylinders with shorter ones mounted on the sides, opposite to each other top and bottom, on a special cradle, modified the gun barrel to fit onto the cradle for better support, and placed the gun breech to open horizontally (contrary to the statement that the gun was simply rotated 90 degrees sideways as the operators of the gun have not been rotated along with the breech).<ref name="MoransVideoPt2">Morans 2017, Time (3:00)</ref> The redesigned 17-pounder, named ''Mk IV'' was built on 11 November 1943 at the Royal Ordnance Factory and could fit into the Sherman turret,<ref name="FletcherDesign" /> but now the concern was on the crew inside. The large breech of the modified 17-pounder ate up a lot of internal space and isolated the loader on the left side of the gun and turret; the solution was to cut a hole on top of the loader's position and add a hatch. The radio, usually mounted on the rear of the turret, was deemed too close to the recoiling breech for comfort so an armoured box was welded to the turret rear for the radio and a hole cut into the turret rear for operating the radio away from the recoiling gun. The armoured box also had the benefit of acting as a counter-weight for the longer and heavier gun for the turret.<ref name="FletcherConversion">Fletcher 2008, ''The Conversion Programme''</ref> Finally, there was an issue of ammo stowage for the larger and heavier 17-pdr rounds, 6 inches longer than the 75 mm shells. The stowage on the tank was in bins in the turret for ready access, but a bulk of it was placed under the turret floor that could only be accessed when the turret was aligned a certain position for each bin, making them more for replenishing the ready racks during breaks in combat. To increase the stowage for more 17-pounder rounds, the bow machine gunner was removed along with his machine gun (the port welded over by a prominent wedge shaped armour) and a rack holding 15 rounds placed in his location, however the position for the rack was also impossible to reach during combat and one location on the rack was so hard to get to that it wasn't used, making the total stowage 14 rounds instead.<ref name="FletcherDesign" /><br />
<br />
Kilbourn efforts and those of assisting engineers managed to finally fit the large 17-pounder gun into the constrained space of the Sherman turret intended to mount the 75 mm gun, as well as perform the necessary modifications to accommodate combat usage of the vehicle. It then moved onto the next stage of being approved for service.<br />
<br />
====Conversions====<br />
Inspection of the completed Sherman with the 17-pdr started on 06 January 1944, and the War Office wrote a requirement for up to 2,100 of the tanks to be upgunned. Not every Sherman could follow the conversion, whether by technical or logistics limitations, and only petrol-engined, M34A1 gun mounted, and have a hydraulic turret traverse system. This meant that the Shermans converted were the ''[[Firefly «Scorpion»|Sherman I]]'' ([[M4|M4]]),''Sherman I Hybrid'' (M4 "Composite") , and ''[[Sherman Firefly|Sherman V]]'' (M4A4). Technically the ''[[Sherman II]]'' ([[M4A1|M4A1]]) and Sherman III ([[M4A3 (76) W|M4A3]]) were also eligible for conversion with those standards, but information on the Sherman II are scarce and photographic evidence of cast hull converted Shermans usually turn out to be Sherman I Hybrids; Sherman III are all allocated to the U.S. Army as their mainstay tank so no M4A3 were even available in British service to convert.<ref name="FletcherConversion" /> Tanks armed with the 17-pounder were designated by a ''"C"'' in the name at the end of their mark number, leading to names such as the "Sherman VC" to denote a M4A4 with the 17-pounder conversion. Troops with the upgunned Sherman, as early as March 1944, were describing tank as a '''Firefly''', regardless of the type.<ref name="FletcherName">Fletcher 2008, ''What's in a Name?''</ref> How it got the name is debatable, but it is most likely due to the very prominent muzzle flash that the 17-pounder produces when firing.<ref name="ZalogaCh4British">Zaloga 2008, ''Chapter 4: The Future Sherman: Improve or Replace?: The British Approach''</ref><br />
<br />
Still, as D-Day approached for the Allied forces and the A30 Challenger was continually delayed, the eagerness of the troops to acquire the Firefly rose substantially. Four factories were prioritized for the conversion, two at London, one at Manchester and another at Nottingham. From the conversion period of 1944 to 1945, up to and between 2,100 to 2,200 Fireflies were converted, making it the most produced tank with the 17-pounder of the war. Allocation of the Fireflies was one troop per three Sherman troop (troop was an equivalent of platoon and consisted of 4 tanks), but even regiments that were equipped with Cromwells were supplemented with Fireflies until the A30 Challenger was fit for service. The Fireflies were also allocated to Canadian and Polish regiments.<ref name="FletcherConversion" /> Due to the relative newness of the Firefly, most of the training done on the utilization and deployment of the Fireflies were done on the combat field by each regiment.<ref name="FletcherDesign" /><br />
<br />
===Combat usage===<br />
<br />
===Legacy===<br />
The Firefly's reputation during and after the war is a product of hindsight. The British understood the trend that was happening in German armoured forces and acted accordingly with the 17-pounder. It should be noted that the 17-pounder's super round, the APDS, did not appear in Firefly stowage until August 1944,<ref name="FletcherAmmo">Fletcher 2008, ''Ammunition''</ref> and in combat was really inaccurate past 500 yards and the round fouled the barrel that it affected follow-up shots with APCBC rounds. As such, APCBC round would still be standard usage and though the 17-pounder was still slightly more powerful than the 76 mm, it traded crew comfort and design quality in the Firefly in comparison to the 76 mm gun in the larger T23 turret. What solidified the Firefly's place in history in comparison to the 76 mm Shermans was that on the very first day that the Allies invaded Normandy, the British actually brought the Fireflies while the Americans left their 76 mm guns in English depots.<ref name="Zaloga76mmFrance">Zaloga 2003, ''Initial Deployment Problems''</ref> Thus, the British can claim with great confidence that on the opening days of Operation Overlord, they had a tank that could kill the German cats.<br />
<br />
=== In Italian Service ===<br />
The Firefly first saw action in Italy in British, American and Polish hands in the Italian Campaign in 1944, but were ceased since heavy German armor proved to be a challenging opponent for the Firefly. After WW2, when Italy joined NATO, they were supplied by Firefly VC medium tank, designated as "M4 Tipo VC" (VC is the callsign of a M4A4 Sherman tank using a 17pdr gun). They were supplied and commissioned in 1947 and decommissioned and scrapped in 1952.<br />
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== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
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* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=italy&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=it_sherman_vc_firefly Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|lwRfZ-Y_NLk|''' The Sherman Vc Medium Tank (Italy)''' - ''Orangefan''}}<br />
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== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis<br />
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* [[M4 Sherman (Family)]]<br />
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;Vehicles equipped with the same gun & turret<br />
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* [[Sherman Firefly]]<br />
* [[Sherman IC "Trzyniec"]]<br />
* [[M4 Tipo IC]]<br />
<br />
;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role<br />
<br />
* [[M4A1 (76) W]]<br />
* [[M4A4 (SA50)]]<br />
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== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
===References===<br />
'''Citations'''<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
'''Bibliography'''<br />
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* Fletcher, David. ''Sherman Firefly'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2008. ''Kindle Edition''<br />
* Hunnicutt, R.P. ''Sherman: A History of the American Medium Tank'' U.S.A.: Feist Publications, 1978<br />
* Morans, Nicholas. ''Inside the Chieftain's Hatch: Sherman VC "Firefly" part 2'' YouTube, 20 Mar. 2017. Web. 29 Mar. 2017.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tYRFpe27SnA]<br />
* Zaloga, Steven J. ''M4 (76mm) Sherman Medium Tank 1943-65'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2003. ''Kindle Edition''<br />
* Zaloga, Steven J. ''Armored Thunderbolt: The U.S. Army Sherman in World War II'' U.S.A: Stackpole Books, 2008. ''Kindle Edition''<br />
* Zaloga, Steven J. ''Armored Champion: The Top Tanks of World War II'' U.S.A: Stackpole Books, 2015. ''Kindle Edition''<br />
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{{Italy medium tanks}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Ostwind&diff=102893Ostwind2021-05-14T04:51:20Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=germ_flakpanzer_IV_Ostwind<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German SPAA {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.43]]. The younger brother of the infamous Wirbelwind, Ostwind, is another German SPAAG, which is another force to be reckoned with. It switches quad 20mm autocannons for one 37mm gun, which comes with its advantages and disadvantages. The chassis is the same as on the previous SPAAG. While the player doesn't have to reload the primary weapon, which allows for the continuous fire, he or she has to be aware of overheating. Default belt works wonders again planes and ground tech alike.<br />
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== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
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'''Armour type:'''<br />
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* Rolled homogeneous armour<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Armour<br />
!Front (Slope angle)<br />
!Sides (Slope angle)<br />
!Rear (Slope angle)<br />
!Roof<br />
|-<br />
|Hull<br />
|20 mm (70°) ''Upper Glacis''<br />
80 mm (10°, 20°) ''Front, Lower Glacis''<br />
|30 mm<br />
|20 mm<br />
|10 mm<br />
|-<br />
|Turret<br />
|25 mm (50°)<br />
|25 mm (50°)<br />
|25 mm (50°)<br />
!<br />
|}<br />
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The Ostwind is lightly armoured, as most anti-air vehicles are, but is also unexpectedly survivable. With 5 crew members and a fairly spacious crew compartment, it is not uncommon for the vehicle to survive a direct hit from a shell, even one containing explosive filler. A center-mass shot to the hull will often only hit the ammunition storage, and there is a good chance that the ammo will not detonate in these situations.<br />
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However, this does not mean that the Ostwind is incredibly well-protected by any stretch of the imagination. It is still only a lightly armoured SPAA, and enemy tanks will have absolutely no trouble destroying it. Usually, a well-placed shot can at least cripple the Ostwind's ability to move or fire. Also note that the Ostwind's turret is completely exposed, making the three crew members within very vulnerable to strafing attacks by enemy aircraft.<br />
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=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
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{{tankMobility|abMinHp=426|rbMinHp=265}}<br />
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=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
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== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|FlaK43 (37 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="6" | [[FlaK43 (37 mm)|37 mm FlaK43]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 1,000 (8) || rowspan="2" | 250 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+87° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 30.82 || 42.66 || 51.80 || 57.28 || 60.94 || rowspan="2" | 0.31 || rowspan="2" | 0.28 || rowspan="2" | 0.25 || rowspan="2" | 0.24<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 20.83 || 24.50 || 29.75 || 32.90 || 35.00<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
<br />
* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|APHE|Armour-piercing high-explosive}}{{-}}{{Annotation|FI-T|Fragmentation incendiary tracer}}<br />
* '''Sprgr. 18:''' {{Annotation|FI-T|Fragmentation incendiary tracer}}<br />
* '''PzGr:''' {{Annotation|APHE|Armour-piercing high-explosive}}<br />
* '''M.Gr.18:''' {{Annotation|FI-T|Fragmentation incendiary tracer}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Default || 49 || 46 || 33 || 22 || 14 || 10<br />
|-<br />
| Sprgr. 18 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3<br />
|-<br />
| PzGr || 49 || 46 || 33 || 22 || 14 || 10<br />
|-<br />
| M.Gr.18 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Belt details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Sprgr. 18 || FI-T || 820 || 0.62 || 0.3 || 0.1 || 49.3 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| PzGr || APHE || 770 || 0.69 || 1.2 || 9.0 || 22.1 || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| M.Gr.18 || FI-T || 914 || 0.55 || N/A || 0.1 || 108 || 47° || 56° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''125''' || 93&nbsp;''(+32)'' || 62&nbsp;''(+63)'' || 31&nbsp;''(+94)'' || 6&nbsp;''(+119)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+124)'' || 0&nbsp;''(+125)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
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The Ostwind is best played in an anti-aircraft role. When this play-style is used, it is recommended (as it is recommended for any anti-air vehicle) to fire only when there is a good chance of hitting enemy aircraft. Firing at long ranges with the hopes of getting a lucky hit is both a waste of ammunition and a good way to broadcast your position to enemy ground and air units. Also, try to stay near cover--next to buildings or under trees and shrubbery--since the Ostwind's open turret makes its crew quite vulnerable to strafing attacks.<br />
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In a pinch, the Ostwind can be used to attack light and medium ground targets. This is often not the Ostwind's most effective use, but it is possible to destroy such enemy vehicles using the PzGr round, especially when firing at their sides or rear. Still, keep in mind that the Ostwind is itself lightly armoured, and quite easy to disable or destroy. If this vehicle is to be used in an anti-ground role, then it is best to avoid being detected by the enemy whenever possible. Also note that against heavier tanks such as the [[KV-1 (Family)|KV-1]], the PzGr round will likely not be able to penetrate from any angle.<br />
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=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
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'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Never need to reload<br />
* Very little lead required to hit enemy aircraft<br />
* Reasonable rate of fire for the calibre (37 mm)<br />
* A single hit often cripples or completely destroys an enemy aircraft<br />
* An M18's worst nightmare<br />
* Rather difficult to kill with one shot<br />
* Turret is better armoured than the Wirbelwind<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Based on the chassis of a 4.0 tank; here the armour lacking and is slow moving<br />
* A viewing port in the turret allows enemies to kill the gunner with machine gun fire<br />
* Open turret; susceptible to aerial gunfire or bomb blast shrapnel<br />
* Significantly harder to hit and kill an enemy aircraft when compared to the Wirbelwind<br />
* Pz. Gr. belt no longer has 65 mm of penetration; combat ability is debatably worse than the Wirbelwind<br />
* Can get overwhelmed if there are lots of planes<br />
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== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
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From 1943 onward Germany began to place more and more emphasis on self-propelled anti-aircraft guns (SPAAGs). This was because the Luftwaffe had lost their aerial supremacy they had maintained early in the war, as the Allied powers were able to completely outpace the German industry in terms of aircraft production. This lead to designs such as the 3.7 cm ''Flak auf Fahrgestell Panzerkampfwagen'' IV (sf) "Möbelwagen", which was succeeded by the Flakpanzer IV Wirbelwind - which was based on the Panzer IV chassis.<br />
<br />
Designed in 1944, the Flakpanzer IV Ostwind (East Wind) was another Panzer IV based SPAAG, and it was designed to replace the earlier Wirbelwind. An unmodified Panzerkampfwagen IV chassis was used with the turret removed and replaced by a new open-topped hexagonal turret. The turret was open-topped to ventilate the large quantities of smoke generated by the gun, which would otherwise enter the enclosed crew compartment and cause harm to the crew. The armament of the Ostwind was a 3.7 cm Flak 43 anti-aircraft gun. The 37 mm gun was not only effective against aircraft, but also against lightly armored vehicles and light fortifications. Compared to the Wirbelwind, the Ostwind had a slightly better protected turret and a more powerful armament. The Flak 43 was simply more powerful than the 2 cm Flak 38 guns of the Wirbelwind.<br />
<br />
The Bundeswehr ordered 100 Flakpanzer IV Ostwinds in August 1944, but only 44 vehicles were completed between December 1944 and March 1945. 37 of the vehicles were converted from already existing PzKpfw IV tanks, and 7 were purpose-built. All conversions and constructions were carried out at Ostbau Werke in Sagan, Silesia (now in Poland).<br />
<br />
=== In-game description ===<br />
A development of the Wirbelwind project. The goal of the Ostwind project was to increase the unit's firepower, protection, and effective range. For this purpose, a 3.7 cm FlaK 43 anti-air gun was installed on it, and its turret's armor was increased to 25 mm. The first prototype was completed in September, 1944. In the same month, on the 23rd, it was used in combat operations on the Eastern Front. Between 1944 and 1945 Ostbau-Sagan released 43 mounts. They were more effective than their predecessors had been.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=germany&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=spaa&vehicle=germ_flakpanzer_IV_Ostwind Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|naeDoEwZ5Pg|'''German SPAAs''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 2:22 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|5rmqhfuEC90|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''<br />
* ''other literature.''<br />
<br />
{{Germany anti-aircraft vehicles}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Ostwind&diff=102892Ostwind2021-05-14T04:41:07Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=germ_flakpanzer_IV_Ostwind<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German SPAA {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.43]]. The younger brother of the infamous Wirbelwind, Ostwind, is another German SPAAG, which is another force to be reckoned with. It switches quad 20mm autocannons for one 37mm gun, which comes with its advantages and disadvantages. The chassis is the same as on the previous SPAAG. While the player doesn't have to reload the primary weapon, which allows for the continuous fire, he or she has to be aware of overheating. Default belt works wonders again planes and ground tech alike.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
<br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Armour<br />
!Front (Slope angle)<br />
!Sides (Slope angle)<br />
!Rear (Slope angle)<br />
!Roof<br />
|-<br />
|Hull<br />
|20 mm (70°) ''Upper Glacis''<br />
80 mm (10°, 20°) ''Front, Lower Glacis''<br />
|30 mm<br />
|20 mm<br />
|10 mm<br />
|-<br />
|Turret<br />
|25 mm (50°)<br />
|25 mm (50°)<br />
|25 mm (50°)<br />
!<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The Ostwind is lightly armoured, as most anti-air vehicles are, but is also unexpectedly survivable. With 5 crew members and a fairly spacious crew compartment, it is not uncommon for the vehicle to survive a direct hit from a shell, even one containing explosive filler. A center-mass shot to the hull will often only hit the ammunition storage, and there is a good chance that the ammo will not detonate in these situations.<br />
<br />
However, this does not mean that the Ostwind is incredibly well-protected by any stretch of the imagination. It is still only a lightly armoured SPAA, and enemy tanks will have absolutely no trouble destroying it. Usually, a well-placed shot can at least cripple the Ostwind's ability to move or fire. Also note that the Ostwind's turret is completely exposed, making the three crew members within very vulnerable to strafing attacks by enemy aircraft.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=426|rbMinHp=265}}<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|FlaK43 (37 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="6" | [[FlaK43 (37 mm)|37 mm FlaK43]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 1,000 (8) || rowspan="2" | 250 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+87° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 30.82 || 42.66 || 51.80 || 57.28 || 60.94 || rowspan="2" | 0.31 || rowspan="2" | 0.28 || rowspan="2" | 0.25 || rowspan="2" | 0.24<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 20.83 || 24.50 || 29.75 || 32.90 || 35.00<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
<br />
* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|APHE|Armour-piercing high-explosive}}{{-}}{{Annotation|FI-T|Fragmentation incendiary tracer}}<br />
* '''Sprgr. 18:''' {{Annotation|FI-T|Fragmentation incendiary tracer}}<br />
* '''PzGr:''' {{Annotation|APHE|Armour-piercing high-explosive}}<br />
* '''M.Gr.18:''' {{Annotation|FI-T|Fragmentation incendiary tracer}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Default || 49 || 46 || 33 || 22 || 14 || 10<br />
|-<br />
| Sprgr. 18 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3<br />
|-<br />
| PzGr || 49 || 46 || 33 || 22 || 14 || 10<br />
|-<br />
| M.Gr.18 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Belt details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Sprgr. 18 || FI-T || 820 || 0.62 || 0.3 || 0.1 || 49.3 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| PzGr || APHE || 770 || 0.69 || 1.2 || 9.0 || 22.1 || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| M.Gr.18 || FI-T || 914 || 0.55 || N/A || 0.1 || 108 || 47° || 56° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''125''' || 93&nbsp;''(+32)'' || 62&nbsp;''(+63)'' || 31&nbsp;''(+94)'' || 6&nbsp;''(+119)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+124)'' || 0&nbsp;''(+125)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
<br />
The Ostwind is best played in an anti-aircraft role. When this play-style is used, it is recommended (as it is recommended for any anti-air vehicle) to fire only when there is a good chance of hitting enemy aircraft. Firing at long ranges with the hopes of getting a lucky hit is both a waste of ammunition and a good way to broadcast your position to enemy ground and air units. Also, try to stay near cover--next to buildings or under trees and shrubbery--since the Ostwind's open turret makes its crew quite vulnerable to strafing attacks.<br />
<br />
In a pinch, the Ostwind can be used to attack light and medium ground targets. This is often not the Ostwind's most effective use, but it is possible to destroy such enemy vehicles using the PzGr round, especially when firing at their sides or rear. Still, keep in mind that the Ostwind is itself lightly armoured, and quite easy to disable or destroy. If this vehicle is to be used in an anti-ground role, then it is best to avoid being detected by the enemy whenever possible. Also note that against heavier tanks such as the [[KV-1 (Family)|KV-1]], the PzGr round will likely not be able to penetrate from any angle.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Never need to reload<br />
* Very little lead required to hit enemy aircraft<br />
* Reasonable rate of fire for the calibre (37 mm)<br />
* A single hit often cripples or completely destroys an enemy aircraft<br />
* An M18's worst nightmare<br />
* Rather difficult to kill with one shot<br />
* Turret is better armoured than the Wirbelwind<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Based on the chassis of a 4.0 tank; here the armour lacking and is slow moving<br />
* A viewing port in the turret allows enemies to kill the gunner with machine gun fire<br />
* Open turret; susceptible to aerial gunfire or bomb blast shrapnel<br />
* Significantly harder to hit and kill an enemy aircraft when compared to the Wirbelwind<br />
* Pz. Gr. belt no longer has 65 mm of penetration; combat ability is debatably worse than the Wirbelwind<br />
* Can get overwhelmed if there are lots of planes due to gun lift speed<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
<br />
From 1943 onward Germany began to place more and more emphasis on self-propelled anti-aircraft guns (SPAAGs). This was because the Luftwaffe had lost their aerial supremacy they had maintained early in the war, as the Allied powers were able to completely outpace the German industry in terms of aircraft production. This lead to designs such as the 3.7 cm ''Flak auf Fahrgestell Panzerkampfwagen'' IV (sf) "Möbelwagen", which was succeeded by the Flakpanzer IV Wirbelwind - which was based on the Panzer IV chassis.<br />
<br />
Designed in 1944, the Flakpanzer IV Ostwind (East Wind) was another Panzer IV based SPAAG, and it was designed to replace the earlier Wirbelwind. An unmodified Panzerkampfwagen IV chassis was used with the turret removed and replaced by a new open-topped hexagonal turret. The turret was open-topped to ventilate the large quantities of smoke generated by the gun, which would otherwise enter the enclosed crew compartment and cause harm to the crew. The armament of the Ostwind was a 3.7 cm Flak 43 anti-aircraft gun. The 37 mm gun was not only effective against aircraft, but also against lightly armored vehicles and light fortifications. Compared to the Wirbelwind, the Ostwind had a slightly better protected turret and a more powerful armament. The Flak 43 was simply more powerful than the 2 cm Flak 38 guns of the Wirbelwind.<br />
<br />
The Bundeswehr ordered 100 Flakpanzer IV Ostwinds in August 1944, but only 44 vehicles were completed between December 1944 and March 1945. 37 of the vehicles were converted from already existing PzKpfw IV tanks, and 7 were purpose-built. All conversions and constructions were carried out at Ostbau Werke in Sagan, Silesia (now in Poland).<br />
<br />
=== In-game description ===<br />
A development of the Wirbelwind project. The goal of the Ostwind project was to increase the unit's firepower, protection, and effective range. For this purpose, a 3.7 cm FlaK 43 anti-air gun was installed on it, and its turret's armor was increased to 25 mm. The first prototype was completed in September, 1944. In the same month, on the 23rd, it was used in combat operations on the Eastern Front. Between 1944 and 1945 Ostbau-Sagan released 43 mounts. They were more effective than their predecessors had been.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=germany&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=spaa&vehicle=germ_flakpanzer_IV_Ostwind Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|naeDoEwZ5Pg|'''German SPAAs''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 2:22 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|5rmqhfuEC90|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''<br />
* ''other literature.''<br />
<br />
{{Germany anti-aircraft vehicles}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=AMX-50_Foch&diff=102114AMX-50 Foch2021-05-05T07:13:45Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
|about=tank destroyer '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
|usage=other uses<br />
|link=AMX-50 (Family)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=fr_amx_50_foch<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.75 "La Résistance"]] along with the initial French ground tree.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
<br />
The AMX-50 Foch is able to withstand every single round it faces in combat except HEATFS and 105mm APCR sub-calibre shots frontally. It is often confused with the [[CA Lorraine]] and vice-versa due to its similarities in profile, size and frontal plate. For the same reason, people may think you are fragile yet you are one of the toughest armour to crack at the battle rating. It should be noted that only the front is the strong section of the tank. Roof, rear and sides are the most vulnerable places of the tank, even for 20 mm autocannons.<br />
<br />
Regarding crew compartment, despite being not too tight but not huge either, it has a high survivability specially for the number of crew members and the huge breech of the 120 mm cannon (they will most likely destroy your breech with a side shot but it will stop most of the spalling). The ammunition is located at the rear of the crew compartment (in front of engine deck) an at the hull sides. This makes the Foch one of the easiest tanks to ammo rack at the battle rating. The tank has a crew amount of 5 crewmen: driver, gunner, commander and two loaders, one of them is the machine gunner<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 180mm (55°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 100 mm (60°) ''Lower glacis'' <br> 180-300 (0-72°) + 180 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 40 mm (15°) ''Top'' <br> 40 mm ''Bottom'' || 40 mm ''Top'' <br> 40 mm (40°) ''Bottom'' || 30 mm ''Fighting compartment'' <br> 20 mm ''Engine deck'' <br> 90 mm ''Gun mantlet''<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Cupola || 200 mm ''Front'' <br> 30 mm ''Everywhere else'' || 30 mm<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels and tracks are both 20 mm thick.<br />
* Road wheels are interleaved and provide cumulative protection for the lower side hull.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,420|rbMinHp=884}}<br />
<br />
The AMX-50 Foch is not as fast as compared with other turretless tank destroyers as the [[JPz 4-5]] but not as slow as the [[Jagdtiger]]. Despite being huge, it is absurdly fast and agile for a tank its size due to being mounted on an AMX-50 chassis but with stronger armour than the Jagdtiger. As the rest of the French tanks, it has excellent neutral steering but the reverse speed is horrible. It is compensated with a tremendous horsepower and armour as well as a potent main gun. It should not be played as fast as the JPz 4-5 as well as risky but it should not be fully played as bastion defence.<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|SA46 (120 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The AMX-50 Foch can be considered as a hybrid between the [[CA Lorraine]] and the [[AMX-50 Surbaisse]]: it shares the height of the Lorraine but mobility and the firepower of the AMX-50 Surbaisse. The gun has a use and ballistic similar to the Surbaisse (both share the same ammunition).<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[SA46 (120 mm)|120 mm SA46]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 48 || rowspan="2" | -6°/+16° || rowspan="2" | ±9° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 5.3 || 7.3 || 8.9 || 9.8 || 10.5 || rowspan="2" | 19.37 || rowspan="2" | 17.14 || rowspan="2" | 15.79 || rowspan="2" | 14.90<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 3.6 || 4.2 || 5.1 || 5.6 || 6.0<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
''APBC:'' This is the first and only anti-tank ammunition the AMX-50 Foch. Despite having a "low" penetration (compared to other rounds seen at the battle rating) it should not be underestimated. It has the penetration to deal with all heavy tanks frontally (with exception of Maus and E-100) as well as enough spalling to destroy lightly armoured vehicles. This round is a 90% confirmed one shot kill due to its tremendous mass.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| 120 mm Obus de rupture || APBC || 301 || 298 || 286 || 272 || 258 || 245<br />
|-<br />
| 120 mm Obus explosif || HE || 39 || 39 || 39 || 39 || 39 || 39<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| 120 mm Obus de rupture || APBC || 1,067 || 23.1 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| 120 mm Obus explosif || HE || 762 || 22.84 || 0 || 0.1 || 4,650 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<!-- '''Last updated:''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''48''' || 43&nbsp;''(+5)'' || 31&nbsp;''(+17)'' || 19&nbsp;''(+29)'' || 5&nbsp;''(+43)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+47)'' || Yes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Right side empty: 19&nbsp;(+29)<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|MG 151 (15 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The MG151 can be considered as one of the most reliable HMG (Heavy Machine Gun) in game due to multiple factors: ammunition capacity, muzzle velocity and penetration, stopping power and rate of fire. It is a Jack-of-all-trades when it comes to ground battles, it has a faster muzzle velocity than 20 mm cannons but has more destructive power than the 14.5 mm (Russian HMG caliber) machine gun but it overheats really fast. The MG151 is almost exclusive to this specific tank and is able of doing multiple things:<br />
<br />
* Immediate ground defence: this machine gun is able to damage and destroyed external components of all tanks (tracks, gun barrels, etc), destroy lightly armoured vehicles (with armour thinner than 45 mm), obstruction removal (fences, walls, etc) and spotting.<br />
* Immediate air defence: due to being roof mounted inside a cupola with a 360° rotation and a 20° elevation, it is able to critically damage low-flying aircraft. This belts have AP-I round which can cause fatal damage on all low flying aircraft (it often lights them on fire or damages their engine).<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[MG 151 (15 mm)|15 mm MG 151]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Cupola turret || 500 (500) || 700 || -3°/+20° || -35°/+160°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
<br />
The AMX-50 Foch does well in concealment, and so the first thing to do upon spawning onto the battlefield is to find a place where the {{PAGENAME}} can hide while having a good arc of fire against incoming enemies. Do this to minimise the weak points of the vehicle, such as the weak side armour and the long reload time. If the enemy sees only the front armour, it should be fine given the thick, sloped armour available, but do take note on the type of enemy encountered.<br />
<br />
If a Leopard I tank or anything else with HEAT shells notice the {{PAGENAME}}'s position, immediately move as these vehicles can very easily penetrate the {{PAGENAME}}'s frontal armour. However, encountering tanks with only standard AP shells like a Tiger II should suffice as they would have a harder time penetrating through the front of the {{PAGENAME}}.<br />
<br />
Being patient is key to the success of the {{PAGENAME}}. Going out and hunting enemies, especially in close-range fights, is not beneficial to a long-term survival strategy in the {{PAGENAME}}, especially with the weak side armour.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Very powerful 120 mm gun; can even penetrate the Maus in some areas<br />
* Reasonably fast<br />
* Has a 15 mm MG 151 on the top in its own turret<br />
* Great armour on the front slope plate (upper glacis)<br />
* Immense spalling from the APBC shells; head-on one-shots are very likely<br />
* Good mobility<br />
* Rangefinder logs range very quickly<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* No turret; vulnerable to getting flanked<br />
* Longer reload than the AMX-50 Surbaisse<br />
* Limited ammo choices<br />
* The Main gun has a very narrow firing arc<br />
* AP shells will have a hard time destroying some opponents from the side<br />
* Very thin side armour<br />
* Rangefinder and gun mantlet are weak spots - allowing APHE to destroy the Foch you with a well-placed shot<br />
* MG 151 jams quickly, turns slowly and has a very limited firing arc and elevation<br />
* Very low levels of zoom<br />
* Takes time to aim, especially when stock<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
<br />
During the early 1950s, DEFA worked to produce the third version of the AMX-50 heavy tank which featured a 120 mm self-propelled gun, however, during upgrades weight became a factor severely hampering the speed of the vehicle. 1955 saw a team of seventy German engineers brought in to help solve the problem maintaining the 120 mm cannon plus have the necessary armour and maintain a 65 kph speed. Due to the delays and problems encountered during construction, only five prototypes were constructed and only one was finished which became known as the Canon Automoteur AMX-50 Foch, named after the supreme allied commander during World War I, Marshal Ferdinand Foch, general and military theorist. The main purpose of the AMX-50 "120 mm" was to provide long-range support for the medium AMX-50 "100 mm" tanks. An ambitious task of designing a version with a 155 mm cannon was started, however, this never made it past the drawing stage.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=france&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=tank_destroyer&vehicle=fr_amx_50_foch Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|b6qqrQqgUZw|'''The Shooting Range #99''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:38 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|B2woWvJK4ew|'''Top 7 most armoured vehicles''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 3:12 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|xF4-TcnyWw0|'''Best tank destroyers''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 6:08 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/news/5292-vehicle-amx-50-foch-racing-tortoise-en|[Vehicle] AMX-50 Foch: Racing Tortoise]]<br />
* [[Wikipedia:AMX-50#AMX_50_%22120_mm%22|[Wikipedia] AMX 50 "120 mm"]]<br />
<br />
{{France tank destroyers}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=ISU-122&diff=98465ISU-1222021-03-19T04:45:49Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
|about=Soviet tank destroyer '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
|usage=the version equipped with a D-25S cannon<br />
|link=ISU-122S<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=ussr_isu_122<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during the Closed Beta Test for Ground Forces before Update 1.41.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, superstructure/casemate, roof)<br />
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 60 mm (75°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 90 mm (31°) ''Lower glacis'' || 90 mm || 60 mm (50°) ''Top'' <br> 60 mm (39°) ''Bottom'' || 30 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Superstructure || 90 mm (30°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 65 mm (7-69°) ''Gun mantlet case'' <br> 100 mm ''Gun mantlet'' (0-45°) || 75 mm (14-15°) || 60 mm || 30 mm<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick while tracks are 30 mm thick.<br />
* Being rather vertical, the casemate walls provide little chance for ricochet in a close range engagement.<br />
* The gun is installed at mid-height in the casemate, meaning you will have to expose 2/3 of your superstructure to get your gun on a target.<br />
* Maximize the distance between you and your opponents by profiting of the good performance of the gun to increase your survivability.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=739|rbMinHp=460}}<br />
Based off the IS-2, the {{PAGENAME}} has its robust chassis, wide tracks and powerful engine. It benefits thus from the same good mobility all while being a heavy vehicle. The acceleration is good and reaching the maximum speed takes only a dozen seconds.<br />
<br />
The very high reverse speed is a positive aspect, that will help you get out of enemy sight quickly once you've fired or once spotted. The wide tracks give it a good handling and performance on soft terrain.<br />
<br />
A negative aspect of the {{PAGENAME}} is that it is sluggish in stock condition, especially when turning on the spot. And because of its weight, it is slow when going uphill.<br />
<br />
If you have to turn quickly on the spot, privilege using your reverse gear because it has more torque.<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|A-19 (122 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[A-19 (122 mm)|122 mm A-19]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 30 || rowspan="2" | -3°/+22° || rowspan="2" | -3°/+7° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 6.16 || 8.53 ||10.40||11.50|| 12.19 || rowspan="2" | 26.00 || rowspan="2" |23.00|| rowspan="2" |21.20|| rowspan="2" | 20.00<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 4.17 || 4.90 ||6.00||6.60|| 7.00<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
The ISU-122, like the ISU-152, is a vehicle created by adapting an artillery field gun design on an armoured vehicle. The A-19 gun has the same good ballistic characteristics as the 122 mm on the IS-2 (flat trajectory, high muzzle velocity, accuracy at long range) and the same available ammunition choice.<br />
<br />
The gun stays reliably accurate until 1,300 m distance. Beyond 1,000 m your optics will limit your accuracy as your magnification is poor (unless you fire at huge targets like Ferdinand, Jadgtiger, Tiger II, etc.). The high muzzle velocity of your shells grants you pretty flat firing trajectories and thus helps fire at moving targets from a distance. In that regard, using the "sight distance control" feature can increase your chances of successfully hitting enemy tanks.<br />
<br />
The gun has a limited traverse on the horizontal axis. That displacement is asymmetrical due to the commander's position limiting rotation towards the left side. This can make the tracking of a target difficult as the gun quickly reaches a stop. You should take that constraint into account when positioning your hull at a firing spot.<br />
<br />
Additionally, the rotation speed is very slow compared to other tanks at the same rank or battle rating who can aim their gun in average 2 to 3 times faster than you do. Which means your targeting process will be longer than for other tanks if you aim to be accurate. Any enemy appearing outside of the area your gun covers will require hull movement and will make you restart your targeting process from 0.<br />
<br />
Being originally an artillery field gun, the gun uses two-piece ammunition with projectiles and propellant bags. The breech mechanism was not designed to be operated by a limited crew inside a casemate, which explains the very long reload time (between 19 and 26 seconds, which is on average 3 times longer than other vehicles' at the same BR).<br />
<br />
Your recoil is important but not powerful enough to throw your gun off target after firing: the damping cylinders on the gun are too weak to absorb most of the recoil power and the suspension will absorb much of it. Your reload time being very long, the recoil is not as much of a handicap as it could be.<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
The available choice of ammunition focuses on heavily armoured targets:<br />
<br />
* '''BR-471''': APHE; an armour-piercing shell with high explosive mass and high muzzle velocity that will one-shot any tank that it penetrates.<br />
* '''BR-471B''': APHEBC; the same as the BR-471 but with increased penetration thanks to the ballistic cap. This shell can reliably penetrate the frontal glacis of a Panther from over 700m.<br />
* '''OF-471''': HE; for destroying open and lightly armoured vehicles. While it is a standard shell for a Soviet vehicle, prioritize using your heavy machine gun to deal with lightly armoured targets because of the long reload time of the {{PAGENAME}}.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| BR-471 || APHE || 205 || 201 || 183 || 162 || 144 || 128<br />
|-<br />
| BR-471B || APHEBC || 205 || 203 || 191 || 178 || 166 || 155<br />
|-<br />
| OF-471 || HE || 37 || 37 || 37 || 37 || 37 || 37<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| BR-471 || APHE || 795 || 25.00 || 1.2 || 19.0 || 246.4 || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| BR-471B || APHEBC || 795 || 25.00 || 1.2 || 19.0 || 246.4 || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| OF-471 || HE || 800 || 25.00 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 3,600 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<!-- '''Last updated:''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! Ammo<br>type<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''30''' || ''Projectiles'' <br> ''Propellants'' || 25&nbsp;''(+5)''<br> 25&nbsp;''(+5)'' || 19&nbsp;''(+11)'' <br> 19&nbsp;''(+11)'' || 13&nbsp;''(+17)''<br> 17&nbsp;''(+13)'' || 7&nbsp;''(+23)''<br> 9&nbsp;''(+21)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+29)''<br> 1&nbsp;''(+29)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes''':<br />
<br />
* The {{PAGENAME}} uses two-piece ammunition, composed of propellant bags (orange) and projectiles (yellow). Both have separate racks.<br />
* To go into battle with the right flank depleted of propellant bags (racks 1 to 3), pack 17&nbsp;''(+13)'' shells.<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|DShK (12.7 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The 12.7 mm DShK heavy machine gun is located on a pintle mount and can act as both an offensive and anti-aircraft machine gun on the {{PAGENAME}}, giving it protection against aircraft and lightly armoured vehicles. Best use is within 500 m against lightly armoured vehicles. The 360° movement allows you to point quickly your MG in any given direction. However, the position of the MG high on the casemate and the poor depression angle make it difficult to shoot a low-profile tank when it is close.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[DShK (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm DShK]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Pintle || 250 (50) || 600 || -5°/+85° || ±180°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
<br />
;Offensive role<br />
<br />
The {{PAGENAME}} should be played as a long range sniper, taking advantage of the APHEBC shell's high penetration values, high gun accuracy and good reverse speed. Find a shooting spot and engage targets from at least 1,000 m away to prevent enemy progress towards the objectives. You will also suppress enemy fire to prevent your team from being pinned down by enemy snipers attempting the same in return. Because of your high profile (casemate) and weak frontal armour, always stay away from the frontline to avoid being flanked or swarmed. While your gun is very powerful, your in-game performance will highly be dependent on the map you're playing. Open maps like Fire Arc, Kursk or Maginot Line will allow to play at the full extent or your capability whereas urban environments like Advance to the Rhine will be detrimental to your playstle. In case you are playing a mixed map, privilege open spaces.<br />
<br />
;Defensive role<br />
<br />
In case of an enemy breakthrough, your role is to contain the enemy advance by pinning them down. The enemy will be moving the front line, so engagements will take place at a closer range than you're comfortable with. You should identify and target in priority choke points, narrow passages and corridors of the map that the enemy will be forced to take. Your limited gun traverse only allows you to monitor an area spanning 175 m at 1,000 m distance without having to reposition your hull. Position the left side of your casemate behind an obstacle to let only your gun exposed.<br />
<br />
;Other roles<br />
<br />
If you try to use the {{PAGENAME}} in a different role on the battlefield, you will be confronted with the following:<br />
<br />
* If you try to play as a front-line tank, you will be quickly disabled by any type of fire coming from enemy tanks. Your frontal armour is pretty thin for a tank at close range and a successful penetrating shot from the front will greatly handicap your crew sitting in line. Your gun traverse is very limited and your turning speed is also too poor to manoeuvre quickly enough in close combat.<br />
<br />
* If you attempt to play support tank, your high profile will make it difficult to stay hidden behind obstacles without taking fire. Your good reverse speed can be an advantage but the enemy will flush you out with artillery strike (which can be accurate enough from middle ranges to disable you). Even with an escape route planned and cover to hide behind, your chances of survival are meagre. You will also be at risk of being flanked by light tanks or armoured cars, especially if they swarm you. Anyone who manages to get behind you has a very high chance to destroy you. In that role, an undetected flanking enemy, artillery strikes or CAS will be great threats to the {{PAGENAME}}.<br />
<br />
;Notable enemies:<br />
<br />
* Any tank will disable you with little effort in a close range encounter because of your weak and vertical casemate armour.<br />
* For long range engagements, the cannons able to penetrate an {{PAGENAME}} from 1,000 m are:<br />
** USA: M4 tanks equipped with a long 76 mm gun, M36 GMC<br />
** Germany: any vehicle equipped with a 75, 88 or 128 mm gun like Panthers. Tigers I, Sturer Emil, etc.<br />
** USSR: any vehicle equipped with a 85, 122 or 152 mm gun like the IS-2, T-34-85, ISU-152, etc.<br />
** Great Britain: any vehicle equipped with APDS like the Comet, Challenger, Centurion & Charioteer<br />
** Japan: Chi-Ri II & US tank imports<br />
** China: vehicles similar to US and USSR ones<br />
** France: ARL-44<br />
** Sweden: Ikv 103 & Strv 74<br />
<br />
[[File:Wsp volumetric shell diagram.png|thumb|Differences between non-volumetric shells and volumetric shells hitting a Tiger I]]<br />
An important note when engaging tanks, especially Tiger I's, is that, with the implementation of volumetric shells, you can no longer expect your shells to pierce through small openings or right past an obstacle. The large 122 mm calibre of your shells will result in it catching on an armour plate's edge very often, losing all of its penetration. For example, a Tiger I has some edges that can absorb your shell unexpectedly, despite having flat armour. Thus you must always make sure that where you are aiming at is absolutely free of obstruction, or it may result in a non-penetration or a ricochet. This can be seen in the diagram to the right.<br />
<br />
;Defeating an {{PAGENAME}}<br />
<br />
* Wait for {{PAGENAME}} to shoot before engaging it: its long reloading time is a big weakness as it is defenseless for at least 15 seconds like an IS-2. It can however retreat quickly thanks to its good reverse speed. Be careful not to get baited into open field trying to follow your prey.<br />
* The {{PAGENAME}} has a rather thin armour when compared to tanks at the same BR: iIf you have a very high penetrating power, aim for the casemate. <br />
* In a frontal encounter, the right side of the frontal armour plate is the biggest weak spot. A successful penetration will most likely knock out 3 out of 4 crew members because they sit in line along that axis.<br />
* In a flanking manoeuvre, the center of the casemate is the place to shoot to knock most crew members out.<br />
* From behind, the left side of the casemate is the best spot to disable the {{PAGENAME}}.<br />
* If you are alone, flanking a {{PAGENAME}} undetected remains your best chance to destroy it. But it is difficult because the {{PAGENAME}} ideally positions itself very far from the frontline.<br />
* Force it out of position with indirect fire (artillery strikes) if you're at relative close range.<br />
* In case of a frontal attack (choke point/corridor), try blinding the {{PAGENAME}} with smoke and then swarm it with several tanks to saturate its defensive capacities.<br />
* Engage the {{PAGENAME}} while it is moving: it takes a long time to brake, turn, bring the gun to a stable position and target precisely. With a reload time over 15 seconds, no player will take a shot that has little chance to hit.<br />
* Do not take pot shots or shoot on the move, aim precisely at the weak spots (casemate walls). Your chance of ricochet is increased at long range as your penetration power decreases and the {{PAGENAME}} can angle its hull in a defensive manoeuvre.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Powerful cannon, can penetrate the majority of enemies it faces<br />
* Great post-penetration damage<br />
* No armour weak spots<br />
* Good acceleration in reverse allows you to hide quickly<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Very long reload time<br />
* Armour cannot stop most common cannons and penetrations are often lethal<br />
* Like most Tank Destroyers, it lacks a turret and so its firing angles are restricted<br />
* The gun's horizontal traverse angle is very limited<br />
* Breech gets damaged often<br />
* Slow traverse means flanking attacks are lethal<br />
* Due to its big shell, one should aim for weakspots which could be a problem in long range and heavily armored tanks<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
===Development===<br />
When the [[ISU-152]] began production in 1943 with the large 152 mm ML-20S gun, production of the chassis and hull soon exceeded the supply of the ML-20S gun, which caused a decrease in the production of self-propelled guns for the Soviet military. It was determined to speed up self-propelled gun production, the ISU chassis were to be mounted with the 122 mm A-19S gun. Work on this mounting already began before the supply issue in December 1943 at the Chelyabinsk Kirov Plant (ChKZ), which had a design team simply take the ISU-152 chassis and hull and only changing out the armament with the 122 mm gun, but this prototype - ''Object 242'' - was not immediately put into production despite successful testings. When the supply issue arose, the prototype was then adopted by the Soviet Defense Committee for increased production and also that the 122 mm gun had better accuracy against tanks than the 152 mm gun. The ISU armed with the 122 mm gun, designated the '''ISU-122''', began production in April 1944.<br />
<br />
===Upgrade===<br />
The original '''[[ISU-122]]''' is equipped with the 122 mm A-19S gun, which had a firing rate of 1.5 to 2.5 shots per minute due to its manual-piston breech. An attempt to fix this was a modernized A-19 gun called the D-25. The D-25 didn't see instalment onto the ISU-122 for a while due to prioritization on the IS-2 tanks, but it was available for use on self-propelled mounts after September 1944 as the D-25S. The ISU-122 prototype mounting the D-25 gun was called ''Object 249'' which was successfully tested and an improvement over the A-19 gun with an increased firing rate of 2 to 3 shots per minute with one loader and up to 4 shots per minute with an additional loader in the crew. The D-25 also exploited the use of a muzzle brake in order to reduce the recoil forces on the gun, so the recoil buffer on the D-25 was much smaller than the A-19, which helped reduce the size of the gun and improved crew workspace in the self-propelled gun. ''Object 249'' was then adopted as the '''[[ISU-122S]]''', which entered production side by side with the ISU-122 u and both were produced up until the end of 1945. ChKZ produced both vehicles during the war and manufactured 1,735 ISU-122s (April 1944 - December 1945) and 675 ISU-122Ss (September 1944 - December 1945).<br />
<br />
===Combat usage===<br />
The ISU-122 were organized in units in a similar fashion as the [[ISU-152]]. The focus was made to not mix the two vehicles in the same regiments or brigades due to logistical reasons with ammunition and ballistic differences in indirect fire, but some units were equipped with both vehicles anyways. Like the ISU-152, the ISU-122 proved to be a very powerful multi-purpose vehicle as an assault gun, self-propelled artillery, and tank destroyer. The 122 mm gun on the ISU-122 allowed it to engage armour and fortifications with heavy armour-piercing round and a large high-explosive round. The primary role of the ISU-122 was as a tank destroyer due to the gun's superior ballistics compared to the ISU-152's, which large calibre size more suited its role as an assault gun. The ISU-122 did participate as an assault gun role in urban combat to support the infantry, but the lack of rotating turret and long barrel length restricted its manoeuvring and ability to engage all enemies in a large angle. Nevertheless, commanders found the ISU-122 as a very good assault gun. Usage of the ISU-122 in an indirect firing role as a howitzer is rare, but when used could fire up to 14 kilometres away. Usage as an artillery piece is more likely during a rapid offensive where towed artillery behind the lines is unable to keep up with the advancing infantry lines.<br />
<br />
=== In-game description ===<br />
The ISU-122 SPG was created in 1943 based on the IS-1 with the 122 mm A-19 Mod. 1937 field cannon's tipping unit installed in its cabin. The cannon was mounted with an offset to the right from the hull's central axis. The driver's compartment was placed to the left of it. The weapon had a relatively low rate of fire, amounting to around 2.2 shots per minute. The barrel's length came to 46.3 calibres. Its armour-piercing round weighed 25 kg and had an 800 m/s muzzle velocity. Its ammunition load consisted of separately loaded shots. Its direct firing range came to 5,000 m, and its maximum range was 14,300 m.<br />
<br />
The fighting compartment was also equipped with two 7.62 mm PPSh and PPS submachine guns with 1,491 rounds and 25 F-1 hand grenades. Starting from October 1944, a 12.7 mm DShK anti-aircraft machine gun was mounted on a bracket next to the commander's hatch. The machine gun had a 250 round ammunition complement. The crew consisted of four to five men. The crew housing in this vehicle was the same as in the ISU-152. Its armour protection was also the same as on the ISU-152. The cannon's gun mantlet had 100 mm thick armour.<br />
<br />
The vehicle was mass-produced from April 1944 to September 1945 at the ChKZ factory in Chelyabinsk. In total, 1,735 of them were made.<br />
<br />
The new SPGs were widely used in battles as tank destroyers and assault weapons in the final stage of the Great Patriotic War.<br />
<br />
The long barrel length of the A-19 cannon installed in the fore of the armoured cabin limited the vehicle's manoeuvrability.<br />
<br />
A small number of ISU-122s were modernised in 1958. Only their sights and radio sets underwent modernisation. At the beginning of the 1960s, the SPGs were removed from service in the Soviet Army.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=ussr&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=tank_destroyer&vehicle=ussr_isu_122 Skin and Camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} on live.warthunder.com].<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|3nhMiYrqdu0|'''ISU-122 Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis<br />
<br />
* [[ISU-122 (China)]]<br />
* [[ISU-122S]]<br />
* [[IS-2 (Family)]]<br />
<br />
;Similar Soviet vehicles<br />
<br />
* [[SU-57B]]<br />
* [[SU-85]]<br />
* [[SU-152]]<br />
* [[ISU-152]] & [[ISU-152 (China)]]<br />
* [[SU-85M]]<br />
* [[SU-100]] & [[SU-100 (China)]]<br />
* [[SU-122-54]]<br />
<br />
;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role<br />
<br />
* [[Panzer IV/70(A)]]<br />
* [[Panzer IV/70(V)]]<br />
* [[Jagdpanther]]<br />
* [[Ho-Ri Prototype]]<br />
* [[CA Lorraine]]<br />
* [[Ikv 103]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!--''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.''--><br />
<br />
* [[Wikipedia:ISU-122|[Wikipedia] ISU-122]]<br />
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/soviet/ISU-122.php Tanks Encyclopedia - ISU-122 & 122S]<br />
* [[Wikipedia:122 mm gun M1931/37 (A-19)|[Wikipedia] 122 mm gun M1931/37 (A-19)]]<br />
<br />
{{USSR tank destroyers}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=ISU-122&diff=97512ISU-1222021-03-13T19:49:18Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
|about=Soviet tank destroyer '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
|usage=the version equipped with a D-25S cannon<br />
|link=ISU-122S<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=ussr_isu_122<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during the Closed Beta Test for Ground Forces before Update 1.41.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, superstructure/casemate, roof)<br />
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 60 mm (75°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 90 mm (31°) ''Lower glacis'' || 90 mm || 60 mm (50°) ''Top'' <br> 60 mm (39°) ''Bottom'' || 30 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Superstructure || 90 mm (30°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 65 mm (7-69°) ''Gun mantlet case'' <br> 100 mm ''Gun mantlet'' (0-45°) || 75 mm (14-15°) || 60 mm || 30 mm<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick while tracks are 30 mm thick.<br />
* Being rather vertical, the casemate walls provide little chance for ricochet in a close range engagement.<br />
* The gun is installed at mid-height in the casemate, meaning you will have to expose 2/3 of your superstructure to get your gun on a target.<br />
* Maximize the distance between you and your opponents by profiting of the good performance of the gun to increase your survivability.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=739|rbMinHp=460}}<br />
Based off the IS-2, the {{PAGENAME}} has its robust chassis, wide tracks and powerful engine. It benefits thus from the same good mobility all while being a heavy vehicle. The acceleration is good and reaching the maximum speed takes only a dozen seconds.<br />
<br />
The very high reverse speed is a positive aspect, that will help you get out of enemy sight quickly once you've fired or once spotted. The wide tracks give it a good handling and performance on soft terrain.<br />
<br />
A negative aspect of the {{PAGENAME}} is that it is sluggish in stock condition, especially when turning on the spot. And because of its weight, it is slow when going uphill.<br />
<br />
If you have to turn quickly on the spot, privilege using your reverse gear because it has more torque.<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|A-19 (122 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[A-19 (122 mm)|122 mm A-19]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 30 || rowspan="2" | -3°/+22° || rowspan="2" | -3°/+7° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 6.16 || 8.53 ||10.40||11.50|| 12.19 || rowspan="2" | 26.00 || rowspan="2" |23.00|| rowspan="2" |21.20|| rowspan="2" | 20.00<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 4.17 || 4.90 ||6.00||6.60|| 7.00<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
The ISU-122, like the ISU-152, is a vehicle created by adapting an artillery field gun design on an armoured vehicle. The A-19 gun has the same good ballistic characteristics as the 122 mm on the IS-2 (flat trajectory, high muzzle velocity, accuracy at long range) and the same available ammunition choice.<br />
<br />
The gun stays reliably accurate until 1,300 m distance. Beyond 1,000 m your optics will limit your accuracy as your magnification is poor (unless you fire at huge targets like Ferdinand, Jadgtiger, Tiger II, etc.). The high muzzle velocity of your shells grants you pretty flat firing trajectories and thus helps fire at moving targets from a distance. In that regard, using the "sight distance control" feature can increase your chances of successfully hitting enemy tanks.<br />
<br />
The gun has a limited traverse on the horizontal axis. That displacement is asymmetrical due to the commander's position limiting rotation towards the left side. This can make the tracking of a target difficult as the gun quickly reaches a stop. You should take that constraint into account when positioning your hull at a firing spot.<br />
<br />
Additionally, the rotation speed is very slow compared to other tanks at the same rank or battle rating who can aim their gun in average 2 to 3 times faster than you do. Which means your targeting process will be longer than for other tanks if you aim to be accurate. Any enemy appearing outside of the area your gun covers will require hull movement and will make you restart your targeting process from 0.<br />
<br />
Being originally an artillery field gun, the gun uses two-piece ammunition with projectiles and propellant bags. The breech mechanism was not designed to be operated by a limited crew inside a casemate, which explains the very long reload time (between 19 and 26 seconds, which is on average 3 times longer than other vehicles' at the same BR).<br />
<br />
Your recoil is important but not powerful enough to throw your gun off target after firing: the damping cylinders on the gun are too weak to absorb most of the recoil power and the suspension will absorb much of it. Your reload time being very long, the recoil is not as much of a handicap as it could be.<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
The available choice of ammunition focuses on heavily armoured targets:<br />
<br />
* '''BR-471''': APHE; an armour-piercing shell with high explosive mass and high muzzle velocity that will one-shot any tank that it penetrates.<br />
* '''BR-471B''': APHEBC; the same as the BR-471 but with increased penetration thanks to the ballistic cap. This shell can reliably penetrate the frontal glacis of a Panther from over 700m.<br />
* '''OF-471''': HE; for destroying open and lightly armoured vehicles. While it is a standard shell for a Soviet vehicle, prioritize using your heavy machine gun to deal with lightly armoured targets because of the long reload time of the {{PAGENAME}}.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| BR-471 || APHE || 205 || 201 || 183 || 162 || 144 || 128<br />
|-<br />
| BR-471B || APHEBC || 205 || 203 || 191 || 178 || 166 || 155<br />
|-<br />
| OF-471 || HE || 37 || 37 || 37 || 37 || 37 || 37<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| BR-471 || APHE || 795 || 25.00 || 1.2 || 19.0 || 246.4 || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| BR-471B || APHEBC || 795 || 25.00 || 1.2 || 19.0 || 246.4 || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| OF-471 || HE || 800 || 25.00 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 3,600 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<!-- '''Last updated:''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! Ammo<br>type<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''30''' || ''Projectiles'' <br> ''Propellants'' || 25&nbsp;''(+5)''<br> 25&nbsp;''(+5)'' || 19&nbsp;''(+11)'' <br> 19&nbsp;''(+11)'' || 13&nbsp;''(+17)''<br> 17&nbsp;''(+13)'' || 7&nbsp;''(+23)''<br> 9&nbsp;''(+21)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+29)''<br> 1&nbsp;''(+29)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes''':<br />
<br />
* The {{PAGENAME}} uses two-piece ammunition, composed of propellant bags (orange) and projectiles (yellow). Both have separate racks.<br />
* To go into battle with the right flank depleted of propellant bags (racks 1 to 3), pack 17&nbsp;''(+13)'' shells.<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|DShK (12.7 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The 12.7 mm DShK heavy machine gun is located on a pintle mount and can act as both an offensive and anti-aircraft machine gun on the {{PAGENAME}}, giving it protection against aircraft and lightly armoured vehicles. Best use is within 500 m against lightly armoured vehicles. The 360° movement allows you to point quickly your MG in any given direction. However, the position of the MG high on the casemate and the poor depression angle make it difficult to shoot a low-profile tank when it is close.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[DShK (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm DShK]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Pintle || 250 (50) || 600 || -5°/+85° || ±180°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
<br />
;Offensive role<br />
<br />
The {{PAGENAME}} should be played as a long range sniper, taking advantage of the APHEBC shell's high penetration values, high gun accuracy and good reverse speed. Find a shooting spot and engage targets from at least 1,000 m away to prevent enemy progress towards the objectives. You will also suppress enemy fire to prevent your team from being pinned down by enemy snipers attempting the same in return. Because of your high profile (casemate) and weak frontal armour, always stay away from the frontline to avoid being flanked or swarmed. While your gun is very powerful, your in-game performance will highly be dependent on the map you're playing. Open maps like Fire Arc, Kursk or Maginot Line will allow to play at the full extent or your capability whereas urban environments like Advance to the Rhine will be detrimental to your playstle. In case you are playing a mixed map, privilege open spaces.<br />
<br />
;Defensive role<br />
<br />
In case of an enemy breakthrough, your role is to contain the enemy advance by pinning them down. The enemy will be moving the front line, so engagements will take place at a closer range than you're comfortable with. You should identify and target in priority choke points, narrow passages and corridors of the map that the enemy will be forced to take. Your limited gun traverse only allows you to monitor an area spanning 175 m at 1,000 m distance without having to reposition your hull. Position the left side of your casemate behind an obstacle to let only your gun exposed.<br />
<br />
;Other roles<br />
<br />
If you try to use the {{PAGENAME}} in a different role on the battlefield, you will be confronted with the following:<br />
<br />
* If you try to play as a front-line tank, you will be quickly disabled by any type of fire coming from enemy tanks. Your frontal armour is pretty thin for a tank at close range and a successful penetrating shot from the front will greatly handicap your crew sitting in line. Your gun traverse is very limited and your turning speed is also too poor to manoeuvre quickly enough in close combat.<br />
<br />
* If you attempt to play support tank, your high profile will make it difficult to stay hidden behind obstacles without taking fire. Your good reverse speed can be an advantage but the enemy will flush you out with artillery strike (which can be accurate enough from middle ranges to disable you). Even with an escape route planned and cover to hide behind, your chances of survival are meagre. You will also be at risk of being flanked by light tanks or armoured cars, especially if they swarm you. Anyone who manages to get behind you has a very high chance to destroy you. In that role, an undetected flanking enemy, artillery strikes or CAS will be great threats to the {{PAGENAME}}.<br />
<br />
;Notable enemies:<br />
<br />
* Any tank will disable you with little effort in a close range encounter because of your weak and vertical casemate armour.<br />
* For long range engagements, the cannons able to penetrate an {{PAGENAME}} from 1,000 m are:<br />
** USA: M4 tanks equipped with a long 76 mm gun, M36 GMC<br />
** Germany: any vehicle equipped with a 75, 88 or 128 mm gun like Panthers. Tigers I, Sturer Emil, etc.<br />
** USSR: any vehicle equipped with a 85, 122 or 152 mm gun like the IS-2, T-34-85, ISU-152, etc.<br />
** Great Britain: any vehicle equipped with APDS like the Comet, Challenger, Centurion & Charioteer<br />
** Japan: Chi-Ri II & US tank imports<br />
** China: vehicles similar to US and USSR ones<br />
** France: ARL-44<br />
** Sweden: Ikv 103 & Strv 74<br />
<br />
[[File:Wsp volumetric shell diagram.png|thumb|Differences between non-volumetric shells and volumetric shells hitting a Tiger I]]<br />
An important note when engaging tanks, especially Tiger I's, is that, with the implementation of volumetric shells, you can no longer expect your shells to pierce through small openings or right past an obstacle. The large 122 mm calibre of your shells will result in it catching on an armour plate's edge very often, losing all of its penetration. For example, a Tiger I has some edges that can absorb your shell unexpectedly, despite having flat armour. Thus you must always make sure that where you are aiming at is absolutely free of obstruction, or it may result in a non-penetration or a ricochet. This can be seen in the diagram to the right.<br />
<br />
;Defeating an {{PAGENAME}}<br />
<br />
* Wait for {{PAGENAME}} to shoot before engaging it: its long reloading time is a big weakness as it is defenseless for at least 15 seconds like an IS-2. It can however retreat quickly thanks to its good reverse speed. Be careful not to get baited into open field trying to follow your prey.<br />
* The {{PAGENAME}} has a rather thin armour when compared to tanks at the same BR: iIf you have a very high penetrating power, aim for the casemate. <br />
* In a frontal encounter, the right side of the frontal armour plate is the biggest weak spot. A successful penetration will most likely knock out 3 out of 4 crew members because they sit in line along that axis.<br />
* In a flanking manoeuvre, the center of the casemate is the place to shoot to knock most crew members out.<br />
* From behind, the left side of the casemate is the best spot to disable the {{PAGENAME}}.<br />
* If you are alone, flanking a {{PAGENAME}} undetected remains your best chance to destroy it. But it is difficult because the {{PAGENAME}} ideally positions itself very far from the frontline.<br />
* Force it out of position with indirect fire (artillery strikes) if you're at relative close range.<br />
* In case of a frontal attack (choke point/corridor), try blinding the {{PAGENAME}} with smoke and then swarm it with several tanks to saturate its defensive capacities.<br />
* Engage the {{PAGENAME}} while it is moving: it takes a long time to brake, turn, bring the gun to a stable position and target precisely. With a reload time over 15 seconds, no player will take a shot that has little chance to hit.<br />
* Do not take pot shots or shoot on the move, aim precisely at the weak spots (casemate walls). Your chance of ricochet is increased at long range as your penetration power decreases and the {{PAGENAME}} can angle its hull in a defensive manoeuvre.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Powerful cannon, can penetrate the majority of enemies it faces<br />
* Great post-penetration damage<br />
* No armour weak spots<br />
* Good acceleration in reverse allows you to hide quickly<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Very long reload time<br />
* Armour cannot stop most common cannons and penetrations are often lethal<br />
* Like most Tank Destroyers, it lacks a turret and so its firing angles are restricted<br />
* Firing angle is worse than its counterparts in its BR range<br />
* Breech gets damaged often<br />
* Slow traverse means flanking attacks are lethal<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
===Development===<br />
When the [[ISU-152]] began production in 1943 with the large 152 mm ML-20S gun, production of the chassis and hull soon exceeded the supply of the ML-20S gun, which caused a decrease in the production of self-propelled guns for the Soviet military. It was determined to speed up self-propelled gun production, the ISU chassis were to be mounted with the 122 mm A-19S gun. Work on this mounting already began before the supply issue in December 1943 at the Chelyabinsk Kirov Plant (ChKZ), which had a design team simply take the ISU-152 chassis and hull and only changing out the armament with the 122 mm gun, but this prototype - ''Object 242'' - was not immediately put into production despite successful testings. When the supply issue arose, the prototype was then adopted by the Soviet Defense Committee for increased production and also that the 122 mm gun had better accuracy against tanks than the 152 mm gun. The ISU armed with the 122 mm gun, designated the '''ISU-122''', began production in April 1944.<br />
<br />
===Upgrade===<br />
The original '''[[ISU-122]]''' is equipped with the 122 mm A-19S gun, which had a firing rate of 1.5 to 2.5 shots per minute due to its manual-piston breech. An attempt to fix this was a modernized A-19 gun called the D-25. The D-25 didn't see instalment onto the ISU-122 for a while due to prioritization on the IS-2 tanks, but it was available for use on self-propelled mounts after September 1944 as the D-25S. The ISU-122 prototype mounting the D-25 gun was called ''Object 249'' which was successfully tested and an improvement over the A-19 gun with an increased firing rate of 2 to 3 shots per minute with one loader and up to 4 shots per minute with an additional loader in the crew. The D-25 also exploited the use of a muzzle brake in order to reduce the recoil forces on the gun, so the recoil buffer on the D-25 was much smaller than the A-19, which helped reduce the size of the gun and improved crew workspace in the self-propelled gun. ''Object 249'' was then adopted as the '''[[ISU-122S]]''', which entered production side by side with the ISU-122 u and both were produced up until the end of 1945. ChKZ produced both vehicles during the war and manufactured 1,735 ISU-122s (April 1944 - December 1945) and 675 ISU-122Ss (September 1944 - December 1945).<br />
<br />
===Combat usage===<br />
The ISU-122 were organized in units in a similar fashion as the [[ISU-152]]. The focus was made to not mix the two vehicles in the same regiments or brigades due to logistical reasons with ammunition and ballistic differences in indirect fire, but some units were equipped with both vehicles anyways. Like the ISU-152, the ISU-122 proved to be a very powerful multi-purpose vehicle as an assault gun, self-propelled artillery, and tank destroyer. The 122 mm gun on the ISU-122 allowed it to engage armour and fortifications with heavy armour-piercing round and a large high-explosive round. The primary role of the ISU-122 was as a tank destroyer due to the gun's superior ballistics compared to the ISU-152's, which large calibre size more suited its role as an assault gun. The ISU-122 did participate as an assault gun role in urban combat to support the infantry, but the lack of rotating turret and long barrel length restricted its manoeuvring and ability to engage all enemies in a large angle. Nevertheless, commanders found the ISU-122 as a very good assault gun. Usage of the ISU-122 in an indirect firing role as a howitzer is rare, but when used could fire up to 14 kilometres away. Usage as an artillery piece is more likely during a rapid offensive where towed artillery behind the lines is unable to keep up with the advancing infantry lines.<br />
<br />
=== In-game description ===<br />
The ISU-122 SPG was created in 1943 based on the IS-1 with the 122 mm A-19 Mod. 1937 field cannon's tipping unit installed in its cabin. The cannon was mounted with an offset to the right from the hull's central axis. The driver's compartment was placed to the left of it. The weapon had a relatively low rate of fire, amounting to around 2.2 shots per minute. The barrel's length came to 46.3 calibres. Its armour-piercing round weighed 25 kg and had an 800 m/s muzzle velocity. Its ammunition load consisted of separately loaded shots. Its direct firing range came to 5,000 m, and its maximum range was 14,300 m.<br />
<br />
The fighting compartment was also equipped with two 7.62 mm PPSh and PPS submachine guns with 1,491 rounds and 25 F-1 hand grenades. Starting from October 1944, a 12.7 mm DShK anti-aircraft machine gun was mounted on a bracket next to the commander's hatch. The machine gun had a 250 round ammunition complement. The crew consisted of four to five men. The crew housing in this vehicle was the same as in the ISU-152. Its armour protection was also the same as on the ISU-152. The cannon's gun mantlet had 100 mm thick armour.<br />
<br />
The vehicle was mass-produced from April 1944 to September 1945 at the ChKZ factory in Chelyabinsk. In total, 1,735 of them were made.<br />
<br />
The new SPGs were widely used in battles as tank destroyers and assault weapons in the final stage of the Great Patriotic War.<br />
<br />
The long barrel length of the A-19 cannon installed in the fore of the armoured cabin limited the vehicle's manoeuvrability.<br />
<br />
A small number of ISU-122s were modernised in 1958. Only their sights and radio sets underwent modernisation. At the beginning of the 1960s, the SPGs were removed from service in the Soviet Army.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=ussr&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=tank_destroyer&vehicle=ussr_isu_122 Skin and Camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} on live.warthunder.com].<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|3nhMiYrqdu0|'''ISU-122 Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis<br />
<br />
* [[ISU-122 (China)]]<br />
* [[ISU-122S]]<br />
* [[IS-2 (Family)]]<br />
<br />
;Similar Soviet vehicles<br />
<br />
* [[SU-57B]]<br />
* [[SU-85]]<br />
* [[SU-152]]<br />
* [[ISU-152]] & [[ISU-152 (China)]]<br />
* [[SU-85M]]<br />
* [[SU-100]] & [[SU-100 (China)]]<br />
* [[SU-122-54]]<br />
<br />
;Other Soviet vehicles equipped with a 122 mm gun<br />
<br />
* [[KV-122]]<br />
* [[SU-122P]]<br />
* [[SU-122-54]]<br />
* [[T-44-122]]<br />
* [[IS-3]]<br />
* [[IS-4M]]<br />
* [[IS-6]]<br />
<br />
;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role<br />
<br />
* [[Panzer IV/70(A)]]<br />
* [[Panzer IV/70(V)]]<br />
* [[Jagdpanther]]<br />
* [[Ho-Ri Prototype]]<br />
* [[CA Lorraine]]<br />
* [[Ikv 103]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!--''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''<br />
* ''other literature.''--><br />
<br />
* [[Wikipedia:ISU-122|[Wikipedia] ISU-122]]<br />
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/soviet/ISU-122.php Tanks Encyclopedia - ISU-122 & 122S]<br />
* [[Wikipedia:122 mm gun M1931/37 (A-19)|[Wikipedia] 122 mm gun M1931/37 (A-19)]]<br />
<br />
{{USSR tank destroyers}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Chi-To&diff=96197Chi-To2021-03-07T17:17:09Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = Japanese medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| usage = late version<br />
| link = Chi-To Late<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=jp_type_4_chi_to<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced along with the initial Japanese Ground Forces tree in [[Update 1.65 "Way of the Samurai"]].<br />
<br />
The Type 4 Chi-To looks similar to the [[Chi-Nu|Type 3 Chi-Nu]], though with a longer chassis with an extra wheel. Turret is also similar in look, though the turret side is more smooth and has a machine gun sticking out the right side. The big differences on the turret is the gun barrel. The gun barrel has no muzzle brake in its design and the recoil tube has been moved from a single tube on the bottom to two tubes on top.<br />
<br />
Playing the Type 4 Chi-To can give the player a new impression of the Japanese tree line and a lasting one considering many of the Japanese tanks after it follow the same pattern. A tank with a very powerful cannon, decent mobility, but rather terrible armour. The terrible armour plus the tank's rather long reload means that the Chi-To is meant more for a long-distance shoot out than a close encounter.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour<br />
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Machine gun port)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 75 mm (17°) ''Front plate'' <br> 20 mm (76°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 75 mm (16°), 20 mm (58°) ''Lower glacis'' <br> 50 mm (12°) ''Front cheeks'' <br> 50 mm (0-66°) ''Machine gun port'' || 35 mm (12-30°) ''Top'' <br> 35 mm ''Bottom'' || 20 mm (73°) ''Top'' <br> 35 mm ''Center'' <br> 20 mm (48°) ''Bottom'' || 20 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 75 mm (16°) ''Turret front'' <br> 50-75 mm (10°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 50 mm (15-16°) <br> 50 mm (0-65°) ''Right machine gun port'' || 50 mm (15-50°) ''Turret rear'' <br> 10 mm ''Turret rear underside'' || 20 mm<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Cupola || 75 mm || 20 mm<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick while tracks are 20 mm thick.<br />
* 10 mm RHA plates are scattered on the lower side hull.<br />
* Turret ring is 20 mm thick.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=620|rbMinHp=354}}<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|Type II Model II (75 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[Type II Model II (75 mm)|75 mm Type II Model II]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 55 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 12.09 || 16.73 || 20.32 || 22.47 || 23.91 || rowspan="2" | 10.01 || rowspan="2" | 8.85 || rowspan="2" | 8.16 || rowspan="2" | 7.70<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 7.56 || 8.89 || 10.79 || 11.94 || 12.70<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Type 1 APHE || APHE || 149 || 146 || 133 || 118 || 105 || 93<br />
|-<br />
| Type 4 Kou || APHE || 151 || 148 || 137 || 124 || 112 || 101<br />
|-<br />
| Type 90 HE || HE || 8 || 8 || 8 || 8 || 8 || 8<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Type 1 APHE || APHE || 865 || 6.56 || 1.3 || 15 || 84.8 || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| Type 4 Kou || APHE || 865 || 6.75 || 1.2 || 14 || 80.64 || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| Type 90 HE || HE || 830 || 6.17 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 490 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x300px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<!-- '''Last updated: 1.101.0.53''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''55''' || 40&nbsp;''(+15)'' || 34&nbsp;''(+21)'' || 28&nbsp;''(+27)'' || 22&nbsp;''(+33)'' || 10&nbsp;''(+45)'' || 0&nbsp;''(+55)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Turret and hull sides empty: 22&nbsp;''(+33)''<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|Type 97 (7.7 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[Type 97 (7.7 mm)|7.7 mm Type 97]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Pintle || 1,000 (20) || 499 || -10°/+70° || ±60°<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 3,000 (20) || 499 || ±8° || ±8°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
As previously stated, the Chi-To best performs in the role of sniper, engaging hulldown at medium to long range against opposing medium tanks. The good gun depression, average mobility, and good reverse speed allow you to make it to good positions at an average pace and allow you to reverse back into cover when reloading.<br />
<br />
Against most heavies such as the [[IS-1]]/[[IS-2|2]], [[Tiger H1|Tiger]], or [[Panther D|Panther]], it is only worthwhile to engage if you are already entrenched in a solid defensive position. Your gun's lack of APCBC gives you poor performance against slopes and rounded armour on the IS, Panther, and angled Tigers, making any ranged engagement near useless. Against tanks such as the [[M4A3E2|Jumbo 75]] or [[M4A3E2 (76) W|76]], it is best to disengage and flank them or have teammates flank them. Against all other medium tanks, shots to the hull will suffice at most range.<br />
<br />
The M4A3E2 Jumbo could be a menace if not handled properly as they are nigh impenetrable from the front due to its thick armour. Either try for a very precise shot through the MG port in the front or shoot the armour behind the tracks if they are angled. The best way to deal with a Sherman Jumbo is to shoot it through the side or between the side plate and the tracks. There is a small gap between the top of the tracks and the bottom of the side plate that can be easily penetrated by the Chi-To Late, and a successful penetration here usually results in a one-shot, or a destroyed/alight engine. This weak spot is relatively easy to exploit as most Jumbo drivers make the mistake of angling their armour, which gives you full view of this weak spot. If you are struggling to hit it, then a shot through the drive wheel at an angle of 45º or more usually works quite well also. You should feel no pressure to get this right the first time, as a well-angled Chi-To Late can reliably bounce the Jumbo's shells, unless the Jumbo in question happens to be sporting the 76mm M1A1 cannon.<br />
<br />
The IS series of tanks can also be a bit of a bother to deal with. At this battle rating, you may find the IS-1, IS-2 or IS-2 mod. 1944 (rare). However, they can be defeated by exploiting the shot trap on the turret front (requires some luck), shooting the driver's hatch on the front or the gun mantlet (requires extreme precision ''and'' luck), shooting the lower frontal plate (the most reliable way to kill an IS) or shooting the frontal armour plate from a 90º angle. That being said, your tank can still one-shot the IS series you'll face by shooting directly beneath the turret ring.<br />
<br />
You may encounter the German "Big Cat" tanks (Tiger H1, Tiger E, Panther D, Panther A) if you get seriously up tiered. In this case the best thing you can do is hit them from the side, which usually results in a one-shot. If facing a Tiger (or any German Big Cat for that matter) from the front, you should retreat. However, if his frontal plate is not angled, then it might be worth a shot to shoot between the machine gun port and driver's hatch, which will result in a one-shot. As for the panther, try to exploit the shot trap on the turret, but only as a last resort. Your first port of call should be to shoot the drive wheel, basically following the same tactics you'd use for dealing with a Sherman Jumbo.<br />
<br />
As for some other enemies:<br />
<br />
[[Churchill VII]]: do not engage from the front '''at all'''. Sneak around to the side and shoot there.<br />
<br />
[[ARL-44]]: shoot the sides. It's not worth facing this tank head on, it's too much of a risk.<br />
<br />
[[ARL-44 (ACL-1)]]: aim for the turret if you face this tank from the front, then finish it from the sides. Be careful not to get shot.<br />
<br />
[[M6A1]]: the frontal armour on this thing can be a bit fiddly. Aim for a spot that doesn't seem to have more than one armour plate layered on it.<br />
<br />
Most tanks you face can penetrate you frontally if they shoot your frontal plate when it is not angled. It is recommended to get the first shot off and then retreat, and make a second surprise attack. Most of the time, a penetration results in a one-shot with this tank. You can penetrate pretty much any medium or light tank frontally by shooting the upper front plate, so use that to your advantage.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Powerful 75 mm cannon rivaling the [[T-34-85|T-34-85's]], good penetration and very low shell drop-off.<br />
* APHE round can easily defeat enemy tanks.<br />
* A very powerful tank at 4.3, can tackle all foes at its BR bracket.<br />
* Decent gun depression of -11°<br />
* Ammo in the turret can be emptied by carrying 15 less ammo.<br />
* Very powerful Type 4 Kou shell with more penetration and more explosive filler.<br />
* Decent top armour, enough to resist strafing aircraft weapons.<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Armour is average and mostly flat and unangled, like the Panzer IV.<br />
* The Chi-To is asymmetric and is a large tank, it is difficult to hide from enemies.<br />
* Reload rate quite slow.<br />
* Angling front armour can expose the 50 mm hull cheek armour.<br />
* Very hard to turn on the spot, especially when stock.<br />
* Shells weak against sloped armor.<br />
* Mediocre acceleration compared to other tanks in its BR.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
===Development===<br />
The lackluster performance of Japanese tanks in World War II called for the development of newer medium tanks in the Imperial Japanese Army. The standard tank of the time was the [[Chi-Ha|Type 97 Chi-Ha]], which has its chassis used in many expedient models to provide a bigger gun for the Japanese inventory such as the [[Chi-Ha Kai|Chi-Ha Kai]], [[Chi-He|Type 1 Chi-He]], [[Ho-I|Type 2 Ho-I]], and [[Chi-Nu|Type 3 Chi-Nu]]. By the time of Chi-Nu, however, the Chi-Ha chassis was becoming outdated and so a new tank design using an improved chassis was needed for future development.<ref name="ZalogaJapaneseTank">Zaloga Steven. ''Japanese Tanks 1939-1945'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2007</ref><br />
<br />
In 1943, development started of the '''Chi-To''' tank, which features a new chassis and more powerful engine. Its armament is a 75 mm gun based off the Type 88 anti-aircraft gun, giving it a high-velocity weapon. Armour on the tank was welded and was quite thick in comparison to its predecessor at 75 mm thick. The tank was accepted for service in 1944 and was expected to enter mass production with 20 per month at Mitsubishi and 5 per month at Kobe-Seiko. In terms of Japanese armour development, the Chi-To was the most sophisticated tank to enter production levels.<ref name="ZalogaJapaneseTank" /><br />
<br />
===War's End===<br />
Despite its potential, the Type 4 Chi-To was never made in large numbers. At the war's end, only six chassis were made, with only two of those made into tanks.<br />
<br />
The two Type 4 produced were cast into Lake Hamana between the 23 and the 28 August 1945 to avoid their capture. One was found by the U.S. occupation forces following Japan's surrender in World War II. The tank was then transported to Aberdeen Proving Grounds for tests and would eventually scrap them in October 1952.<ref name="MaiScrapping">Sun, Eun Ae. ''Chi-Ri & Chi-To: Aberdeen Tank Scrapping.'' YouTube, YouTube, 7 Aug. 2017, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4mkS8EodQbA Video]</ref><br />
<br />
The second tank is still believed to be at the bottom of the lake. A project to find it was launched in 2013 by SM@Pe, a group of people from Hamamatsu. Inhabitants, volunteers, divers and the Windy Network Corp ( a marine studies company from Tôkyô who founded a trainning plane of the Japanese imperial army in the lake Towada in 2010) participated to research, supported by the use of a sonar and testimonials, including former soldiers who allegedly participated in the launching operation. The research did not give anything.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!--''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''--><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=japan&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=jp_type_4_chi_to Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
{{Skin-gallery<br />
|market|ugcitem_1000270|Type 4 Chi-To Operation Ketsugо.png|Camo "Operation Ketsugо"<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
===References===<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
{{Japan medium tanks}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Chi-To&diff=96194Chi-To2021-03-07T16:41:53Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = Japanese medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| usage = late version<br />
| link = Chi-To Late<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=jp_type_4_chi_to<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced along with the initial Japanese Ground Forces tree in [[Update 1.65 "Way of the Samurai"]].<br />
<br />
The Type 4 Chi-To looks similar to the [[Chi-Nu|Type 3 Chi-Nu]], though with a longer chassis with an extra wheel. Turret is also similar in look, though the turret side is more smooth and has a machine gun sticking out the right side. The big differences on the turret is the gun barrel. The gun barrel has no muzzle brake in its design and the recoil tube has been moved from a single tube on the bottom to two tubes on top.<br />
<br />
Playing the Type 4 Chi-To can give the player a new impression of the Japanese tree line and a lasting one considering many of the Japanese tanks after it follow the same pattern. A tank with a very powerful cannon, decent mobility, but rather terrible armour. The terrible armour plus the tank's rather long reload means that the Chi-To is meant more for a long-distance shoot out than a close encounter.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour<br />
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Machine gun port)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 75 mm (17°) ''Front plate'' <br> 20 mm (76°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 75 mm (16°), 20 mm (58°) ''Lower glacis'' <br> 50 mm (12°) ''Front cheeks'' <br> 50 mm (0-66°) ''Machine gun port'' || 35 mm (12-30°) ''Top'' <br> 35 mm ''Bottom'' || 20 mm (73°) ''Top'' <br> 35 mm ''Center'' <br> 20 mm (48°) ''Bottom'' || 20 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 75 mm (16°) ''Turret front'' <br> 50-75 mm (10°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 50 mm (15-16°) <br> 50 mm (0-65°) ''Right machine gun port'' || 50 mm (15-50°) ''Turret rear'' <br> 10 mm ''Turret rear underside'' || 20 mm<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Cupola || 75 mm || 20 mm<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick while tracks are 20 mm thick.<br />
* 10 mm RHA plates are scattered on the lower side hull.<br />
* Turret ring is 20 mm thick.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=620|rbMinHp=354}}<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|Type II Model II (75 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[Type II Model II (75 mm)|75 mm Type II Model II]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 55 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 12.09 || 16.73 || 20.32 || 22.47 || 23.91 || rowspan="2" | 10.01 || rowspan="2" | 8.85 || rowspan="2" | 8.16 || rowspan="2" | 7.70<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 7.56 || 8.89 || 10.79 || 11.94 || 12.70<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Type 1 APHE || APHE || 149 || 146 || 133 || 118 || 105 || 93<br />
|-<br />
| Type 4 Kou || APHE || 151 || 148 || 137 || 124 || 112 || 101<br />
|-<br />
| Type 90 HE || HE || 8 || 8 || 8 || 8 || 8 || 8<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Type 1 APHE || APHE || 865 || 6.56 || 1.3 || 15 || 84.8 || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| Type 4 Kou || APHE || 865 || 6.75 || 1.2 || 14 || 80.64 || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| Type 90 HE || HE || 830 || 6.17 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 490 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x300px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<!-- '''Last updated: 1.101.0.53''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''55''' || 40&nbsp;''(+15)'' || 34&nbsp;''(+21)'' || 28&nbsp;''(+27)'' || 22&nbsp;''(+33)'' || 10&nbsp;''(+45)'' || 0&nbsp;''(+55)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Turret and hull sides empty: 22&nbsp;''(+33)''<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|Type 97 (7.7 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[Type 97 (7.7 mm)|7.7 mm Type 97]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Pintle || 1,000 (20) || 499 || -10°/+70° || ±60°<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 3,000 (20) || 499 || ±8° || ±8°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
As previously stated, the Chi-To best performs in the role of sniper, engaging hulldown at medium to long range against opposing medium tanks. The good gun depression, average mobility, and good reverse speed allow you to make it to good positions at an average pace and allow you to reverse back into cover when reloading.<br />
<br />
Against most heavies such as the [[IS-1]]/[[IS-2|2]], [[Tiger H1|Tiger]], or [[Panther D|Panther]], it is only worthwhile to engage if you are already entrenched in a solid defensive position. Your gun's lack of APCBC gives you poor performance against slopes and rounded armour on the IS, Panther, and angled Tigers, making any ranged engagement near useless. Against tanks such as the [[M4A3E2|Jumbo 75]] or [[M4A3E2 (76) W|76]], it is best to disengage and flank them or have teammates flank them. Against all other medium tanks, shots to the hull will suffice at most range.<br />
<br />
The M4A3E2 Jumbo could be a menace if not handled properly as they are nigh impenetrable from the front due to its thick armour. Either try for a very precise shot through the MG port in the front or shoot the armour behind the tracks if they are angled. The best way to deal with a Sherman Jumbo is to shoot it through the side or between the side plate and the tracks. There is a small gap between the top of the tracks and the bottom of the side plate that can be easily penetrated by the Chi-To Late, and a successful penetration here usually results in a one-shot, or a destroyed/alight engine. This weak spot is relatively easy to exploit as most Jumbo drivers make the mistake of angling their armour, which gives you full view of this weak spot. If you are struggling to hit it, then a shot through the drive wheel at an angle of 45º or more usually works quite well also. You should feel no pressure to get this right the first time, as a well-angled Chi-To Late can reliably bounce the Jumbo's shells, unless the Jumbo in question happens to be sporting the 76mm M1A1 cannon.<br />
<br />
The IS series of tanks can also be a bit of a bother to deal with. At this battle rating, you may find the IS-1, IS-2 or IS-2 mod. 1944 (rare). However, they can be defeated by exploiting the shot trap on the turret front (requires some luck), shooting the driver's hatch on the front or the gun mantlet (requires extreme precision ''and'' luck), shooting the lower frontal plate (the most reliable way to kill an IS) or shooting the frontal armour plate from a 90º angle. That being said, your tank can still one-shot the IS series you'll face by shooting directly beneath the turret ring.<br />
<br />
You may encounter the German "Big Cat" tanks (Tiger H1, Tiger E, Panther D, Panther A) if you get seriously up tiered. In this case the best thing you can do is hit them from the side, which usually results in a one-shot. If facing a Tiger (or any German Big Cat for that matter) from the front, you should retreat. However, if his frontal plate is not angled, then it might be worth a shot to shoot between the machine gun port and driver's hatch, which will result in a one-shot. As for the panther, try to exploit the shot trap on the turret, but only as a last resort. Your first port of call should be to shoot the drive wheel, basically following the same tactics you'd use for dealing with a Sherman Jumbo.<br />
<br />
As for some other enemies:<br />
<br />
[[Churchill VII]]: do not engage from the front '''at all'''. Sneak around to the side and shoot there.<br />
<br />
[[ARL-44]]: shoot the sides. It's not worth facing this tank head on, it's too much of a risk.<br />
<br />
[[ARL-44 (ACL-1)]]: aim for the turret if you face this tank from the front, then finish it from the sides. Be careful not to get shot.<br />
<br />
[[M6A1]]: the frontal armour on this thing can be a bit fiddly. Aim for a spot that doesn't seem to have more than one armour plate layered on it.<br />
<br />
Most tanks you face can penetrate you frontally if they shoot your frontal plate when it is not angled. It is recommended to get the first shot off and then retreat, and make a second surprise attack. Most of the time, a penetration results in a one-shot with this tank. You can penetrate pretty much any medium or light tank frontally by shooting the upper front plate, so use that to your advantage.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Powerful 75 mm cannon rivaling the [[T-34-85|T-34-85's]], good penetration and very low shell drop-off.<br />
* APHE round can easily defeat enemy tanks.<br />
* A very powerful tank at 4.3, can tackle all foes at its BR bracket.<br />
* Decent gun depression of -11°<br />
* Ammo in the turret can be emptied by carrying 15 less ammo.<br />
* Very powerful Type 4 Kou shell with more penetration and more explosive filler.<br />
* Decent top armour, enough to resist strafing aircraft weapons.<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Armour is average and mostly flat and unangled, like the Panzer IV.<br />
* The Chi-To is asymmetric and is a large tank, it is difficult to hide from enemies.<br />
* Reload rate quite slow.<br />
* Angling front armour can expose the 50 mm hull cheek armour.<br />
* Very hard to turn on the spot, especially when stock.<br />
* Shells weak against sloped armor.<br />
* Bad acceleration.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
===Development===<br />
The lackluster performance of Japanese tanks in World War II called for the development of newer medium tanks in the Imperial Japanese Army. The standard tank of the time was the [[Chi-Ha|Type 97 Chi-Ha]], which has its chassis used in many expedient models to provide a bigger gun for the Japanese inventory such as the [[Chi-Ha Kai|Chi-Ha Kai]], [[Chi-He|Type 1 Chi-He]], [[Ho-I|Type 2 Ho-I]], and [[Chi-Nu|Type 3 Chi-Nu]]. By the time of Chi-Nu, however, the Chi-Ha chassis was becoming outdated and so a new tank design using an improved chassis was needed for future development.<ref name="ZalogaJapaneseTank">Zaloga Steven. ''Japanese Tanks 1939-1945'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2007</ref><br />
<br />
In 1943, development started of the '''Chi-To''' tank, which features a new chassis and more powerful engine. Its armament is a 75 mm gun based off the Type 88 anti-aircraft gun, giving it a high-velocity weapon. Armour on the tank was welded and was quite thick in comparison to its predecessor at 75 mm thick. The tank was accepted for service in 1944 and was expected to enter mass production with 20 per month at Mitsubishi and 5 per month at Kobe-Seiko. In terms of Japanese armour development, the Chi-To was the most sophisticated tank to enter production levels.<ref name="ZalogaJapaneseTank" /><br />
<br />
===War's End===<br />
Despite its potential, the Type 4 Chi-To was never made in large numbers. At the war's end, only six chassis were made, with only two of those made into tanks.<br />
<br />
The two Type 4 produced were cast into Lake Hamana between the 23 and the 28 August 1945 to avoid their capture. One was found by the U.S. occupation forces following Japan's surrender in World War II. The tank was then transported to Aberdeen Proving Grounds for tests and would eventually scrap them in October 1952.<ref name="MaiScrapping">Sun, Eun Ae. ''Chi-Ri & Chi-To: Aberdeen Tank Scrapping.'' YouTube, YouTube, 7 Aug. 2017, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4mkS8EodQbA Video]</ref><br />
<br />
The second tank is still believed to be at the bottom of the lake. A project to find it was launched in 2013 by SM@Pe, a group of people from Hamamatsu. Inhabitants, volunteers, divers and the Windy Network Corp ( a marine studies company from Tôkyô who founded a trainning plane of the Japanese imperial army in the lake Towada in 2010) participated to research, supported by the use of a sonar and testimonials, including former soldiers who allegedly participated in the launching operation. The research did not give anything.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!--''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''--><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=japan&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=jp_type_4_chi_to Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
{{Skin-gallery<br />
|market|ugcitem_1000270|Type 4 Chi-To Operation Ketsugо.png|Camo "Operation Ketsugо"<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
===References===<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
{{Japan medium tanks}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Gun_Carrier_(3-in)&diff=93161Gun Carrier (3-in)2021-02-10T02:44:51Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=uk_3_inch_gun_carrier<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced along with the initial British ground tree in [[Update 1.55 "Royal Armour"]]. This abomination of a vehicle is based on a Churchill chassis. It sport a 3-inch gun that they couldn't fit into a normal Churchill turret, but in the world's boxiest crew compartment. In all seriousness, you will likely see the tracks (and suspension) before you see anything else. Once you've recognized that there is no turret, then you know its a 3-inch Gun Carrier.<br />
<br />
The 3-inch Gun Carrier is an interesting tank that can be difficult to play. Combining the aspects of an assault gun and a tank destroyer, it has a strange play style. At longer ranges, getting a penetration with the main gun can be difficult whilst the small arc and low turn rate makes close quarters fighting extremely hazardous. The first thing to take note of is your armour - at 89mm on the front you are one of the toughest vehicles at this rank. However this armour is flat and unsloped. At the sides the armour drops to 76 mm and the rear is only 25 mm thick meaning that, when combined with the positioning of the crew, a penetration from either of these angles is usually deadly.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour<br />
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mount, Cupola)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 38 mm (69°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 76.2 mm (17°) ''Lower glacis''|| 76.2 mm || 25.4 mm ''Top'' <br> 25.4 mm (68°)''Bottom'' || 16 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Superstructure || 89 mm <br> 100 mm (2-46°) ''Gun mount'' || 76.2 mm || 25.4 mm || 16 mm <br> 40 mm ''Cupola''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels and chassis construction are 20 mm thick while tracks are 30 mm thick.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=497|rbMinHp=310}}<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|OQF 3in 20cwt (76 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[OQF 3in 20cwt (76 mm)|76 mm OQF 3in 20cwt]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 65 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±5° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 3.96 || 5.48 || 6.66 || 7.37 || 7.84 || rowspan="2" | 8.19 || rowspan="2" | 7.25 || rowspan="2" | 6.67 || rowspan="2" | 6.30<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 2.68 || 3.15 || 3.82 || 4.23 || 4.50<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.2 || AP || 111 || 109 || 97 || 84 || 73 || 64<br />
|-<br />
| Shell HE || HE || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.2 || AP || 762 || 5.67 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| Shell HE || HE || 609 || 7.26 || 0 || 0.1 || 530 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<!-- '''Last updated:''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''65''' || 53&nbsp;''(+12)'' || 40&nbsp;''(+25)'' || 27&nbsp;''(+38)'' || 14&nbsp;''(+51)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+64)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Left side empty: 27&nbsp;''(+38)''<br />
<br />
==== Optics ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} [[Optics]]<br />
|-<br />
! Which ones<br />
! Default magnification<br />
! Maximum magnification<br />
|-<br />
! Main Gun optics<br />
| x1.85 || x3.5<br />
|-<br />
! Comparable optics<br />
| colspan="2" | [[Marder III H]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
<br />
The first thing you need to worry about are your flanks. If the enemy gets on to these you will usually be knocked out pretty quickly and with the pathetic turn rate you will rarely be able to respond. When positioning yourself make sure that your flanks are covered. The best way to do this is to position yourself in the centre of a narrow street or park up directly next to a large rock or building. Alternatively try to alert your comrades to your position and needs though if you have my luck then this will be a last resort.<br />
<br />
Next angle yourself. With a bit of angling you can get your frontal and side armour to be effectively around 100mm thick together, meaning that only F2's will be able to take you from beyond short range. Finally, try to get below a bridge or overhang. Enemy aircraft love the 3" Gun Carrier's large, ponderous form and the thin top armour can be penetrated by some of the heavier armaments carried by fighters.<br />
<br />
You want to prioritize [[Pz.IV F2|Panzer IV F2]]'s as these will make mincemeat of your tank. Go for the gunners position unless you have a shot at the hull and are confident that you will take it out in a single shell. [[T-34 (1941)|T-34's]] beyond 100 meters are tricky as well, but they also struggle with penetrating your armour. So its best to try and ignore them unless you are confident about it. Everything else should be a relatively easy target, but watch out for the enemy maneuvering to your sides in fast tanks. A tank on your flank is a sure way to get yourself destroyed since a single APHE shell from a German or Soviet tank could knock out the entire crew if it penetrates.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Good frontal armour, can defeat most incoming shells if angled properly.<br />
* Good gun, with shells doing decent damage.<br />
* Can turn in place.<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Large vehicle, easy to target for fighter-bombers.<br />
* Slow, acceleration and top speed is worse than the Churchill tanks.<br />
* Four tightly packed crew members, easily knocked out with a single shot to the starboard side of the casemate.<br />
* Vulnerable top, can be strafed by planes and set on fire.<br />
* Flat armour and limited traverse prevent from angling.<br />
* Gun placement is low, leaving a large portion of the casemate exposed when aiming hull down.<br />
* Slow gun traverse makes it hard to take aim at moving targets<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
===Development===<br />
In 1941, the British General Staff requested for tanks that can mount a high-velocity cannon. The purpose of this is to create an "expedient design to deal with enemy tanks until the 17-pounder became widespread" due to the risk of a German invasion on the British islands. None of the tanks at the time of this request had the necessary specifications to mount a heavier and larger cannon, the [[Churchill Mk III|Churchill]] and [[Valentine Mk IX|Valentine]] tanks could only hold the 6-pounders. To fix this, it was proposed that a casemate superstructure be used in the design to hold the heavier gun instead, akin to the typical tank destroyer used by Germany and Soviet Union at the time. The company Vauxhall was given 100 of the obsolete 3-inch guns and were tasked to produce a vehicle able to mount these guns. Designing was finished in April 1941, a mock up produced in July, and the first pilot vehicles were finished in early 1942, ready for testing. During these stages, the Department of Tank Design put in an order for 100 of these vehicles. The pilot vehicle was essentially a large 88 mm armoured superstructure with the 3-inch gun mounted in a ball mount, the entire thing was propelled on a Churchill chassis. The tests proved that the vehicles preformed satisfactory and could work, but with the now reduced risk of a German invasion and better equipment becoming to be more widespread, the orders placed on the vehicles wavered to only about 49 vehicles in January 1942. Production for the '''Carrier, Churchill, 3-inch Gun, Mk I''' proceeded from May 1942 to November 2, producing 50 3-inch Gun Carriers total.<br />
<br />
===Proposed usage===<br />
The 3-inch Gun Carrier never saw combat, but it wasn't ignored during its production life. In April 1942, it was proposed that several army tank brigades of Canada be equipped with these 3-inch Gun Carriers, of which 9 would be received and would be split to three troops of three Carriers. It was proposed by Brigadier R.A. Wyman, the commander of the 1st Canadian Army Tank Brigade, that these Carriers be distributed as anti-tank groups. A new company in the brigade system known as the "Heavy Support Company" would man the Carriers and the system would run like an anti-tank regiment in an infantry division. These companies would have about 97 personnel, with 28 headquarters and the rest in the troops, and these were to be assigned to army tank battalions. This was approved in June 24, 1942 by Canadian Military Headquarters and the formation of such unit commenced.<br />
<br />
Formation of the Heavy Support Company in the 1st Canadian Army Tank brigade drew its ranks from the brigade, with Captain G.S.G. Jones as the commander of the company, nominated by the brigade regiments. Doctrine, organization, and training were discussed in July 15. Despite the preparation, the Carriers were never delivered until September 1942. During training, it was found that the Carriers had a tendency to throw their track while turning at speed higher than 10 mph. In October, the company was redesignated as a "squadron" to conform to armour nomenclature in the Canadian Armoured Corp. By November, there were 10 Carriers available for the squadron. In February 1943, the 1st Canadian Corps then ordered that the Heavy Support Squadron in the 1st Canadian Army Tank Brigade be broken up immediately, perhaps due to the Carrier's growing obsolesce with the evolution of tank warfare. By March 1943, all the Carriers were returned or stored away and the squadron was dismissed.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=britain&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=tank_destroyer&vehicle=uk_3_inch_gun_carrier Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|-v53Td3oUcI|'''why - Churchill 3 Inch Gun Carrier ''' - ''Virus''|H1DlfavJQK0|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|UNYQlFEC8Yc|'''3 Inch Gun Carrier, British Tier-2, Tank Destroyer''' - ''Angry Nerd Gaming''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis<br />
<br />
* [[Churchill (Family)]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Churchill_tank#Gun_Carrier,_3-inch,_Mk_I,_Churchill_(A22D)|[Wikipedia] Gun Carrier, 3-inch, Mk I, Churchill (A22D)]]<br />
* [https://servicepub.wordpress.com/2013/11/04/the-carrier-churchill-3-inch-gun-mk-i/ [MilArt<nowiki>]</nowiki> An account on the usage of the 3-inch Gun Carrier]<br />
<br />
{{Britain tank destroyers}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=J26&diff=92824J262021-02-03T12:01:47Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = Swedish fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| usage = other versions of this plane model<br />
| link = P-51 (Family)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=p-51d-20-na_j26<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]]. This aircraft is the American [[P-51D-20-NA]] Mustang which was purchased by Sweden and given native markings.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Flight performance ===<br />
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.'' --><br />
<br />
The J26 is a very fast plane and quite agile at high speed, it is one of the fastest fighters at its battle rating. Being a Swedish version of the [[P-51D-20-NA|D-20 Mustang]], it has similar performance to the [[P-51D-5|D-5]] variant, meaning it can reach 596 km/h at sea level and 707 km/h at 7,500 m altitude. Also just like that variant, it has a really high dive speed limit, which was increased in this variant to 901 km/h. However, the climb rate is at best quite mediocre, especially compared to interceptors like the P-38 and even the P-47D-28 is better at climbing. It takes around 5 minutes to get to 5,000 m from sea level. Acceleration in level flight is also mediocre, it is slightly better than the early P-47D versions but worse than the Lightning and later Thunderbolts which use 150 octane fuel. The addition of the dorsal fin makes the J26 more stable in the yaw axis compared to the D-5 version and there is no difference in this aspect compared to the [[P-51D-10|D-10]]. Turn rate of both these planes is the same. At low speed, the J26 does not perform well, but as soon as the plane gets faster it also starts to turn tighter, even at really high speeds near the maximum.<br />
<br />
The stall characteristics in the Mustang depend a lot on its fuel load, it is really hard to stall out while turning with minimum fuel load and is able to fly at almost full elevator deflection. On the other hand, it stalls quite fast with full fuel tanks, also it gets less stable after loading with more than 30 minutes of fuel. The plane reaches its critical angle of attack near half elevator deflection below 500 km/h. The J26 stalling speed is very similar to those of the P-47 or P-63 series, and so has a high stall speed compared to other planes it can meet. Therefore, the J26 pilot should do their best to not fly at a low speed in order to stay above stall speed and also to make the most of the plane's performance in the skies.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"<br />
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics<br />
! colspan="2" | Max Speed<br>(km/h at 7,620 m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude<br>(metres)<br />
! colspan="2" | Turn time<br>(seconds)<br />
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb<br>(metres/second)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run<br>(metres)<br />
|-<br />
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB<br />
|-<br />
! Stock<br />
| 686 || 665 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 23.0 || 23.8 || 15.7 || 15.7 || rowspan="2" | 396<br />
|-<br />
! Upgraded<br />
| 735 || 710 || 21.0 || 22.0 || 22.8 || 18.9<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Details ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | Features<br />
|-<br />
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear<br />
|-<br />
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X <!-- ✓ --><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="7" | Limits<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)<br />
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)<br />
! colspan="2" | Max Static G<br />
|-<br />
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -<br />
|-<br />
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 644 || 442 || 265 || ~10 || ~4<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)<br />
|-<br />
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator<br />
|-<br />
| < 500 || < 300 || < 500 || > 400<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Compressor<br />
! Optimal altitude<br />
! 100% Engine power<br />
! WEP Engine power<br />
|-<br />
! Setting 1<br />
| 2,400 m || 1,580 hp || 1,728 hp<br />
|-<br />
! Setting 2<br />
| 6,400 m || 1,320 hp || 1,444 hp<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
<!-- ''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.'' --><br />
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}<br />
<br />
* 6.35 mm steel plate behind oil cooling system<br />
* 8 mm steel plate behind pilot<br />
* 11 mm steel plate head rest<br />
* 38 mm bulletproof glass<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
Research the modules in the following order: Go for the belts and then the radiator. Next, go for the compressor. After the compressor, go for the new MGs, followed by engine and then wings repair. Go for the G-suit, followed by the Injection, cover, airframe, and lastly, the bombs.<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}<br />
=== Offensive armament ===<br />
<!-- ''Describe the offensive armament of the aircraft, if any. Describe how effective the cannons and machine guns are in a battle, and also what belts or drums are better to use. If there is no offensive weaponry, delete this subsection.'' --><br />
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}<br />
<br />
{{main|Akan m/45 (12.7 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:<br />
<br />
* 6 x 12.7 mm Akan m/45 machine guns, wing-mounted (270 rpg outer + 270 rpg middle + 500 rpg inner = 2,080 total)<br />
<br />
The {{PAGENAME}} is outfitted with six 12.7 mm Akan m/45 machine-guns. These are identical to the American [[M2 Browning (12.7 mm)|M2 Browning]] found on other mustangs, and performs equally favourably. The guns can be seen as a direct downgrade from the earlier [[Akan m/39 (13.2 mm)|13.2mm Akan m/39]] found on older planes, such as the [[J21A-2]]. Although a downgrade for good reason, it's important not to underestimate 12.7mm machine guns. Having six of them definitely helps, along with a relatively high ammunition count.<br />
<br />
Historically the {{PAGENAME}} was initially meant to feature 13.2 mm machine-guns, similar to that of the planes before it. But since the surplus offer allowed Sweden to purchase .50 cal ammunition and weaponry for incredibly cheap prices, the old 13.2mm was decided to be replaced entirely. This is the reason why planes after the {{PAGENAME}} such as the [[J21RA]], feature the American 12.7 instead of the Swedish 13.2 mm.<br />
<br />
=== Suspended armament ===<br />
<!-- ''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.'' --><br />
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}<br />
<br />
{{main|mb m/37AT (50 kg)}}<br />
<br />
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:<br />
<br />
* Without load<br />
* 2 x 50 kg mb m/37AT bombs (100 kg total)<br />
<br />
The main difference between the Swedish {{PAGENAME}} and the American P-51D is the suspended armament. Sweden never intended the {{PAGENAME}} to be used in the role of Close Air Support like the Americans saw it, and thus the plane features little to no payload options. While the American P-51D-20 offers two 1,000 lb bombs, the Swedish {{PAGENAME}} has to live with two 50 kg bombs, positioned on the same pylon. These are very ineffective, especially compared to the American counterpart, but can still be used comfortably in Ground battles by an experienced pilot. An upside to smaller payloads is the reduced performance impact from carrying them. The {{PAGENAME}} can easily fend off opponents before dropping the payload, whereas the American P-51 needs to get rid of any ordinance before engaging in any aerial combat. The {{PAGENAME}} is best used in a tank line-up as the main fighter, as it has a small potential to score some ground frags, along with plenty of aerial ones.<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!--Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).--><br />
<br />
The J26 is the breakout fighter from the original [[P-51]] design with some major changes which include the beefier Packard V-1650-7 inline engine, bubble canopy for increased pilot visibility and replacement of four 20 mm cannons for six 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns. While not the refined thoroughbred compared to Mustangs of later in the War, the D-5 comes into its own as a multi-purpose fighter depending on the theatre of operation and mission requirements.<br />
<br />
For the D-5 Mustang to work properly as a fighter/interceptor, it needs to maintain its speed to catch enemy aircraft off-guard or to get away when the odds start to look grim. Immediately after spawning, this aircraft should begin its climb to higher altitudes where it can then capitalize on its potential energy, however, side-climbing is recommended otherwise the Mustang will end up in the middle of two layers, lower and slower aircraft which don’t climb well and those like the [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfire]], [[J2M (Family)|J2M]] or [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109s]] which will easily out-climb the J26. Side climbing affords the calculating pilot the opportunity to reach a good altitude from which targets can then be selected and taken out. Here, options will include bomber hunting and Boom & Zooming. Keeping the aircraft’s airspeed around 400 km/h (248 mph) will allow the pilot to play more on the offensive than running on the defensive.<br />
<br />
Unless you are a skilled head-on attacker, this should be avoided as the airframe is fairly fragile, the engine will most likely absorb most of the damage leaking essential fluids or outright quitting, plus the pilot does not have very much protection from the canopy. If forced into a head-on, take evasive manoeuvres and make it difficult for the enemy fighter to get their sights lined up for a firing solution while they waste ammunition.<br />
<br />
Again, while this aircraft becomes difficult to handle when flying slow, it is important to refrain from taking this fighter to the stall point unless you are specifically dragging an enemy fighter into a rope-a-dope or other stall-tactic fighting style. The Mustang does not have a very strong rudder (avoid hammerheads or wing-overs), however, when working into a stall manoeuvre, before the aircraft’s energy if fully depleted, perform a Split-S manoeuvre and let gravity help the engine get the fighter into a raging dive. Another option with stall-tactics is to work with a wingman, where one aircraft dupes an enemy to follow up in a climb as energy bleeds off, at that point, a wingman with plenty of energy can dive and take out the climbing enemy when they are reaching their apex and are going to be at their slowest, making for an easy target. Wing mates can alternate roles to ensure a continual supply of enemy aircraft to attack.<br />
<br />
The J26 is agile enough to dogfight around larger fighters, attackers and bombers, however, it does lack when going against other single-engine fighters around its rank. To counter this inherent weakness, the Mustang should maintain its speed and concentrate on utilising Boom & Zoom tactics allowing it to flee the scene and set up for another attack on its terms. Even missing the target (or not fully destroying it) should not tempt the pilot to chase it down to finish it as this will ultimately bleed of crucial energy and even though successful in chasing down the enemy aircraft and finishing it off, the J26 is left in a vulnerably slow position where it then has to scrape back up to altitude as potential easy pickings for any patrolling enemy aircraft.<br />
<br />
While this version of the Mustang is not outfitted with 20 mm cannons, having six [[Browning M2 (12.7 mm)|12.7 Akan m/45]] heavy machine guns can still result in devastating damage inflicted on the enemy. There are several options of ammunition which can be outfitted with this aircraft and they all have their purpose. One thing the pilot must keep track of is the amount of ammunition left after firing because two of the six guns have more ammunition than the other four; at one point damage output will decrease, however, the decrease in weight from the firing of the rounds will increase the aircraft’s performance until the reload timer resupplies the aircraft or the pilot returns to base for a reload. Alternatively, for an even more effective method of downing enemy aircraft, use the "Stealth" belt.<br />
<br />
While a very capable Boom & Zoom fighter, there are several suspended armament options which can be outfitted to the aircraft depending on the mission. While the additional bombs or rockets will increase the damage potential of the aircraft, there is a trade-off, a critical one, more weapons mean increased aircraft weight and therefore less manoeuvrability and engine performance. Rockets and bombs will turn this aircraft into a force multiplier as the rockets can be used against both aircraft (bombers), ground targets and fleet targets. Bombs, on the other hand, are strictly for land-based and fleet targets, however, they will be less effective against bases in compared to softer ground targets like anti-aircraft cannons, trucks, light tanks and some smaller pillboxes. While the armament on the Mustang will be less effective against a base, it will allow the pilot to chip away at it barring any enemy fighters finding their way over to your location.<br />
<br />
The J26 has many strengths and weaknesses compared to other aircraft in which it will face, the key is to know these limitations and to know which ones you can push and be successful and others which will leave you an easy enemy target. The key point to remember is speed is key, staying around 400 km/h (248 mph) will keep many options open to either run or attack and can be the deciding factor when facing an aircraft with superior qualities and still come out the victor and be credited with the title “rank does not matter.”<br />
<br />
=== Manual Engine Control ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="7" | MEC elements<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Mixer<br />
! rowspan="2" | Pitch<br />
! colspan="3" | Radiator<br />
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger<br />
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger<br />
|-<br />
! Oil !! Water !! Type<br />
|-<br />
| Not controllable || Controllable<br>Not auto controlled || Controllable<br>Auto control available || Controllable<br>Auto control available || Separate || Not controllable<br>2 gears || Not controllable<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!--Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".--><br />
<br />
'''Pros:''' <br />
<br />
* Outstanding Boom & Zoom capability - strictly limit turning manoeuvres<br />
* Great performance at altitude<br />
* Very fast at all altitudes, especially with a levelling-out dive<br />
* Very agile at high speeds<br />
* Good cockpit visibility<br />
* Plenty of ammo<br />
* Fantastic top speed and acceleration when spaded<br />
* Very good sustained climb rate when spaded<br />
* Has a super high rip speed for a prop plane<br />
* G-Suit is researchable<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Water will (eventually) run too hot if on 100% throttle, leave at 99% instead<br />
* Overheats very quickly while using WEP, use very sparingly<br />
* The fantastic Swedish 13 mm Akan from previous aircraft is missing, limiting the firepower<br />
* No options for heavy bombs, unlike American P-51's<br />
* No API-T belt option which can be useful against aircraft<br />
* Same gun as the P-51D-5 but with slightly worse belt options<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
The J26 is the Swedish version of the famous American P-51 Mustang. The Swedish air force had amassed several P-51s that were forced to ditch in the neutral country and procured 161 P-51D aircraft once the arms embargo was lifted. These aircraft served in several roles, including the mapping of new Soviet weapons installations. The last J26 Mustangs were retired in 1953, and almost all remaining airframes were sold to foreign countries including Israel, the Dominican Republic, and Nicaragua.<ref name=":0">Henriksson, L. (2010)</ref><ref name=":1">K51d. (2008)</ref><br />
<br />
=== Procurement ===<br />
[[File:Swedish Airforce P-51 Mustang.jpg|thumb|Swedish Air Force P-51D (J26) on display at Swedish Air Force Museum]]<br />
At the beginning of the Second World War, Sweden had almost 300 aircraft on order from the United States. However, due to Sweden's neutrality and its relations with the Axis states, these orders were cancelled. As a result, the Swedish air force procured large amounts of aircraft from Italy including the [[CR.42]] and [[Re.2000 (Family)|Re.2000]]. During the early days of the war, several Allied pilots crash-landed their aircraft in Sweden due to emergencies or aircraft problems; their aircraft were interned due to Sweden's neutrality. As a result, the Swedish air force amassed several Allied P-51 airframes.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
Finally, in 1944, the Allied command allowed Sweden to procure surplus Allied aircraft; they were allowed to choose between the [[P-47 (Family)|P-47 Thunderbolt]] and [[P-51 (Family)|P-51 Mustang]]. They eventually settled on the P-51 and procured the first batch of 43 P-51B/D aircraft. These were known as the J26 in Swedish service. In 1946, an additional 90 P-51D aircraft were purchased to equip additional fighter wings, and in 1948, a final batch of 21 P-51 aircraft was purchased, mainly for use as reconnaissance aircraft.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
=== Operational history ===<br />
The Swedish P-51s were frequently used as reconnaissance platforms, mapping out the locations of Soviet weapons emplacements.<ref name=":1" /> This meant that they frequently violated Soviet airspace; however, the J26's excellent maximum speed allowed them to escape from any pursuing Soviet fighters of the time. In 1950, trials were conducted to test the effectiveness of bomb and rocket mounts on the J26; however, they were found to be ineffective so the J26 remained in its original intended role of interceptor and fighter.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
By 1952, the J26 was in the process of being phased out of service, replaced by the de Havilland [[J28B|Vampire]] and SAAB [[J29 (Family)|J29]]. As a result, a large number of used airframes remained, which were sold to foreign buyers. In total, the Swedish armed forces procured 161 P-51 Mustangs; of these, 60 crashed and 8 were scrapped. The remaining aircraft were all sold to foreign buyers. Israel purchased 25 used J26s, the Dominican Republic purchased 42 airframes, and Nicaragua purchased 25 airframes. As a result, not a single J26 remained in Sweden. However, one Israeli Mustang was donated back to Sweden, and is now on display at the Swedish Air Force Museum, Linköping.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/405630-p-51d/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]<br />
<br />
=== References ===<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
=== Works Cited ===<br />
<br />
* Henriksson, L. (2010, March 17). J 26 – North American P-51 Mustang (1945 - 1954). Retrieved November 20, 2020, from <nowiki>http://www.avrosys.nu/aircraft/Jakt/114j26/114J26.htm</nowiki><br />
* K51d. (2008). Swedish Mustangs. Retrieved November 20, 2020, from <nowiki>http://mustang.gaetanmarie.com/articles/sweden.htm</nowiki><br />
<br />
{{AirManufacturer NAA}}<br />
{{Sweden fighters}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=J26&diff=92645J262021-02-01T06:59:12Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = Swedish fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| usage = other versions of this plane model<br />
| link = P-51 (Family)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=p-51d-20-na_j26<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]]. This aircraft is the American [[P-51D-20-NA]] Mustang which was purchased by Sweden and given native markings.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Flight performance ===<br />
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.'' --><br />
<br />
The J26 is a very fast plane and quite agile at high speed, it is one of the fastest fighters at its battle rating. Being a Swedish version of the [[P-51D-20-NA|D-20 Mustang]], it has similar performance to the [[P-51D-5|D-5]] variant, meaning it can reach 596 km/h at sea level and 707 km/h at 7,500 m altitude. Also just like that variant, it has a really high dive speed limit, which was increased in this variant to 901 km/h. However, the climb rate is at best quite mediocre, especially compared to interceptors like the P-38 and even the P-47D-28 is better at climbing. It takes around 5 minutes to get to 5,000 m from sea level. Acceleration in level flight is also mediocre, it is slightly better than the early P-47D versions but worse than the Lightning and later Thunderbolts which use 150 octane fuel. The addition of the dorsal fin makes the J26 more stable in the yaw axis compared to the D-5 version and there is no difference in this aspect compared to the [[P-51D-10|D-10]]. Turn rate of both these planes is the same. At low speed, the J26 does not perform well, but as soon as the plane gets faster it also starts to turn tighter, even at really high speeds near the maximum.<br />
<br />
The stall characteristics in the Mustang depend a lot on its fuel load, it is really hard to stall out while turning with minimum fuel load and is able to fly at almost full elevator deflection. On the other hand, it stalls quite fast with full fuel tanks, also it gets less stable after loading with more than 30 minutes of fuel. The plane reaches its critical angle of attack near half elevator deflection below 500 km/h. The J26 stalling speed is very similar to those of the P-47 or P-63 series, and so has a high stall speed compared to other planes it can meet. Therefore, the J26 pilot should do their best to not fly at a low speed in order to stay above stall speed and also to make the most of the plane's performance in the skies.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"<br />
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics<br />
! colspan="2" | Max Speed<br>(km/h at 7,620 m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude<br>(metres)<br />
! colspan="2" | Turn time<br>(seconds)<br />
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb<br>(metres/second)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run<br>(metres)<br />
|-<br />
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB<br />
|-<br />
! Stock<br />
| 686 || 665 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 23.0 || 23.8 || 15.7 || 15.7 || rowspan="2" | 396<br />
|-<br />
! Upgraded<br />
| 735 || 710 || 21.0 || 22.0 || 22.8 || 18.9<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Details ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | Features<br />
|-<br />
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear<br />
|-<br />
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X <!-- ✓ --><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="7" | Limits<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)<br />
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)<br />
! colspan="2" | Max Static G<br />
|-<br />
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -<br />
|-<br />
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 644 || 442 || 265 || ~10 || ~4<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)<br />
|-<br />
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator<br />
|-<br />
| < 500 || < 300 || < 500 || > 400<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Compressor<br />
! Optimal altitude<br />
! 100% Engine power<br />
! WEP Engine power<br />
|-<br />
! Setting 1<br />
| 2,400 m || 1,580 hp || 1,728 hp<br />
|-<br />
! Setting 2<br />
| 6,400 m || 1,320 hp || 1,444 hp<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
<!-- ''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.'' --><br />
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}<br />
<br />
* 6.35 mm steel plate behind oil cooling system<br />
* 8 mm steel plate behind pilot<br />
* 11 mm steel plate head rest<br />
* 38 mm bulletproof glass<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
Research the modules in the following order: Go for the belts and then the radiator. Next, go for the compressor. After the compressor, go for the new MGs, followed by engine and then wings repair. Go for the G-suit, followed by the Injection, cover, airframe, and lastly, the bombs.<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}<br />
=== Offensive armament ===<br />
<!-- ''Describe the offensive armament of the aircraft, if any. Describe how effective the cannons and machine guns are in a battle, and also what belts or drums are better to use. If there is no offensive weaponry, delete this subsection.'' --><br />
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}<br />
<br />
{{main|Akan m/45 (12.7 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:<br />
<br />
* 6 x 12.7 mm Akan m/45 machine guns, wing-mounted (270 rpg outer + 270 rpg middle + 500 rpg inner = 2,080 total)<br />
<br />
The {{PAGENAME}} is outfitted with six 12.7 mm Akan m/45 machine-guns. These are identical to the American [[M2 Browning (12.7 mm)|M2 Browning]] found on other mustangs, and performs equally favourably. The guns can be seen as a direct downgrade from the earlier [[Akan m/39 (13.2 mm)|13.2mm Akan m/39]] found on older planes, such as the [[J21A-2]]. Although a downgrade for good reason, it's important not to underestimate 12.7mm machine guns. Having six of them definitely helps, along with a relatively high ammunition count.<br />
<br />
Historically the {{PAGENAME}} was initially meant to feature 13.2 mm machine-guns, similar to that of the planes before it. But since the surplus offer allowed Sweden to purchase .50 cal ammunition and weaponry for incredibly cheap prices, the old 13.2mm was decided to be replaced entirely. This is the reason why planes after the {{PAGENAME}} such as the [[J21RA]], feature the American 12.7 instead of the Swedish 13.2 mm.<br />
<br />
=== Suspended armament ===<br />
<!-- ''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.'' --><br />
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}<br />
<br />
{{main|mb m/37AT (50 kg)}}<br />
<br />
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:<br />
<br />
* Without load<br />
* 2 x 50 kg mb m/37AT bombs (100 kg total)<br />
<br />
The main difference between the Swedish {{PAGENAME}} and the American P-51D is the suspended armament. Sweden never intended the {{PAGENAME}} to be used in the role of Close Air Support like the Americans saw it, and thus the plane features little to no payload options. While the American P-51D-20 offers two 1,000 lb bombs, the Swedish {{PAGENAME}} has to live with two 50 kg bombs, positioned on the same pylon. These are very ineffective, especially compared to the American counterpart, but can still be used comfortably in Ground battles by an experienced pilot. An upside to smaller payloads is the reduced performance impact from carrying them. The {{PAGENAME}} can easily fend off opponents before dropping the payload, whereas the American P-51 needs to get rid of any ordinance before engaging in any aerial combat. The {{PAGENAME}} is best used in a tank line-up as the main fighter, as it has a small potential to score some ground frags, along with plenty of aerial ones.<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!--Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).--><br />
<br />
The J26 is the breakout fighter from the original [[P-51]] design with some major changes which include the beefier Packard V-1650-7 inline engine, bubble canopy for increased pilot visibility and replacement of four 20 mm cannons for six 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns. While not the refined thoroughbred compared to Mustangs of later in the War, the D-5 comes into its own as a multi-purpose fighter depending on the theatre of operation and mission requirements.<br />
<br />
For the D-5 Mustang to work properly as a fighter/interceptor, it needs to maintain its speed to catch enemy aircraft off-guard or to get away when the odds start to look grim. Immediately after spawning, this aircraft should begin its climb to higher altitudes where it can then capitalize on its potential energy, however, side-climbing is recommended otherwise the Mustang will end up in the middle of two layers, lower and slower aircraft which don’t climb well and those like the [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfire]], [[J2M (Family)|J2M]] or [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109s]] which will easily out-climb the J26. Side climbing affords the calculating pilot the opportunity to reach a good altitude from which targets can then be selected and taken out. Here, options will include bomber hunting and Boom & Zooming. Keeping the aircraft’s airspeed around 400 km/h (248 mph) will allow the pilot to play more on the offensive than running on the defensive.<br />
<br />
Unless you are a skilled head-on attacker, this should be avoided as the airframe is fairly fragile, the engine will most likely absorb most of the damage leaking essential fluids or outright quitting, plus the pilot does not have very much protection from the canopy. If forced into a head-on, take evasive manoeuvres and make it difficult for the enemy fighter to get their sights lined up for a firing solution while they waste ammunition.<br />
<br />
Again, while this aircraft becomes difficult to handle when flying slow, it is important to refrain from taking this fighter to the stall point unless you are specifically dragging an enemy fighter into a rope-a-dope or other stall-tactic fighting style. The Mustang does not have a very strong rudder (avoid hammerheads or wing-overs), however, when working into a stall manoeuvre, before the aircraft’s energy if fully depleted, perform a Split-S manoeuvre and let gravity help the engine get the fighter into a raging dive. Another option with stall-tactics is to work with a wingman, where one aircraft dupes an enemy to follow up in a climb as energy bleeds off, at that point, a wingman with plenty of energy can dive and take out the climbing enemy when they are reaching their apex and are going to be at their slowest, making for an easy target. Wing mates can alternate roles to ensure a continual supply of enemy aircraft to attack.<br />
<br />
The J26 is agile enough to dogfight around larger fighters, attackers and bombers, however, it does lack when going against other single-engine fighters around its rank. To counter this inherent weakness, the Mustang should maintain its speed and concentrate on utilising Boom & Zoom tactics allowing it to flee the scene and set up for another attack on its terms. Even missing the target (or not fully destroying it) should not tempt the pilot to chase it down to finish it as this will ultimately bleed of crucial energy and even though successful in chasing down the enemy aircraft and finishing it off, the J26 is left in a vulnerably slow position where it then has to scrape back up to altitude as potential easy pickings for any patrolling enemy aircraft.<br />
<br />
While this version of the Mustang is not outfitted with 20 mm cannons, having six [[Browning M2 (12.7 mm)|12.7 Akan m/45]] heavy machine guns can still result in devastating damage inflicted on the enemy. There are several options of ammunition which can be outfitted with this aircraft and they all have their purpose. One thing the pilot must keep track of is the amount of ammunition left after firing because two of the six guns have more ammunition than the other four; at one point damage output will decrease, however, the decrease in weight from the firing of the rounds will increase the aircraft’s performance until the reload timer resupplies the aircraft or the pilot returns to base for a reload. Alternatively, for an even more effective method of downing enemy aircraft, use the "Stealth" belt.<br />
<br />
While a very capable Boom & Zoom fighter, there are several suspended armament options which can be outfitted to the aircraft depending on the mission. While the additional bombs or rockets will increase the damage potential of the aircraft, there is a trade-off, a critical one, more weapons mean increased aircraft weight and therefore less manoeuvrability and engine performance. Rockets and bombs will turn this aircraft into a force multiplier as the rockets can be used against both aircraft (bombers), ground targets and fleet targets. Bombs, on the other hand, are strictly for land-based and fleet targets, however, they will be less effective against bases in compared to softer ground targets like anti-aircraft cannons, trucks, light tanks and some smaller pillboxes. While the armament on the Mustang will be less effective against a base, it will allow the pilot to chip away at it barring any enemy fighters finding their way over to your location.<br />
<br />
The J26 has many strengths and weaknesses compared to other aircraft in which it will face, the key is to know these limitations and to know which ones you can push and be successful and others which will leave you an easy enemy target. The key point to remember is speed is key, staying around 400 km/h (248 mph) will keep many options open to either run or attack and can be the deciding factor when facing an aircraft with superior qualities and still come out the victor and be credited with the title “rank does not matter.”<br />
<br />
=== Manual Engine Control ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="7" | MEC elements<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Mixer<br />
! rowspan="2" | Pitch<br />
! colspan="3" | Radiator<br />
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger<br />
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger<br />
|-<br />
! Oil !! Water !! Type<br />
|-<br />
| Not controllable || Controllable<br>Not auto controlled || Controllable<br>Auto control available || Controllable<br>Auto control available || Separate || Not controllable<br>2 gears || Not controllable<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!--Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".--><br />
<br />
'''Pros:''' <br />
<br />
* Outstanding Boom & Zoom capability - strictly limit turning manoeuvres<br />
* Great performance at altitude<br />
* Very fast at all altitudes, especially with a levelling-out dive<br />
* Very agile at high speeds<br />
* Good cockpit visibility<br />
* Plenty of ammo<br />
* Fantastic top speed and acceleration when spaded<br />
* Very good sustained climb rate when spaded<br />
* Has a super high rip speed for a prop plane<br />
* G-Suit is researchable<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Water will (eventually) run too hot if on 100% throttle, leave at 99% instead<br />
* Overheats very quickly while using WEP, use very sparingly<br />
* The fantastic Swedish 13 mm Akan from previous aircraft is missing, limiting the firepower<br />
* No options for heavy bombs, unlike American P-51's<br />
* No API-T belt option which can be useful against aircraft<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
The J26 is the Swedish version of the famous American P-51 Mustang. The Swedish air force had amassed several P-51s that were forced to ditch in the neutral country and procured 161 P-51D aircraft once the arms embargo was lifted. These aircraft served in several roles, including the mapping of new Soviet weapons installations. The last J26 Mustangs were retired in 1953, and almost all remaining airframes were sold to foreign countries including Israel, the Dominican Republic, and Nicaragua.<ref name=":0">Henriksson, L. (2010)</ref><ref name=":1">K51d. (2008)</ref><br />
<br />
=== Procurement ===<br />
[[File:Swedish Airforce P-51 Mustang.jpg|thumb|Swedish Air Force P-51D (J26) on display at Swedish Air Force Museum]]<br />
At the beginning of the Second World War, Sweden had almost 300 aircraft on order from the United States. However, due to Sweden's neutrality and its relations with the Axis states, these orders were cancelled. As a result, the Swedish air force procured large amounts of aircraft from Italy including the [[CR.42]] and [[Re.2000 (Family)|Re.2000]]. During the early days of the war, several Allied pilots crash-landed their aircraft in Sweden due to emergencies or aircraft problems; their aircraft were interned due to Sweden's neutrality. As a result, the Swedish air force amassed several Allied P-51 airframes.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
Finally, in 1944, the Allied command allowed Sweden to procure surplus Allied aircraft; they were allowed to choose between the [[P-47 (Family)|P-47 Thunderbolt]] and [[P-51 (Family)|P-51 Mustang]]. They eventually settled on the P-51 and procured the first batch of 43 P-51B/D aircraft. These were known as the J26 in Swedish service. In 1946, an additional 90 P-51D aircraft were purchased to equip additional fighter wings, and in 1948, a final batch of 21 P-51 aircraft was purchased, mainly for use as reconnaissance aircraft.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
=== Operational history ===<br />
The Swedish P-51s were frequently used as reconnaissance platforms, mapping out the locations of Soviet weapons emplacements.<ref name=":1" /> This meant that they frequently violated Soviet airspace; however, the J26's excellent maximum speed allowed them to escape from any pursuing Soviet fighters of the time. In 1950, trials were conducted to test the effectiveness of bomb and rocket mounts on the J26; however, they were found to be ineffective so the J26 remained in its original intended role of interceptor and fighter.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
By 1952, the J26 was in the process of being phased out of service, replaced by the de Havilland [[J28B|Vampire]] and SAAB [[J29 (Family)|J29]]. As a result, a large number of used airframes remained, which were sold to foreign buyers. In total, the Swedish armed forces procured 161 P-51 Mustangs; of these, 60 crashed and 8 were scrapped. The remaining aircraft were all sold to foreign buyers. Israel purchased 25 used J26s, the Dominican Republic purchased 42 airframes, and Nicaragua purchased 25 airframes. As a result, not a single J26 remained in Sweden. However, one Israeli Mustang was donated back to Sweden, and is now on display at the Swedish Air Force Museum, Linköping.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/405630-p-51d/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]<br />
<br />
=== References ===<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
=== Works Cited ===<br />
<br />
* Henriksson, L. (2010, March 17). J 26 – North American P-51 Mustang (1945 - 1954). Retrieved November 20, 2020, from <nowiki>http://www.avrosys.nu/aircraft/Jakt/114j26/114J26.htm</nowiki><br />
* K51d. (2008). Swedish Mustangs. Retrieved November 20, 2020, from <nowiki>http://mustang.gaetanmarie.com/articles/sweden.htm</nowiki><br />
<br />
{{AirManufacturer NAA}}<br />
{{Sweden fighters}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=B18B&diff=92190B18B2021-01-27T23:44:51Z<p>U7665380: /* Usage in battles */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = Swedish bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| usage = other versions<br />
| link = B18 (Family)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=saab_b18b<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].<br />
<br />
Sweden had been using the Ju 86K (export version of the German Ju 86) or the B3C bomber as their main bomber. In 1938 a requirement was put forth to Swedish aircraft manufactures for a fast reconnaissance aircraft with a crew of three. SAAB was awarded the contract for the project and began to build the SAAB 18 alongside the smaller SAAB B17 bomber. At this point the B17 had the facilities priorities in construction, however, the B18 was modified from being just a reconnaissance aircraft to also being a medium bomber. The mid-project changes caused a significant delay in the production of the aircraft which didn’t roll out for duty until mid-1944.<br />
<br />
Initially, the B18A aircraft was deemed underpowered with the two Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp radial engines, but would later be replaced by license-built Daimler-Benz DB 605 liquid-cooled engines. Later the B18B variant was modified to operate as a dive bomber/ground attack variant which could be outfitted with three 120 kg bombs or 12 m/51 rockets which could utilize both the internal bomb bay and hardpoints on under the wings. A single defensive positions utilised two 13.2 mm Akan m/39 machine guns which had limited coverage the rear dorsal position of the aircraft. The pilot was in control of a single 13.2 mm m/39A machine gun.<br />
<br />
The {{PAGENAME}} was a multi-role aircraft which filled a need for the Swedish air forces, which continued on until 1959. This bomber can operate in two roles, either as a medium-altitude bomber working on destroying vehicles and anti-aircraft artillery targets or to bomb enemy bases. Flying at a higher altitude will help to avoid a majority of the fighter aircraft which tend to stay at the lower altitudes. The {{PAGENAME}} can also be pressed into service in the lower altitudes and even on the deck. When outfitted with rockets, the {{PAGENAME}} can dive-bomb ground targets to include tanks, bunkers, anti-aircraft artillery and naval ships.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Flight performance ===<br />
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}<br />
<!--Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.--><br />
<br />
The aircraft performs extremely well, and can outrun anything. Its turn time is good, can out-turn most twin engine fighters. It has a really good rate of climb, and an excellent dive speed. The only issue with the flight performance is that it bleeds energy when you have the payload options strapped on. <br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"<br />
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics<br />
! colspan="2" | Max Speed<br>(km/h at 6,000 m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude<br>(metres)<br />
! colspan="2" | Turn time<br>(seconds)<br />
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb<br>(metres/second)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run<br>(metres)<br />
|-<br />
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB<br />
|-<br />
! Stock<br />
| 549 || 533 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 28.1 || 28.9 || 8.1 || 8.1 || rowspan="2" | 400<br />
|-<br />
! Upgraded<br />
| 593 || 570 || 26.0 || 27.0 || 15.9 || 11.5<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Details ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | Features<br />
|-<br />
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear<br />
|-<br />
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X <!-- ✓ --><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="7" | Limits<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)<br />
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)<br />
! colspan="2" | Max Static G<br />
|-<br />
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -<br />
|-<br />
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 490 || 490 || 290 || ~7 || ~2<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)<br />
|-<br />
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator<br />
|-<br />
| < 370 || < 350 || < 400 || > 420<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.'' --><br />
[[File:B18-T18 Armor Plates.png|450px|thumb|right|Protective components found in the '''{{PAGENAME}}'''.]]<br />
<br />
* 10 mm steel - cockpit floor under pilot's seat<br />
* 10 mm steel - pilot's seatback<br />
* 10 mm steel - rear gunner protective plate<br />
* 10 mm steel - cockpit floor under gunner's seat<br />
* 10 mm steel - aft protective plate<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
The priority modules are the guns and bombs. Get all the bombs and guns and the first set of rockets. Save the other two for last. After the weaponry, go for all the engine modules, then wings repair and survivability mods, then go fuselage repair and lastly the other rockets.<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}<br />
=== Offensive armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe the offensive armament of the aircraft, if any. Describe how effective the cannons and machine guns are in a battle, and also what belts or drums are better to use. If there is no offensive weaponry, delete this subsection.'' --><br />
{{main|Akan m/39A (13.2 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:<br />
<br />
* 1 x 13.2 mm Akan m/39A machine gun, nose-mounted (300 rpg)<br />
<br />
=== Suspended armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.'' --><br />
{{main|sb m/42 (50 kg)|mb m/40 (250 kg)|mb m/41 (500 kg)|mb m/50 (600 kg)}}<br />
{{main|psrak m/49A|srak m/51|hprak m/49}}<br />
<br />
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:<br />
<br />
* 18 x 50 kg sb m/42 bombs (900 kg total)<br />
* 3 x 250 kg mb m/40 bombs (750 kg total)<br />
* 3 x 250 kg mb m/40 bombs + 8 x 50 kg sb m/42 bombs (1,150 kg total)<br />
* 2 x 500 kg mb m/41 bombs (1,000 kg total)<br />
* 2 x 500 kg mb m/41 bombs + 8 x 50 kg sb m/42 bombs (1,400 kg total)<br />
* 2 x 600 kg mb m/50 bombs (1,200 kg total)<br />
* 2 x 600 kg mb m/50 bombs + 8 x 50 kg sb m/42 bombs (1,600 kg total)<br />
* 12 x psrak m/49A rockets<br />
* 12 x srak m/51 rockets<br />
* 2 x hprak m/49 rockets<br />
* 10 x 50 kg sb m/42 bombs + 12 x psrak m/49A rockets (500 kg total)<br />
* 10 x 50 kg sb m/42 bombs + 12 x srak m/51 rockets (500 kg total)<br />
* 10 x 50 kg sb m/42 bombs + 2 x hprak m/49 rockets (500 kg total)<br />
* 3 x 250 kg mb m/40 bombs + 12 x psrak m/49A rockets (750 kg total)<br />
* 3 x 250 kg mb m/40 bombs + 12 x srak m/51 rockets (750 kg total)<br />
* 3 x 250 kg mb m/40 bombs + 2 x hprak m/49 rockets (750 kg total)<br />
* 2 x 500 kg mb m/41 bombs + 12 x psrak m/49A rockets (1,000 kg total)<br />
* 2 x 500 kg mb m/41 bombs + 12 x srak m/51 rockets (1,000 kg total)<br />
* 2 x 500 kg mb m/41 bombs + 2 x hprak m/49 rockets (1,000 kg total)<br />
* 2 x 600 kg mb m/50 bombs + 12 x psrak m/49A rockets (1,200 kg total)<br />
* 2 x 600 kg mb m/50 bombs + 12 x srak m/51 rockets (1,200 kg total)<br />
* 2 x 600 kg mb m/50 bombs + 2 x hprak m/49 rockets (1,200 kg total)<br />
<br />
=== Defensive armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}<br />
<!-- ''Defensive armament with turret machine guns or cannons, crewed by gunners. Examine the number of gunners and what belts or drums are better to use. If defensive weaponry is not available, remove this subsection.'' --><br />
{{main|Akan m/39 (13.2 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:<br />
<br />
* 1 x 13.2 mm Akan m/39 machine gun, dorsal turret (300 rpg)<br />
* 1 x 13.2 mm Akan m/39 machine gun, ventral turret (300 rpg)<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!--Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).--><br />
<br />
The B18B is a really good aircraft in all game modes. Its frontal armament is really powerful, using HEF shells. It does have a low ammo count of 300 for all guns, including the turrets. The B18B is a good bomber hunter, as you'll be facing He 111's which have such poor defensive armaments. You can easily destroy axis bombers with this plane. The G4M1 and He-111 don't hold a candle to this bomber. You can use this plane in all roles, even fighter. The list is below for realistic battles.<br />
<br />
'''Bomber:''' This plane can carry enough bomb to destroy 2 and a half bases on maps with three bases, and 1 base on new maps with its max bomb payload. Once you drop your payload, you can kill any remaining bombers or fighters still hanging around. Remember, if an aircraft is on your six, outspeed them and use your turrets to your advantage. <br />
<br />
'''Ground Attacker/CAS:''' With 12 rockets and 2 600kg bombs, this plane is a devastating ground attacker. It can pen 500mm of armor with the M/49A and is really good at getting rockets on target. The bombs will one shot anything in a huge radius. It is a great aircraft for ground support. Watch out for SPAAs though, as they will find you a large and easy target.<br />
<br />
'''Fighter/Bomber Hunter:''' The 13mm is absolutely devastating. When you prep for an engagement with a bomber, go head on, and try to bait them into getting behind you. Use your turrets from bellow where they have no coverage, and aim for the cockpit. For fighter engagements, you need to ask yourself three things. Am I faster than them? Am I higher than them? Can I dive at least 1.5 kilometers? If one of them is yes, go for the engagement. If none are yes, run away, and use your good turret coverage and acceleration to speed away and chip with y our turrets.<br />
=== Manual Engine Control ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="7" | MEC elements<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Mixer<br />
! rowspan="2" | Pitch<br />
! colspan="3" | Radiator<br />
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger<br />
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger<br />
|-<br />
! Oil !! Water !! Type<br />
|-<br />
| Not controllable || Controllable<br>Auto control available || Controllable<br>Auto control available || Controllable<br>Auto control available || Separate || Not controllable<br>1 gear || Not controllable<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
It is advisable to keep the radiators at 20%, and the prop pitch on 95%, since you are traveling at high speeds.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Extremely quick for a twin engine aircraft, especially at altitude. Able to cruise at ~560 km/h @ 5 km and even run away from some single-engine fighters<br />
* Blisteringly fast maximum top speed, able to reach almost 900 km/h without ripping wings, possibly fastest twin engine prop in the game<br />
* Above average climb rate for an aircraft of its size<br />
* Defensive guns will melt any enemies that attack from behind<br />
* Air spawn gives it a good opportunity for chasing down enemy bombers with its superior speed<br />
* Versatile secondary weapons allow it to take on a variety of roles<br />
* Very strong ground attacker, carries 12 rockets, 2 600kg bombs, perfect CAS plane<br />
* Low repair costs for Swedish standards<br />
* Really effective airbrakes after patch 1.99<br />
* 13.2mm machine guns have HEF bullets, which make them more potent than the already powerful 50 cals. <br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Gunners are vulnerable and die easily<br />
* Higher than average chance of getting set on fire<br />
* Single forward facing 13.2mm inadequate for taking down larger aircraft like the BV 238<br />
* Very nose heavy when landing, must take great care not to tip forward and crash, leave the airbrake retracted when landing<br />
* As with most DB engined aircraft, the cooling system is vulnerable and you will find yourself overheating after only a few hits<br />
* Low ammo count of 300 rounds per gun for each gun, including the turrets. It is advisable to reload your turrets after an engagement<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!--''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''<br />
* ''other literature.''--><br />
<br />
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/474730-saab-b18b/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]<br />
<br />
{{AirManufacturer Saab}}<br />
{{Sweden bombers}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=J21A-2&diff=92130J21A-22021-01-27T01:42:58Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = Swedish fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| usage = other versions<br />
| link = J21 (Family)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=saab_j21a_2<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
|cockpit=cockpit_saab_j21a_2.jpg<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Flight performance ===<br />
<!--''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''--><br />
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"<br />
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics<br />
! colspan="2" | Max Speed<br>(km/h at 4,300 m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude<br>(metres)<br />
! colspan="2" | Turn time<br>(seconds)<br />
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb<br>(metres/second)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run<br>(metres)<br />
|-<br />
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB<br />
|-<br />
! Stock<br />
| 616 || 599 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 21.0 || 21.9 || 12.6 || 12.6 || rowspan="2" | 300<br />
|-<br />
! Upgraded<br />
| 666 || 640 || 19.0 || 20.0 || 19.0 || 15.5<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Details ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | Features<br />
|-<br />
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear<br />
|-<br />
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X <!-- ✓ --><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="7" | Limits<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)<br />
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)<br />
! colspan="2" | Max Static G<br />
|-<br />
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -<br />
|-<br />
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 460 || 460 || 325 || ~11 || ~5<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)<br />
|-<br />
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator<br />
|-<br />
| < 450 || < 390 || < 420 || > 715<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
<!-- ''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.'' --><br />
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}<br />
<br />
* 10 mm steel - Firewall armour plate<br />
* 10 mm steel - Firewall cover armour plate<br />
* 10 mm steel - Pilot's back armour plate<br />
* 60 mm bulletproof glass<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}<br />
=== Offensive armament ===<br />
<!-- ''Describe the offensive armament of the aircraft, if any. Describe how effective the cannons and machine guns are in a battle, and also what belts or drums are better to use. If there is no offensive weaponry, delete this subsection.'' --><br />
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}<br />
<br />
{{main|Akan m/45 (20 mm)|Akan m/39A (13.2 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:<br />
<br />
* 1 x 20 mm Akan m/45 cannon, nose-mounted (140 rpg)<br />
* 2 x 13.2 mm Akan m/39A machine guns, nose-mounted (350 rpg = 700 total)<br />
* 2 x 13.2 mm Akan m/39A machine guns, wing-mounted (325 rpg = 650 total)<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
<br />
The J21A-2 (along with the rest of the J21A variants) is an excellent energy fighter. The plane retains and gains speed very well, as long as it is flying in a straight line. In level flight or in a dive, the J21A is very fast and can outrun most of its opponents. Additionally, it can manoeuvre quite well compared to some of its opponents but pilots must watch to ensure their speed does not drop too low as this makes the J21A an easy target. The nose mounted armament makes it possible to successfully fight head-on with opponents and the 20 mm cannon is especially devastating when combined with the 13.2 mm machine guns. This armament also makes the J21A good as a bomber-interceptor since it can knock out critical components of an opponent's aircraft very quickly.<br />
<br />
Overall, the J21A was designed (and should be used) as an interceptor. One excellent tactic is to climb at about 20 degrees until reaching 4000-5000 meters and operating from that altitude in a boom-and-zoom role. This enables the J21A to use its excellent dive speed and heavy armament to maximum effect.<br />
<br />
Another effective tactic is to fly level and fast at medium altitude 2000-3000 meters and act as a support fighter, assisting team mates who are overwhelmed by picking off some of their opponents in hit-and-run attacks. While the J21 can manoeuvre quite well (especially with combat flaps) it is not advisable to do this except as a last resort because the aircraft bleeds speed very rapidly. Also, this can expose the J21's engine (mounted in the rear of the aircraft) to and an enemy, allowing him the opportunity to knock out the J21's engine or hit its fuel tank (centrally located between the cockpit and the engine). This is another reason to avoid running away from an opponent, except when you can dive faster than the enemy or outclimb him. Many planes at the J21's level can keep up with it, although many also cannot. As long as you know your opponent and their capabilities, you can use the J21 very effectively.<br />
<br />
Although the J21 can be set on fire rather easily due to its centrally located fuel tank, it is often possible to put out the fire by diving very steeply and fast. This creates enough of a slipstream around the fuselage to often put out the fire.<br />
<br />
=== Manual Engine Control ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="7" | MEC elements<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Mixer<br />
! rowspan="2" | Pitch<br />
! colspan="3" | Radiator<br />
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger<br />
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger<br />
|-<br />
! Oil !! Water !! Type<br />
|-<br />
| Not controllable || Controllable<br>Auto control available || Controllable<br>Auto control available || Controllable<br>Auto control available || Separate || Not controllable<br>1 gear || Not controllable<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Very stable, does not stall in level flight even with the throttle set to zero<br />
* Retains controllability at all speeds, even when stalling<br />
* Engine protected from head-on attacks<br />
* Most armament is nose-mounted<br />
* Heavy armament with excellent ammunition belts<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Pusher aircraft, engine mounted facing rear, exposed to enemy aircraft which may follow<br />
* Required to set convergence due to wing-mounted machine guns<br />
* Loses speed rapidly in sharp turns<br />
* Long weapon reload time (in AB)<br />
* High repair cost<br />
* Has one of the most expensive aircraft to repair in AB at ~19 K Silver Lions<br />
* Water overheats fast on WEP<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!--''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''<br />
* ''other literature.''--><br />
<br />
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/474726-saab-j21a-1/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]<br />
<br />
{{AirManufacturer Saab}}<br />
{{Sweden fighters}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Type_63&diff=90623Type 632021-01-20T01:26:27Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=cn_type_63_I<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].<br />
<br />
The Type 63 can be considered a domestic Chinese counterpart to the Soviet-produced [[PT-76 (China)|PT-76]] amphibious light tank, its predecessor in the tech tree. It is far from a copy, however. It features a similar cast turret to the [[Type 62]] equipped with the same 85 mm gun, and the hull has larger dimensions and a different position for the driver. This 63-I variant has a more powerful engine as well. While the protection and gun handling are poor, the firepower and speed much improved from the PT-76. Few tanks at its battle rating can boast a HEAT-FS round with 300 mm of penetration, a nasty surprise for enemy heavy tanks. The Type 63 offers a taste of what's to come in the succeeding Type 62, which has similar firepower while improving in practically every aspect aside from the ability to swim.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
<br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour<br />
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret front/sides, Gun mantlet)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 11 mm (82°) ''Upper glacis'' <br /> 14 mm (42°) ''Lower glacis'' || 13 mm ''Top'' <br /> 10 mm ''Bottom'' || 10 mm (1°) ''Top'' <br> 10 mm (62°) ''Bottom'' || 10 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 11 mm (15-58°) ''Turret front'' <br> 15 mm (10-69°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 11 mm (17-58°) || 11 mm (10-48°) || 10 mm<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Cupola || 10 mm || 10 mm<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels are 10 mm thick.<br />
* Tracks are 15 mm thick.<br />
<br />
The Type 63-I's armour is no better than the PT-76 and should not be relied upon against any incoming fire. Even heavy machine guns and autocannons pose a serious threat to this vehicle; the turret has only 11 mm of cast steel for example and can be penetrated by the M2 Browning commonly mounted on US tanks. SPAAs and aircraft will rip the tank to shreds. In general, avoid being spotted and stay close to cover. Placing bushes on the front and top of the tank to delay recognition by enemies, even for a second or two, can help considerably.<br />
<br />
The Type 63-I is vulnerable to hull-break. Chemical shells (HEAT, HEAT-FS, HE) of at least decent size will trigger it consistently. Kinetic shells tend to be less threatening; generally speaking, APHE rounds will only fuse if fired through the lower glacis, which has exactly enough armor to trigger the common 14 mm fuse sensitivity. The thinly armored turret will not fuse most APHE rounds and it is possible for a [[Tiger II (P)|Tiger II]]'s fearsome PzGr 39/42 to pass through a turret cheek and only take one to two crew members with it.<br />
<br />
The crew of 4 is better than the 3 in the PT-76, but the additional crew member resides in the crowded turret and the benefits to survivability are marginal.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=620|rbMinHp=354}}<br />
<br />
The {{PAGENAME}} sees a decent improvement in mobility compared to the preceding [[PT-76 (China)|PT-76]], thus making this tank more attractive for flanking, or early game rushing. The {{PAGENAME}} is also good for hillclimbing and can reach some nifty positions on some maps. The mobility lags slightly behind some contemporary tanks like the [[M41A1|M41 Walker Bulldog]] and wheeled Italian vehicles are much faster on roads. It will still handily outrun medium and heavy tanks. The reverse speed of about 10 km/h is a slight improvement over the T-34-85 but by no means lightning-quick. If using shoot-and-scoot tactics, start backing into cover as soon as possible after firing a shot.<br />
<br />
As an amphibious vehicle, the Type 63-I will not drown in water and can swim across rivers or lakes slowly but steadily. However, the lack of a gun stabilizer makes firing while on water very difficult. Avoid driving on water for more than short crossings if enemies are likely to see you, as it will be nearly impossible to defend yourself.<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
The Type 63-I's stock grind is less painful than the PT-76 since it has a decent gun with usable ammunition from the start. But the tank does not have much going for it over a T-34-85 until the Type 1956 HEAT-FS, a Tier IV modification, is researched. Try focusing on the firepower modifications after Parts are unlocked, as the vehicle's stock mobility is not bad. Adjustment of Fire is very important since the Type 63-I's long reload does not give it much leeway if one's shot misses. Once the HEAT-FS is unlocked, the grind becomes significantly easier since the tank is now capable of harming enemies frontally from any distance, making assists much easier to come by and reducing its reliance on flanking.<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|Type-62-85-TC (85 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The Type-62-85-TC cannon is also used by the Type 62, but the reload is about two seconds longer on the Type 63 for some reason. This means that it has the same sluggish reload as the PT-76 despite having a dedicated loader. The gun handling is poor all-round, with the gun rotation, elevation, and depression speeds all being lower than the PT-76. This can be a pain when using the Type 63-I aggressively; it is unfortunate that the gun handling cannot keep up with the good mobility.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[Type-62-85-TC (85 mm)|85 mm Type-62-85-TC]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 47 || rowspan="2" | -4°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 9.5 ||13.2||16.0||17.7||18.8|| rowspan="2" | 11.2 || rowspan="2" |9.9|| rowspan="2" |9.1|| rowspan="2" | 8.6<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 5.9 ||7.0||8.5||9.4||10.0<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
Two APHE shells are available. The stock BR-365A APHEBC round has rather low penetration for its rank, but this is compensated by its excellent slope modifiers and high explosive mass. It penetrates other light tanks easily and is the best round to use when flanking. The BR-367 APCBC round has about 30 mm of extra penetration with less than half the TNT equivalent; while this is not a bad tradeoff, in practice it does not frontally penetrate many vehicles that the BR-365A round cannot, and when flanking the lower post-penetration damage is a big drawback. Using one or the other is mostly up to personal taste, though it does not hurt to bring some of both.<br />
<br />
The BR-367P APCR shell has high velocity and better flat penetration than the APHE rounds, but as with other shells of its class, the angled performance and post-penetration damage are awful. It is best used as an interim shell before the HEAT-FS is unlocked; in emergency situations it can penetrate the turret face of the [[Tiger II (H)]] at close range.<br />
<br />
The Type 1956 HEAT-FS shell is the most powerful option available to the Type 63-I and is very strong for its rank. 300 mm of flat penetration at any distance with good velocity and angled performance is no joke, capable of nullifying the armour of many heavy tanks. The main rival at the battle rating of 6.3 is the [[ST-A1]]'s 90 mm HEAT-FS with 305 mm of flat penetration. It boasts more TNT equivalent than the HE shell, making it dangerous to hull-breakable targets like the common [[M18 GMC|M18 Hellcat]]. The main drawbacks are the mediocre post-penetration damage and the tendency to bounce against heavily sloped armour, so aim carefully for important crew members, modules, and ammo racks.<br />
<br />
The stock O-365K HE shell is very weak and should be avoided. It is not even strong enough to hull-break unarmored trucks reliably and the HEAT-FS is better in all aspects.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| BR-365A || APHEBC || 135 || 133 || 125 || 115 || 106 || 97<br />
|-<br />
| BR-367 || APCBC || 164 || 162 || 154 || 145 || 136 || 127<br />
|-<br />
| BR-367P || APCR || 208 || 203 || 183 || 160 || 140 || 123<br />
|-<br />
| O-365K || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10<br />
|-<br />
| Type 1956 || HEATFS || 300 || 300 || 300 || 300 || 300 || 300<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| BR-365A || APHEBC || 792 || 9.20 || 1.2 || 14.0 || 164 || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| BR-367 || APCBC || 792 || 9.20 || 1.2 || 14.0 || 67.76 || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| BR-367P || APCR || 1,020 || 5.30 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 66° || 70° || 72°<br />
|-<br />
| O-365K || HE || 793 || 9.54 || 0.1 || 0.3 || 660 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| Type 1956 || HEATFS || 845 || 7.00 || N/A || 0.1 || 822.8 || 65° || 72° || 77°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! 7th<br>rack empty<br />
! 8th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''47''' || 42&nbsp;''(+5)'' || 36&nbsp;''(+11)'' || 30&nbsp;''(+17)'' || 24&nbsp;''(+23)'' || 15&nbsp;''(+32)'' || 11&nbsp;''(+36)'' || 7&nbsp;''(+40)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+46)'' || Yes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
Note: ammo rack #1 is in the back of the turret basket and will rotate with the turret.<br />
<br />
The poor protection of the Type 63-I means that taking less ammunition will not improve post-penetration survivability by much. Taking 30 rounds or less will empty the ammo racks in the back of the fighting compartment and turret basket, so solid projectiles entering the front right of the vehicle might pass through and hit only the loader. This is mildly helpful against British tanks and M41s. In the event that 30 rounds is not enough, a rare occurrence, it's fine to take more.<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|SGMT (7.62 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The Type 63-I has a coaxial 7.62 SGMT machine gun. It is useful for spotting targets on the map but little else. The SGMT does enjoy a much larger magazine and better rate of fire than the typical WWII-era DT machine gun, which helps to clear fences and bushes that might prematurely detonate the HEAT-FS round. The lack of a pintle mounted heavy machine gun makes it difficult to ward off aircraft or gun down light vehicles like armoured cars.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[SGMT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm SGMT]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Coaxial || 3,200 (250) || 600 || N/A || N/A<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
<br />
The Type 63-I is best used in a way that avoids direct exposure to enemy fire and gives you time to set up shots and ambushes. Running straight into battle or rushing cap points may not end well. Flanking is definitely a recommended method as this gives you the time you desperately need due to slow turret rotation and reload. It also gives you chances to shoot at enemy side armour, which is the only way to penetrate heavier enemies if you use the conventional shells. When flanking, avoid driving in the open if possible and keep an eye out for other light vehicles. Some of them, like armoured cars and Hellcats, can be hull broken with the HEAT-FS round, while others like the [[M41A1|M41 Walker Bulldog]] used by several nations cannot and are best dispatched with the APHE rounds. Once a good position is reached, stay close to cover and be sure to hide when reloading.<br />
<br />
The long reload makes selecting the right ammunition type for the situation very important. Otherwise, switching to the correct round could take up to 11 seconds, enough for an enemy to retreat or return fire. It is better to keep HEAT-FS loaded when entering an engagement if enemy types are unknown; any target that the HEAT-FS cannot hull-break can still be disabled with a careful shot to the gunner/driver/gun breech, and APHE can be used to finish cripped targets off. On the other hand, the first speedy enemies to appear at the start of a match are probably soft enough to destroy with APHE. Try to reload while in cover.<br />
<br />
Like many domestic PRC tanks, the Type 63-I's gun handling is quite awful, so predict where enemies are likely to appear and always be on the lookout for potential ambushes or flankers. If your aim must be shifted rapidly, turn the hull as well as the turret. Though it lacks neutral steering, the hull traverse is quite good. Avoid trying to take down or harass aircraft unless they are bold enough to fly directly at you and escaping to cover is impossible.<br />
<br />
Ground targets to watch out for include the infamous [[R3 T20 FA-HS]], whose extreme mobility and fully stabilized autocannon are the bane of the Type 63-I's bad gun handling and armour, and the [[Ru 251]], which also has incredible speed and can hull-break the Type 63-I easily with its chemical rounds. Thankfully, these two targets can be hull-broken in return. Try to spot them first and stay out of sight until they are not looking in your direction, then introduce them to the HEAT-FS. Be sure not to miss, you may not get a second chance.<br />
<br />
Besides flanking, another tactic is to use the HEAT-FS shells for long range sniping. The HEAT-FS does not lose accuracy nor penetration at range, giving you the full 300 mm penetration on each hit. Keep in mind that the tank's optics are not great, having 4x zoom like the PT-76. Shooting and relocating is advisable due to the fact that if an enemy manages to be within range of you, they will only need one shot to take you out. Stay hidden or retreat if an enemy is looking in your direction and ready to fire, as the Type 63-I does not have the gun handling or armor necessary to peek effectively. Keep an eye on the sky and switch positions after a few kills, as it is very likely that planes and artillery will be on their way to seek revenge. Virtually any aircraft can dispatch the Type 63-I, even those lacking bombs or rockets.<br />
<br />
Remember to constantly mark enemies with scouting. Besides helping your team and gaining assists for yourself, it allows teammates to mop up targets that you have crippled but are unwilling or unable to finish off. The reduction in aircraft spawn cost is also valuable due to the Type 63-I's fragility. If a good early-game run with the tank is terminated, it should be easy to pull out a suitable CAS aircraft like the [[Tu-2S-44 (China)|Tu-2]] or counter-CAS aircraft like the [[La-9 (China)|La-9]] to exact revenge while leaving points in reserve for later spawns.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Same 85 mm gun as the [[Type 62]], more powerful and much less frustrating to use than the preceding [[PT-76 (China)|PT-76]]<br />
* HEAT-FS penetrates up to 300 mm of armor, excellent for the battle rating<br />
* 4 crew members<br />
* Improved mobility from the PT-76<br />
* Can scout and assist with repairs<br />
* Amphibious<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* No stabilizer, firing on the move or on water is difficult<br />
* Very thin armour<br />
* Poor gun handling<br />
* Slow turret traverse<br />
* Slow reload, especially for a light tank<br />
* No night vision devices<br />
* No sources of smoke<br />
* Larger profile than the PT-76<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
<br />
The Soviet Union delivered [[PT-76 (China) |PT-76]] tanks to the People's Republic of China in the 1950s. Their lightweight and amphibious capability were appreciated by the PLA, and in 1958 an order was placed for the development of an indigenous vehicle in the same vein. Initially a copy of the PT-76 called the Type 60 was made, but unsatisfactory performance and reliability issues prompted a redesign. The new design was finalized in 1963 and entered service as the Type 63 light tank, not to be confused with the Type 63 armoured personnel carrier that served as a basis for the [[ZSD63]]. While resembling the PT-76, the Type 63 tanks featured notable differences, such as a new engine, a relocated driver's station, and a new turret with an 85 mm gun. Overall dimensions were slightly enlarged for extra flotation. The Type 63 was intended for use in the wet and muddy terrain of southern China and also for seaborne assaults - many were stationed in the southern coast, across the strait from Taiwan.<br />
<br />
The improved '''Type 63-I''' variant replaced the original 240 hp V6 engine derived from the PT-76 with a more powerful V12 12150-L2 engine developing about 400 hp. Additional upgrades were developed over the years. The 63-II variant from the 1970s added laser rangefinder and night vision equipment. The 63HG variant from the 1990s had a boat-like hull with a rounded nose and a modified turret with a 105 mm gun. In the late 1990s, the ultimate Type 63A variant entered service. It featured a new welded turret with improved protection, a 105 mm gun, modern fire control systems, and a further redesigned hull.<br />
<br />
The Type 63 was exported to several countries, including Myanmar, Albania, and Vietnam. It remains in use with several of them today. The Type 63A, which is a modification of the Type 63 with 105mm gun and improved armor, still serves with the PLA today, however it is being gradually replaced by the larger and more advanced ZTD-05 amphibious assault vehicle.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''<br />
* ''other literature.''<br />
<br />
{{China light tanks}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Gun_Carrier_(3-in)&diff=90478Gun Carrier (3-in)2021-01-18T10:05:02Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=uk_3_inch_gun_carrier<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced along with the initial British ground tree in [[Update 1.55 "Royal Armour"]]. This abomination of a vehicle is based on a Churchill chassis. It sport a 3-inch gun that they couldn't fit into a normal Churchill turret, but in the world's boxiest crew compartment. In all seriousness, you will likely see the tracks (and suspension) before you see anything else. Once you've recognized that there is no turret, then you know its a 3-inch Gun Carrier.<br />
<br />
The 3-inch Gun Carrier is an interesting tank that can be difficult to play. Combining the aspects of an assault gun and a tank destroyer, it has a strange play style. At longer ranges, getting a penetration with the main gun can be difficult whilst the small arc and low turn rate makes close quarters fighting extremely hazardous. The first thing to take note of is your armour - at 89mm on the front you are one of the toughest vehicles at this rank. However this armour is flat and unsloped. At the sides the armour drops to 76 mm and the rear is only 25 mm thick meaning that, when combined with the positioning of the crew, a penetration from either of these angles is usually deadly.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour<br />
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mount, Cupola)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 38 mm (69°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 76.2 mm (17°) ''Lower glacis''|| 76.2 mm || 25.4 mm ''Top'' <br> 25.4 mm (68°)''Bottom'' || 16 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Superstructure || 89 mm <br> 100 mm (2-46°)''Gun mount'' || 76.2 mm || 25.4 mm || 16 mm <br> 40 mm ''Cupola''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels and chassis construction are 20 mm thick while tracks are 30 mm thick.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=497|rbMinHp=310}}<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|OQF 3in 20cwt (76 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[OQF 3in 20cwt (76 mm)|76 mm OQF 3in 20cwt]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 65 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±5° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 3.96 || 5.48 || 6.66 || 7.37 || 7.84 || rowspan="2" | 8.19 || rowspan="2" | 7.25 || rowspan="2" | 6.67 || rowspan="2" | 6.30<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 2.68 || 3.15 || 3.82 || 4.23 || 4.50<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.2 || AP || 111 || 109 || 97 || 84 || 73 || 64<br />
|-<br />
| Shell HE || HE || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="11" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Normalization At 30°<br>from horizontal<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.2 || AP || 762 || 5.67 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| Shell HE || HE || 609 || 7.26 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 530 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_3inchGunCarrier.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''65''' || 53&nbsp;''(+12)'' || 40&nbsp;''(+25)'' || 27&nbsp;''(+38)'' || 14&nbsp;''(+51)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+64)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Left side empty: 27&nbsp;''(+38)''<br />
<br />
==== Optics ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} [[Optics]]<br />
|-<br />
! Which ones<br />
! Default magnification<br />
! Maximum magnification<br />
|-<br />
! Main Gun optics<br />
| x1.85 || x3.5<br />
|-<br />
! Comparable optics<br />
| colspan="2" | [[Marder III H]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
<br />
The first thing you need to worry about are your flanks. If the enemy gets on to these you will usually be knocked out pretty quickly and with the pathetic turn rate you will rarely be able to respond. When positioning yourself make sure that your flanks are covered. The best way to do this is to position yourself in the centre of a narrow street or park up directly next to a large rock or building. Alternatively try to alert your comrades to your position and needs though if you have my luck then this will be a last resort.<br />
<br />
Next angle yourself. With a bit of angling you can get your frontal and side armour to be effectively around 100mm thick together, meaning that only F2's will be able to take you from beyond short range. Finally, try to get below a bridge or overhang. Enemy aircraft love the 3" Gun Carrier's large, ponderous form and the thin top armour can be penetrated by some of the heavier armaments carried by fighters.<br />
<br />
You want to prioritize [[Pz.IV F2|Panzer IV F2]]'s as these will make mincemeat of your tank. Go for the gunners position unless you have a shot at the hull and are confident that you will take it out in a single shell. [[T-34 (1941)|T-34's]] beyond 100 meters are tricky as well, but they also struggle with penetrating your armour. So its best to try and ignore them unless you are confident about it. Everything else should be a relatively easy target, but watch out for the enemy maneuvering to your sides in fast tanks. A tank on your flank is a sure way to get yourself destroyed since a single APHE shell from a German or Soviet tank could knock out the entire crew if it penetrates.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Good frontal armour, can become practically invulnerable to incoming shells if angled properly<br />
* Good gun with decent damage<br />
* Can turn in place<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Large target<br />
* Slow<br />
* Four crew members<br />
* Vulnerable top, can be strafed by planes and set on fire<br />
* Flat armour<br />
* Gun placement is low, leaving a large weakspot when aiming hull down<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
===Development===<br />
In 1941, the British General Staff requested for tanks that can mount a high-velocity cannon. The purpose of this is to create an "expedient design to deal with enemy tanks until the 17-pounder became widespread" due to the risk of a German invasion on the British islands. None of the tanks at the time of this request had the necessary specifications to mount a heavier and larger cannon, the [[Churchill Mk III|Churchill]] and [[Valentine Mk IX|Valentine]] tanks could only hold the 6-pounders. To fix this, it was proposed that a casemate superstructure be used in the design to hold the heavier gun instead, akin to the typical tank destroyer used by Germany and Soviet Union at the time. The company Vauxhall was given 100 of the obsolete 3-inch guns and were tasked to produce a vehicle able to mount these guns. Designing was finished in April 1941, a mock up produced in July, and the first pilot vehicles were finished in early 1942, ready for testing. During these stages, the Department of Tank Design put in an order for 100 of these vehicles. The pilot vehicle was essentially a large 88 mm armoured superstructure with the 3-inch gun mounted in a ball mount, the entire thing was propelled on a Churchill chassis. The tests proved that the vehicles preformed satisfactory and could work, but with the now reduced risk of a German invasion and better equipment becoming to be more widespread, the orders placed on the vehicles wavered to only about 49 vehicles in January 1942. Production for the '''Carrier, Churchill, 3-inch Gun, Mk I''' proceeded from May 1942 to November 2, producing 50 3-inch Gun Carriers total.<br />
<br />
===Proposed usage===<br />
The 3-inch Gun Carrier never saw combat, but it wasn't ignored during its production life. In April 1942, it was proposed that several army tank brigades of Canada be equipped with these 3-inch Gun Carriers, of which 9 would be received and would be split to three troops of three Carriers. It was proposed by Brigadier R.A. Wyman, the commander of the 1st Canadian Army Tank Brigade, that these Carriers be distributed as anti-tank groups. A new company in the brigade system known as the "Heavy Support Company" would man the Carriers and the system would run like an anti-tank regiment in an infantry division. These companies would have about 97 personnel, with 28 headquarters and the rest in the troops, and these were to be assigned to army tank battalions. This was approved in June 24, 1942 by Canadian Military Headquarters and the formation of such unit commenced.<br />
<br />
Formation of the Heavy Support Company in the 1st Canadian Army Tank brigade drew its ranks from the brigade, with Captain G.S.G. Jones as the commander of the company, nominated by the brigade regiments. Doctrine, organization, and training were discussed in July 15. Despite the preparation, the Carriers were never delivered until September 1942. During training, it was found that the Carriers had a tendency to throw their track while turning at speed higher than 10 mph. In October, the company was redesignated as a "squadron" to conform to armour nomenclature in the Canadian Armoured Corp. By November, there were 10 Carriers available for the squadron. In February 1943, the 1st Canadian Corps then ordered that the Heavy Support Squadron in the 1st Canadian Army Tank Brigade be broken up immediately, perhaps due to the Carrier's growing obsolesce with the evolution of tank warfare. By March 1943, all the Carriers were returned or stored away and the squadron was dismissed.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
Skin and Camouflages for the [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=britain&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=tank_destroyer&vehicle=uk_3_inch_gun_carrier 3-inch Gun Carrier] in Warthunder Live.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Churchill_tank#Gun_Carrier,_3-inch,_Mk_I,_Churchill_(A22D)|[Wikipedia<nowiki>]</nowiki> Gun Carrier, 3-inch, Mk I, Churchill (A22D)]]<br />
* [https://servicepub.wordpress.com/2013/11/04/the-carrier-churchill-3-inch-gun-mk-i/ [MilArt<nowiki>]</nowiki> An account on the usage of the 3-inch Gun Carrier]<br />
<br />
{{Britain tank destroyers}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Challenger&diff=71779Challenger2020-09-26T10:07:16Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card|code=uk_a30_challenger}}<br />
{{DISPLAYTITLE:A30 Challenger}}<br />
{{About<br />
| about = British medium tank '''A30 Challenger'''<br />
| usage = other uses<br />
| link = Challenger (Disambiguation)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!--''In the description, the first part needs to be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert the screenshot of the vehicle. If the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, they will immediately understand what kind of vehicle it is talking about.''--><br />
[[File:GarageImage_A30Challenger.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]<br />
{{break}}<br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} British medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.55 "Royal Armour"]] alongside the rest of the British Ground Forces Tree. Taking the outdated Cromwell chassis, extending it and adding a new turret, it gave life to this improved variant with the much powerful 17-pounder anti-tank gun. <br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
<!--''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat?''<br />
<br />
''If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''--><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
| colspan="6" align="center" | '''Tank Armour Table'''<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 63.5 mm (1°) ''Front plate'' <br> 30 mm (73°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 57.15 mm (19-35°) ''Joint plate'' <br> 25 mm (65°) ''Lower glacis'' || 29-50.8 mm ''Top hull'' <br /> 14 + 14 mm ''Lower Hull'' || 51 mm ''Turret base'' <br> 38 mm ''Top hull'' <br> 38 mm (19°), 20 mm (57°) ''Lower Hull'' || 20 mm ''Front'' <br> 14 mm ''Engine deck''<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 63-102 mm (0-1°) ''Turret front'' <br> 102 mm (4-12°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 40 mm || 40 mm (1°) || 20 mm <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, suspension bars are 10 mm thick, while tracks are 20 mm thick.<br />
* 5 mm RHA plates between the engine compartment and crew, as well as separating driver from turret and ammunition.<br />
* Lower side hulls are spaced with the suspension springs lined up in between.<br />
* A 25 mm RHA bar line up in front of the turret to protect the turret ring.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 930|rbMinHp= 531}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|QF 17-pounder (76 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|76 mm QF 17-pounder]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 48 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 31.42 || 43.48 || 52.80 || 58.39 || 62.12 || rowspan="2" | 6.63 || rowspan="2" | 5.87 || rowspan="2" | 5.41 || rowspan="2" | 5.10<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 19.64 || 23.10 || 28.05 || 31.02 || 33.00<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
<br />
* '''Shot Mk.6:''' {{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}} - Standard penetrating round, use until better rounds are unlocked.<br />
* '''Shell Mk.1:''' {{Annotation|HE|High-explosive}} - It is ideal for destroying SPAA and lightly armoured tanks, but useless against anything else.<br />
* '''Shot Mk.4:''' {{Annotation|APC|Armour-piercing capped}} - Cap for better grip against sloped armour.<br />
* '''Shot Mk.8:''' {{Annotation|APCBC|Armour-piercing capped ballistic capped}} - Like Shot Mk.4 but with a ballistic cap for improved flight path, as well as better penetration.<br />
* '''Shot SV Mk.1:''' {{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}} - Highest armour penetration of any shot, but has worse spalling effect.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 171 || 168 || 155 || 139 || 126 || 113<br />
|-<br />
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 171 || 168 || 155 || 139 || 126 || 113<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 190 || 187 || 172 || 155 || 140 || 126<br />
|-<br />
| Shot SV Mk.1 || APDS || 228 || 226 || 207 || 189 || 159 || 134<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 883 || 6.98 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 580 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot SV Mk.1 || APDS || 1,203 || 1.73 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics<br />
|-<br />
! Ammunition<br />
! Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! Screen radius<br>(m)<br />
! Screen deploy time<br>(s)<br />
! Screen hold time<br>(s)<br />
! Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
|-<br />
| 17pdr Shell SS Mk.1 || 754 || 8.44 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''48''' || 37&nbsp;''(+11)'' || 25&nbsp;''(+23)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+47)'' || Yes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Turret empty: 25&nbsp;''(+23)''<br />
<br />
===== Optics =====<br />
<!--''Explain how the optic's status can affect the tank's gameplay in any unique or meaningful way. A comparison to rival tanks of the rank is welcome.''<br />
''If you are having problems with it, refer to the [[Optics|optics gallery]] page for examples.''--><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} [[Optics]]<br />
|-<br />
! Which ones<br />
! Default magnification<br />
! Maximum magnification<br />
|-<br />
! Main Gun optics<br />
| x3 || x6 <!--Sometimes the actual value may not be known and here it should be referenced if the optic values are an estimate such as with an "X8.3 (estimated)" notation or something else that way the user will then be able to look to the comparable optics section and see a referenced optic which will have actual in-game data to back up the claim.--><br />
|-<br />
! Comparable optics<br />
| colspan="2" | [[VFW]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Uses now default x6 scope of the British. As of rank III, this scope is slightly or moderately superior to most medium and heavy tanks, but do not expect to outsnipe German SPG as they have same optics or even better.<br />
<br />
With Challenger being on the edge in between rank III and IV it is possible to get into rank IV battle with full up-tier. In that case, the tank optics are no longer superior to most opponents.<br />
<br />
In particular, do not let Japanese medium tanks [[ST-A1]] get an upper hand at all costs, as they have optics eclipsing these of Challenger at long ranges and might as well snipe Challenger from 2 km away, if they have accuracy modifications.<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|M1919A4 (7.62 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Coaxial || 3,750 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!--''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''--><br />
This tank has a high penetration gun (with APDS), great maneuverability, and good speed. However, it has extremely weak armour, terrible reverse, and quite a high profile. As such it requires some skill to use. It excels as a sniper or an ambushing tank destroyer, waiting for the enemy to come into its sights and firing from a point of advantage. It is also a good flanker due to its speed and maneuverability, getting around the enemy and hitting them from the side or back. <br />
<br />
Do not attempt to brawl or use this vehicle as a front line tank. The Challenger cannot afford to take even a single hit from enemy tanks, and it will be up against German 88 mm and Russian 85/122 mm guns which will easily take it out in one shot. The poor reverse speed also makes hit and run tactics a bad choice. <br />
<br />
When in its stock form, this tank will be quite frustrating to play. The stock AP round bounces often and does very little damage, it is also quite hard to aim at range. The first aim upon getting this tank should be to unlock APDS as soon as possible. With this round, the Challenger can easily penetrate most of the tanks that it faces. Hitting ammo racks often equals a detonation and it performs well at long range.<br />
<br />
=== Modules ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Tier<br />
! colspan="2" | Mobility<br />
! Protection<br />
! colspan="3" | Firepower<br />
|-<br />
| I<br />
| Tracks<br />
| <br />
| Parts<br />
| Shot Mk.4<br />
| Horizontal Drive<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| II<br />
| Suspension<br />
| Brake System<br />
| FPE<br />
| Shot Mk.8<br />
| Adjustment of Fire<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| III<br />
| Filters<br />
| <br />
| Crew Replenishment<br />
| Shot SV Mk.1<br />
| Elevation Mechanism<br />
| Smoke Grenade<br />
|-<br />
| IV<br />
| Transmission<br />
| Engine<br />
| <br />
| Artillery Support<br />
| 17pdr Shell SS Mk.1<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!--''Summarize and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - they have a substitution in the form of softer "inadequate", "effective".''--><br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Armed with the 17-pounder with APDS rounds available.<br />
* The Challenger has the fastest reload speed from all tanks armed with the 17-pounder.<br />
* Able to deal a lot of damage in a very short amount of time.<br />
* Fast tank that is capable of reaching 50km/h on even ground.<br />
* Fast turret traverse.<br />
* Wide gun depression and elevation.<br />
* Plays similarly to the Comet I and Avenger, albeit with a higher profile and less armour on the turret. <br />
* Turret armour is still about 102 mm thick in certain areas.<br />
* Ammo is stored in a strategic location, lowering the risk of ammo detonation.<br />
* Very low risk of fire due to rear mounted transmission and fuel tanks.<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Paper thin hull armour (glass cannon).<br />
* No explosive filler in any AP shells.<br />
* APDS shot causes only punctual damage (aim carefully).<br />
* Turret is very tall compared to hull profile, making it hard to hide behind obstacles.<br />
* Suffers from an awful reverse speed.<br />
* Four man in the turret, an APHE shot will disable the tank for good.<br />
* The Challenger requires a very high skill cap to perform adequately.<br />
* Traversing the hull, especially on sloped angles, might be hard due to its long hull<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!--''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ground vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><ref></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article.''--><br />
===Development===<br />
The development of the [[Cromwell V|Cromwell]] tank due to the implementation of the Rolls-Royce Meteor engine helped Roy Robotham from Rolls to become the Minstry of Supply on the Tank Board, despite his lack of experience around the development of tanks. With the Cromwell in service with the British military, attempts were made to upgrade the armament on the tank from its 6-pounder and 75 mm gun. The first attempt was by Vickers with a "high-velocity" 75 mm gun, but the Cromwell turret ring proved too small for the adaption. While these attempts were made to upgun the Cromwell, improved tanks to replace the Cromwell was underway as the [[Comet I|Comet]] and the [[Centurion Mk 3|Centurion]] tank. The General Staff specification for a 17-pounder armed cruiser tank was A29, but this was changed to A30 for any 17-pounder tank. The first order for such a tank came in 1942 to the Birmingham Railway Carriage & Wagon Company to build the 17-pounder tank from the components of the A27M Cromwell tank. While responsibility of the turret and gun mounting went to Stothert & Pitt, Birmingham was responsible for modifying the Cromwell hull for the new turret.<br />
<br />
The resulting tank from the design team was completed in 1942. Compared to the Cromwell, the hull machine gun was removed for more stowage space for the longer 17-pounder ammunition. However, the stowage location and ammo size facilitated the need for two loaders in the tank to keep the firing rate stable. A larger turret was needed for this requirement, the larger turret thus caused the Cromwell hull to be lengthened with another road wheel on the suspension, but the track width was not modified to fit this so the tank's mobility was reduced. The total armour is reduced to save on weight, especially the turret area, which gave the crew inside the turret a sense of vulnerability. The turret ring of the turret was unprotected and was thus given a jacking feature to clear any jams that forms from combat situations.<br />
<br />
The tank, named the '''A30 Challenger''', was tested at Lulworth and was criticized for having a slow firing rate and thin armour, but its long range effectiveness against German tanks was satisfactory. An order for 200 Challengers was made in February 1943. The order was finished, but it was announced that no more were to be ordered on November the same year.<br />
<br />
===Combat usage===<br />
The Challenger was criticized and generally unpopular in its service, the crews complain that the tank throws its track, the armour was too thin, and the profile was too tall. The Challenger had no provisions for deep wading and was thus unable to participate during the D-day landings during Operation Overlord, thus the Challenger deployment was delayed until the artificial mulberry harbors and ports were captured before able to be delivered.<br />
<br />
Though the Challenger saw some modifications to fix the track throwing issue, it was found that the equipping of the 17-pounder onto the American [[M4|M4 Sherman]] tank into the [[Sherman Firefly|Firefly]] was faster and easier than the production of the Challenger, thus production lines were stopped after the initial orders. Both tanks saw use in the same role in the British tank forces, accompanying the tank squadrons into enemy territory and firing at enemy armour from a long distance. The Challenger saw more use with Cromwell units due to interchangeability in parts. Some perks of the Challenger was its speed and agility compared to the Firefly, but the vehicle's initial bad reputation still struggled due to the low number produced in the war. <br />
<br />
An attempt to improve on the Challenger was the [[Avenger|A30 SP Avenger]], which used a different open-topped turret to save weight on the tank design. However, due to priorities on the [[Comet I|Comet]] tank in the Vauxhall Motors plant, they were not being built until 1945 and weren't used until after the war in Europe is over. 250 unit were built and formed part of the British Army of the Rhine stationed in Germany after the war.<br />
<br />
The Challenger saw use with other Allied forces as well, with the 1st Czechoslovak Armoured Brigade using the tank during the assault on Dunkirk and the 1st Polish Armoured Division receiving them by mid-1945. After the war, Czechoslovakia wanted to buy 22 Challengers to equip its army, which it did until 1959.<br />
<br />
===Survivors===<br />
Two Challenger survive in intact condition today. One is at the Overloon War Museum in the Netherlands and the other is currently in storage at the Isle of Wight Military Museum to be restored, when it will then be displayed at the Bovington Tank Museum.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!--Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.--><br />
{{Youtube-gallery|rpvKhy22Erc|'''The Shooting Range #85''' - ''War Machines'' section at 00:33 discusses the A30 Challenger.}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!--''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''--><br />
<br />
* [[Avenger]] - Tank destroyer spin-off also using the Cromwell chassis to carry the 17-pdr.<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!--''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on tank;''<br />
* ''other literature.''--><br />
<br />
* [https://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/852/ [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> A34 Comet I and A30 Challenger]<br />
<br />
{{Britain medium tanks}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=R3_T106_FA&diff=69626R3 T106 FA2020-09-06T05:59:59Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card|code=it_oto_r3_106sr}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!--''In the description, the first part needs to be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert the screenshot of the vehicle. If the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, they will immediately understand what kind of vehicle it is talking about.''--><br />
[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]<br />
{{break}}<br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian light tank {{Battle-rating|5}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
<!--Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat?<br />
<br />
If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.--><br />
The {{PAGENAME}} has the same chassis as the R3 T20 FA-HS. This means that it will have the same level of protection. Compared to the FIAT Chassis (FIAT 6614 and AUBL/74 uses this chassis), the armour is a lot better. This is because the front plate is 33mm thick, which allows it to take a few hits from .50 cals, especially if angled. However, this tank is still vulnerable to machine gun fire. Bombs and rockets also have a large destruction radius on the {{PAGENAME}}.<br />
<br />
However, some good points in regards to the survivability is the ability to poke just the gun out of cover. This not only makes the tank very difficult to spot, but in case of a hit, only the barrel will be damaged (and often only 1 of them which allows you to fire with the other one).<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 147|rbMinHp= 84}}<br />
<br />
The mobility of the {{PAGENAME}} is exactly the same as the [[R3 T20 FA-HS]]. Due to War Thunder's map sizes, the maximum speed that can be achieved before a turn has to be made is about 98 km/h. On regular terrain, speed will average about 60 km/h and 50 km/h when going up hills. This makes the {{PAGENAME}} one of the fastest armoured vehicles in the BR range. On desert maps, this tank fares much better compared to the FIAT chassis and the succeeding counterpart Centauro. It is capable of going about 30-35 km/h on desert terrain and a tad slower on snow terrain. It is faster than the FIAT chassis on all terrains and faster than famous fast light tanks like the Ru 251 on hard and medium terrain.<br />
<br />
This excellent mobility allows you to flank very fast or go to a position even enemy fast tanks (such as the Super Hellcat) don't expect you to get to.<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
<!--Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.--><br />
{{main|Cannone da 106 s.r.M40A1 (106 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The R3 T106 FA uses the same 106mm recoilless rifles as the FIAT 6614. This means that it gets access to both a HEAT round (400mm penetration) and an all-out devastating HESH round. It is highly recommended that only the HESH round is used (152mm penetration flat, but works at nearly every angle) since any armour plate that is not 152mm in raw thickness (due to mechanics of HESH) will be penetrated. The gun has quite a low velocity (500m/s), making aiming above 600m quite difficult as your range estimation has to be very accurate. However, the presence of another gun allows you to adjust your second shot, making it quite easy to hit moving targets between 0 and 1000 m with your first shot. Above all that, even having a second gun has no guarantee of a hit,unlessthey are sitting still and not moving. the HESH round often one-shot enemies if used properly, which will be discussed below. The gun reloads with about 10 seconds, allowing for about 12 shots a minute (2 guns). Unfortunately, the R3 T106 FA has only 5 rounds per gun, so it is essential that the player does not waste the ammo on engagements over 1000m to save ammo. Instead, use the excellent mobility to flank and get closer. The gun bounces about 1 more time than most tankers are used to, which leads to a very long time before it is ready to be fired. This can be counteracted by its second gun as the player may miss once but still have a second shot, reducing the "fear factor" of missing when timing gun bounce. The gun rotation speed is 20°/sec which is very good in reacting to new threats which appear.<br />
<br />
Full Ammo load should be brought for the cannon (10 HESH or 8 HESH, 2 HEAT) because running out of shells is very common in this vehicle even with full ammunition load.<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft, but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!--Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).--><br />
Similar to most other light tanks, the best way to play this vehicle is either as an ambush vehicle or as a flanking vehicle. This helps to avoid direct confrontations which in turn masks the vehicle's greatest weaknesses which are poor fire stability (gun bounce) and poor armour. This also capitalises on its main advantage which is its insane speed. Ambushing even in highly popular pathways can be very successful with this tank due to its presence of 2 guns, reducing the chance you will be overwhelmed. Brawling can be done in this vehicle due to its fast acceleration, allowing it to duck in and out of cover to fire very quickly. <br />
<br />
As mentioned in the armament section, using the right round can lead to great success against opponents. Knowing how to use the HESH round is imperative to success with this vehicle. Due to the nature of HESH, some tanks will require a more precise targeting for effective use, so here are some recommendations for success with HESH:<br />
<br />
* Conqueror - Lower front plate, rear half of turret (front half is a non-penn), cupola<br />
* T34/T29 - Turret roof, turret ring, turret side, anywhere on hull<br />
* M103 - Anywhere on the hull, turret side. Do not target the gun mantlet and other relatively unangled areas<br />
* Caernarvon - Anywhere on turret except the gun mantlet (and even the sloped parts since 100% ricochet is at 80°)<br />
* T32 - Anywhere on the hull, turret side<br />
* T95 - Roof, upper front plate, sides, cupola<br />
* IS-6 - Turret sides, anywhere on the hull<br />
* IS-3- Anywhere on hull, upper half of side turret (lower half has 156mm armour, which is more than 152mm penn), Turret ring<br />
* T-54 - Turret side, upper front plate<br />
* IS-4M - the toughest for the {{PAGENAME}}. The upper front plate is easily penetrated, but the angled plate and the hull sides as well as turret sides are all too tough. Even the rear is too tough except for the top half of the rear turret armour. Basically shoot the upper front plate, but anywhere else will be bounce or protected by tracks.<br />
<br />
From the list, the recommended shot on most tanks with HESH is the turret side armour, as there is no tracks or side skirts to block your shell and armour there even on heavy tanks is usually less than 152 mm raw thickness.<br />
<br />
Be careful when shooting an angled upper front plate of tanks, as since it is angled the HESH will send a blast downwards, which might only knock out the machine gunner and driver. However, if you aim towards the top half of the upper front plate, the shrapnel is powerful enough that it should incapacitate all of the turret crew anyways. Also, don't shoot the engines unless you have to, as a potent shot is rare and you won't one shot with a solid hit. The two guns the {{PAGENAME}} can allow for one shot to go for the cannon barrel or tracks first, then the second gun can lineup for a good shot on a weak spot.<br />
<br />
=== Modules ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Tier<br />
! colspan="2" | Mobility<br />
! Protection<br />
! colspan="2" | Firepower<br />
|-<br />
| I<br />
| Tires<br />
|<br />
| Parts<br />
| Horizontal Drive<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| II<br />
| Suspension<br />
| Brake System<br />
| FPE<br />
| Adjustment of Fire<br />
| Airstrike<br />
|-<br />
| III<br />
| Filters<br />
|<br />
| Crew Replenishment<br />
| Elevation Mechanism<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| IV<br />
| Transmission<br />
| Engine<br />
|<br />
| Artillery Support<br />
| Improved optics<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!--''Summarize and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - they have a substitution in the form of softer "inadequate", "effective".''--><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Powerful 106mm recoilless rifles<br />
* Insane top speed; can give the M18 Hellcat a run for its money<br />
* Resilient to machine gun fire from the front<br />
* Can swim<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Will be prioritized as a target by the enemy team due to its notoriety<br />
* Flips over very often<br />
* Thin armor<br />
* Can be destroyed simply by ramming it at top speed<br />
* Even LMG fire can destroy the engine from the rear<br />
* Takes time to aim gun due to the wobbly suspension, especially when stock<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!--''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ground vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article.''--><br />
In the early 1980s, the OTO Melara company developed a new armored car, called the OTO R 2.5 “Gorgona”. Investing heavily into research and development efforts, OTO Melara continued developing the design into a “Special Task Vehicle” as part of a private venture.<br />
<br />
The resulting OTO R3, nicknamed in production as “Capraia” was first shown off at the Italian Naval Exhibition in Genoa in 1982. The new vehicle received increased armor protection around its body, protecting the crew from rifle caliber fire and shrapnel. Furthermore, the vehicle could be armed with various weaponry, ranging from MGs, over cannons to ATGMs, depending on the version.<br />
<br />
Despite their very promising and versatile design, this family of combat vehicles were only built and used in very limited numbers.<br />
<br />
''- From [[wt:en/news/5977-development-oto-r3-t106-double-barrel-mayhem-en|Devblog]]''<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=italy&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=light_tank&vehicle=it_oto_r3_106sr Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|7H5iB4U4xic|'''The Shooting Range #138''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:35 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|RGeu2yLGeTU|'''Best armored cars''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 2:14 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!--''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on tank;''<br />
* ''other literature.''--><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/news/5977-development-oto-r3-t106-double-barrel-mayhem-en|[Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> OTO R3 T106: Double Barrel Mayhem]]<br />
<br />
{{Italy light tanks}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Ikv_103&diff=64763Ikv 1032020-07-28T16:23:32Z<p>U7665380: /* General info */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card|code=sw_ikv_103}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]<br />
{{Break}}<br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]].<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
<!-- Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour. --><br />
The armour of the Ikv 103 is between 18.5mm to 5mm of thickness. This armour shouldn’t be considered as survivable since every round you face will most likely penetrate and destroy most of what’s left inside the tank. The thin side-armour has the occasional ability to result in overpenetration, but any frontal attack usually has enough force to activate most shell fuses. The tank is also incredibly weak against chemical rounds and aerial attacks due to the hull break featured on the vehicle. It is heavily recommended to avoid any form of damage since even artillery fire has the possibility of guaranteed destruction. Due to this low survivability, taking the maximum amount of ammunition isn’t something to frown upon. Thanks to the short length of the round, as well as compact storage, ammunition explosions are quite rare.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 190|rbMinHp= 133}}The Ikv 103 sports a good engine with a fairly high RPM giving it a lot of torque for climbing a lot of obstacles and average terrain. Although the top speed never exceeds 50, the Ikv 103 cruises comfortably around 40-45 kph on a straight line and 25-35 kph on an uneven terrain, depending on the driving level and modules unlocked, no matter the surface below it. The vehicle finds no issue traversing snowy and sandy terrain thanks to the low weight and good track surface, but struggles in deep waters due to the low chassis it sports. The reverse rate of the Ikv 103 is also quite good at 11 kph. Even if this speed can’t hold a candle to the regular speed the 103 has, the reverse rate is still enough to safely peek over hills and reverse back into cover before getting fired upon.<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
<!-- Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: {{main|Name of the weapon}}. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Advise about how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage. --><br />
{{main|kan Ikv (105 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The Ikv 103 is outfitted with a 105mm cannon firing heavy shells with a reload of 10 or 13 seconds depending on crew qualifications. This cannon is unusually short for its caliber, firing heavy shells with low-velocity. Although the early Psgr m/49 lacks significant penetration and post-penetration damage, the later Slpsgr m/65 HEAT-FS round packs up to 400mm of penetration, easily penetrating anything it sees with devastating results. This later shell features a higher velocity than the previous round, as well as more explosive filler making the post-penetration much deadlier than before. The gun is aimed manually without the help of electrical equipment, results in a slow traverse rate. At maximum, the gun traverses at 8° per second, resulting in many deaths at closer ranges. This makes the gun most effective at medium ranges, where the traverse is ideal, and the shell velocity isn’t crucial. It should be noted that the incredible gun depression allows the Ikv 103 to fire from extreme angles allowing it to safely engage targets without the risk of overexposing the tank, something which becomes incredibly useful to increase the vehicles survivability.<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB). --><br />
The Ikv 103 is a nimble vehicle with a small silhouette compared to its peers. The lightweight and powerful gun set it apart from other vehicles at the battle rating. The general playstyle can be compared to the Jpz 4-5 found in the German tech tree. This playstyle is a more aggressive spin on tank destroying than usual, where the vehicle has to make use of positioning rather than frontal survivability. The Ikv 103 can’t use common sniping locations very effectively since any form of enemy retaliation will destroy the vehicle completely. Instead, the 103 needs to drive full speed to various locations where enemies are unlikely to expect danger. Although this playstyle requires a lot of map knowledge, the reward is quite high for a successful flank, thanks to the devastating cannon the Ikv 103 carries. Thanks to the light vehicle weight and strong engine, the Ikv 103 is also able to climb a lot of obstacles, something that helps a lot when fighting on bad terrain. However, maps that lack terrain entirely cripple the 103’s performance quite significantly, since the tank cannot hide, resulting in a lot of face-to-face engagements, which the Ikv 103 almost always lose.<br />
<br />
=== Modules ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Tier<br />
! colspan="2" |Mobility<br />
!Protection<br />
! colspan="2" |Firepower<br />
|-<br />
|I<br />
|Tracks<br />
|<br />
|Parts<br />
|Horizontal Drive<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|II<br />
|Suspension<br />
|Brake System<br />
|FPE<br />
|Adjustment of Fire<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|III<br />
|Filters<br />
|<br />
|Crew Replenishment<br />
|Elevation Mechanism<br />
|rökgr m/49<br />
|-<br />
|IV<br />
|Transmission<br />
|Engine<br />
|<br />
|slpsgr m/65<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Excellent HEAT round for its rank, able to penetrate the upper glacis plate of the Tiger II<br />
* Above average mobility, able to secure crucial positions or even flank the enemy<br />
* Neutral steering<br />
* Able to hull-break light vehicles<br />
* Small silhouette<br />
* Incredible gun depression<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Poor armor, sides able to be penetrated by heavy machine guns, and even rifle caliber bullets behind the tracks<br />
* Has hull-break<br />
* No MG to destroy light fences that can fuze your HEAT shells<br />
* Slow gun traverse, makes aiming in CQB or moving target harder<br />
* Vehicle reverses slightly when firing, forcing you to reacquire range of target after every shot<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
<br />
The [[Ikv 72|Infanterikanonvagn 72]] was a project started in 1949 by Sweden for an assault gun. The intended role of this vehicle was to support the infantry in the attack, replacing towed artillery guns. The design was to be small, and of light weight, around 6 tons. This was to reduce costs so a larger amount could be produced. The first prototype from Landsverk, completed in 1950, was armed only with three machine guns. This was insufficient, and it was re-armed with a 75 mm cannon, the same gun from the [[Strv m/42 EH|Strv m/42]]. It was a small, lightly armored vehicle, with a casemate superstructure housing the 75 mm gun. It had a crew of 4, and it was open topped. Starting in 1956, the Ikv 72 was upgraded to the Ikv 102 standard. This upgrade added an armored roof for the crew compartment and a 105 mm gun replaced the 75 mm gun. The Ikv 102, in turn, was upgraded to the Ikv 103 standard. The Ikv 103 featured an improved engine, the Volvo B42 engine. The air intake was moved to grills on the rear of the vehicle, instead of through the crew compartment.<br />
<br />
=== [[wt:en/news/6600-development-ikv-103-heat-mortar-en|Devblog]] ===<br />
In 1949, the procurement division of the Swedish army placed an order for the development of a light assault self-propelled gun to substitute the [[Sav m/43 (1946)|Sav m/43]] SPG. Three companies took on the work: AB Landsverk took on the development of the platform, Volvo was responsible for the powertrain, and Bofors for the armament. In fact, three versions of the vehicle for different purposes were planned at first: one with a 75 mm cannon, a machine-gun-equipped modification, and also a special one that was intended for the deployment of specific weaponry, such as flamethrowers and rocket launchers. Thus, a light (merely eight tonnes in all), tracked infantry-support vehicle was produced, with an open cabin and bulletproof armour. <br />
<br />
In 1952, a cannon-equipped version, under the designation the Ikv 72 (short for “infanterikanonvagn”, meaning “cannon-equipped infantry-support vehicle” in Swedish), was put into service. A little later, the SPG’s were re-equipped with 105 mm howitzers and the cabin was retrofitted with a roof, which could protect the crew from bullets and shrapnel. This modification received the designation Ikv 102. Meanwhile, the Swedish army ordered another series of the vehicle with an upgraded chassis to allow installation of a new air-cooled engine, while the gun and the armour remained the same as the Ikv 102’s. This new version was designated Ikv 103. The Ikv 102 and 103 SPGs remained in use by the Swedish army until the mid-1970s, when they were replaced with the [[Ikv 91]] SPG.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos. --><br />
{{Youtube-gallery|YdRN17QiW1M|"400mm PEN HEAT" - "PhlyDaily"}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== Bibliography ==<br />
<br />
** GlobalSecurity.org. (n.d.). Infanterikanonvagn 72 / 102 / 103. GlobalSecurity.org. https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/ikv-72.htm<br />
** Infanterikanonvagn 72. (2020, May 14). In ''Wikipedia''. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Infanterikanonvagn_72&oldid=956568359<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!--Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''<br />
* ''other literature.''--><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/news/6600-development-ikv-103-heat-mortar-en|[Devblog] Ikv 103: HEAT mortar]]<br />
<br />
{{Sweden tank destroyers}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Ikv_103&diff=64762Ikv 1032020-07-28T16:14:59Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card|code=sw_ikv_103}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]<br />
{{Break}}<br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]].<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
<!-- Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour. --><br />
The armour of the Ikv 103 is between 18.5mm to 5mm of thickness. This armour shouldn’t be considered as survivable since every round you face will most likely penetrate and destroy most of what’s left inside the tank. The thin side-armour has the occasional ability to result in overpenetration, but any frontal attack usually has enough force to activate most shell fuses. The tank is also incredibly weak against chemical rounds and aerial attacks due to the hull break featured on the vehicle. It is heavily recommended to avoid any form of damage since even artillery fire has the possibility of guaranteed destruction. Due to this low survivability, taking the maximum amount of ammunition isn’t something to frown upon. Thanks to the short length of the round, as well as compact storage, ammunition explosions are quite rare.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 190|rbMinHp= 133}}The Ikv 103 sports a good engine with a fairly high RPM giving it a lot of torque for climbing a lot of obstacles and average terrain. Although the top speed never exceeds 50, the Ikv 103 cruises comfortably around 40-45 kph no matter the surface below it. The vehicle finds no issue traversing snowy and sandy terrain thanks to the low weight and good track surface, but struggles in deep waters due to the low chassis it sports. The reverse rate of the Ikv 103 is also quite good at 11 kph. Even if this speed can’t hold a candle to the regular speed the 103 has, the reverse rate is still enough to safely peek over hills and reverse back into cover before getting fired upon.<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
<!-- Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: {{main|Name of the weapon}}. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Advise about how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage. --><br />
{{main|kan Ikv (105 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The Ikv 103 is outfitted with a 105mm cannon firing heavy shells with a reload of 10 or 13 seconds depending on crew qualifications. This cannon is unusually short for its caliber, firing heavy shells with low-velocity. Although the early Psgr m/49 lacks significant penetration and post-penetration damage, the later Slpsgr m/65 HEAT-FS round packs up to 400mm of penetration, easily penetrating anything it sees with devastating results. This later shell features a higher velocity than the previous round, as well as more explosive filler making the post-penetration much deadlier than before. The gun is aimed manually without the help of electrical equipment, results in a slow traverse rate. At maximum, the gun traverses at 8° per second, resulting in many deaths at closer ranges. This makes the gun most effective at medium ranges, where the traverse is ideal, and the shell velocity isn’t crucial. It should be noted that the incredible gun depression allows the Ikv 103 to fire from extreme angles allowing it to safely engage targets without the risk of overexposing the tank, something which becomes incredibly useful to increase the vehicles survivability.<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB). --><br />
The Ikv 103 is a nimble vehicle with a small silhouette compared to its peers. The lightweight and powerful gun set it apart from other vehicles at the battle rating. The general playstyle can be compared to the Jpz 4-5 found in the German tech tree. This playstyle is a more aggressive spin on tank destroying than usual, where the vehicle has to make use of positioning rather than frontal survivability. The Ikv 103 can’t use common sniping locations very effectively since any form of enemy retaliation will destroy the vehicle completely. Instead, the 103 needs to drive full speed to various locations where enemies are unlikely to expect danger. Although this playstyle requires a lot of map knowledge, the reward is quite high for a successful flank, thanks to the devastating cannon the Ikv 103 carries. Thanks to the light vehicle weight and strong engine, the Ikv 103 is also able to climb a lot of obstacles, something that helps a lot when fighting on bad terrain. However, maps that lack terrain entirely cripple the 103’s performance quite significantly, since the tank cannot hide, resulting in a lot of face-to-face engagements, which the Ikv 103 almost always lose.<br />
<br />
=== Modules ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Tier<br />
! colspan="2" |Mobility<br />
!Protection<br />
! colspan="2" |Firepower<br />
|-<br />
|I<br />
|Tracks<br />
|<br />
|Parts<br />
|Horizontal Drive<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|II<br />
|Suspension<br />
|Brake System<br />
|FPE<br />
|Adjustment of Fire<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|III<br />
|Filters<br />
|<br />
|Crew Replenishment<br />
|Elevation Mechanism<br />
|rökgr m/49<br />
|-<br />
|IV<br />
|Transmission<br />
|Engine<br />
|<br />
|slpsgr m/65<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Excellent HEAT round for its rank, able to penetrate the upper glacis plate of the Tiger II<br />
* Above average mobility, able to secure crucial positions or even flank the enemy<br />
* Neutral steering<br />
* Able to hull-break light vehicles<br />
* Small silhouette<br />
* Incredible gun depression<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Poor armor, sides able to be penetrated by heavy machine guns, and even rifle caliber bullets behind the tracks<br />
* Has hull-break<br />
* No MG to destroy light fences that can fuze your HEAT shells<br />
* Slow gun traverse, makes aiming in CQB or moving target harder<br />
* Vehicle reverses slightly when firing, forcing you to reacquire range of target after every shot<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
<br />
The [[Ikv 72|Infanterikanonvagn 72]] was a project started in 1949 by Sweden for an assault gun. The intended role of this vehicle was to support the infantry in the attack, replacing towed artillery guns. The design was to be small, and of light weight, around 6 tons. This was to reduce costs so a larger amount could be produced. The first prototype from Landsverk, completed in 1950, was armed only with three machine guns. This was insufficient, and it was re-armed with a 75 mm cannon, the same gun from the [[Strv m/42 EH|Strv m/42]]. It was a small, lightly armored vehicle, with a casemate superstructure housing the 75 mm gun. It had a crew of 4, and it was open topped. Starting in 1956, the Ikv 72 was upgraded to the Ikv 102 standard. This upgrade added an armored roof for the crew compartment and a 105 mm gun replaced the 75 mm gun. The Ikv 102, in turn, was upgraded to the Ikv 103 standard. The Ikv 103 featured an improved engine, the Volvo B42 engine. The air intake was moved to grills on the rear of the vehicle, instead of through the crew compartment.<br />
<br />
=== [[wt:en/news/6600-development-ikv-103-heat-mortar-en|Devblog]] ===<br />
In 1949, the procurement division of the Swedish army placed an order for the development of a light assault self-propelled gun to substitute the [[Sav m/43 (1946)|Sav m/43]] SPG. Three companies took on the work: AB Landsverk took on the development of the platform, Volvo was responsible for the powertrain, and Bofors for the armament. In fact, three versions of the vehicle for different purposes were planned at first: one with a 75 mm cannon, a machine-gun-equipped modification, and also a special one that was intended for the deployment of specific weaponry, such as flamethrowers and rocket launchers. Thus, a light (merely eight tonnes in all), tracked infantry-support vehicle was produced, with an open cabin and bulletproof armour. <br />
<br />
In 1952, a cannon-equipped version, under the designation the Ikv 72 (short for “infanterikanonvagn”, meaning “cannon-equipped infantry-support vehicle” in Swedish), was put into service. A little later, the SPG’s were re-equipped with 105 mm howitzers and the cabin was retrofitted with a roof, which could protect the crew from bullets and shrapnel. This modification received the designation Ikv 102. Meanwhile, the Swedish army ordered another series of the vehicle with an upgraded chassis to allow installation of a new air-cooled engine, while the gun and the armour remained the same as the Ikv 102’s. This new version was designated Ikv 103. The Ikv 102 and 103 SPGs remained in use by the Swedish army until the mid-1970s, when they were replaced with the [[Ikv 91]] SPG.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos. --><br />
{{Youtube-gallery|YdRN17QiW1M|"400mm PEN HEAT" - "PhlyDaily"}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== Bibliography ==<br />
<br />
** GlobalSecurity.org. (n.d.). Infanterikanonvagn 72 / 102 / 103. GlobalSecurity.org. https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/ikv-72.htm<br />
** Infanterikanonvagn 72. (2020, May 14). In ''Wikipedia''. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Infanterikanonvagn_72&oldid=956568359<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!--Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''<br />
* ''other literature.''--><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/news/6600-development-ikv-103-heat-mortar-en|[Devblog] Ikv 103: HEAT mortar]]<br />
<br />
{{Sweden tank destroyers}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=M42_(Italy)&diff=64667M42 (Italy)2020-07-27T14:07:56Z<p>U7665380: /* Usage in battles */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card|code=it_m15_42_contraereo}}<br />
{{About<br />
| about = Italian SPAA '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}'''<br />
| usage = other usages<br />
| link = M42 (Disambiguation)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]<br />
{{Break}}<br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (shortened as just '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''', also nicknamed "Quadruplo") is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian self-propelled anti-aircraft gun {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
The M42 Contraereo is based off the M15/42 hull with an opened top turret, surrounding the crew members. The gunner does have an exposed spot in the front, and if shown to the enemy, can be machine-gunned easily without them to have to fire their main cannon. The turret may protect you from small rifle-calibre bullets, but .50 calibre and up, especially on the M4 Sherman will be able to penetrate your turret from anywhere, as it is generally weak against them. The hull armour is decent, still keeping the armour from the M15/42 hull, but don't expect to tank a lot of shots, as most of your enemies will have better calibre weapons, mostly encountering 75 mm and Russian 76.2 mm cannons. You may be able to bounce some smaller calibre shells like the 37 mm cannons but don't rely on your hull armour as your turret will most likely be targeted by the enemy. You have a small crew count of 3 members, and with two in the turret, and having okay armour, you'll usually die in one hit.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=263|rbMinHp=164}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|Scotti-IF 20/70 mod.41 (20 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="6" | [[Scotti-IF 20/70 mod.41 (20 mm)|20 mm Scotti-IF 20/70 mod.41]] (x4) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 3,024 (12) || rowspan="2" | 600 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+90° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 52.8 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || rowspan="2" | 5.2 || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | 4.0<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 35.7 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
<br />
* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}<br />
* '''Granata mod.35:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}<br />
* '''Perforante mod.35:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}<br />
* '''PzGr 40:''' {{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belts<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Default || 38 || 36 || 27 || 19 || 14 || 10<br />
|-<br />
| Granata mod.35 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2<br />
|-<br />
| Perforante mod.35 || 38 || 36 || 27 || 19 || 14 || 10<br />
|-<br />
| PzGr 40 || 64 || 63 || 27 || 19 || 14 || 10<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Belt details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Granata mod.35 || HEFI-T || 830 || 0.135 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 3 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| Perforante mod.35 || API-T || 832 || 0.14 || 1.2 || 9.0 || 1.7 || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
<!-- [[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]] --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''252''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
In Realistic battles, the Quadruplo is best used in the support role when tank hunting, sticking with teammates, assisting them and potentially distracting the enemy. Your best bet of killing any tank, usually a Sherman, Cromwell or T-34, is from the side as the HVAP will pierce through their side armour, killing the tank. Light tanks such as M24s, Stuarts and Crusaders are able to be penetrated from the front, but usually this is only in close range engagements. T-50 and other slightly armoured light tanks will be tougher to kill, but you're still able to flank them. You can kill basically any SPAA you see, as you'll usually encounter trucks or armoured cars. Ambush and surprise tactics are good options to kill tanks effectively, as the enemy will stroll past you, usually showing their side armour. Aggressive play styles are suggested to get the most out of the Quadruplo, similar to playing a Wirbelwind when tank hunting. Try not to expose yourself too much and move from cover to cover, as one hit from a tank shell, usually APHE, will knock you out in one shot, or the machine guns pierce your turret armour and kill both your gunner and commander. When it comes to shooting down planes in the Quadruplo, it is best to get their attention so they try to strafe you, or surprise them as they come closer to you, when you have a good shot as they won't have enough reaction time to evade your shots if they connect. Be mindful that you are open-topped, and you're less likely to survive a strafe run. It should also be noted that shooting continuously will sway the hull back and forth, which will make your aim go up and down. Despite the guns having a high fire rate, and being close together, the Quadruplo has a lower ammo count per belt with 12 in each gun, having 48 loaded in total at any time (essentially a discount Wirbelwind). It is easy to burn through it, so make sure you have a good shot on the aircraft you are trying to shoot down as you'll only have about 3-4 seconds of continuous fire before needing to reload.<br />
<br />
=== Modules ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Tier<br />
! colspan="2" | Mobility<br />
! Protection<br />
! colspan="2" | Firepower<br />
|-<br />
| I<br />
| Tracks<br />
|<br />
| Parts<br />
| Horizontal Drive<br />
| Granata mod.35<br />
|-<br />
| II<br />
| Suspension<br />
| Brake System<br />
| FPE<br />
| Adjustment of Fire<br />
| Perforante mod.35<br />
|-<br />
| III<br />
| Filters<br />
|<br />
| Crew Replenishment<br />
| Elevation Mechanism<br />
| Smoke grenade<br />
|-<br />
| IV<br />
| Transmission<br />
| Engine<br />
|<br />
| Artillery Support<br />
| PzGr 40<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* PzGr 40 shells are great at penetrating tanks from the sides and knocking out modules<br />
* High mobility when spaded<br />
* Great armour for a SPAA<br />
* Guns have a very high rate of fire<br />
* Guns are placed very close together<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* PzGr 40 is tier IV modification<br />
* Performance is inadequate when stock<br />
* Gap in the gunner's position of the turret armour<br />
* Turret can be penetrated by .50 cals heavy machine guns<br />
* High rate of fire makes it more difficult to adjust fire against planes<br />
* 2 of 3 crew members crammed inside the turret<br />
* Low magazine count for the guns (12 rounds per belt)<br />
* Hull rocks back and forth when firing causing some rounds to miss<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
<br />
A prototype AA tank based on the M15/42 medium tank. The single prototype was captured by Germany upon Italy's surrender in September, 1943. Some sources have claimed it served as inspiration for the German Wirbelwind AA tank, which first saw service in mid-1944.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''<br />
* ''other literature.''<br />
<br />
{{Italy anti-aircraft vehicles}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=M42_(Italy)&diff=64661M42 (Italy)2020-07-27T13:52:38Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card|code=it_m15_42_contraereo}}<br />
{{About<br />
| about = Italian SPAA '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}'''<br />
| usage = other usages<br />
| link = M42 (Disambiguation)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]<br />
{{Break}}<br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (shortened as just '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''', also nicknamed "Quadruplo") is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian self-propelled anti-aircraft gun {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
The M42 Contraereo is based off the M15/42 hull with an opened top turret, surrounding the crew members. The gunner does have an exposed spot in the front, and if shown to the enemy, can be machine-gunned easily without them to have to fire their main cannon. The turret may protect you from small rifle-calibre bullets, but .50 calibre and up, especially on the M4 Sherman will be able to penetrate your turret from anywhere, as it is generally weak against them. The hull armour is decent, still keeping the armour from the M15/42 hull, but don't expect to tank a lot of shots, as most of your enemies will have better calibre weapons, mostly encountering 75 mm and Russian 76.2 mm cannons. You may be able to bounce some smaller calibre shells like the 37 mm cannons but don't rely on your hull armour as your turret will most likely be targeted by the enemy. You have a small crew count of 3 members, and with two in the turret, and having okay armour, you'll usually die in one hit.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=263|rbMinHp=164}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|Scotti-IF 20/70 mod.41 (20 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="6" | [[Scotti-IF 20/70 mod.41 (20 mm)|20 mm Scotti-IF 20/70 mod.41]] (x4) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 3,024 (12) || rowspan="2" | 600 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+90° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 52.8 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || rowspan="2" | 5.2 || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | 4.0<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 35.7 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
<br />
* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}<br />
* '''Granata mod.35:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}<br />
* '''Perforante mod.35:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}<br />
* '''PzGr 40:''' {{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belts<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Default || 38 || 36 || 27 || 19 || 14 || 10<br />
|-<br />
| Granata mod.35 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2<br />
|-<br />
| Perforante mod.35 || 38 || 36 || 27 || 19 || 14 || 10<br />
|-<br />
| PzGr 40 || 64 || 63 || 27 || 19 || 14 || 10<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Belt details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Granata mod.35 || HEFI-T || 830 || 0.135 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 3 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| Perforante mod.35 || API-T || 832 || 0.14 || 1.2 || 9.0 || 1.7 || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
<!-- [[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]] --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''252''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
In Realistic battles, the Quadruplo is best used in the support role when tank hunting, sticking with teammates, assisting them and potentially distracting the enemy. Your best bet of killing any tank, usually a Sherman, Cromwell or T-34, is from the side as the HVAP will pierce through their side armour, killing the tank. Light tanks such as M24s, Stuarts and Crusaders are able to be penetrated from the front, but usually this is only in close range engagements. T-50 and other slightly armoured light tanks will be tougher to kill, but you're still able to flank them. You can kill basically any SPAA you see, as you'll usually encounter trucks or armoured cars. Ambush and surprise tactics are good options to kill tanks effectively, as the enemy will stroll past you, usually showing their side armour. Aggressive play styles are suggested to get the most out of the Quadruplo, similar to playing a Wirbelwind when tank hunting. Try not to expose yourself too much and move from cover to cover, as one hit from a tank shell, usually APHE, will knock you out in one shot, or the machine guns pierce your turret armour and kill both your gunner and commander. When it comes to shooting down planes in the Quadruplo, it is best to get their attention so they try to strafe you, or surprise them as they come closer to you, when you have a good shot as they won't have enough reaction time to evade your shots if they connect. Be mindful that you are open-topped, and you're less likely to survive a strafe run. Despite the guns having a high fire rate, and being close together, the Quadruplo has a lower ammo count per belt with 12 in each gun, having 48 loaded in total at any time (essentially a discount Wirbelwind). It is easy to burn through it, so make sure you have a good shot on the aircraft you are trying to shoot down as you'll only have about 3-4 seconds of continuous fire before needing to reload.<br />
<br />
=== Modules ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Tier<br />
! colspan="2" | Mobility<br />
! Protection<br />
! colspan="2" | Firepower<br />
|-<br />
| I<br />
| Tracks<br />
|<br />
| Parts<br />
| Horizontal Drive<br />
| Granata mod.35<br />
|-<br />
| II<br />
| Suspension<br />
| Brake System<br />
| FPE<br />
| Adjustment of Fire<br />
| Perforante mod.35<br />
|-<br />
| III<br />
| Filters<br />
|<br />
| Crew Replenishment<br />
| Elevation Mechanism<br />
| Smoke grenade<br />
|-<br />
| IV<br />
| Transmission<br />
| Engine<br />
|<br />
| Artillery Support<br />
| PzGr 40<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* PzGr 40 shells are great at penetrating tanks from the sides and knocking out modules<br />
* High mobility when spaded<br />
* Great armour for a SPAA<br />
* Guns have a very high rate of fire<br />
* Guns are placed very close together<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* PzGr 40 is tier IV modification<br />
* Performance is inadequate when stock<br />
* Gap in the gunner's position of the turret armour<br />
* Turret can be penetrated by .50 cals heavy machine guns<br />
* High rate of fire makes it more difficult to adjust fire against planes<br />
* 2 of 3 crew members crammed inside the turret<br />
* Low magazine count for the guns (12 rounds per belt)<br />
* Hull rocks back and forth when firing causing some rounds to miss<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
<br />
A prototype AA tank based on the M15/42 medium tank. The single prototype was captured by Germany upon Italy's surrender in September, 1943. Some sources have claimed it served as inspiration for the German Wirbelwind AA tank, which first saw service in mid-1944.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''<br />
* ''other literature.''<br />
<br />
{{Italy anti-aircraft vehicles}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=M42_(Italy)&diff=64657M42 (Italy)2020-07-27T13:36:40Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card|code=it_m15_42_contraereo}}<br />
{{About<br />
| about = Italian SPAA '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}'''<br />
| usage = other usages<br />
| link = M42 (Disambiguation)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]<br />
{{Break}}<br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (shortened as just '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''', also nicknamed "Quadruplo") is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian self-propelled anti-aircraft gun {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
The M42 Contraereo is based off the M15/42 hull with an opened top turret, surrounding the crew members. The gunner does have an exposed spot in the front, and if shown to the enemy, can be machine-gunned easily without them to have to fire their main cannon. The turret may protect you from small rifle-calibre bullets, but .50 calibre and up, especially on the M4 Sherman will be able to penetrate your turret from anywhere, as it is generally weak against them. The hull armour is decent, still keeping the armour from the M15/42 hull, but don't expect to tank a lot of shots, as most of your enemies will have better calibre weapons, mostly encountering 75 mm and Russian 76.2 mm cannons. You may be able to bounce some smaller calibre shells like the 37 mm cannons but don't rely on your hull armour as your turret will most likely be targeted by the enemy. You have a small crew count of 3 members, and with two in the turret, and having okay armour, you'll usually die in one hit.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=263|rbMinHp=164}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|Scotti-IF 20/70 mod.41 (20 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="6" | [[Scotti-IF 20/70 mod.41 (20 mm)|20 mm Scotti-IF 20/70 mod.41]] (x4) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 3,024 (12) || rowspan="2" | 600 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+90° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 52.8 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || rowspan="2" | 5.2 || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | 4.0<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 35.7 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
<br />
* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}<br />
* '''Granata mod.35:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}<br />
* '''Perforante mod.35:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}<br />
* '''PzGr 40:''' {{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belts<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Default || 38 || 36 || 27 || 19 || 14 || 10<br />
|-<br />
| Granata mod.35 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2<br />
|-<br />
| Perforante mod.35 || 38 || 36 || 27 || 19 || 14 || 10<br />
|-<br />
| PzGr 40 || 64 || 63 || 27 || 19 || 14 || 10<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Belt details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Granata mod.35 || HEFI-T || 830 || 0.135 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 3 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| Perforante mod.35 || API-T || 832 || 0.14 || 1.2 || 9.0 || 1.7 || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
<!-- [[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]] --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''252''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
In Realistic battles, the Quadruplo is best used in the support role when tank hunting, sticking with teammates, assisting them and potentially distracting the enemy. Your best bet of killing any tank, usually a Sherman, Cromwell or T-34, is from the side as the HVAP will pierce through their side armour, killing the tank. Light tanks such as M24s, Stuarts and Crusaders are able to be penetrated from the front, but usually this is only in close range engagements. T-50 and other slightly armoured light tanks will be tougher to kill, but you're still able to flank them. You can kill basically any SPAA you see, as you'll usually encounter trucks or armoured cars. Ambush and surprise tactics are good options to kill tanks effectively, as the enemy will stroll past you, usually showing their side armour. Aggressive play styles are suggested to get the most out of the Quadruplo, similar to playing a Wirbelwind when tank hunting. Try not to expose yourself too much and move from cover to cover, as one hit from a tank shell, usually APHE, will knock you out in one shot, or the machine guns pierce your turret armour and kill both your gunner and commander. When it comes to shooting down planes in the Quadruplo, it is best to get their attention so they try to strafe you, or surprise them as they come closer to you, when you have a good shot as they won't have enough reaction time to evade your shots if they connect. Be mindful that you are open-topped, and you're less likely to survive a strafe run. Despite the guns having a high fire rate, and being close together, the Quadruplo has a lower ammo count per belt with 12 in each gun, having 48 loaded in total at any time (essentially a discount Wirbelwind). It is easy to burn through it, so make sure you have a good shot on the aircraft you are trying to shoot down as you'll only have about 3-4 seconds of continuous fire before needing to reload.<br />
<br />
=== Modules ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Tier<br />
! colspan="2" | Mobility<br />
! Protection<br />
! colspan="2" | Firepower<br />
|-<br />
| I<br />
| Tracks<br />
|<br />
| Parts<br />
| Horizontal Drive<br />
| Granata mod.35<br />
|-<br />
| II<br />
| Suspension<br />
| Brake System<br />
| FPE<br />
| Adjustment of Fire<br />
| Perforante mod.35<br />
|-<br />
| III<br />
| Filters<br />
|<br />
| Crew Replenishment<br />
| Elevation Mechanism<br />
| Smoke grenade<br />
|-<br />
| IV<br />
| Transmission<br />
| Engine<br />
|<br />
| Artillery Support<br />
| PzGr 40<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* PzGr 40 shells are great at penetrating tanks from the sides and knocking out modules<br />
* High mobility when spaded<br />
* Great armour for a SPAA<br />
* Guns have a very high rate of fire<br />
* Guns are placed very close together<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* PzGr 40 is tier IV modification<br />
* Performance is inadequate when stock<br />
* Gap in the gunner's position of the turret armour<br />
* Turret can be penetrated by .50 cals heavy machine guns<br />
* High rate of fire makes it more difficult to adjust fire against planes<br />
* 3 crew members, all in turret<br />
* Low magazine count for the guns (12 rounds per belt)<br />
* Hull rocks back and forth when firing causing some rounds to miss<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
<br />
A prototype AA tank based on the M15/42 medium tank. The single prototype was captured by Germany upon Italy's surrender in September, 1943. Some sources have claimed it served as inspiration for the German Wirbelwind AA tank, which first saw service in mid-1944.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''<br />
* ''other literature.''<br />
<br />
{{Italy anti-aircraft vehicles}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Chi-Ri_II&diff=64537Chi-Ri II2020-07-25T16:20:38Z<p>U7665380: /* Usage in the battles */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card|code=jp_type_5_chi_ri}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!--''In the description, the first part needs to be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert the screenshot of the vehicle. If the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, they will immediately understand what kind of vehicle it is talking about.''--><br />
[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]<br />
{{break}}<br />
The '''{{specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{specs|rank}} Japanese medium tank {{Battle-rating|1}}. It was introduced along with the initial Japanese Ground Forces tree in [[Update 1.65 "Way of the Samurai"]]. It's armed with a [[Type II Model I (75 mm)|Type II Model I 75 mm cannon]] and is the first tank in the game to feature a fully functional auto-loader for full-size tank guns, giving it a two round capacity.<br />
<br />
The Chi-Ri II is quite a unique tank to use in the game, presenting its own set of intriguing features as well as faults. On one hand, the Chi-Ri II has an auto-loading high-penetrating 75 mm gun that allows it to two shots in rapid succession. However, the tank's very large size and relatively thin, flat armor means it must be played very carefully.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
<!--''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpfull for survival in combat?''<br />
<br />
''If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''--><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour<br />
* Cast homogeneous armour (Recoil tube, Gun mantlet)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 75 mm (15°) ''Front plate'' <br> 20 mm (81°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 75 mm (9°) ''Joint plate'' <br> 35 mm (59°) ''Lower glacis''|| 35 mm (18°) ''Top'' <br> 35 mm ''Bottom'' || 35 mm ''Top'' <br> 20 mm (38°) ''Bottom'' || 20 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 75 mm (15°) ''Turret front'' <br> 50 mm (10°) ''Inner gun mantlet'' <br> 20-75 mm (10-15°) ''Outer gun mantlet'' || 50 mm (15°) || 50 mm || 20 mm<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Cupola || 75 mm || 20 mm<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels and bogies are 15 mm thick while tracks are 20 mm thick.<br />
* Small parts of the suspension on the hull sides give 10 mm thick protection at their area.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 852|rbMinHp= 486}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
<!--''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibilty of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''--><br />
{{main|Type II Model I (75 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="6" | [[Type II Model I (75 mm)|75 mm Type II Model I]]<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity<br />
! rowspan="1" | Vertical <br> guidance<br />
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal <br> guidance<br />
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="3" | 100 || -10°/+20° || ±180° || N/A<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:4em" |Mode<br />
! style="width:4em" |Stock<br />
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded<br />
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew<br />
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.<br />
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.<br />
|-<br />
| ''Arcade'' || 5.5 || 7.6 || 14.7 || 16.3 || __.__<br />
|-<br />
| ''Realistic'' || 5.5 || 6.4 || 7.8 || 8.6 || __.__<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock<br />
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew<br />
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.<br />
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.<br />
|-<br />
| 4.2 || 3.8 || 3.5 || __.__<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===== Ammunition =====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of <br /> warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10m<br />
! 100m<br />
! 500m<br />
! 1000m<br />
! 1500m<br />
! 2000m<br />
|-<br />
| Type 1 APHE || APHE || 137 || 133 || 120 || 102 || 89 || 78<br />
|-<br />
| Type 4 Kou || APHE || 157 || 155 || 142 || 124 || 111 || 105<br />
|-<br />
| Type 90 HE || HE || 8 || 8 || 8 || 8 || 8 || 8<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="11" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of <br /> warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" |Velocity <br /> in m/s<br />
! rowspan="2" |Projectile<br />Mass in kg<br />
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''<br />
''in m:''<br />
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''<br />
''in mm:''<br />
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g<br /> (TNT equivalent):''<br />
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° <br> from horizontal:''<br />
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''<br />
|-<br />
! 0%<br />
! 50%<br />
! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Type 1 APHE || APHE || 865 || 6.6 || 1.3 || 15 || 67.84 || ° || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| Type 4 Kou || APHE || 865 || 6.8 || 1.2 || 14 || 80.64 || ° || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| Type 90 HE || HE || 830 || 6.2 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 490 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====<br />
'''Last updated: 1.77.2.73'''<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the Chi-Ri II.]]<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full<br />ammo<br />
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st<br />rack empty<br />
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd<br />rack empty<br />
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd<br />rack empty<br />
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th<br />rack empty<br />
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th<br />rack empty<br />
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th<br />rack empty<br />
! class="wikitable unsortable" |7th<br />rack empty<br />
! class="wikitable unsortable" |8th<br />rack empty<br />
! class="wikitable unsortable" |9th<br />rack empty<br />
! class="wikitable unsortable" |10th<br />rack empty<br />
! class="wikitable unsortable" |11th<br />rack empty<br />
! class="wikitable unsortable" width="10%" |Comments<br />
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual<br />discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:right" | '''100''' || 97&nbsp;''(+3)'' || 88&nbsp;''(+12)'' || 79&nbsp;''(+21)'' || 70&nbsp;''(+30)'' || 59&nbsp;''(+41)'' || 48&nbsp;''(+52)'' || 37&nbsp;''(+63)'' || 26&nbsp;''(+74)'' || 18&nbsp;''(+82)'' || 9&nbsp;''(+91)'' || 0&nbsp;''(+100)'' || style="text-align:center" | Yes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
First ''main'' ammo rack will replenish when not reloading<br />
<br />
Hull sides empty: 76&nbsp;''(+24)''<br />
<br />
=== Additional armament ===<br />
<!--''Some tanks are armed with several guns in one or more turrets. Evaluate the additional weaponry and give advice on its use. Describe the ammunition available for additional weaponry. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage. If there is no additional weaponry remove this subsection.''--><br />
{{main|Type 1 (37 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="6" | [[Type 1 (37 mm)|37 mm Type 1]]<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="6" | ''Hull mount''<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity<br />
! rowspan="1" | Vertical <br> guidance<br />
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal <br> guidance<br />
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="3" | 120 || -8°/+17° || ±10° || N/A<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock<br />
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew<br />
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert Qualif.<br />
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace Qualif.<br />
|-<br />
| __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===== Ammunition =====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of <br /> warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10m<br />
! 100m<br />
! 500m<br />
! 1000m<br />
! 1500m<br />
! 2000m<br />
|-<br />
| Type 94 APHE || APHE || 55 || 50 || 34 || 25 || 2 || 2<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="11" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of <br /> warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" |Velocity <br /> in m/s<br />
! rowspan="2" |Projectile<br />Mass in kg<br />
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''<br />
''in m:''<br />
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''<br />
''in mm:''<br />
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g<br /> (TNT equivalent):''<br />
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° <br> from horizontal:''<br />
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''<br />
|-<br />
! 0%<br />
! 50%<br />
! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Type 94 APHE || APHE || 700 || 0.67 || 1.3 || 15 || 13 || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====<br />
'''Last updated: 1.77.2.73'''<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full<br />ammo<br />
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st<br />rack empty<br />
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd<br />rack empty<br />
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd<br />rack empty<br />
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th<br />rack empty<br />
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th<br />rack empty<br />
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th<br />rack empty<br />
! class="wikitable unsortable" |7th<br />rack empty<br />
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual<br />discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''120''' || 110&nbsp;''(+10)'' || 100&nbsp;''(+20)'' || 80&nbsp;''(+40)'' || 60&nbsp;''(+60)'' || 40&nbsp;''(+80)'' || 20&nbsp;''(+100)'' || 0&nbsp;''(+120)'' || Yes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Minimum secondary: 20&nbsp;''(+100)''<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
<!--''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft, but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''--><br />
{{main|Type 97 tank (7.7 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="7" | [[Type 97 tank (7.7 mm)|7.7 mm Type 97]]<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="7" | ''Hull mount''<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)<br />
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate <br> (shots/minute)<br />
! rowspan="1" | Vertical <br> guidance<br />
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal <br> guidance<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="4" | 3,000 (20) || 499 || -8°/+17° || ±10°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in the battles ==<br />
<!--''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''--><br />
The best play style with the Chi-Ri II is a conservative one, a strategy equally applicable to its predecessor the [[Chi-To|Chi-To]]. One should lay a far distance from the enemy, using the high-velocity 75 mm gun in a sniping role than a close support. When an enemy appears, fire upon them, and the auto-loader allows for some mistakes as the next burst round is available in about a second for a follow-up shot. Once the three shots are expended, one has the option of either retreating back into cover to allow the autoloader to refill back with its three shells, or simply wait for the gun to reload one shell and fire. The latter option is viable due to the Chi-Ri's good reload speed even without the autoloader. The decent gun depression of -10° allows the Chi-Ri to exploit hull-down positions to maximize cover, so use that to gain a battlefield advantage.<br />
<br />
Another play style is a close-quarter ones, going against everything the paragraph above suggests. The three-round capacity of the auto-loader means the Chi-Ri has some decent close-range firepower to use if it can catch a group of enemies unawares from the sides or rear. The Chi-Ri's decent mobility, especially for its huge size, helps with that. Being able to fire two rapid shots of high-damaging 75 mm shell can allow the Chi-Ri to effectively neutralize in a record time before they have time to react. After those shots, the Chi-Ri can either wait in cover and reload the shells, or just fire each shell as its reloaded. However, the tank is always vulnerable to being spotted and surprised due to its massive profile, very weak armor and slow turret traverse. Furthermore, actually reloading the autoloader takes far longer than firing them off. As such, it's easily gunned down then if not supported by friendly tanks.<br />
<br />
One last thing to note is the secondary 37 mm hull gun. This often doesn't get much use, as it only has 46mm of penetration point-blank, making it useless against the majority of the Chi-Ri's opponents. The gun also can't be used to range the 75mm main cannon due to having a very different trajectory. Furthermore, the crew member in charge of the gun is the first to be relocated in case another crew member is knocked out, rendering it unusable unless one gets the chance to get more crew at an objective. However, the 37mm still has its uses against very thinly-armored opponents such as Hellcats, the turrets of AA vehicles, and the sides of mediums at close enough range. In addition, it can also be used to trick opponents into thinking that the Chi-Ri has already fired all of its shells, causing them to expose themselves and be vulnerable to return fire.<br />
<br />
At this stage, most medium, heavy tanks, and tank destroyer can penetrate the Chi-Ri's armour with ease. Take caution on the battlefield.<br />
<br />
At BR 5.0, the Chi-Ri starts to face some tanks that are quite resistant to its 75 mm cannon, namely the [[Tiger H1|Tiger H1]] and [[IS-1]] heavy tanks. While the Type 4 Kou shell has fantastic post-penetration damage thanks to its high explosive filler, it only has 157mm of penetration. While this is enough to go through these tanks' weak spots, taking the time to aim for them is disadvantageous in a "shoot first, aim later" type of engagement. Meanwhile, Tigers, IS-1s, and Panthers can take out the Chi-Ri out with ease due to the Chi-Ri's thin armor and massive profile. Thus, it is best to pounce on and surprise enemy tanks rather than face them in a frontal duel, catch them by their sides and blow up their interior. The same strategies in place for using the Chi-To Late to deal with the horrors of 5.0 should be implemented with the Chi-Ri.<br />
===Modules===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Tier<br />
! colspan="2" |Mobility<br />
!Protection<br />
! colspan="2" |Firepower<br />
|-<br />
|I<br />
|Tracks||<br />
|Parts<br />
|Horizontal Drive<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|II<br />
|Suspension||Brake System<br />
|FPE<br />
|Adjustment of Fire<br />
|Type 4 Kou<br />
|-<br />
|III<br />
|Filters||<br />
|Crew Replenishment<br />
|Elevation Mechanism<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|IV<br />
|Transmission||Engine<br />
|<br />
|Artillery Support<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!--''Summarize and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Do not use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - they have a substitution in the form of softer "inadequate", "effective".''--><br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* 3.3 second reload between each shell in the autoloader with a fully trained crew<br />
* First Stage Ammo Storage enables the tank to reload in less then 6 seconds even when the auto-loader is empty<br />
* With the First Stage Ammo Storage mechanic, the auto-loader is reloaded when not firing the gun<br />
* Exceptional burst damage potential<br />
* Shell performance similar to the [[T-34-85|T-34-85's]] [[D-5T (85 mm)|85 mm]]<br />
* Very competitive gun depression (-10°)<br />
* Secondary 37 mm armament allows for engaging weaker enemy without wasting 75 mm shells, and can be used to trick inattentive enemy players into thinking the main gun has fired<br />
* Decent mobility, even with stock engine<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* With the First Stage Ammo Storage mechanic, the 4 ammo racks in the back of the turret will be the last to be depleted, increasing the chance of ammo racking<br />
* Actually reloading the autoloader takes a very long time<br />
* Learning curve to use tank properly is worse than the [[M3 Lee|M3 Mediums]]<br />
* Massive profile<br />
* Abysmal hull turn time<br />
* Unimpressive turret traverse speed<br />
* Thin, poorly sloped armour all around<br />
* Angled hull front cheek sections make armour angling useless<br />
* 37 mm can only aim forwards and is very weak for Rank 3<br />
* Average accuracy<br />
* Maximum of 157 mm of penetration with the best shell, can have trouble penetrating same and higher-rank heavy tanks<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!--''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ground vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/historical reference" (example: https://wiki.warthunder.com/Name-vehicles/historical reference) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to include links to sources at the end of the article.''--><br />
===Chi-Ri===<br />
Under the pretext of their lackluster tank designs, the Japanese worked on creating a tank that can surpass the Allies' main tank, the [[M4|M4 Sherman]]. Upgraded designs made to deal with the Sherman led to the [[Chi-Nu|Type 3 Chi-Nu]] and the [[Chi-To|Type 4 Chi-To]]. While these two were quite capable against the Sherman, they did not represent the best that the Japanese had to offer.<br />
<br />
Sometime during the development period of the Chi-Nu and the Chi-To, the Japanese designed a medium tank far more sophisticated than anything they had done previously. The tank was to be equipped with the same 75 mm gun as the Chi-To, except it had an auto-loading system on it. There was to be a hull-mounted 37 mm with a machine gun as well. The chassis was similar to the Chi-To's, but lengthened to eight road wheels per side. It was also powered by a 550 hp gasoline aircraft engine designed by BMW from Germany. The tank was classified as the '''Type 5 Chi-Ri''' and a single prototype without the main gun was produced in May 1945, but efforts were diverted to the more practical Type 4 Chi-To. Due to that, the war ended with only a single Type 5 Chi-Ri prototype produced.<ref name="ZalogaJapaneseTank">Zaloga 2007</ref><br />
<br />
===Chi-Ri II===<br />
Though Chi-Ri showed the development process for the new tank design, improvements often come to during prototype stages for a more manageable tank design. The improvements on the Chi-Ri, which would be called the '''Chi-Ri II''', were mainly the removal or addition of certain features, with the added ones namely from the Chi-To. Notable differences would be the use of a supercharged Mitsubishi diesel engine instead of a German gasoline engine, the change in suspension and turret design to resemble the Chi-To's, and the removal of the 37 mm secondary armament. It is uncertain how useful these simplifications are since these are all plans never put into practice.<ref name="FTRChi-RiII">Davis 2013</ref><br />
<br />
===Production plans===<br />
If the Chi-Ri ever entered production, the Japanese had plans for a bit of an upgrade in its firepower. It would be armed with a gun based off of the Type 98 88 mm anti-aircraft gun, giving it a much higher velocity cannon that makes the vehicle more than capable of taking out Allied tanks. With the Chi-Ri in production and in numbers, it would be used in Japan's final stand against the Allies should they invade the home islands.<br />
<br />
However, like many late-war tanks of Japan, they would never see any battle service due to their surrender in September 1945. The single Chi-Ri prototype was captured by the ensuing American occupation force, which they transported to the Aberdeen Proving Grounds for tests. Records show that the Chi-Ri prototype was scrapped along with other foreign tanks on October 1952.<ref name="MaiScrapping">Sun 2017</ref><br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!--Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.--><br />
{{Youtube-gallery|-jmSoAvIsv4|'''The Shooting Range #26''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:46 discusses the Chi-Ri II.}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
== Read also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example,''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
''ETC.''<br />
<br />
== Sources ==<br />
<br />
* Zaloga Steven. ''Japanese Tanks 1939-1945'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2007<br />
* Davis, Frank. "Chi Ri II - Japanese Tier 6/7 Medium." For the Record. Blogger.com, 05 June 2013. Web. 12 Jan. 2017. [http://ftr-wot.blogspot.com/2013/06/chi-ri-ii-japanese-tier-67-medium.html]<br />
* Sun, Eun Ae. ''Chi-Ri & Chi-To: Aberdeen Tank Scrapping.'' YouTube, YouTube, 7 Aug. 2017, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4mkS8EodQbA]<br />
<br />
{{Japan medium tanks}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Ikv_103&diff=64469Ikv 1032020-07-24T18:36:41Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card|code=sw_ikv_103}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]<br />
{{Break}}<br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]].<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
<!-- Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour. --><br />
The armour of the Ikv 103 is between 18.5mm to 5mm of thickness. This armour shouldn’t be considered as survivable since every round you face will most likely penetrate and destroy most of what’s left inside the tank. The thin side-armour has the occasional ability to result in overpenetration, but any frontal attack usually has enough force to activate most shell fuses. The tank is also incredibly weak against chemical rounds and aerial attacks due to the hull break featured on the vehicle. It is heavily recommended to avoid any form of damage since even artillery fire has the possibility of guaranteed destruction. Due to this low survivability, taking the maximum amount of ammunition isn’t something to frown upon. Thanks to the short length of the round, as well as compact storage, ammunition explosions are quite rare.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 190|rbMinHp= 133}}The Ikv 103 sports a good engine with a fairly high RPM giving it a lot of torque for climbing a lot of obstacles and average terrain. Although the top speed never exceeds 50, the Ikv 103 cruises comfortably around 40-45 kph no matter the surface below it. The vehicle finds no issue traversing snowy and sandy terrain thanks to the low weight and good track surface, but struggles in deep waters due to the low chassis it sports. The reverse rate of the Ikv 103 is also quite good at 11 kph. Even if this speed can’t hold a candle to the regular speed the 103 has, the reverse rate is still enough to safely peek over hills and reverse back into cover before getting fired upon.<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
<!-- Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: {{main|Name of the weapon}}. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Advise about how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage. --><br />
{{main|kan Ikv (105 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The Ikv 103 is outfitted with a 105mm cannon firing heavy shells with a reload of 10 or 13 seconds depending on crew qualifications. This cannon is unusually short for its caliber, firing heavy shells with low-velocity. Although the early Psgr m/49 lacks significant penetration and post-penetration damage, the later Slpsgr m/65 HEAT-FS round packs up to 400mm of penetration, easily penetrating anything it sees with devastating results. This later shell features a higher velocity than the previous round, as well as more explosive filler making the post-penetration much deadlier than before. The gun is aimed manually without the help of electrical equipment, results in a slow traverse rate. At maximum, the gun traverses at 8° per second, resulting in many deaths at closer ranges. This makes the gun most effective at medium ranges, where the traverse is ideal, and the shell velocity isn’t crucial. It should be noted that the incredible gun depression allows the Ikv 103 to fire from extreme angles allowing it to safely engage targets without the risk of overexposing the tank, something which becomes incredibly useful to increase the vehicles survivability.<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB). --><br />
The Ikv 103 is a nimble vehicle with a small silhouette compared to its peers. The lightweight and powerful gun set it apart from other vehicles at the battle rating. The general playstyle can be compared to the Jpz 4-5 found in the German tech tree. This playstyle is a more aggressive spin on tank destroying than usual, where the vehicle has to make use of positioning rather than frontal survivability. The Ikv 103 can’t use common sniping locations very effectively since any form of enemy retaliation will destroy the vehicle completely. Instead, the 103 needs to drive full speed to various locations where enemies are unlikely to expect danger. Although this playstyle requires a lot of map knowledge, the reward is quite high for a successful flank, thanks to the devastating cannon the Ikv 103 carries. Thanks to the light vehicle weight and strong engine, the Ikv 103 is also able to climb a lot of obstacles, something that helps a lot when fighting on bad terrain. However, maps that lack terrain entirely cripple the 103’s performance quite significantly, since the tank cannot hide, resulting in a lot of face-to-face engagements, which the Ikv 103 almost always lose.<br />
<br />
=== Modules ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Tier<br />
! colspan="2" |Mobility<br />
!Protection<br />
! colspan="2" |Firepower<br />
|-<br />
|I<br />
|Tracks<br />
|<br />
|Parts<br />
|Horizontal Drive<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|II<br />
|Suspension<br />
|Brake System<br />
|FPE<br />
|Adjustment of Fire<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|III<br />
|Filters<br />
|<br />
|Crew Replenishment<br />
|Elevation Mechanism<br />
|rökgr m/49<br />
|-<br />
|IV<br />
|Transmission<br />
|Engine<br />
|<br />
|slpsgr m/65<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Excellent HEAT round for its rank, able to penetrate the upper glacis plate of the Tiger II<br />
* Above average mobility, able to secure crucial positions or even flank the enemy<br />
* Neutral steering<br />
* Able to hull-break light vehicles<br />
* Small silhouette<br />
* Incredible gun depression<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Poor armor, sides able to be penetrated by heavy machine guns, and even rifle caliber bullets behind the tracks<br />
* Has hull-break<br />
* No MG to destroy light fences that can fuze your HEAT shells<br />
* Slow gun traverse<br />
* Vehicle reverses slightly when firing, causing you to reacquire range of target <br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
<br />
The [[Ikv 72|Infanterikanonvagn 72]] was a project started in 1949 by Sweden for an assault gun. The intended role of this vehicle was to support the infantry in the attack, replacing towed artillery guns. The design was to be small, and of light weight, around 6 tons. This was to reduce costs so a larger amount could be produced. The first prototype from Landsverk, completed in 1950, was armed only with three machine guns. This was insufficient, and it was re-armed with a 75 mm cannon, the same gun from the [[Strv m/42 EH|Strv m/42]]. It was a small, lightly armored vehicle, with a casemate superstructure housing the 75 mm gun. It had a crew of 4, and it was open topped. Starting in 1956, the Ikv 72 was upgraded to the Ikv 102 standard. This upgrade added an armored roof for the crew compartment and a 105 mm gun replaced the 75 mm gun. The Ikv 102, in turn, was upgraded to the Ikv 103 standard. The Ikv 103 featured an improved engine, the Volvo B42 engine. The air intake was moved to grills on the rear of the vehicle, instead of through the crew compartment.<br />
<br />
=== [[wt:en/news/6600-development-ikv-103-heat-mortar-en|Devblog]] ===<br />
In 1949, the procurement division of the Swedish army placed an order for the development of a light assault self-propelled gun to substitute the [[Sav m/43 (1946)|Sav m/43]] SPG. Three companies took on the work: AB Landsverk took on the development of the platform, Volvo was responsible for the powertrain, and Bofors for the armament. In fact, three versions of the vehicle for different purposes were planned at first: one with a 75 mm cannon, a machine-gun-equipped modification, and also a special one that was intended for the deployment of specific weaponry, such as flamethrowers and rocket launchers. Thus, a light (merely eight tonnes in all), tracked infantry-support vehicle was produced, with an open cabin and bulletproof armour. <br />
<br />
In 1952, a cannon-equipped version, under the designation the Ikv 72 (short for “infanterikanonvagn”, meaning “cannon-equipped infantry-support vehicle” in Swedish), was put into service. A little later, the SPG’s were re-equipped with 105 mm howitzers and the cabin was retrofitted with a roof, which could protect the crew from bullets and shrapnel. This modification received the designation Ikv 102. Meanwhile, the Swedish army ordered another series of the vehicle with an upgraded chassis to allow installation of a new air-cooled engine, while the gun and the armour remained the same as the Ikv 102’s. This new version was designated Ikv 103. The Ikv 102 and 103 SPGs remained in use by the Swedish army until the mid-1970s, when they were replaced with the [[Ikv 91]] SPG.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos. --><br />
{{Youtube-gallery|YdRN17QiW1M|"400mm PEN HEAT" - "PhlyDaily"}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== Bibliography ==<br />
<br />
** GlobalSecurity.org. (n.d.). Infanterikanonvagn 72 / 102 / 103. GlobalSecurity.org. https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/ikv-72.htm<br />
** Infanterikanonvagn 72. (2020, May 14). In ''Wikipedia''. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Infanterikanonvagn_72&oldid=956568359<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!--Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''<br />
* ''other literature.''--><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/news/6600-development-ikv-103-heat-mortar-en|[Devblog] Ikv 103: HEAT mortar]]<br />
<br />
{{Sweden tank destroyers}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Panther_F&diff=61377Panther F2020-06-19T03:46:14Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card|code=germ_pzkpfw_V_ausf_f_panther}}<br />
{{About<br />
|about = German medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
|other<br />
|usage-1 = other uses<br />
|link-1 = Panther (Disambiguation)<br />
|usage-2 = other vehicles of the family<br />
|link-2 = Panther tank (Family)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!--''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.''--><br />
[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]<br />
{{break}}<br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' ('''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during the Closed Beta Test for Ground Forces before [[Update 1.41]]. As of [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]], it became the last Panther in the German tech tree due to the removal of the [[Panther II]].<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
<!-- Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat?<br />
<br />
If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour. --><br />
From the hull up, the F variation of the Panther does not look like it changes much. However the biggest and most noticeable change is the turret design. Instead of the transverse-cylindrical mantlet of the [[Panther D|D]] and [[Panther A|A]] models or the chinned mantlet of the [[Panther G|G]] model, it features a brand new trapezoidal turret named the ''Schmaltürme'' (or "Narrow Turret"). This new turret features a bevy of positives over its previous iterations, including beefier armour and the removal of the prominent shot trap caused by the cylindrical nature of the previous model's mantlet. Although this new turret is a welcome addition, it is not without its weaknesses. In the change from BR 5.7 to BR 6.0, the Panther will be facing enemies that can and will penetrate its turret from the front, namely the [[M26]], [[T26E1-1]], [[Tiger II (P)|Tiger II]], [[IS-2 (1944)|IS-2]], along with nearly all of the British 6.7's, which you will be coming up against quite frequently. <br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 930|rbMinHp= 531|<!--AoAweight=(optional) -->}}As expected of the Panther series, it features excellent mobility as a result of its very high power to weight ratio. However its mobility has been toned down a few notches due to the limiting of the engine to improve engine lifespan, which is unfortunately useless as reliability has no function in War Thunder. It is also important to note that the reverse has not improved from its lethargic 3 km/h, but the Panther's ability to neutral turn helps tremendously when trying to escape. <br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|KwK44 (75 mm)}}Even despite its increase in battle rating, the KwK 44 remains an incredibly effective gun when engaging enemy armour due to its penetration. Although not as effective as the later legendary [[KwK43 (88 mm)|KwK43]], it's enough to penetrate most enemies it will face, resulting in many two-shot kills with the help of the PzGr 39's explosive filler. The penetration combined with the excellent accuracy makes it an ideal sniping cannon.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[KwK44 (75 mm)|75 mm KwK44]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 82 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 14.28 || 19.76 || 24.00 || 26.55 || 28.24 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 8.93 || 10.50 || 12.75 || 14.10 || 15.00<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| PzGr 39/42 || APCBC || 192 || 188 || 173 || 156 || 140 || 126<br />
|-<br />
| PzGr 40/42 || APCR || 228 || 224 || 204 || 182 || 162 || 145<br />
|-<br />
| Sprgr. 42 || HE || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| PzGr 39/42 || APCBC || 935 || 6.8 || 1.2 || 14.0 || 28.9 || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| PzGr 40/42 || APCR || 1,120 || 4.75 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 66° || 70° || 72°<br />
|-<br />
| Sprgr. 42 || HE || 700 || 5.74 || 0.1 || 0.5 || 725 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! 7th<br>rack empty<br />
! 8th<br>rack empty<br />
! 9th<br>rack empty<br />
! 10th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''82''' || 80&nbsp;''(+2)'' || 74&nbsp;''(+8)'' || 62&nbsp;''(+20)'' || 50&nbsp;''(+32)'' || 38&nbsp;''(+44)'' || 26&nbsp;''(+56)'' || 22&nbsp;''(+60)'' || 12&nbsp;''(+70)'' ||4&nbsp;''(+78)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+81)'' || style="text-align:center" | Yes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Right side empty: 50&nbsp;''(+32)'' or both sides empty: 22&nbsp;''(+60)''<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|MG34 (7.92 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[MG34 (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG34]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Coaxial || 3,000 (150) || 900 || N/A || N/A<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''<br />
===Modules===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Tier<br />
! colspan="2" |Mobility<br />
!Protection<br />
! colspan="3" |Firepower<br />
|-<br />
|I<br />
|Tracks<br />
|<br />
|Parts<br />
|Horizontal Drive<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|II<br />
|Suspension<br />
|Brake System<br />
|FPE<br />
|Adjustment of Fire<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|III<br />
|Filters<br />
|<br />
|Crew Replenishment<br />
|Elevation Mechanism<br />
|Smoke grenade<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|IV<br />
|Transmission<br />
|Engine<br />
|<br />
|Artillery Support<br />
|PzGr 40/42<br />
|Rangefinder<br />
|}<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* New turret removes the shot trap which plagued earlier models<br />
* Nigh impenetrable turret cheeks when facing from the front<br />
* 75 mm KwK 44 remains an accurate and effective gun despite its BR increase<br />
* HE filler on PzGr 39 shell allows for easy two-shot kills<br />
* APCR shell can allow the tank to compete with the heavier armour found in 6.0~7.0<br />
* Features excellent, although toned down mobility<br />
* Can steer in place<br />
* Hull can become very difficult to penetrate when angled properly<br />
* Slightly faster reload than the previous models of Panthers<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Although the turret has increased armour, it is almost useless due to basically no angling and more powerful enemy guns<br />
* Hull suffers similarly to turret; although good by itself, it becomes paper when facing higher tier guns<br />
* 75 mm KwK 44 can become difficult to use in an up-tier<br />
* ''Pitiful'' reverse speed of only 3 km/h<br />
* Often faces 7.0's, which can be filled with incredibly challenging opponents<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ground vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article. This section may also include the vehicle's devblog entry (if applicable) and the ingame encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== Encyclopedia Info ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''<br />
<br />
=== In-game description ===<br />
In the autumn of 1944, production of a new variant of the Panther was planned, the Ausf. F variant. This version had stronger front armor on its hull (80 mm), its sides (50 mm), and the front part of its roof (25 mm). The Schmalturm 605 turret, developed by the company Daimler-Benz AG, was slightly smaller than the standard Panther turret. This allowed the forward armor to be reinforced up to 120 mm, at an inclination of 20°. The sides of the new turret had a thickness of 60 mm and an inclination of 25°, and the thickness of the gun mantlet reached 150 mm. Stereoscopic rangefinders produced by the company Zeiss were mounted on the sides of the turret. The vehicle was armed with a 75 mm KwK 42/1 L/70 or KwK 44/1 L/70 gun in a new mantlet. <br />
<br />
A project was launched to equip the Panther with the longer 75 mm KwK L/100. Instead of a directional machine gun, the radio operator/gunner used an MP 44 assault rifle. Production plans stipulated that production Ausf. F tanks would only be released with road wheels with internal shock absorbers. During mass production, the tank was supposed to be fitted with a periscope sight with an optical stabilizer. Each tank could, if necessary, be equipped with an FG 1250 night vision device.<br />
<br />
In October 1944, production of the Ausf. F was set to launch in the Daimler-Benz plant in Berlin in March 1945. But by January 1945, a single Panther Ausf. G prototype with a Schmallturm turret was ready. Due to the overall difficulty of Germany's situation at the time, only a few prototypes with a narrow turret and 8 tank hulls had been constructed by the end of the war. Some sources indicate that several Ausf. F variants were completed by Daimler-Benz between April 20 and 23, 1945, and they may have been used in combat operations.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''<br />
* ''other literature.''<br />
<br />
{{Germany medium tanks}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Pvkv_m/43_(1963)&diff=57195Pvkv m/43 (1963)2020-05-24T10:55:15Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card|code=sw_pvkv_m43_1963}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
[[File:GarageImage_Pvkv_m43_(1963).jpg|420px|thumb|left]]<br />
{{Break}}<br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]].<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''<br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 460|rbMinHp= 287}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|Pvkan m/43 (75 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[Pvkan m/43 (75 mm)|75 mm Pvkan m/43]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 43 || rowspan="2" | -15°/+20° || rowspan="2" | -13°/+20° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 7.0 || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | 8.7 || rowspan="2" | _._ || rowspan="2" | _._ || rowspan="2" | _._<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 4.8 || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| slpprj m/49 || APDS || 243 || 241 || 233 || 224 || 215 || 207<br />
|-<br />
| sgr m/38 || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10<br />
|-<br />
| slpgr m/43 || APCBC || 149 || 146 || 132 || 116 || 102 || 89<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| slpprj m/49 || APDS || 1,110 || 3.7 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°<br />
|-<br />
| sgr m/38 || HE || 840 || 6.43 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 690 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| slpgr m/43 || APCBC || 890 || 6.0 || 1.2 || 14.0 || 110 || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
<!-- [[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]] --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''43''' || 42&nbsp;''(+1)'' || __&nbsp;''(+__)'' || __&nbsp;''(+__)'' || __&nbsp;''(+__)'' || __&nbsp;''(+__)'' || __&nbsp;''(+__)'' || __<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Optics]] ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} Optics<br />
|-<br />
!<br />
! Default magnification<br />
! Maximum magnification<br />
|-<br />
! Main Gun optics<br />
| X8.0 || X16.1<br />
|-<br />
! Comparable optics<br />
| colspan="2" | ___<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|Ksp m/36 (8 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[Ksp m/36 (8 mm)|8 mm Ksp m/36]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount<br />
! Capacity<br>(Belt capacity)<br />
! Rate of fire<br>(shots/minute)<br />
! Vertical<br>guidance<br />
! Horizontal<br>guidance<br />
|-<br />
| Commander's cupola || 2,000 (250) || 648 || -10°/+65° || ±180°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''<br />
<br />
=== Modules ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Tier<br />
! colspan="2" | Mobility<br />
! Protection<br />
! Firepower<br />
|-<br />
| I<br />
| Tracks<br />
|<br />
| Parts<br />
| Horizontal Drive<br />
|-<br />
| II<br />
| Suspension<br />
| Brake System<br />
| FPE<br />
| Adjustment of Fire<br />
|-<br />
| III<br />
| Filters<br />
|<br />
| Crew Replenishment<br />
| Elevation Mechanism<br />
|-<br />
| IV<br />
| Transmission<br />
| Engine<br />
|<br />
| 7,5 cm slpprj m/49<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Starts with a stock APCBC found on the previous [[Pvkv m/43 (1946)]] and [[Delat Torn]]<br />
* Has access to a powerful APDS<br />
* Great gun depression of -15°<br />
* Relatively mobile<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* APDS is a tier IV modification<br />
* Outdated chassis - narrow tracks and light armour<br />
* Casemated tank destroyer - dead engine = dead Pvkv<br />
* Tall silhouette makes tank vulnerable at hull-down position<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
<br />
During World War 2, the need for tank destroyers became evident, and Germany had great success with the [[StuG III G|StuG III]] and StuG IV. Because of the success of those platforms, Sweden decided to create a tank destroyer similar in concept to the StuG's. Landsverk created a design in 1942, based on the chassis of the [[Strv m/42 EH|Strv m/42]]. It was chosen by the Swedish military and was given the designation Pansarvärnskanonvagn m/43, or '''Pvkv m/43''' for short.<br />
<br />
The Pvkv m/43 used the chassis of the Strv m/42, but with a casemate superstructure replacing the turret. The superstructure was located at the front of the vehicle, and the glacis was sloped. It had an open tarp to keep the weight down, and used a tarp to protect the crew from the elements. The Pvkv m/43 had a crew of 4, and was initially armed with a 75mm luftvärnskanonen m/36 antiaircraft gun, modified with a longer barrel for increased armor penetration. The gun could traverse 15 degrees to the left and right. It had a Ksp m/39 machine gun as the secondary armament. It was powered by a Volvo A8B engine producing 360 hp. The gearbox was different than the gearbox of the Strv m/42, and the drive wheels had to be reinforced to handle the increased weight of the vehicle. The Swedish military ordered 87 Pvkv m/43 in 1942, but deliveries were delayed and the last vehicle was delivered in 1948.<br />
<br />
In 1954, the vehicle was given an armored roof to better protect the crew. Other improvements included a muzzle break, a gun rest, and a gas ejector. The Strv m/41 was retired from service in 1957, which allowed the two Scania-Vabis L603 engines per vehicle to be used in the Pvkv m/43. The two L603 engines produced less horsepower (320 hp) than the Volvo A8B, but were much more reliable. In 1970, the Pvkv m/43 was retired from service, and the guns were used in static fortifications until 1995.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''<br />
* ''other literature.''<br />
<br />
{{Sweden tank destroyers}}</div>U7665380https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Pvkv_m/43_(1963)&diff=50037Pvkv m/43 (1963)2020-04-25T08:57:38Z<p>U7665380: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card|code=sw_pvkv_m43_1963}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
[[File:GarageImage_Pvkv_m43_(1963).jpg|420px|thumb|left]]<br />
{{Break}}<br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]].<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''<br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 460|rbMinHp= 287}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|Pvkan m/43 (75 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[Pvkan m/43 (75 mm)|75 mm Pvkan m/43]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 43 || rowspan="2" | -15°/+20° || rowspan="2" | -13°/+20° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 7.0 || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | 8.7 || rowspan="2" | _._ || rowspan="2" | _._ || rowspan="2" | _._<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 4.8 || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| slpprj m/49 || APDS || 243 || 241 || 233 || 224 || 215 || 207<br />
|-<br />
| sgr m/38 || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10<br />
|-<br />
| slpgr m/43 || APCBC || 149 || 146 || 132 || 116 || 102 || 89<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| slpprj m/49 || APDS || 1,110 || 3.7 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°<br />
|-<br />
| sgr m/38 || HE || 840 || 6.43 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 690 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| slpgr m/43 || APCBC || 890 || 6.0 || 1.2 || 14.0 || 110 || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
<!-- [[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]] --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''43''' || __&nbsp;''(+__)'' || __&nbsp;''(+__)'' || __&nbsp;''(+__)'' || __&nbsp;''(+__)'' || __&nbsp;''(+__)'' || __&nbsp;''(+__)'' || __<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Optics]] ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} Optics<br />
|-<br />
!<br />
! Default magnification<br />
! Maximum magnification<br />
|-<br />
! Main Gun optics<br />
| X8.0 || X16.1<br />
|-<br />
! Comparable optics<br />
| colspan="2" | ___<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|Ksp m/36 (8 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[Ksp m/36 (8 mm)|8 mm Ksp m/36]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount<br />
! Capacity<br>(Belt capacity)<br />
! Rate of fire<br>(shots/minute)<br />
! Vertical<br>guidance<br />
! Horizontal<br>guidance<br />
|-<br />
| Commander's cupola || 2,000 (250) || 648 || -10°/+65° || ±180°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''<br />
<br />
=== Modules ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Tier<br />
! colspan="2" | Mobility<br />
! Protection<br />
! Firepower<br />
|-<br />
| I<br />
| Tracks<br />
|<br />
| Parts<br />
| Horizontal Drive<br />
|-<br />
| II<br />
| Suspension<br />
| Brake System<br />
| FPE<br />
| Adjustment of Fire<br />
|-<br />
| III<br />
| Filters<br />
|<br />
| Crew Replenishment<br />
| Elevation Mechanism<br />
|-<br />
| IV<br />
| Transmission<br />
| Engine<br />
|<br />
| 7,5 cm slpprj m/49<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Starts with a stock APCBC found on the previous [[Pvkv m/43 (1946)]] and [[Delat Torn]]<br />
* Has access to a powerful APDS<br />
* Great gun depression of -15°<br />
* Relatively mobile<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* APDS is a tier IV modification<br />
* Outdated chassis - narrow tracks and light armour<br />
* Casemated tank destroyer - dead engine = dead Pvkv<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
<br />
During World War 2, the need for tank destroyers became evident, and Germany had great success with the StuG III and StuG IV. Because of the success of those platforms, Sweden decided to create a tank destroyer similar in concept to the StuG's. Landsverk created a design in 1942, based on the chassis of the Strv m/42. It was chosen by the Swedish military, and was given the designation Pansarvärnskanonvagn m/43, or Pvkv m/43 for short. It used the chassis of the Strv m/42, but with a casemate superstructure replacing the turret. The superstructure was located at the front of the vehicle, and the glacis was sloped. It had an open tarp to keep the weight down, and used a tarp to protect the crew from the elements. The Pvkv m/43 had a crew of 4, and was initially armed with a 75mm luftvärnskanonen m/36 antiaircraft gun, modified with a longer barrel for increased armor penetration. The gun could traverse 15 degrees to the left and right. It had a Ksp m/39 machine gun as the secondary armament. It was powered by a Volvo A8B engine producing 360 hp. The gearbox was different than the gearbox of the Strv m/42, and the drive wheels had to be reinforced to handle the increased weight of the vehicle. The Swedish military ordered 87 Pvkv m/43 in 1942, but deliveries were delayed and the last vehicle was delivered in 1948. In 1954, the vehicle was given an armored roof to better protect the crew. Other improvements included a muzzle break, a gun rest, and a gas ejector. The Strv m/41 was retired from service in 1957, which allowed the two Scania-Vabis L603 engines per vehicle to be used in the Pvkv m/43. The two L603 engines produced less horsepower (320 hp) than the Volvo A8B, but were much more reliable. In 1970, the Pvkv m/43 was retired from service, and the guns were used in static fortifications until 1995.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''<br />
* ''other literature.''<br />
<br />
{{Sweden tank destroyers}}</div>U7665380