https://wiki.warthunder.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=U107834404&feedformat=atomWar Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T22:20:06ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.30.0https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=F8F-1B&diff=163288F8F-1B2023-05-25T09:13:38Z<p>U107834404: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = American naval fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| and<br />
| usage = other versions<br />
| link-1 = F8F-1<br />
| link-2 = F8F-1B (France)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=f8f1b<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}<br />
|cockpit=cockpit_f8f1b.jpg<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American naval fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.33]].<br />
<br />
The F8F-1B is truly a worthy aircraft to end the single engine fighter line of the USN branch. Nimble, fast, and with great acceleration, it is sight of fear for the foe's eye. Most of its enemies will be jets and they will shiver as the Bearcat faces them with a 2 km altitude and (sometimes with) speed advantage. With WEP running (War Emergency Power), includes ADI (Water-Methanol Injection) for the big and hungry 2,300 horsepower Pratt & Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp) and modules maximized, the climb rate is well over 35 m/s. However, its main weakness is the Bearcat's very power source: the hot-running R-2800 Double Wasp.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Flight performance ===<br />
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.'' --><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"<br />
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics<br />
! colspan="2" | Max Speed<br>(km/h at 4,268 m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude<br>(metres)<br />
! colspan="2" | Turn time<br>(seconds)<br />
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb<br>(metres/second)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run<br>(metres)<br />
|-<br />
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB<br />
|-<br />
! Stock<br />
| 672 || 647 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.1 || 20.8 || 19.3 || 19.3 || rowspan="2" | 220<br />
|-<br />
! Upgraded<br />
| 752 || 708 || 18.0 || 19.0 || 32.8 || 24.8<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Details ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | Features<br />
|-<br />
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear<br />
|-<br />
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ <!-- ✓ --><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="7" | Limits<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)<br />
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)<br />
! colspan="2" | Max Static G<br />
|-<br />
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -<br />
|-<br />
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 616 || 585 || 427 || ~10 || ~5<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)<br />
|-<br />
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator<br />
|-<br />
| < 465 || < 466 || < 600 || > 460<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.'' --><br />
<br />
* 8.5 mm Steel - Under cowling engine armour plate<br />
* 8.5 mm Steel - Fore cockpit protection plate<br />
* 9.5 mm Steel - Pilots seat and headrest<br />
* 60 mm Bulletproof glass - Windshield<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
The stock ammo belt for the M3 is great. So don't waste research here. Biggest problem early on is the sluggish behaviour and gun jamming. The latter can be resolved with spending crew points in Weapon Maintenance, which by now in Rank 4 should be already at a decent level. If you're trigger happy, there is bad news: "New 20 mm cannons" are a tier 4 upgrade. Instead focus on the engine upgrades. Especially "Engine Injection" which gives the plane a great boost of performance and turns it into a true bear. The new 20 mm cannons turn the weapons from a shotgun-like spread to significantly more accurate grouping. It is worthwhile to skip the 20 mm belt upgrade and focus on engine improvements until unlocking the new 20 mm cannons upgrade, as the default belts are nearly as devastating as stealth ammo, but with a tracer round added into the mix.<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}<br />
=== Offensive armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe the offensive armament of the aircraft, if any. Describe how effective the cannons and machine guns are in a battle, and also what belts or drums are better to use. If there is no offensive weaponry, delete this subsection.'' --><br />
{{main|M3 (20 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:<br />
<br />
* 4 x 20 mm M3 cannon, wing-mounted (188 rpg outer + 225 rpg inner each wing = 826 total)<br />
<br />
=== Suspended armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.'' --><br />
{{main|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb)|HVAR|Tiny Tim|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:<br />
<br />
* Without load<br />
* 4 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (gunpods) (340 rpg = 1,360 total)<br />
* 2 x Tiny Tim rockets<br />
* 4 x HVAR rockets<br />
* 1 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bomb + 4 x HVAR rockets (1,000 lb total)<br />
* 1 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bomb (1,000 lb total)<br />
* 1 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bomb + 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)<br />
* 3 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (3,000 lb total)<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
In Arcade battles the F8F-1B can perform at its prime, which is, accordingly, remarkably. Due to the lack of damage due to overheating and such, the F8F-1B can easily outstrip any piston-engine fighter in a climb once upgraded.<br />
<br />
Prior to the "engine injection" upgrade, the 1B performs very well, but not as sublimely as it does with the modification. Thus, climbing and Boom & Zoom match perfectly with the F8F-1B in AB due to its astounding climb rate, speed, acceleration, and weaponry.<br />
<br />
Regarding weaponry, fire in very short bursts with the M3 20 mm because they will jam rather quickly. The most ideal belt is "Air targets", as the belt has the most HEF-I shells (together with the stealth belt, but the Air targets belt has an API-T shell instead of a practice shell).<br />
[[File:FighterImage_F8F1.jpg|thumbnail|left|A Bearcat dives towards a formation of [[Kikka]] fighter-bombers.]]<br />
In Realistic Battles, the F8F-1B possesses flight performance, armament, and engine power that are top of its class. However, the F8F-1B's engine tends to overheat after ~2-2.5 minutes of continuous WEP. These poor thermals force the Bearcat to be played more carefully, avoiding long dogfights with enemy aircraft to preserve the engine as much as possible. Another caveat to take note of is the rudder control. Past 680-700 km/h (422-435 mph/367-377 kt), the rudder controls become very stiff and unresponsive. This necessitates careful management of speed, or carefully setting up targets so the rudder's usage is mitigated.<br />
<br />
With Air Combat Manoeuvres in mind, the F8F-1B is a surprisingly responsive aircraft. Much like its historical predecessor, the [[F6F-5]], the F8F-1B maintains a competitive turn rate at most speeds below 700 km/h (435 mph/377 kt). That being said, sustained turning engagements are not advised in this aircraft due to the poor elevator response below 350 km/h (217 mph/189 kt). The most ideal tactics to use in Air Realistic battles are Boom and Zoom, combined with wide energy saving manoeuvres in order to pull the opponent into an energy trap.<br />
<br />
The F8F-1B will be commonly fighting a range of aircraft from the German aviation tree, which require different methods of engagement to be successful.<br />
<br />
Firstly, the [[Ju 288 C]] is a frontline bomber with potent defensive armament consisting of four rear-facing MG 131 machine guns in one dorsal and one belly turret, two front-facing MG 131s in a chin-mounted turret, and a single MG 151/20 mounted in a barbette in the tail. Engaging this bomber is best done with head-on attacks at the start of the match, or high speed passes from above - thus minimizing your exposure to the Ju 288 C's gunners.<br />
<br />
Against the Focke Wulf [[Fw 190 (Family)|Fw 190 D family]], the most ideal method of engaging these enemies is to take advantage of the F8F-1B's superior energy retention, combined with superior turn radius at most speeds to bait the Fw 190 D into energy traps. Do not attempt head-on attacks against these, or any other German fighter you see. This is because of the high damage output of their MG 151/20 or Mk 108 autocannons. Though the M3 cannon does have superior ballistics, it is much better to not put your aircraft at unnecessary risk.<br />
<br />
To engage the Focke Wulf [[Ta 152 C-3]], it is best to take advantage of the aircraft's largely inferior rudder and elevator response when compared to the F8F-1B. The Ta 152C-3 is able to match the F8F-1B's speed in straight line engagements with ease due to its powerful DB 603 engine, but the German aircraft accelerates more slowly than the F8F-1B despite its good energy retention thus, being easily baited into an unwinnable situation against the F8F-1B. The [[Ta 152 H-1]] requires a similar method to the Ta 152 C-3. However, this variant turns much better than its cousin, at the expense of roll rate, though the issue of poor rudder response remains with this aircraft, as well as worse energy retention due to the much larger wings.<br />
<br />
When engaging any of the Messerschmitt [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109 G/K]] variants that face the F8F-1B, it is best to bait them into higher speed energy fights, this is due to the Bearcat's superior control response between 450-700 km/h (280-435 mph/242-377 kt), much more powerful radial engine, and superior power-to-weight ratio. These advantages make vertical engagements against the Bf 109 family the most desirable, as the German aircraft will lose more energy attempting to stay in steep climbs with the Bearcat. However, engaging in sustained turning engagements that go below 450 km/h (280 mph/242 kt) is not advised. This is because the Messerschmitt's leading edge slats allow the aircraft to pull higher angles of attack than the F8F-1B at those speeds and thus turn inside of it.<br />
<br />
Engaging the Dornier [[Do 335 B-2]] is arguably the most straightforward. The Do 335 B-2 is a far inferior aircraft to the F8F-1B in every respect, only really being a danger to the American fighter in direct head-on engagements. This is because the Do 335 B-2 is unable to match the flight performance of the Bearcat and is thus will be a sitting duck in most situations.<br />
<br />
Engaging the [[He 162 A-2]] and [[Ar 234 B-2]] require different methodologies however. The tactics against them will become far more prevalent when facing later jets in uptiers. The Bearcat faces little danger from the Arado, as it has no offensive or defensive armaments, however can only catch it in an extended chase at low altitude, or in a head-on pass. Be careful of being caught in its bombs' explosive splash range at low altitudes. To engage the He 162, it is advisable to bait the aircraft into a low energy state, due to the poor acceleration and throttle response from early jet-powered aircraft. It is not advisable to run from the Heinkel either, as the He 162s can catch the F8F-1B in an extended straight line engagement.<br />
<br />
Soviet and Chinese aircraft can also be commonly seen in battles.<br />
<br />
The [[Yak-3U]] and [[Yak-3 (VK-107)]] can pose significant threat to the F8F-1B. These aircraft are incredibly manoeuvrable, and retain energy as well as the F8F-1B, so are easily able to match it in any engagement that doesn't involve straight-line speed. However, their major weakness is their low redline speed, which allows the F8F-1B to dictate the engagement, and escape if need be. The [[Yak-9UT]] is similar to the Yak-3s listed, however it is less manoeuvrable and more heavily armed. The [[Yak-15]] is essentially a Yak-3 VK-107 in regards to performance and redline.<br />
<br />
The Mikoyan I-225 is less capable than the F8F-1B by far, and is best engaged in a similar manner to engaging the Bf 109 family. This aircraft is more manoeuvrable than the Bf 109, and has incredibly good high altitude performance, so is best engaged below 5,000 metres (16,400 feet).<br />
<br />
Engaging the Tupolev [[Tu-2S]] and [[Tu-1]] is best done in a similar manner to engaging the Ju 288 C, with the addition of avoiding direct head-on passes due to their powerful frontal armaments.<br />
<br />
Commonly seen Japanese and Italian aircraft are largely similar to the previously mentioned aircraft, with one major exception: the A7M2.<br />
<br />
The Mitsubishi [[A7M2]] is much slower than any other aircraft mentioned but is extremely manoeuvrable. It has a great power to weight ratio and is able to turn inside of the F8F-1B at any speed. Engaging this aircraft is a matter of speed management.<br />
<br />
=== Manual Engine Control ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="7" | MEC elements<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Mixer<br />
! rowspan="2" | Pitch<br />
! colspan="3" | Radiator<br />
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger<br />
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger<br />
|-<br />
! Oil !! Water !! Type<br />
|-<br />
| Controllable || Controllable<br>Not auto controlled || Controllable<br>Not auto controlled || Controllable<br>Auto control available || Separate || Controllable<br>2 gears || Not controllable<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Excellent dive speed<br />
* Excellent maneuverability in moderate to high speeds<br />
* Fast acceleration<br />
* High rate of fire<br />
* High ammo count<br />
* Can support high G's in sharp turns and has a G-suit upgrade available<br />
* Combat flaps can't break, the wings will break first<br />
* Double the burst mass of the first [[F8F-1|F8F-1 Bearcat]] and in general powerful armament<br />
* Great roll rate compared to planes such as the BF-109<br />
* Respectable climb rate up to 5 km<br />
* Excellent bomb capacity<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Engine overheats quickly<br />
* With the unbreakable combat flaps deployed, wings can rip in a high speed turn<br />
* M3 cannons jam in barely three seconds unless they are upgraded<br />
* Not the fastest plane, so lots of planes can catch up<br />
* Ground loops if landing with full brakes<br />
* Sluggish controls at speeds less than 300 km/h<br />
* Dumps velocity in high-G turns<br />
* Rudder compresses to the point of uselessness over 600 km/h<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
The first idea for the creation of the Grumman [[F8F-1|F8F Bearcat]] was pitched after the Battle of Midway. Many pilots who took part in it remarked that one of the most important parts of naval air warfare was an aircraft's rate of climb. This of course meant that an increase in power was necessary. In 1943 the design work on the new aircraft began. The outline called for a fighter-interceptor, capable of operating even from small escort carriers. While the engine – the Pratt & Whitney R-2800 radial – was the same model used on the earlier [[F6F-5|F6F Hellcat]], the new fighter would be lighter which also meant an increase in speed and climb rate. The concession was limiting the range of the new aircraft. The F8F would also feature a bubble canopy for better all around visibility. The first prototype, the XF8F-1, first took to the skies on the 21st August 1944. Further tests proved the aircraft's reliability and ruggedness, and the F8F was accepted into mass production. The first serial models rolled off the assembly line in February 1945 and were delivered to VF-19 fighter squadron, which began operating flights with the Bearcats in May 1945.<br />
<br />
The new fighter, was, however, too late for any combat in World War II. After the war the situation of this propeller aircraft got even more complicated thanks to the introduction of naval jet aircraft. Even though the F8F was one of the fastest propeller-driven aircraft of its time, it was clear that the jet age was dawning. The F8F was replaced in US Navy and USMC service by the F9F Panther and the [[F2H-2|F2H Banshee]] jet aircraft. Some Bearcats saw combat service with the French in French Indochina in 1951, when they were used in the CAS role against the Viet Minh troops. Thailand also received a shipment of Bearcats which were then operated by the Thai Air Force. The F8F found a new life – thanks to its speed and acceleration - it was and still is widely used as a racing aircraft. One of the most famous racing Bearcats is the Rare Bear – a specially modified F8F, which holds many propeller aircraft speed and climb records.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=f8f1b Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|eRBzLn1se_Y|'''The Shooting Range #239''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:28 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|4v3fxupuZPA|'''Last piston fighters''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 5:28 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|PNkoJ-MFERc|'''Best naval fighters''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 2:24 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org/F8F/F8F-1_Standard_Aircraft_Characteristics.pdf Standard Aircraft Characteristics of the F8F-1]<br />
<br />
{{AirManufacturer Grumman}}<br />
{{USA fighters}}</div>U107834404https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Ikv_103&diff=159262Ikv 1032023-03-20T04:22:16Z<p>U107834404: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=sw_ikv_103<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]].<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
<br />
The armour of the Ikv 103 is between 5 and 18.5 mm of thickness. This kind of armour shouldn't be considered as survivable since any round will penetrate it and destroy most of what's left inside the SPG. One could argue, that the front is decently protected, but there is a giant visible hole in front of the gunner, which can be hit by a machine gun easily. <br />
<br />
Since the hole exists, any chemical ammunition will instantly destroy the {{PAGENAME}} regardless of where it hits. It is heavily recommended to avoid any form of damage since artillery fire is guaranteed to destroy the SPG even in the case of a close miss.<br />
<br />
The thin side armour has the occasional ability to result in overpenetration and often fails to set off APHE fuses, but any frontal armour will activate them.<br />
<br />
The SPG is also incredibly weak against aerial attacks. The roof won't protect from any calibre larger than a 7.7 mm MG, and even that much is not guaranteed. But, since it actually exists, it makes less knowledgeable fighters attack something else instead, as they often look for an open-topped tank first.<br />
<br />
Thanks to the short length of the rounds, as well as compact storage on the hull floor, ammunition explosions are quite rare. Due to this, taking the maximum amount of ammunition isn't something to frown upon.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 18.5 mm (42°) ''Upper Glacis'' <br> 12 mm (28°) ''Lower Glacis'' <br> 12 mm (37°) ''Front Sides'' || 7 mm ''Upper Crew Compartment'' <br> 6 mm ''Lower hull'' <br> 6 mm ''Upper engine Compartment'' || 12 mm ''Lower'' <br> 5 mm ''Engine Compartment'' || 5 mm ''Crew Compartment''<br />
5 mm ''Rear''<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || colspan="4" | 18.5 mm (Various Angles) ''Gun mantlet''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=190|rbMinHp=133}}<br />
<br />
The Ikv 103 sports a good engine with a fairly high RPM giving it a lot of torque for climbing a lot of obstacles and average terrain. Although the top speed never exceeds 50 km/h, the Ikv 103 cruises comfortably around 40-45 km/h on a straight line and 25-35 km/h on uneven terrain, depending on the driving level and modules unlocked, no matter the surface below it. The vehicle finds no issue traversing snowy and sandy terrain thanks to the low weight and good track surface, but struggles in deep waters due to the low chassis it sports. The reverse rate of the Ikv 103 is also quite good at 11 km/h. Even if this speed can't hold a candle to the regular speed the 103 has, the reverse rate is still enough to safely peek over hills and reverse back into cover before getting fired upon.<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|kan Ikv 103 (105 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The Ikv 103 is outfitted with a 105 mm cannon firing heavy shells with a reload of 8 to 10 seconds depending on crew qualifications. This cannon is unusually short for its calibre, firing heavy shells with low-velocity. The gun is aimed manually without the help of electrical equipment, resulting in a slow traverse rate. At maximum, the gun traverses at 8° per second, resulting in many deaths at closer ranges. The stock gun accuracy is above average.<br />
<br />
The gun has a significant recoil, which can mess with the aim in RB/SB and will slightly move the tank backwards. The recoil can also be used as an advantage to fly off the hill as fast as possible before an enemy started firing back.<br />
<br />
Although the early psgr m/49 lacks significant amount of angled penetration and post-penetration damage, it works just fine at medium to long range. It can also be easily launched over cover at 450 m range while the SPG is fully concealed, which makes it useful in any situation. The later slpsgr m/65 HEATFS round packs up to 400 mm of flat penetration, generally penetrating anything it sees and making the post-penetration much deadlier than before. This later shell also features a higher velocity than the previous round, so it might actually hit moving targets.<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, a lot of heavy tanks have near-impenetrable machine gun ports and even HEATFS will fail to get through them, so the gun cannot be fired entirely without care. If the {{PAGENAME}} is used as a backup along with the 7.0 lineup, it will often fail to penetrate or bounce off the turret of many US heavy tanks due to their sheer thickness.<br />
<br />
This SPG uses X1.9-3.5 scope again unlike the [[Pvkv m/43 (1963)|Pvkv m/43]], so it's difficult for it to fight at long range.<br />
<br />
This makes the gun most effective at medium ranges, where the traverse is ideal, and the shell velocity isn't crucial. It should be noted that the incredible gun depression allows the Ikv 103 to fire directly from extreme angles allowing it to suddenly engage targets in RB without the risk of overexposing the tank, something which becomes incredibly useful to increase the vehicles survivability.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[kan Ikv 103 (105 mm)|105 mm kan Ikv 103]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 24 || rowspan="2" | -16°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±10° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 7.0 || 9.8 || 11.8 || 13.1 || 13.9 || rowspan="2" | 10.40 || rowspan="2" | 9.20 || rowspan="2" | 8.48 || rowspan="2" | 8.00<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 4.8 || 5.6 || 6.8 || 7.5 || 8.0<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
* '''psgr m/49''', HEAT - This stock shell offers great penetration values and should give you no trouble penetrating the upper glacis of common enemies like the Panther and Pershing series tanks. Even heavy tanks such as the Tiger II will also be vulnerable to this shell. Though it does suffer from the usual characteristics of HEAT which is the low muzzle velocity and sensitive fuse.<br />
* '''sgr m/34 LT''', HE - This shell is able to destroy some medium and heavy tanks in one hit by attacking their roof, but some heavy tanks in up-tier already have 26 mm RHA thick roofs, making them effectively invulnerable to it.<br />
* '''slpsgr m/65''', HEATFS - The HEATFS shell is an upgrade compared to the regular HEAT shells. The penetration is most noticeably increased. It also has a slightly faster muzzle velocity, which is helpful for sniping. However the major downside is its cost. In most situations, the stock HEAT shell will suffice.<br />
* '''rökgr m/49''', Smoke - The smoke shell will help blind enemies to allow you to move behind cover.<br />
<br />
{{:kan Ikv 103 (105 mm)/Ammunition|psgr m/49, sgr m/34 LT, rökgr m/49, slpsgr m/65}}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<!-- '''Last updated:''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''24''' || 19&nbsp;''(+5)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+23)'' ||No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
<br />
The Ikv 103 is a nimble vehicle with a small silhouette compared to its peers. The lightweight and powerful gun set it apart from other vehicles at the battle rating. <br />
<br />
The general playstyle can be compared to the Jpz 4-5 found in the German tech tree, as the vehicle has to make use of positioning rather than frontal survivability. The Ikv 103 can't use common sniping locations effectively since any form of enemy retaliation will destroy the vehicle completely. Instead, the 103 needs to drive full speed to various locations where enemies are unlikely to expect danger. Although this playstyle requires a lot of map knowledge, the reward is quite high for a successful flank, thanks to the devastating cannon the Ikv 103 carries. <br />
<br />
Thanks to the light vehicle weight and strong engine, the Ikv 103 is also able to climb a lot of obstacles, something that helps a lot when fighting on bad terrain. However, maps that lack terrain entirely cripple the 103's performance quite significantly, since the tank cannot hide, resulting in a lot of face-to-face engagements, which the Ikv 103 almost always lose.<br />
<br />
In AB, when it's impossible to find a good hill or the enemy is just too good, one can use this SPG as a mortar to bombard enemy tanks at about 450 m range with HEAT straight out of cover. Any cover that completely covers the SPG will work at this point, whether it's a random rock or terrain. It's also technically possible to fire over shallow hills while standing on them at ranges of about 300 m, but this is not entirely safe and constantly leads to situations, in which {{PAGENAME}} is flanked or sniped. This playstyle works quite well over flat plains and some sniping hills, which are generally incapable of stopping shells with low velocity, but will likely block high-velocity APHE of all enemy tanks. Use binoculars to track enemy movements and to pre-aim. Be careful to not provoke other HEAT tanks into an artillery battle unless you are sure about your aim, as the {{PAGENAME}} won't survive even a single HE/HEAT hit.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Excellent HEAT round for its rank, able to penetrate the upper glacis plate of the Tiger II<br />
* Excellent upgraded HEATFS round, useful even way outside of tanks own rank (technically can penetrate [[T95]])<br />
* Good speed, able to secure crucial positions or even flank the enemy<br />
* Neutral steering<br />
* Small silhouette, can completely hide behind medium tanks hull or cover<br />
* Incredible gun depression<br />
* Due to having a roof, will not be as interesting to fighters as previous SPG models (although it won't really save from them)<br />
* Can work as artillery in AB, with not many tanks being able to do anything about it, but to ask for an air raid<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Poor armour, counts as open-topped, sides able to be penetrated even by rifle-calibre bullets, especially behind the tracks - Ikv 103 must rely on stealth<br />
* No MG to destroy light fences that can fuse the HEAT shells<br />
* Will struggle through any obstacles due to its low mass<br />
* Slow gun traverse, makes aiming in CQB or at a moving target harder<br />
* Vehicle reverses slightly when firing, forcing you to reacquire range of target after every shot<br />
* Can overpressure itself if it fires at anything at point blank range<br />
* HEAT shell has a relatively low muzzle velocity, may be hard to fire accurately over long ranges<br />
* HEATFS shell is expensive and should thus be used conservatively<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
<br />
The [[Ikv 72|Infanterikanonvagn 72]] was a project started in 1949 by Sweden for an assault gun. The intended role of this vehicle was to support the infantry in the attack, replacing towed artillery guns. The design was to be small, and of light weight, around 6 tons. This was to reduce costs so a larger amount could be produced. The first prototype from Landsverk, completed in 1950, was armed only with three machine guns. This was insufficient, and it was re-armed with a 75 mm cannon, the same gun from the [[Strv m/42 EH|Strv m/42]]. It was a small, lightly armoured vehicle, with a casemate superstructure housing the 75 mm gun. It had a crew of 4, and it was open topped. Starting in 1956, the Ikv 72 was upgraded to the Ikv 102 standard. This upgrade added an armoured roof for the crew compartment and a 105 mm gun replaced the 75 mm gun. The Ikv 102, in turn, was upgraded to the Ikv 103 standard. The Ikv 103 featured an improved engine, the Volvo B42 engine. The air intake was moved to grills on the rear of the vehicle, instead of through the crew compartment.<br />
<br />
=== [[wt:en/news/6600-development-ikv-103-heat-mortar-en|Devblog]] ===<br />
In 1949, the procurement division of the Swedish army placed an order for the development of a light assault self-propelled gun to substitute the [[Sav m/43 (1946)|Sav m/43]] SPG. Three companies took on the work: AB Landsverk took on the development of the platform, Volvo was responsible for the powertrain, and Bofors for the armament. In fact, three versions of the vehicle for different purposes were planned at first: one with a 75 mm cannon, a machine-gun-equipped modification, and also a special one that was intended for the deployment of specific weaponry, such as flamethrowers and rocket launchers. Thus, a light (merely eight tonnes in all), tracked infantry-support vehicle was produced, with an open cabin and bulletproof armour.<br />
<br />
In 1952, a cannon-equipped version, under the designation the Ikv 72 (short for "infanterikanonvagn", meaning "cannon-equipped infantry-support vehicle" in Swedish), was put into service. A little later, the SPGs were re-equipped with 105 mm howitzers and the cabin was retrofitted with a roof, which could protect the crew from bullets and shrapnel. This modification received the designation Ikv 102. Meanwhile, the Swedish army ordered another series of the vehicle with an upgraded chassis to allow installation of a new air-cooled engine, while the gun and the armour remained the same as the Ikv 102's. This new version was designated Ikv 103. The Ikv 102 and 103 SPGs remained in use by the Swedish army until the mid-1970s, when they were replaced with the [[Ikv 91]] SPG.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=sw_ikv_103 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Images<br />
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150"><br />
File:Ikv 103 WTWallpaper 01.jpg|<br />
File:Ikv 103 WTWallpaper 02.jpg|<br />
File:Ikv 103 WTWallpaper 03.jpg|<br />
File:Ikv 103 WTWallpaper 04.jpg|<br />
File:Ikv 103 WTWallpaper 05.jpg|<br />
File:Ikv 103 WTWallpaper 06.jpg|<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|YdRN17QiW1M|"400mm PEN HEAT" - "PhlyDaily"|4_cJ1CpEatw|'''Best gun depression''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 2:19 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|Tg9u6OE7M8k|'''The Infanterikanonvagn 103 Tank Destroyer''' - ''Orangefan''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!--''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''--><br />
<br />
;Similar hull vehicle<br />
* [[Ikv 72]]<br />
<br />
;Similar role<br />
* [[StuH 42 G]]<br />
* [[SU-122]]<br />
* [[105/25 M43]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/news/6600-development-ikv-103-heat-mortar-en|[Devblog] Ikv 103: HEAT mortar]]<br />
<br />
=== References ===<br />
;Bibliography<br />
** GlobalSecurity.org. (n.d.). Infanterikanonvagn 72 / 102 / 103. GlobalSecurity.org. https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/ikv-72.htm<br />
** Infanterikanonvagn 72. (2020, May 14). In ''Wikipedia''. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Infanterikanonvagn_72&oldid=956568359<br />
<br />
{{TankManufacturer AB Landsverk}}<br />
{{Sweden tank destroyers}}</div>U107834404https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Leopard_2A6&diff=148893Leopard 2A62022-12-27T05:15:21Z<p>U107834404: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = German medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| usage = other versions<br />
| link = Leopard 2 (Family)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=germ_leopard_2a6<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]].<br />
<br />
The succeeding variant of the [[Leopard 2A5]], the {{PAGENAME}} is distinguished by a longer gun barrel, the 120 mm Rh120 L/55, a 55 calibre (6.6 m) long gun, 11 calibres (1.32 m) longer than its predecessor.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
[[File:Leopard 2A5 armour scheme.png|thumb|The frontal KE protection of the {{PAGENAME}} against 3BM42 at 500 m.]]<br />
<br />
The {{PAGENAME}} retains the same excellent armour than its predecessor, the hull remains well protected and the turret cheeks are just as impenetrable. Add-on hull armour boosts the ability to protect against HEAT-FS and early APFSDS rounds. The wedges on the front of the turret are able to be blown off if a round with enough energy hits it. This isn't an issue since the armour underneath has ~710 mm of KE protection. The gunner's optic is also moved into the roof to eliminate the weak spot which was easily penetrated by any tank.<br />
<br />
[[File:Leopard 2A5 CE armour scheme.png|thumb|The frontal CE protection of the {{PAGENAME}} against MIM-146.]]<br />
Be aware of High Explosive rounds and ATGMs though. If these land on your commander's cupola, the fragments can knock out 3/4 crew members inside the turret. A hit to the lower part of the V shaped turret cheeks with an ATGM will most likely send fragments into your hull, penetrate and either detonate your ammo or incapacitate several crew members. Don't get hit by an ATGM-<br />
<br />
The frontal hull can be penetrated by all APFSDS rounds and ATGM warheads at its Battle Rating - if possible, hiding it by hulldowning properly is recommended. <br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 35 mm (53-82°) ''Upper glacis'' <br> 40 mm (50-51°) ''Lower glacis'' || 10 mm (5°) ''Upper hull'' <br> 35 mm (0°) ''Lower forward hull'' <br> 20 mm (0°) ''Lower rear hull'' || 20 mm (12-50°) ''All rear'' || 20 mm (0-8°) ''Hull roof incl. engine deck''<br />
|-<br />
|Turret || 80 mm (57-59°) ''Right cheek add-on'' <br> 80 mm (55-58°) ''Left cheek add-on'' <br> 30 mm (63°) ''Upper mantlet add-on'' <br> 400 mm (1°) ''Mantlet armour''<br>250 mm (9°) ''Mantlet shroud'' || 80 mm (20-22°) ''Right add-on'' <br> 80 mm (22°) ''Left add-on''<br>35 mm (0°) ''Forward''<br>15 mm (0°) ''Rear'' || 20 mm (10°) ''Basket'' <br> 20 mm (70°) ''Turret underside'' || 35 - 40 mm (80-89°) ''Forehead Armour''<br>14 mm (68-82°) ''Forward sides'' <br> 20 mm (89°) ''Rear turret''<br>20 mm (83°) ''Basket''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Composite armour !! Front !! Sides<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || '''Upper+Lower glacis''' <br> 440 - 480 mm ''Kinetic'' <br> 600 mm ''Chemical'' || N/A<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || '''Cheeks''' <br> 850 - 950 mm ''Kinetic'' <br> 1200 mm ''Chemical'' <br> '''Gun mantlet (Centre)''' <br> 260 - 325 mm ''Kinetic'' <br> 600 - 690 mm ''Chemical'' <br> '''Gun mantlet (Outer)''' <br> 425 - 460 mm ''Kinetic'' <br> 825 - 905 ''Chemical'' || '''Side armour'''<br> 260 mm ''Kinetic''<br>230 - 285 mm ''Chemical''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Upper hull and Lower rear hull overlap (10 + 20 mm thick)<br />
* Upper mantlet add-on and Mantlet armour overlap (30 + 400 mm thick)<br />
* Holes in the engine deck are covered by 8 mm of mesh<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=2,032|rbMinHp=1,327}}<br />
<br />
The only drawback compared to the previous model would be the {{PAGENAME}}'s mobility since, despite the half ton increase in weight, the engine remains the same, so the {{PAGENAME}} retains the rather average mobility at its BR like the [[Leopard 2A5]]. Although, this difference is negligible and it is by no means a slow vehicle. <br />
The engine is, as with all Leopard 2 variants, the MTU MB 873 Ka-501 engine which produces 1,500 hp (1,100 KW) at 2,600 RPM.<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|Rh120 L/55 (120 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The {{PAGENAME}} has access to the DM53 APFSDS shells, one of the highest penetrating APFSDS shells in the game. Such shell is able to penetrate [[M1A2 Abrams]], [[Challenger 2]] and [[T-80U]] more easily than its predecessor.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[Rh120 L/55 (120 mm)|120 mm Rh120 L/55]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 42 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 38.1 || 52.7 || 64.0 || 70.8 || 75.3 || rowspan="2" | 7.80 || rowspan="2" | 6.90 || rowspan="2" | 6.36 || rowspan="2" | 6.00<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 23.8 || 28.0 || 34.0 || 37.6 || 40.0<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| DM12A1 || HEATFS || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480<br />
|-<br />
| DM33 || APFSDS || 496 || 494 || 486 || 476 || 466 || 456<br />
|-<br />
| DM53 || APFSDS || 652 || 650 || 640 || 628 || 616 || 604<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| DM12A1 || HEATFS || 1,190 || 13.5 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 2,150 || 65° || 72° || 77°<br />
|-<br />
| DM33 || APFSDS || 1,690 || 4.3 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| DM53 || APFSDS || 1,750 || 5 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<!-- '''Last updated: 2.1.0.46''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''42''' || 16&nbsp;''(+26)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+41)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes''':<br />
<br />
* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.<br />
* Rack 2 is a first stage ammo rack. It totals 15 shells and gets filled first when loading up the tank.<br />
* This rack is also emptied early: the rack depletion order at full capacity is: 2 - 1.<br />
* Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from rack 1 into rack 2. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready rack.<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|MG3A1 (7.62 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG3A1]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Coaxial || 4,500 (1,000) || 1,200 || N/A || N/A<br />
|-<br />
| Pintle || 2,000 (1,000) || 1,200 || -8°/+20° || ±120°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
<br />
The {{PAGENAME}} retains almost the same mobility and exactly the same armour as Leopard 2A5. It does have a better gun with a better round. Yet, its playstyle remains the same.<br />
<br />
;Hull-Down Long Distance Combat<br />
<br />
* The Leopard 2A6's turret is one of the hardest in the game to penetrate. But, it shares the same weak spot as any other vehicle at its BR - the mantlet area. It can also be destroyed by a well-aimed shot with an ATGM.<br />
* To eliminate the risk of getting penetrated in the gun mantlet, the use of commander's thermals which are at the roof are recommended for scouting the area without exposing the turret itself at all. Make sure to always enable Commander's fire control, so the turret itself rotates with the sight. When you spot a target, you can use the laser rangefinder whilst still being in commander's view, then switch to gunner's sight, quickly peek, eliminate the target and quickly reverse back behind cover. Your turret will be exposed for only around 2 seconds, giving your target very slim chances to retaliate.<br />
* Stay still only when taking a shot at the target, never any longer, since the longer you stay exposed, the higher the risk that your gun, along with some crew members is going to get taken out.<br />
* This strategy makes you more or less immortal. You can fight and win against multiple opponents at a distance. CAS and flankers can still defeat you though. Watch your flanks.<br />
<br />
;Close-Quarters Combat<br />
<br />
*Use 3rd person view in close quarters, always. This gives you a much better situational awareness than 10 degrees of FoV in gunner's sight. Night battles are an exception, you can use commander's thermals at medium ranges, which have a better FoV than the gunner's sight. Rotate your camera around all the time.<br />
*Have your headphones on and watch out for engine sounds. They can give you a heads up against an enemy coming close that you don't see yet.<br />
*In close quarters, any vehicle at your BR can penetrate you and so can you. Don't rush around mindlessly and pay attention to your surroundings.<br />
*Sticking around your teammates can improve your lifespan.<br />
*Since you can get penetrated easily from the front, ou always have to shoot first to win. You need to be especially careful against Swedish Leopards and all Russian T-series tanks at your BR, since you have to aim for their weak spots more precisely than they need to aim at yours. If they manage to shoot you anywhere in the hull or the mantlet area, you have a problem. Meanwhile, you have to aim at the driver's hatch of T-series or the mantlet from the front and in the case of Strv 122s, only the mantlet is a reliable way of disabling them from the front.<br />
*Never, ever peek around a corner if the enemy behind it is aiming at the corner. Your chances of shooting first are slim to none and you will most likely die.<br />
*If uneven terrain such as a hill separates you and there is an enemy vehicle that is aware of you and aiming at you, you can peek first, provided you do it properly - don't use gunner's sight. Use 3rd person view and aim with the center of the outer crosshair circle directly at their mantlet area. Then, peek as fast as you can and as soon as you see the inner crosshair circle connect with what you are aiming at, take the shot immediately. When you learn to do this quickly enough, you will always win in this situation against any vehicle you face.<br />
*If an enemy vehicle is rushing at you and going to peek around a corner, let them. You can easily shoot faster than they do.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Incredibly powerful gun with the highest penetrating kinetic round in the game, the DM53 with 650 mm of penetration at 100 m<br />
* Impenetrable turret cheeks, the add-on wedge armour makes the turret cheeks immune from every shell in the game (average of 850 mm against long rod APFSDS and 1,450 mm against HEAT), combined with a small mantlet weak spot, this tank has one of the toughest turrets in the game<br />
* Commander's camera with 2nd generation thermal imager - binoculars on steroids.<br />
* Good armour on the UFP (430 mm against APFSDS), immune to older shells; though all vehicles at its BR except some SPAAs can reliably penetrate it without an issue<br />
* Extremely good gun handling for an MBT: 40°/s both turret rotation speed and gun elevation speed (with Ace crew) and -9°/+20° of vertical guidance<br />
* Side turret covered by add-on armour can bounce early APFSDS shells and newer ones too if you get lucky<br />
* Gunner optics are now mounted on top of the turret, removing the annoying weak spot present on the Leopard 2A4<br />
* Cannon barrel and cannon breech can absorb impact rounds which may otherwise penetrate the turret and injure crew members<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Lower glacis can still be penetrated by most shells, ~250 mm of KE protection against APFSDS, similar to most MBTs. Late Abrams variants are an exception with ~400 mm<br />
* 16 shells in the ready-rack may be insufficient when playing in Arcade Battles, you have to aim for weak points and be prepared to fall back and wait for a minute for the rack to replenish<br />
* Huge hull ammo-rack if more than 16 shells are carried consequently making the tank vulnerable to HE shells and presenting an annoying weak spot in the hull. You can carry 21 or 27 rounds, they will be stored only in the lower plate. More than that is not recommended for close-quarters. It is both dangerous and unnecessary (no way you can spend 27 rounds in a city engagement)<br />
* A penetrating shot on the left side of the hull will most likely knock out the driver, gunner and commander, thus destroying the tank<br />
* A penetrating shell on the right side of the hull will most likely hit the ammo-rack, destroying the tank (if you carry more than 16 rounds) <br />
* The wedges can be shot off with several hits, though the turret cheeks alone provide 710 mm against KE<br />
* Despite all the added armour, the turret ring and the mantlet are both easily penetrated, and the enemy will most likely aim at these two spots to disable or destroy the tank<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
Following the rollout of the Leopard 2A5 modification with enhanced protection, German engineers, in cooperation with international partners, immediately began working on improving the MBTs firepower.<br />
<br />
This was achieved by, among other minor modifications, lengthening the Rh 120 L44 cannon by 1,320 mm, thus creating the Rh 120 L55. As a result, the Leopard 2A6's firing range was extended in addition to other ballistic properties being improved.<br />
<br />
Production of the vehicle began in the early 2000s by converting older Leopard 2A4 and A5 models to the new standard. Initially, around 225 Leopard 2A6s were produced for the German Bundeswehr. Apart from domestic use, the Leopard 2A6 also sees service with Dutch, Canadian, Greek and Portuguese forces, among others. In particular, the Leopard 2A6 was deployed with Canadian forces to Afghanistan in 2007, marking its first operational use.<br />
<br />
The Leopard 2A6 is still in service today and, along with other variants, forms the spearhead of the armoured units of the German Bundeswehr.<br />
<br />
''- From [[wt:en/news/6927-development-leopard-2a6-deadlier-than-ever-en|Devblog]]''<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_leopard_2a6 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Images<br />
<gallery mode="packed" caption="Leopard 2A6 Devblog Images" heights="200"><br />
File:Leopard 2A6 WTWallpaper 001.jpg|<br />
File:Leopard 2A6 WTWallpaper 002.jpg|<br />
File:Leopard 2A6 WTWallpaper 003.jpg|<br />
File:Leopard 2A6 WTWallpaper 004.jpg|<br />
File:Leopard 2A6 WTWallpaper 005.jpg|<br />
File:Leopard 2A6 WTWallpaper 006.jpg|<br />
File:Leopard 2A6 WTWallpaper 007.jpg|<br />
File:Leopard 2A6 WTWallpaper 008.jpg|<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|zesNf8kYsKg|'''The Shooting Range #229''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:28 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|BkompiilVQw|'''Should You Grind The {{PAGENAME}}?''' - ''Sako Sniper''|nUJ9BpfFxNA|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''Napalmratte''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/news/6927-development-leopard-2a6-deadlier-than-ever-en|[Devblog] Leopard 2A6: Deadlier than ever]]<br />
<br />
{{Germany medium tanks}}</div>U107834404https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=T-35&diff=148837T-352022-12-26T14:32:50Z<p>U107834404: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=ussr_t_35<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.43]].<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
The T-35 has 10 crew members, the second largest crew count of any ground vehicle in the game (Behind the [[2C bis|Char 2C]] at 12). While the armour may not provide great protection against enemies even at Rank I, the large crew count makes up in part for the tank's survivability in combat. The T-35 is large and difficult to conceal. However, don't be deceived by its size: the T-35's armour is barely more than 30 mm thick. Even with a standard Rank I gun, you may be able to penetrate its armour. The roof is only 14 to 20 mm thick, heavy machine guns can easily cut through. The complex armour structure also creates many shot traps.<br />
<br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour<br />
<br />
[[File:T-35 Turrets.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Turrets shown on the T-35 - The main turret is at centre, the secondary turrets with cannons are on the top left and bottom right, and the machine gun turrets are on the top right and bottom left.]]<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 30 mm (20°) ''Front plate'' <br> 24 mm (77°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 30 mm (18-63°) ''Lower glacis'' || 11 + 23 mm || 10 mm (20-77°) ''Top'' <br> 20 mm (12-63°) ''Bottom'' || 10 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Main Turret || 20 mm ''Turret front'' <br> 20 mm (0-7°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 20 mm || 21 mm || 15 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Secondary Turret || 17 mm (0-84°) ''Turret front'' <br> 17 mm (1-32°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 25 mm (0-1°) || 15 mm || 10 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Machine gun Turret || 22 mm (1°) || 23 mm (0-1°) || 10 mm || 10 mm<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, bogies are 10 mm thick, and tracks are 20 mm thick.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
The T-35 is very long, making turning difficult with the narrow tracks. In urban environments, it can get stuck into difficult situations in close quarters<br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=646|rbMinHp=442}}<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|KT-28 (76 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[KT-28 (76 mm)|76 mm KT-28]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 96 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 18.2 || 25.2 || 30.6 || 33.8 || 36.0 || rowspan="2" | 5.20 || rowspan="2" | 4.60 || rowspan="2" | 4.24 || rowspan="2" | 4.00<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 13.4 || 15.8 || 19.1 || 21.1 || 22.5<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| BR-350A (MD-5 fuze) || APHEBC || 37 || 37 || 34 || 30 || 27 || 24<br />
|-<br />
| OF-350M || HE || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11<br />
|-<br />
| Sh-353 || Shrapnel || 18 || 17 || 15 || 13 || 12 || 10<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| BR-350A (MD-5 fuze) || APHEBC || 370 || 6.3 || 1.2 || 14 || 155 || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| OF-350M || HE || 387 || 6.2 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 710 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| Sh-353 || Shrapnel || 381 || 6.44 || 1.2 || 14 || 85 || 62° || 69° || 73°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|350px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<!-- '''Last updated:''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack<br>empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack<br>empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack<br>empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack<br>empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack<br>empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack<br>empty<br />
! 7th<br>rack<br>empty<br />
! 8th<br>rack<br>empty<br />
|-<br />
| '''96''' || 87&nbsp;''(+9)'' || 77&nbsp;''(+19)'' || 72&nbsp;''(+24)'' || 67&nbsp;''(+29)'' || 57&nbsp;''(+39)'' || 46&nbsp;''(+50)'' || 41&nbsp;''(+55)'' || 33&nbsp;''(+63)''<br />
|-<br />
! 9th<br>rack<br>empty<br />
! 10th<br>rack<br>empty<br />
! 11th<br>rack<br>empty<br />
! 12th<br>rack<br>empty<br />
! 13th<br>rack<br>empty<br />
! 14th<br>rack<br>empty<br />
! 15th<br>rack<br>empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
| 25&nbsp;''(+71)'' || 21&nbsp;''(+75)'' || 18&nbsp;''(+78)'' || 13&nbsp;''(+83)'' || 10&nbsp;''(+86)'' || 6&nbsp;''(+90)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+95)'' || Yes<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Notes''':<br />
<br />
* Racks disappear after you've fired all shells in the rack.<br />
* Side walls empty: 46&nbsp;''(+50)'' shells<br />
<br />
=== Additional armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
<!-- ''Some tanks are armed with several guns in one or more turrets. Evaluate the additional weaponry and give advice on its use. Describe the ammunition available for additional weaponry. Give advice on about how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage. If there is no additional weaponry remove this subsection.'' --><br />
{{main|20-K (45 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The {{PAGENAME}} sports 2 turrets equipped with 45 mm 20-K cannons in addition to the main turret equipped with the 76 mm howitzer. Despite the huge ammo reserve for the secondary turrets, the total ammo is split between the two turrets. This means that if one 45 mm cannon fires more than the other, it will run out and be unable to fire until resupplied.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | Front [[20-K (45 mm)|45 mm 20-K]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 113 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+32° || rowspan="2" | -50°/+123° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 12 || 17 || 20 || 23 || 24 || rowspan="2" | 3.8 || rowspan="2" | 3.4 || rowspan="2" | 3.1 || rowspan="2" | 2.9<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 8.9 || 11 || 13 || 14 || 15<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | Rear [[20-K (45 mm)|45 mm 20-K]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 113 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+32° || rowspan="2" | -48°/+117° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 12 || 17 || 20 || 23 || 24 || rowspan="2" | 3.8 || rowspan="2" | 3.4 || rowspan="2" | 3.1 || rowspan="2" | 2.9<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 8.9 || 11 || 13 || 14 || 15<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| BR-240SP || APBC || 73 || 70 || 60 || 50 || 41 || 34<br />
|-<br />
| BR-240 || APHEBC || 70 || 67 || 58 || 47 || 39 || 32<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| BR-240SP || APBC || 757 || 1.43 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| BR-240 || APHEBC || 760 || 1.43 || 1.2 || 9 || 29.26 || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|400px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<!-- '''Last updated:''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''226''' || 115&nbsp;''(+111)'' || 2&nbsp;''(+224)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes''':<br />
<br />
* Racks disappear after you've fired all shells in the rack.<br />
* Rear turret empty: 115&nbsp;''(+111)'' shells.<br />
* It is possible to run out of ammo for the front secondary turret if it is used too long.<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|DT (7.62 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[DT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm DT]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Main Coaxial mount || 1,260 (63) || 600 || ±15° || ±15°<br />
|-<br />
| Turret coaxial mount (x2) || 2,520 (63) || 600 || N/A || N/A<br />
|-<br />
| Front left turret mount || 1,260 (63) || 600 || ±15° || -130°/+10°<br />
|-<br />
| Rear right turret mount || 1,260 (63) || 600 || ±15° || -140°/+20°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
The T-35 is the largest tank among the Rank I vehicles. With a multi-turreted platform of two 45 mm cannons and one 76.2 mm cannon, the tank can combat enemies at an almost 360° angle. However, the armour is quite thin for a vehicle of its size so one should not play this vehicle like a typical heavy tank later down the rank. The speed is decent for a vehicle of its size, however, so it is possible to catch the enemies off guard by attacking from an area they least expect. The T-35 is nothing short of a behemoth, being able to take more penetrating hits than any tank at this BR with his large crew. Although possessing a relatively heavy armament, the lack of armour for its size and speed really limits its playstyle.<br />
<br />
;Stay with your team<br />
<br />
Staying with your team ensures it isn't as easy for enemy tanks to take you out, this is most easily achieved if playing with friends who you have direct communication to. However, do not overextend, as if your teammates die you're a sitting duck, especially if you were daring enough to be in the middle of the battlefield.<br />
<br />
;Stay behind cover<br />
<br />
Probably the most obvious way to play, taking cover and avoiding large and open terrain means you have the best chance of survival. This tactic may not be viable most of the time, it all depends on which maps you play.<br />
<br />
;Enemies worth noting<br />
<br />
* The [[BT-42]] is a fast Swedish tank destroyer with a 114 mm cannon, this captured and modified BT-7 is one of the biggest threats to go up against as a T-35. Both its HE and HEAT shells can instantly eliminate the T-35 due to overpressure mechanics. When spotted, it's best to instantly shoot for its turret to disable it from being able to shoot back since one shot from the BT-42 enough is to send you back to the spawn menu. After neutralizing the gunner, follow up with a shot to the driver's spot.<br />
* The [[Lancia 3Ro (100/17)]] is a fast Italian truck equipped with a 100 mm cannon. This truck might seem weak but be careful of its gun. Any of its shells are capable of knocking the T-35 with overpressure. When spotted, it's best to make use of 1 out of your 5 x 7.62 mm DT machine guns to easily take care of the gunner and the crew, resulting in an elimination.<br />
<br />
* SPAAS like the [[Flakpanzer I]], [[Flakpanzer 38]], [[Sd.Kfz. 6/2]], [[M15 CGMC]], [[Pvlvv fm/42]] and the [[AS 42]]. You should be very careful with SPAAs. Just like many tanks at this rank, SPAAs have proven to be very effective at knocking out tanks, including your T-35. These SPAAs sport 20 mm to 37 mm autocannons that are capable of easily neutralizing your whole crew shot after shot if you don't respond fast enough to these threats. But there is an easy way to take care of them: when spotted or being attacked by, make use of 1 out of your 5 x 7.62 mm DT machine guns and aim at their gunner to disarm them. After that, start spraying all over the SPAA and knock out as much crew as possible to neutralize the enemy, you can as well shoot with your main or secondary armament at its engine to prevent it from driving away.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* The KT-28 cannon destroys anything it penetrates with a single hit<br />
* No less than three cannons available for use<br />
* Can have guns pointed towards the front and rear at the same time<br />
* High rate of fire with all weapons<br />
* Large ammunition capacity<br />
* Large frame can often absorb more modular/crew damage than most other tanks<br />
* Crew of 10 makes increases the survivability to enemy fire<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Slow and with poor manoeuvrability<br />
* Large target, easily spotted by ground vehicles and aircraft<br />
* Poorly armoured despite the size<br />
* Gun is mounted high and with poor gun depression<br />
* Ammo racks are strewn all over the centre compartment when carrying large amounts<br />
* The main 76 mm gun has a short barrel, meaning its shells have very low muzzle velocity and poor penetration<br />
* Very likely to be hit by artillery strikes due to its big size<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
<br />
===Development===<br />
The '''T-35''' concept began from the OKMO design bureau of the Bolshevik Factory in 1930 when work began on a heavy tank. Two teams were made for two competing designs, one was headed by German engineer Grotte and the other was headed by N. Tsiets. Grotte worked on a 100-ton four-turreted TG-5 tank, armed with a 107 mm naval gun, using pneumatic servo-controls and suspension, but this was cancelled. N. Tsiets worked on a design that may be inspired by the British tank design Vickers A1E1 Independent, which is a multi-turret tank using one main turret with a gun and a smaller one's housing machine guns. This tank may also be the inspiration for the Soviet [[T-28|T-28 medium tank]].<br />
<br />
The development was completed with a prototype by July 1932. The prototype was about 35 tons, had a 76.2 mm main gun and four smaller turrets around it, two with a 37 mm gun and two with machine guns. There were many defects with the transmission design and the design was considered too complex for the manufacturing process, plus it was expensive. Work stopped for a simpler prototype to be produced. This simpler version had a new engine, gearbox, and an improved transmission over the previous prototype. Standardization on the turrets between the prototype and that on the T-28 medium tank was utilized so the small machine gun turret is the same between the two designs, the main gun turret was also nearly identical, but the one on the T-28 has a rear-facing machine gun. The design was approved for production on August 11, 1933, and was produced at the Kharkov Locomotive Factory with about 20 units produced.<br />
<br />
The tank was upgraded again from experiences of the two prototypes, the chassis was made longer, the hull redesigned, and 45 mm gun turrets from the [[BT-5|BT-5 light tanks]] used instead of a 37 mm gun. This was designated the T-35 Model 1935 and started production in 1935 and had 35 units built by 1938, with small improvements made throughout its production life. A final redesign made in 1938 had new turrets with sloping armour installed and modified side skirts for protecting the idler wheel, six of these Model 1938s were produced. The total production run from 1933 to 1938 produced a total of 61 T-35s for the Soviet Union, its high cost being the deciding factor that ended its production. A variant produced from the chassis was a self-propelled artillery mount called the SU-14, but only two were made and never reached production stages.<br />
<br />
===Design===<br />
The T-35 is the only five-turreted tank to ever enter production. The main turret in the centre and mounted high is equipped with a 76 mm KT-28 cannon, two secondary turrets mounted front right and back left had a 45 mm 20-K gun, and two more secondary turrets on the front left and back right had a 7.62 mm machine gun. Despite being a rather large tank, the interior was quite constricted for its crew. The crew of 11-12 men were crammed together and this directly affected their combat efficiency. The crew layout was a compartment for the driver, each machine gun turret had one man, two men in the turret with 45 mm guns, and three men in the main turret. It was typical for a couple of crewmen to serve outside the tank. A senior driver was responsible for the transmission and running gear. While a mechanic overlooked and took care of the engine. Construction of the T-35s armour was a mix of welds and rivets. The tank was powered by a 12-Cylinder Mikulin M-17M engine generating nearly 500 hp and was considered underpowered. The design had many reliability issues and even flaws, such as the main turret being able to render escape hatches on the smaller turrets unable to be opened due to its gun mount.<br />
<br />
===Combat usage===<br />
The T-35 was issued to the 5th Separate Heavy Tank Brigade in Moscow and was involved in parades through the Red Square from 1935 until 1940. The T-35 was there to impress spectators as well as foreign observers rather than as a fighting piece. In June 1940, the T-35 was subjected to either be withdrawn from front-line duties, be converted into self-propelled artillery, or be sent to military academies for future studies. It was decided to keep them for combat purposes and the T-35s were issued to the 67th and 68th Tank Regiments in the 34th Tank Division in the 8th Mechanized Corps in the Kiev Special Military District. The T-35 then saw action against the German forces when Operation Barbarossa was commenced. Though the tanks actual combat history is not very well documented, the tank regiments they were assigned to report a loss of 90% of the vehicles, more to mechanical failures than to enemy combat. These broken-down tanks were subsequently destroyed by their crews to avoid capture. The last reported use of these tanks was during the Battle of Moscow, where two T-35s were deployed and its performance went unrecorded. One such vehicle was captured by the Germans and sent to the Kummersdorf military proving grounds for evaluations. This captured T-35 may or may not be the same one the German used during the Battle of Berlin in April 1945.<br />
<br />
The T-35 was once mistaken for taking part in the Winter War against Finland, this is due to the deployment of the [[SMK]], T-100s, and [[KV-1 (L-11)|KV-1s]] prototypes into the battle as combat testing. The SMK was disabled by the Finnish and was documented in photographs, which the German intelligence designated as the T-35C, despite being not related to the T-35 tank.<br />
<br />
===Survivors===<br />
Today, a single T-35 is left not only in an intact state but still in running condition. This tank is held in the Kubinka Tank Museum in Moscow and only survived because it was used as a training facility rather than combat use. Kubinka also holds the second prototype of the aforementioned SU-14 self-propelled artillery gun.<br />
<br />
{{break}}<br />
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}<br />
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}<br />
This tank came into service in 1933 and was mass-produced between 1933 and 1939. In total, around 60 of them were made. The vehicle had a classic layout: the driver's compartment was located in the front, the fighting compartment in the middle and the engine compartment in the rear. Its armament was installed in five turrets on two tiers. A 76.2 mm KT-28 cannon and a 7.62 mm DT machine gun were installed in the central rotating turret. Two 45 mm 20K Mod. 1932 cannons were diagonally mounted on the lower tier and could fire to the forward right and forward left. Two machine guns were also diagonally mounted next to the cannon turrets. The undercarriage was protected by add-on armour plates.<br />
<br />
Between 1933 and 1939, numerous changes were introduced to the vehicle's basic structure. The 1935 model was longer and received a new turret with a 76.2 mm L-10 cannon. The hull sides were equipped with new add-on armour. The tank's mass grew to 55 tonnes, while the crew complement was reduced to 9. In 1938, turrets with sloping armour were installed on the last six tanks owing to the increased power of anti-tank artillery.<br />
<br />
Most of these heavy tanks were lost in battle in the summer and autumn of 1941, mostly due to mechanical failures. Two T-35s were used in the Battle of Moscow. The tank was used in combat for the last time at the end of April 1945, when the Germans used a captured T-35 during the defence of Berlin.<br />
<br />
This vehicle's firepower surpassed that of any other contemporary tank in the world. However, this complicated its structural system. The tank's traction and dynamic properties were insufficient, which was particularly noticeable when it turned. All these flaws in combination prevented the heavy tank from completing the tasks set before it. The high number of turrets resulted in the commander being unable to effectively control firing. The tank's weak armour meant that it was vulnerable to artillery, and its low mobility and huge size made it a perfect target.<br />
{{Navigation-End}}<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_t_35 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|RyA5KcS2hAw|'''Multi-turreted Tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:56 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|KcIrumziZb0|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|Owf2e7Xtx70|'''A unique exhibit of the T-35A tank''' - ''Kubinka Tank Museum''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role<br />
<br />
* [[Nb.Fz.]]<br />
* [[Independent]]<br />
* [[Ro-Go]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/news/891--en|[Vehicle Profile] T-35: The Land Battleship]]<br />
* [[wt:en/news/725--en|A True Land Leviathan]]<br />
<br />
{{TankManufacturer OKMO}}<br />
{{USSR heavy tanks}}<br />
{{USSR premium ground vehicles}}</div>U107834404https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=T-35&diff=147966T-352022-12-21T08:54:47Z<p>U107834404: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=ussr_t_35<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.43]].<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
The T-35 has an astounding 10 crew members, the second highest crew count of all ground vehicles in the game (Behind the Char 2C). While the armour may not provide great protection against enemies even at Rank I, the large crew count makes up in part for the tank's survivability in combat. The T-35 is large and difficult to conceal. However, don't be deceived by its size: the T-35's armour is barely more than 30 mm thick. Even with a standard Rank I gun, you may be able to penetrate its armour. The roof is only 14 to 20 mm thick, heavy machine guns can easily cut through. The complex armour structure also creates many shot traps.<br />
<br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour<br />
<br />
[[File:T-35 Turrets.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Turrets shown on the T-35 - The main turret is at centre, the secondary turrets with cannons are on the top left and bottom right, and the machine gun turrets are on the top right and bottom left.]]<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 30 mm (20°) ''Front plate'' <br> 24 mm (77°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 30 mm (18-63°) ''Lower glacis'' || 11 + 23 mm || 10 mm (20-77°) ''Top'' <br> 20 mm (12-63°) ''Bottom'' || 10 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Main Turret || 20 mm ''Turret front'' <br> 20 mm (0-7°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 20 mm || 21 mm || 15 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Secondary Turret || 17 mm (0-84°) ''Turret front'' <br> 17 mm (1-32°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 25 mm (0-1°) || 15 mm || 10 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Machine gun Turret || 22 mm (1°) || 23 mm (0-1°) || 10 mm || 10 mm<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, bogies are 10 mm thick, and tracks are 20 mm thick.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
The T-35 is very long, making turning difficult with the narrow tracks. In urban environments, it can get stuck into difficult situations in close quarters<br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=646|rbMinHp=442}}<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|KT-28 (76 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[KT-28 (76 mm)|76 mm KT-28]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 96 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 18.2 || 25.2 || 30.6 || 33.8 || 36.0 || rowspan="2" | 5.20 || rowspan="2" | 4.60 || rowspan="2" | 4.24 || rowspan="2" | 4.00<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 13.4 || 15.8 || 19.1 || 21.1 || 22.5<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| BR-350A (MD-5 fuze) || APHEBC || 37 || 37 || 34 || 30 || 27 || 24<br />
|-<br />
| OF-350M || HE || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11<br />
|-<br />
| Sh-353 || Shrapnel || 18 || 17 || 15 || 13 || 12 || 10<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| BR-350A (MD-5 fuze) || APHEBC || 370 || 6.3 || 1.2 || 14 || 155 || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| OF-350M || HE || 387 || 6.2 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 710 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| Sh-353 || Shrapnel || 381 || 6.44 || 1.2 || 14 || 85 || 62° || 69° || 73°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|350px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<!-- '''Last updated:''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack<br>empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack<br>empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack<br>empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack<br>empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack<br>empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack<br>empty<br />
! 7th<br>rack<br>empty<br />
! 8th<br>rack<br>empty<br />
|-<br />
| '''96''' || 87&nbsp;''(+9)'' || 77&nbsp;''(+19)'' || 72&nbsp;''(+24)'' || 67&nbsp;''(+29)'' || 57&nbsp;''(+39)'' || 46&nbsp;''(+50)'' || 41&nbsp;''(+55)'' || 33&nbsp;''(+63)''<br />
|-<br />
! 9th<br>rack<br>empty<br />
! 10th<br>rack<br>empty<br />
! 11th<br>rack<br>empty<br />
! 12th<br>rack<br>empty<br />
! 13th<br>rack<br>empty<br />
! 14th<br>rack<br>empty<br />
! 15th<br>rack<br>empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
| 25&nbsp;''(+71)'' || 21&nbsp;''(+75)'' || 18&nbsp;''(+78)'' || 13&nbsp;''(+83)'' || 10&nbsp;''(+86)'' || 6&nbsp;''(+90)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+95)'' || Yes<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Notes''':<br />
<br />
* Racks disappear after you've fired all shells in the rack.<br />
* Side walls empty: 46&nbsp;''(+50)'' shells<br />
<br />
=== Additional armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
<!-- ''Some tanks are armed with several guns in one or more turrets. Evaluate the additional weaponry and give advice on its use. Describe the ammunition available for additional weaponry. Give advice on about how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage. If there is no additional weaponry remove this subsection.'' --><br />
{{main|20-K (45 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The {{PAGENAME}} sports 2 turrets equipped with 45 mm 20-K cannons in addition to the main turret equipped with the 76 mm howitzer. Despite the huge ammo reserve for the secondary turrets, the total ammo is split between the two turrets. This means that if one 45 mm cannon fires more than the other, it will run out and be unable to fire until resupplied.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | Front [[20-K (45 mm)|45 mm 20-K]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 113 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+32° || rowspan="2" | -50°/+123° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 12 || 17 || 20 || 23 || 24 || rowspan="2" | 3.8 || rowspan="2" | 3.4 || rowspan="2" | 3.1 || rowspan="2" | 2.9<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 8.9 || 11 || 13 || 14 || 15<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | Rear [[20-K (45 mm)|45 mm 20-K]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 113 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+32° || rowspan="2" | -48°/+117° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 12 || 17 || 20 || 23 || 24 || rowspan="2" | 3.8 || rowspan="2" | 3.4 || rowspan="2" | 3.1 || rowspan="2" | 2.9<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 8.9 || 11 || 13 || 14 || 15<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| BR-240SP || APBC || 73 || 70 || 60 || 50 || 41 || 34<br />
|-<br />
| BR-240 || APHEBC || 70 || 67 || 58 || 47 || 39 || 32<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| BR-240SP || APBC || 757 || 1.43 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| BR-240 || APHEBC || 760 || 1.43 || 1.2 || 9 || 29.26 || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|400px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<!-- '''Last updated:''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''226''' || 115&nbsp;''(+111)'' || 2&nbsp;''(+224)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes''':<br />
<br />
* Racks disappear after you've fired all shells in the rack.<br />
* Rear turret empty: 115&nbsp;''(+111)'' shells.<br />
* It is possible to run out of ammo for the front secondary turret if it is used too long.<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|DT (7.62 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[DT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm DT]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Main Coaxial mount || 1,260 (63) || 600 || ±15° || ±15°<br />
|-<br />
| Turret coaxial mount (x2) || 2,520 (63) || 600 || N/A || N/A<br />
|-<br />
| Front left turret mount || 1,260 (63) || 600 || ±15° || -130°/+10°<br />
|-<br />
| Rear right turret mount || 1,260 (63) || 600 || ±15° || -140°/+20°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
The T-35 is the largest tank among the Rank I vehicles. With a multi-turreted platform of two 45 mm cannons and one 76.2 mm cannon, the tank can combat enemies at an almost 360° angle. However, the armour is quite thin for a vehicle of its size so one should not play this vehicle like a typical heavy tank later down the rank. The speed is decent for a vehicle of its size, however, so it is possible to catch the enemies off guard by attacking from an area they least expect. The T-35 is nothing short of a behemoth, being able to take more penetrating hits than any tank at this BR with his large crew. Although possessing a relatively heavy armament, the lack of armour for its size and speed really limits its playstyle.<br />
<br />
;Stay with your team<br />
<br />
Staying with your team ensures it isn't as easy for enemy tanks to take you out, this is most easily achieved if playing with friends who you have direct communication to. However, do not overextend, as if your teammates die you're a sitting duck, especially if you were daring enough to be in the middle of the battlefield.<br />
<br />
;Stay behind cover<br />
<br />
Probably the most obvious way to play, taking cover and avoiding large and open terrain means you have the best chance of survival. This tactic may not be viable most of the time, it all depends on which maps you play.<br />
<br />
;Enemies worth noting<br />
<br />
* The [[BT-42]] is a fast Swedish tank destroyer with a 114 mm cannon, this captured and modified BT-7 is one of the biggest threats to go up against as a T-35. Both its HE and HEAT shells can instantly eliminate the T-35 due to overpressure mechanics. When spotted, it's best to instantly shoot for its turret to disable it from being able to shoot back since one shot from the BT-42 enough is to send you back to the spawn menu. After neutralizing the gunner, follow up with a shot to the driver's spot.<br />
* The [[Lancia 3Ro (100/17)]] is a fast Italian truck equipped with a 100 mm cannon. This truck might seem weak but be careful of its gun. Any of its shells are capable of knocking the T-35 with overpressure. When spotted, it's best to make use of 1 out of your 5 x 7.62 mm DT machine guns to easily take care of the gunner and the crew, resulting in an elimination.<br />
<br />
* SPAAS like the [[Flakpanzer I]], [[Flakpanzer 38]], [[Sd.Kfz. 6/2]], [[M15 CGMC]], [[Pvlvv fm/42]] and the [[AS 42]]. You should be very careful with SPAAs. Just like many tanks at this rank, SPAAs have proven to be very effective at knocking out tanks, including your T-35. These SPAAs sport 20 mm to 37 mm autocannons that are capable of easily neutralizing your whole crew shot after shot if you don't respond fast enough to these threats. But there is an easy way to take care of them: when spotted or being attacked by, make use of 1 out of your 5 x 7.62 mm DT machine guns and aim at their gunner to disarm them. After that, start spraying all over the SPAA and knock out as much crew as possible to neutralize the enemy, you can as well shoot with your main or secondary armament at its engine to prevent it from driving away.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* The KT-28 cannon destroys anything it penetrates with a single hit<br />
* No less than three cannons available for use<br />
* Can have guns pointed towards the front and rear at the same time<br />
* High rate of fire with all weapons<br />
* Large ammunition capacity<br />
* Large frame can often absorb more modular/crew damage than most other tanks<br />
* Crew of 10 makes increases the survivability to enemy fire<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Slow and with poor manoeuvrability<br />
* Large target, easily spotted by ground vehicles and aircraft<br />
* Poorly armoured despite the size<br />
* Gun is mounted high and with poor gun depression<br />
* Ammo racks are strewn all over the centre compartment when carrying large amounts<br />
* The main 76 mm gun has a short barrel, meaning its shells have very low muzzle velocity and poor penetration<br />
* Very likely to be hit by artillery strikes due to its big size<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
<br />
===Development===<br />
The '''T-35''' concept began from the OKMO design bureau of the Bolshevik Factory in 1930 when work began on a heavy tank. Two teams were made for two competing designs, one was headed by German engineer Grotte and the other was headed by N. Tsiets. Grotte worked on a 100-ton four-turreted TG-5 tank, armed with a 107 mm naval gun, using pneumatic servo-controls and suspension, but this was cancelled. N. Tsiets worked on a design that may be inspired by the British tank design Vickers A1E1 Independent, which is a multi-turret tank using one main turret with a gun and a smaller one's housing machine guns. This tank may also be the inspiration for the Soviet [[T-28|T-28 medium tank]].<br />
<br />
The development was completed with a prototype by July 1932. The prototype was about 35 tons, had a 76.2 mm main gun and four smaller turrets around it, two with a 37 mm gun and two with machine guns. There were many defects with the transmission design and the design was considered too complex for the manufacturing process, plus it was expensive. Work stopped for a simpler prototype to be produced. This simpler version had a new engine, gearbox, and an improved transmission over the previous prototype. Standardization on the turrets between the prototype and that on the T-28 medium tank was utilized so the small machine gun turret is the same between the two designs, the main gun turret was also nearly identical, but the one on the T-28 has a rear-facing machine gun. The design was approved for production on August 11, 1933, and was produced at the Kharkov Locomotive Factory with about 20 units produced.<br />
<br />
The tank was upgraded again from experiences of the two prototypes, the chassis was made longer, the hull redesigned, and 45 mm gun turrets from the [[BT-5|BT-5 light tanks]] used instead of a 37 mm gun. This was designated the T-35 Model 1935 and started production in 1935 and had 35 units built by 1938, with small improvements made throughout its production life. A final redesign made in 1938 had new turrets with sloping armour installed and modified side skirts for protecting the idler wheel, six of these Model 1938s were produced. The total production run from 1933 to 1938 produced a total of 61 T-35s for the Soviet Union, its high cost being the deciding factor that ended its production. A variant produced from the chassis was a self-propelled artillery mount called the SU-14, but only two were made and never reached production stages.<br />
<br />
===Design===<br />
The T-35 is the only five-turreted tank to ever enter production. The main turret in the centre and mounted high is equipped with a 76 mm KT-28 cannon, two secondary turrets mounted front right and back left had a 45 mm 20-K gun, and two more secondary turrets on the front left and back right had a 7.62 mm machine gun. Despite being a rather large tank, the interior was quite constricted for its crew. The crew of 11-12 men were crammed together and this directly affected their combat efficiency. The crew layout was a compartment for the driver, each machine gun turret had one man, two men in the turret with 45 mm guns, and three men in the main turret. It was typical for a couple of crewmen to serve outside the tank. A senior driver was responsible for the transmission and running gear. While a mechanic overlooked and took care of the engine. Construction of the T-35s armour was a mix of welds and rivets. The tank was powered by a 12-Cylinder Mikulin M-17M engine generating nearly 500 hp and was considered underpowered. The design had many reliability issues and even flaws, such as the main turret being able to render escape hatches on the smaller turrets unable to be opened due to its gun mount.<br />
<br />
===Combat usage===<br />
The T-35 was issued to the 5th Separate Heavy Tank Brigade in Moscow and was involved in parades through the Red Square from 1935 until 1940. The T-35 was there to impress spectators as well as foreign observers rather than as a fighting piece. In June 1940, the T-35 was subjected to either be withdrawn from front-line duties, be converted into self-propelled artillery, or be sent to military academies for future studies. It was decided to keep them for combat purposes and the T-35s were issued to the 67th and 68th Tank Regiments in the 34th Tank Division in the 8th Mechanized Corps in the Kiev Special Military District. The T-35 then saw action against the German forces when Operation Barbarossa was commenced. Though the tanks actual combat history is not very well documented, the tank regiments they were assigned to report a loss of 90% of the vehicles, more to mechanical failures than to enemy combat. These broken-down tanks were subsequently destroyed by their crews to avoid capture. The last reported use of these tanks was during the Battle of Moscow, where two T-35s were deployed and its performance went unrecorded. One such vehicle was captured by the Germans and sent to the Kummersdorf military proving grounds for evaluations. This captured T-35 may or may not be the same one the German used during the Battle of Berlin in April 1945.<br />
<br />
The T-35 was once mistaken for taking part in the Winter War against Finland, this is due to the deployment of the [[SMK]], T-100s, and [[KV-1 (L-11)|KV-1s]] prototypes into the battle as combat testing. The SMK was disabled by the Finnish and was documented in photographs, which the German intelligence designated as the T-35C, despite being not related to the T-35 tank.<br />
<br />
===Survivors===<br />
Today, a single T-35 is left not only in an intact state but still in running condition. This tank is held in the Kubinka Tank Museum in Moscow and only survived because it was used as a training facility rather than combat use. Kubinka also holds the second prototype of the aforementioned SU-14 self-propelled artillery gun.<br />
<br />
{{break}}<br />
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}<br />
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}<br />
This tank came into service in 1933 and was mass-produced between 1933 and 1939. In total, around 60 of them were made. The vehicle had a classic layout: the driver's compartment was located in the front, the fighting compartment in the middle and the engine compartment in the rear. Its armament was installed in five turrets on two tiers. A 76.2 mm KT-28 cannon and a 7.62 mm DT machine gun were installed in the central rotating turret. Two 45 mm 20K Mod. 1932 cannons were diagonally mounted on the lower tier and could fire to the forward right and forward left. Two machine guns were also diagonally mounted next to the cannon turrets. The undercarriage was protected by add-on armour plates.<br />
<br />
Between 1933 and 1939, numerous changes were introduced to the vehicle's basic structure. The 1935 model was longer and received a new turret with a 76.2 mm L-10 cannon. The hull sides were equipped with new add-on armour. The tank's mass grew to 55 tonnes, while the crew complement was reduced to 9. In 1938, turrets with sloping armour were installed on the last six tanks owing to the increased power of anti-tank artillery.<br />
<br />
Most of these heavy tanks were lost in battle in the summer and autumn of 1941, mostly due to mechanical failures. Two T-35s were used in the Battle of Moscow. The tank was used in combat for the last time at the end of April 1945, when the Germans used a captured T-35 during the defence of Berlin.<br />
<br />
This vehicle's firepower surpassed that of any other contemporary tank in the world. However, this complicated its structural system. The tank's traction and dynamic properties were insufficient, which was particularly noticeable when it turned. All these flaws in combination prevented the heavy tank from completing the tasks set before it. The high number of turrets resulted in the commander being unable to effectively control firing. The tank's weak armour meant that it was vulnerable to artillery, and its low mobility and huge size made it a perfect target.<br />
{{Navigation-End}}<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_t_35 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|RyA5KcS2hAw|'''Multi-turreted Tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:56 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|KcIrumziZb0|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|Owf2e7Xtx70|'''A unique exhibit of the T-35A tank''' - ''Kubinka Tank Museum''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role<br />
<br />
* [[Nb.Fz.]]<br />
* [[Independent]]<br />
* [[Ro-Go]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/news/891--en|[Vehicle Profile] T-35: The Land Battleship]]<br />
* [[wt:en/news/725--en|A True Land Leviathan]]<br />
<br />
{{TankManufacturer OKMO}}<br />
{{USSR heavy tanks}}<br />
{{USSR premium ground vehicles}}</div>U107834404https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=ZiS-12_(94-KM)&diff=135495ZiS-12 (94-KM)2022-08-24T11:59:11Z<p>U107834404: /* Pros and cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=ussr_zis_12_94KM_1945<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (94-KM gun mount on a ZIS-12 truck) is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet self-propelled anti-aircraft vehicle {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.57 "Battle March"]].<br />
<br />
The 94-KM is an improvement over the [[GAZ-MM (72-K)]] with its dual-mounted 25 mm cannons, increasing its rate of fire and area of saturation for anti-aircraft duties.<br />
<br />
This SPAA is commonly referred to as the "Milk Truck" by the community.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
The armour of the ZiS-12 (as seen in prior models) is inexistent even for shrapnel. Thus, the commander should always avoid or shoot to kill whatever enemy he sees. Not only for the fact the main gun is able to destroy the SPAA in a single shot but also because even low calibre machine gun fire is able to destroy the vehicle, specially on the vehicle turret as it is open. All aircraft will be able to get easy kills with this if the commander is unaware of aircraft existence. Being an open vehicle with milimetrical thickness armour and no gun shield invites all enemy players to use machine guns to kill it.<br />
<br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Structural steel<br />
* Wood (Truck bed)<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Gun mount)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Driver's cabin || 1 mm || 1 mm || 1 mm || 1 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Cargo bed || 15 mm || 15 mm || 15 mm || 15 mm<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* The wheels are 2 mm thick.<br />
* The truck bed is 15 mm of wood, which will probably not offer as much protection as the truck cab.<br />
* The radiator housing is unarmoured.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=99|rbMinHp=62}}<br />
<br />
The mobility of the ZiS-12 is not exactly the fastest but is not mediocre either. When used on roads, top speeds are really high and is able to reach speeds of 80km/h. When off-road, the ZiS-12 will struggle, not much but speed will be drastically reduced compared to roads. Mud, water, sand and snow are the worst enemies of tires, mainly for the treaction for said environments. When in maps in which sand or snow are inevitable (Sands of Sinai for example) always stay on or close to a road.<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
The most important module for this anti-air vehicle is arguably the OZR-132 full-HE ammo belt, which greatly improves the cannon's anti-air abilities. Since the vehicle has practically no armour, it usually finds little success in an anti-tank role, so the BR-132 modification is not as useful, even though it gives the vehicle high-penetrating rounds. Similarly, mobility upgrades are not a top priority when it comes to modules for the ZiS-12.<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|72-K (25 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The ZiS-12 (94-KM) is armed with dual 25 mm autocannons, devastating for all armoured vehicles seen at the battle rating. The calibre and penetration is not the most fearful characteristic of this weapons, the fire rate and RPM is. Due to being dual mount, the RPM is elevated to 480. At first sight this may not be seen as a threat but depending on the ammunition used, the ZiS-12 is able to either play anti-tank or anti-air role. The RPM helps not only in scaring enemy planes but also to redirect fire upon missed shots. A single hit to an aircraft with this weapons will be fatal, even with the AP belt.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="6" | [[72-K (25 mm)|25 mm 72-K]] (x2) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 560 (7) || rowspan="2" | 240 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+85° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 30.8 || 42.7 || 51.8 || 57.3 || 60.9 || rowspan="2" | 0.26 || rowspan="2" | 0.23 || rowspan="2" | 0.21 || rowspan="2" | 0.20<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 20.8 || 24.5 || 29.8 || 32.9 || 35.0<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
<br />
* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|FI-T*|Fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}} - These belts can fulfill both roles until the others are researched but with a lesser effectiveness.<br />
* '''OZR-132:''' {{Annotation|FI-T*|Fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}} - These are suited to the AA role but useless against ground vehicles.<br />
* '''BR-132:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}} - These are best against lightly armoured tanks at close range and still do good damage to planes.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt<br />
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Default || 55 || 52 || 42 || 32 || 25 || 19<br />
|-<br />
| OZR-132 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2<br />
|-<br />
| BR-132 || 55 || 52 || 42 || 32 || 25 || 19<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Belt details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| OZR-132 || FI-T* || 910 || 0.29 || 0 || 0.1 || 13 || 47° || 56° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| BR-132 || AP-T || 900 || 0.28 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<!-- '''Last updated: 2.9.0.33''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''80''' || 42&nbsp;''(+38)'' || 2&nbsp;''(+78)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
Note:<br />
<br />
* The ammunition is modeled as 2 racks, each containing half the clips.<br />
* The ammunition is composed of 80 clips of 7 rounds.<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
This anti-aircraft gun is used similarly as the GAZ-MM (72-K) and is armed with not one, but two 25 mm cannons that dish out twice the damage, traded for the gun shield of the former. Get to a good vantage point using the vehicle's speed, and then use the cannons to shoot down aircraft that threaten the team. Beware of any tanks or aircraft, as even machine guns can destroy the vehicle. If faced with light tanks, try to run away with the high speed of the vehicle, or try to destroy it using the cannons. The 25 mm's will offer enough penetration to go through most of a light tank's armour. A good strategy might be to flank the enemy team or an individual and attack it from the side. Caution should be paid to what tank you are shooting at, although the AP clip is effective against the side armour of most tanks this vehicle will be up against. Heavy tanks should be avoided, unless the ZiS-12 is serving as a distraction for the team or you are sure that you can penetrate their armour. Again, being shot by anything will often result in your vehicle being destroyed or put out of action. Although this vehicle is speedy, speed alone will not be enough to avoid enemy shots and machine-gun fire. One way to help mitigate the damage your vehicle might take in an engagement is by reversing up a hill, depressing your barrels over the ridge, only exposing two of your four crew members. Even if you do get shot, the driver and commander will usually survive, allowing you to escape.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Lightly-armoured enemies are easy to penetrate with AP rounds<br />
* Dual-mounted cannons have a high rate of fire<br />
* Extremely low reload time allows the guns to fire nearly continuously<br />
* Good engine and transmission will enable it to accelerate and drive at high speeds and stop in a reasonable distance<br />
* Air targets belt almost guarantees shooting down a plane on a direct hit<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* No armour or protection whatsoever<br />
* Ground vehicles and planes can quickly destroy the vehicle with a mere machine gun<br />
* Anything with a blast radius (artillery, chemical shells, bombs, rockets) will turn this vehicle inside out with one hit<br />
* Vulnerable to flipping at high speeds<br />
* Cannot shoot straight ahead due to driving compartment<br />
* Limited ammo count, meaning that ammo runs out quite fast if used recklessly<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
Soviet mobile anti-aircraft defences in World War II was quite lacking in comparison to other nation's. Their self-propelled anti-aircraft guns are mainly improvised truck beds mounting a light anti-aircraft gun, such as Maxim machine guns on the [[GAZ-AAA (4M)]] and a single 25 mm autocannon in the [[GAZ-MM (72-K)]]. By the end of 1943, the design bureau at Plant no.88 wanted to mount two 25 mm 72-K guns onto a truck bed. The guidance system on the new design was derived from the 37 mm 61-K gun. The gun system was mounted onto the back of a ZIS-12 truck bed, which was derived from the ZIS-5 truck. In 1944, the weapon system was accepted for testing and later approved as the '''94-KM ZIS-12'''. Plant no.88 produced the 94-KM from 1944 to 1945 before stopping at either production number 225 or 237, possibly due to the introduction of the better [[ZSU-37]] anti-aircraft system.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_zis_12_94KM_1945 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|CwL60msiuos|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role<br />
<br />
* [[GAZ-MM (72-K)]]<br />
* [[Sd.Kfz. 6/2]]<br />
* [[CCKW 353 AA]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/devblog/current/888|[Devblog] 94-KM SPAAG]]<br />
<br />
{{USSR anti-aircraft vehicles}}<br />
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]</div>U107834404https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Ha-Go_Commander&diff=117092Ha-Go Commander2021-12-09T05:40:11Z<p>U107834404: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
|about= Japanese light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
|other<br />
|usage-1 = other versions<br />
|link-1 = Ha-Go (Family)<br />
|usage-2 = other usess<br />
|link-2 = Ha-Go (Disambiguation)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=jp_type_95_ha_go_commander<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' ({{Annotation|九五式軽戦車 指揮車型「ハ号」|Kyūgo-Shiki Kei-Sensha Shiki-Shagata [Ha-Gō]}}) is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.65 "Way of the Samurai"]] along with the initial set of the Japanese Ground Forces Tree and was the prize in the [[wt:en/news/4418-special-collect-a-premium-type-95-ha-go-commander-for-christmas-en|2016 "Christmas gift"]] giveaway.<br />
<br />
The command version (not variant) of the [[Ha-Go]] comes with an additional 4 smoke grenades.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
[[File:Ha-Go first prototype under public domain .jpg|right|300px|thumb|3/4 front view and 3/4 rear view of the '''Ha-Go Prototype'''.]]<br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 12 mm ''Front plate'' <br> 9 mm (73°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 12 mm (17°) ''Joint plate'' <br> 9 mm (69°) ''Lower glacis'' || 12 mm || 10 mm || 9 mm ''Front'' <br> 6 mm ''Rear''<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 12 mm ''Turret front'' <br> 30 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 12 mm || 12 mm || 12 mm<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Cupola || 12 mm || 6 mm<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels and tracks are both 15 mm thick.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=130|rbMinHp=106}}<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|Type 94 (37 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[Type 94 (37 mm)|37 mm Type 94]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 119 || rowspan="2" | -15°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Vertical || 14.95 || 20.69 || 25.12 || 27.78 || 29.55 || rowspan="2" | 4.29 || rowspan="2" | 3.80 || rowspan="2" | 3.50 || rowspan="2" | 3.30<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 9.34 || 10.99 || 13.34 || 14.76 || 15.70<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Type 94 APHE || APHE || 34 || 33 || 27 || 22 || 17 || 14<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Type 94 APHE || APHE || 575 || 0.7 || 1.2 || 9 || 11 || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_Type95Ha-Go.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! 7th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''119''' || 116&nbsp;''(+3)'' || 107&nbsp;''(+12)'' || 94&nbsp;''(+25)'' || 89&nbsp;''(+30)'' || 81&nbsp;''(+38)'' || 49&nbsp;''(+70)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+129)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Turret & Left empty: 89&nbsp;''(+30)''<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|Type 97 (7.7 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[Type 97 (7.7 mm)|7.7 mm Type 97]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 3,000 (20) || 499 || ±22° || ±22°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
<br />
As a light tank in a Rank I battle, the best overall tactic is to get the first jump on an enemy since the Ha-Go's gun is able to penetrate most tank's armour, yet everyone else's can also penetrate the Ha-Go. In an offensive, try to attack the enemy from a direction not covered to catch them by surprise, then exploit it by using the Ha-Go's mobility to keep moving around the enemy once it gets close so the enemy could not get an accurate bead on it. In a defensive, hold back and try to cover a single area of contact so the Ha-Go could dispel its fire on any enemy approaching.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* 37 mm cannon equipped with APHE (Armour-Piercing High-Explosive) is enough to knock everything out of action<br />
* Excellent gun depression and elevation (-15˚ to 20˚)<br />
* BT-5 like speed (53 km/h on flat surface)<br />
* Decent horizontal turn rate (Average 11.2˚/s)<br />
* Tank is smaller than even the [[Pz.II C|Panzer II]], easy to hide behind cover<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Weak armour (12.7 mm machine guns are able to knock the tank out with ease)<br />
* Reverse speed is 5 km/h on any slope ground<br />
* Three man crew which means that the Ha-Go can be destroyed by a single shot, maybe two if lucky<br />
* Turns are sluggish at any speed<br />
* 37 mm gun quickly becomes outdated and ineffective against tougher foes<br />
* Smoke grenade launchers fire to the left side of the turret instead of to the front, so you have to turn the hull or turret to the right to cover your front<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
===Development===<br />
The deployment of the first Japanese domestic tank design, the [[I-Go Ko|Type 89 I-Go]], gave the Japanese good insight on the improvement of their armoured force. One of the pressing issues of the Type 89 was that the tank was too slow to keep up with motorized infantry, restricting the operational range or advance of a combined-arm unit to only 40 kilometers. Another tank design being fielded by the Type 89, the Type 92 cavalry tank, had the speed that fixes this problem, but its armour was too thin and only had a heavy machine gun armament. Thus, development started in July 1933 on a tank able to fix these problem, with the specifications that the tank should weigh only 7.7 tons and armed with a 37 mm gun. With the same engine as the Type 89, but half of its weight, the new tank would have a faster road speed.<ref name="ZalogaJapaneseTank">Zaloga Steven. ''Japanese Tanks 1939-1945'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2007</ref><br />
<br />
The production of the designs was given to Mitsubishi, with a prototype produced and ready for trials in June 1934. The design was sent to Manchuria and performed cold weather trials in the Independent Mixed Brigade. These trials were positive and the second prototype design was built in June 1935 with improvements based on the trials. With a well-received performance of the design, it was accepted for service in the Imperial Japanese Army as the '''Type 95 Ha-Go''' light tank (Accepted in 1935, Imperial year 2595. 'Ha-Go' name given by Mitsubishi).<ref name="ZalogaJapaneseTank">Zaloga Steven. ''Japanese Tanks 1939-1945'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2007</ref> Production lasted from 1936 to 1943, with up to 2,300 tanks produced in the time period, making it the most produced Japanese tank design in World War II.<br />
<br />
===Design===<br />
The Type 95 Ha-Go was a light tank weighing roughly 7.7 tons. It had a three-man crew with a turret that only held one person inside. The turret was armed with a 37 mm gun, as well as a machine gun mount on the rear of the turret just like the Type 89. The machine gun armament on the back allowed the commander to simply traverse the turret to use a certain armament for the situation desired. Despite that, the one-man turret meant the commander was overworked.<br />
<br />
The tank used the same engine on the Type 89B, the 120 hp Mitsubishi diesel engine. The suspension on the tank was quite simple, two bogies with wheels suspended on a bell crank with a front sprocket and two return rollers on each side. The two bogies were attached to a brace, connecting the two to fix problems with the pitching that inhibited the tank's driving ability, but the suspension still gave the crew a rough ride when driving on uneven ground. A unique feature on the Type 95 design was that there was an asbestos padding area separating the interior area from the hull armour to protect the crew from burning on hot metal armour and from injury on hitting the hull from the tank's rough driving experience.<br />
<br />
[[File:Ha-Go with a smoke candle launcher as a field modification.jpg|thumb|300px|Close up image of Ha-Go turret with the smoke launcher field modification]]<br />
This Ha-Go version possesses four smoke grenades, mounted on the turret's side. There is no official factory documentation as this is a field modification, utilizing the Type 99 short self-projecting smoke candle.<br />
<br />
===Combat usage===<br />
The Type 95's was first deployed in the Second Sino-Japanese War. The Type 95s in the theater were generally well-received due to the inferiority of China's anti-tank defenses and their tank forces usually consist of machine gun-armed tanks like the Panzer I and CV33. The Type 95 Ha-Go's first major combat was during the border conflicts between Japan and the Soviet Union during the battles at Khalkhin Gol. The Type 95 made up a good portion of the 4th Tank Regiment in the 1st Tank Corps, alongside [[I-Go Ko|Type 89]]s and Type 94 tankettes. These tanks generally fought against the Soviet's [[BT-5]] and [[BT-7]] tanks, which were in the same class as the Ha-Gos, though the Japanese took special note on the 45 mm cannon on the Soviet tanks, which they deemed superior to the Ha-Go 37 mm cannon. The two side exchanged multiple battles and territories, eventually resulting in a ceasefire between the two nations in August 1939.<br />
<br />
The next major usage of the Type 95 Ha-Go would be in opening stages of World War II when Japan invades the Allied territory after their surprise attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. Their first usage was in the Malaya campaign, then Singapore, then the Burma campaign. Despite the British technological superiority over the Japanese with their tank designs in Europe, their self-created concept that tanks were next-to-useless in the Pacific jungles caused them to have a severe shortage of armour in the Pacific in the early stages of the war. The Japanese however, with no experience in jungle warfare, managed to invade with Type 95 alongside [[Chi-Ha|Type 97 mediums]] as their spearhead. The Type 95 would also be involved with America's first tank-to-tank battle during the Battle of the Philippines. Type 95s from the 4th Tank Regiment came across U.S. [[M3 Stuart|M3 Stuarts]] from the 192nd Tank Battalion. Despite the Stuarts being five years newer than the Type 95, the two tanks were deemed very similar performance-wise. In this engagement, the Type 95 managed to spot the U.S. tanks first and open fired, destroying one of the Stuarts in the platoon and the west withdrew under fire.<br />
<br />
The Japanese continued using their Ha-Go in the Pacific Theater all the way until the end of the war. Even when outmatched by the newer American tanks like the [[M4|M4 Shermans]], the lack of any better equipment forced the Japanese Army to play with what they've got left. This led to costly defeats in the Japanese tank units on Tarawa, Saipan, Guam, Peleliu, and Okinawa as the tank units were used in reckless charges or static pillboxes as they were destroyed via tank, cannon, or bazooka fire.<br />
<br />
After the war, the remnants of the Japanese Army left behind a huge number of Type 95 Ha-Go in their depot at the occupied territory. This led to a massive amount of tanks being captured and used by the opposing sides of the Chinese Civil War. Another curious user of the captured Japanese tanks were the French, which captured them from Japanese-occupied area in French Indochina. The French used the Japanese tanks alongside French tanks to hastily make units called 'Commando Blindé du Cambodge' to fight in the First Indochina War.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=jp_type_95_ha_go_commander Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/news/4418-special-collect-a-premium-type-95-ha-go-commander-for-christmas-en Collect a premium|[Special] Type-95 Ha-Go Commander for Christmas!]]<br />
<br />
=== References ===<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
{{Japan light tanks}}<br />
{{Japan premium ground vehicles}}</div>U107834404https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Sd.Kfz._6/2&diff=116204Sd.Kfz. 6/22021-11-22T13:40:20Z<p>U107834404: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=germ_sdkfz_6_2_flak36<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Sd.Kfz.62.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German self-propelled anti-aircraft gun {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during the Closed Beta Test for Ground Forces before [[Update 1.41]].<br />
<br />
The 3.7-cm Flak 36 auf Selbstfahrlafette Sd.Kfz 6/2 with its 3.7 cm cannon can easily dispatch any aircraft given the circumstances. However, its gun (with APHE ammo) can also make it a very good improvised anti-tank vehicle if push comes to shove against an enemy tank.<br />
<br />
Because it is based on a simple truck, it has no armour anywhere and even machine guns can knock out the driver inside, and crew manning the turret is completely exposed. However, it can be surprisingly durable at times, mostly because of inexperienced players attacking it with AP/APCR ammo, and often targeting all the wrong places, like the Engine, Driver sitting inside, or edges of the turret armour. However, these attacks are a hit-or-miss as the hull-break mechanics mean that even a passing through AP round has the potential of utterly destroying the vehicle. The chances are worse if the enemy decides to sling over a chemical round for the explosion to do its deed. The mobility however is comparable to somewhere between a light and medium tank, and the chassis produces a favorable cross-country performance, so use this to get out of an area if spotted or being pursued.<br />
<br />
Being an SPAA, this vehicle is designed to shoot down aeroplanes. It was originally designed to follow alongside convoys, so to be used with other vehicles of the type. Its gun has a relatively low rate of fire for an SPAA, however, its shells pack quite the punch. Being a 37mm cannon, should it get a good hit, it will likely down the plane. It also gets access to AP belts, which can be used against tanks. It can penetrate any medium or light tank of its rank (from the side/rear usually), but will flat out be out of luck against heavier opponents like the [[KV-1 (Family)|KV-1]]. However, hunting tanks are not its job which is why it is not the best at that.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
*Structural Steel<br />
*Rolled homogeneous armour (Gun shield)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 3 mm (3-9°) ''Grille'' <br> 3 mm (83-84°) ''Front hood'' || 3 mm || 3 mm || 3 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Gun Shield || 7 mm (25-33°) || 10 mm || N/A || N/A<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* There is simply no armour anywhere, as it is basically a simple truck with AA gun mounted on its back<br />
* Only "armour" is on the front of the turret, which can protect from some light machine gun fire and shrapnel from nearby explosions<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=163|rbMinHp=102}}<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|FlaK36 (37 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="6" | [[FlaK36 (37 mm)|37 mm FlaK36]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 318 (6) || rowspan="2" | 160 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+85° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 30.82 || 42.66 || 51.80 || 57.28 || 60.94 || rowspan="2" | 0.49 || rowspan="2" | 0.43 || rowspan="2" | 0.40 || rowspan="2" | 0.38<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 20.83 || 24.50 || 29.75 || 32.90 || 35.00<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The driving compartment at the front of the vehicle creates a dead zone for the gun, that means that when an enemy is straight ahead you'll have to manoeuvre to get the gun on target. Take this into account when positioning your vehicle.<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
<br />
* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|APHE|Armour-piercing high-explosive}}{{-}}{{Annotation|FI-T|Fragmentation incendiary tracer}} - This belt can fulfill both roles (anti-aircraft and anti-tank) only at the cost of a halved rate of fire (especially for the anti-tank role) until dedicated belts are available.<br />
* '''Sprgr. 18:''' {{Annotation|FI-T|Fragmentation incendiary tracer}} - This belt is adapted to the anti-air role as it contains only incendiary rounds. It will deal next to no damage to ground vehicles.<br />
* '''PzGr:''' {{Annotation|APHE|Armour-piercing high-explosive}} - This belts deals decent damage against lightly armoured vehicles and planes but is best used against tanks. When targeting ground vehicles, focus on weak spots like the sides or the rear.<br />
* '''M.Gr.18:''' {{Annotation|FI-T|Fragmentation incendiary tracer}} - This belt excels in the anti-air role: with an increased muzzle velocity and a bigger explosive filler, it deals heavier damage to airplanes than the "Sprgr. 18" belt. It will deal next to no damage to ground vehicles.<br />
<br />
Since every FI-T bullet contains a tracer, it helps aiming at aircraft but detectability is also greatly increased.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Default || 49 || 46 || 33 || 22 || 14 || 10<br />
|-<br />
| Sprgr. 18 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3<br />
|-<br />
| PzGr || 49 || 46 || 33 || 22 || 14 || 10<br />
|-<br />
| M.Gr.18 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Belt details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Sprgr. 18 || FI-T || 820 || 0.62 || 0.3 || 0.1 || 49.3 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| PzGr || APHE || 770 || 0.69 || 1.2 || 9 || 22.1 || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| M.Gr.18 || FI-T || 914 || 0.55 || 0 || 0.1 || 108 || 47° || 56° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_Sd.Kfz.62.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<!-- '''Last updated:''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
|-<br />
| '''53''' || 50&nbsp;''(+3)'' || 46&nbsp;''(+7)'' || 43&nbsp;''(+10)'' || 39&nbsp;''(+14)''<br />
|-<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! 7th<br>rack empty<br />
! 8th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| 36&nbsp;''(+17)'' || 29&nbsp;''(+24)'' || 18&nbsp;''(+35)'' || 0&nbsp;''(+53)''|| Yes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
There are 15 ammunition boxes strung about the bed of the truck. Two under the loader, three sitting on the tailgate, and the rest under the benches behind the driver. Most tankers won't bother trying to ammo rack you thanks to your exposed crew members, so bring as much as you want. However, near misses from aircraft and tanks alike could set off a box since they are kind of everywhere if you do take a full load, so follow alternate recommendation if one has concerns for this.<br />
<br />
Notes:<br />
<br />
* Take a full loadout (53 clips of 6 rounds) if the battle might last.<br />
* Alternately, pack only 36 clips in order to keep all ammo boxes under the bed bench for shorter battles like AB.<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
To use this machine to its fullest capabilities it is recommended to stay from areas of heavy combat, as you can be taken out very easily, especially by machine gun fire and HE shells. You should always stay behind friendly troops, but don't stay at spawn as it is most likely the first place enemy planes will go to drop bombs.<br />
<br />
If you want to fight with the tanks, you'll definitely need to research APHE-only belts. However, the APHE's lacklustre penetration means this option is extremely limited and highly discouraged for a Sd.Kfz. 6/2 user. This is a tactic that should only be used as a last-stand measure against a flanking enemy that is unaware of the Sd.Kfz. 6/2's position. Avoid any open terrain, watch the battlefield situation carefully and wait, or use your speed to get out of any unfavourable battle condition. When the suitable target is spotted and in-range, it is a good idea is to reverse around the corner turned sideways, with your gun aiming at the expected enemy direction. This manoeuvre exposes only half of your turret and makes it possible to very quickly hide again behind the corner when needed. Your driver, engine and more than half of the vehicle remain hidden the whole time, meaning the chances of hull-break by kinetic shell would be reduced, but chemical shells would still finish off the tank upon contact. This kind of positioning also significantly shortening the exposure time and lowering the chance of being immobilised. When targeting tanks, aim at side armour of the hull and/or turret, or just hit any weak spots. Make sure the enemy is close by, generally less than 400 m, as the aim dispersion and massive recoil of the gun can cause the shells to spray everywhere, a bad idea if wanting to take out the enemy as quick and precise as possible.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* 37 mm capable of dealing heavy damage to planes upon contact<br />
* Deadly against light tanks and light-skinned tank destroyers<br />
* 37mm APHE is essentially an above average Rank I APHE round, able to cripple, if not outright OHKO any tank with a cramped enough interior (e.g. Panzer IVs, T-34s and Shermans), and you can fire off 6 of these within 4 seconds (Pure AP belt).<br />
* Decently fast (50 km/h top speed)<br />
* Insane reloading rate<br />
* Losing 1 or 2 crew members have no noticeable effect on vehicle performance (Apart from temporal immobilisation for example)<br />
* Having no armour is also an advantage - AP/APCR Rounds that most players use often just harmlessly pass through the vehicle without doing any damage<br />
* Difficult to destroy in one shot unless using pure HE rounds as APHE rounds will often just pass through without detonation<br />
* Some players don't recognize this vehicle as any kind of threat, and carelessly show their sides that just might be able to be penetrated with the 37 mm AP<br />
* Friendly tanks around you often have higher priority for all enemies, meaning you can often escape from combat unharmed, or surprise unsuspecting enemies<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Slow rate of fire can make shooting down faster planes difficult<br />
* No armour - single HE shell from anything will usually knock out the vehicle<br />
* Very vulnerable to Artillery calls; even being 20 m away from it does not prevent the crew from being injured, or even incapacitated<br />
* Gun goes up when it is traversing over the driver, preventing you from firing ahead of your vehicle<br />
* Entire crew vulnerable to being strafed by planes and tank machine gun fire<br />
* Ammo can run out if not careful<br />
* Gun recoil is ridiculous, making continuous fire useless against any decently armoured target<br />
* Knocked out easily if rammed by an aeroplane (no longer an issue in AB)<br />
* Hull break can happen from with a well-placed shot<br />
* AP shell has less penetration than predecessors' 20 mm APCR<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
===The gun===<br />
The 3.7 cm FlaK cannon was an anti-aircraft gun capable of fully automatic fire at a rate of 150 rounds per minute and is able to fire onto Allied aircraft up to four kilometres away. Multiple variants were made for the FlaK cannon from the 3.7 cm FlaK 18/36/37/43. The FlaK 18 was the initial variant with a dual-axle mount. The Flak 36 was a simplified variant with a lighter single-axle mount, the FlaK 37 has a simplified sighting system, and the FlaK 42 was the variant made for the German Kriegsmarine for their surface ships and U-boats. Of the variants, the FlaK 36 and 37 were the most produced guns<br />
<br />
===The vehicle===<br />
The Sd.Kfz.6 was a half-track designed in 1934 for the purpose of towing the 10.5 cm leFH 18 howitzer or 11 men in the back of the half-track, which could be covered by a canvas structure to protect the crew from the elements of nature. The vehicle was powered by a Maybach HL 54TUKRM 6-cylinder engine with 115 hp. Along with its use as a tractor for the 10.5 leFH 18 howitzer and other artillery pieces, the vehicle was to be used to tow heavy equipment for engineer units. Production was carried out by both Büssing-NAG and Daimler-Benz corporations. About 750 units were made during its production life until 1942.<br />
<br />
===Anti-aircraft mount===<br />
As World War II progressed, the need for a mobile air defence capable of engaging low flying targets became urgent. German engineers attempted to fill this need by modifying vehicles to fit an anti-aircraft gun. The Sd.kfz.6 half-track was modified with a new superstructure on the back, removing the backseats where the passengers would be. The superstructure allows the installation of a traversable anti-aircraft gun. The gun of choice for the Sd.kfz.6 was the 3.7 cm FlaK 36, the conversion for the vehicle was designated the 3.7 cm Flak 36 auf Selbstfahrlafette Sd.Kfz.6/2.<br />
<br />
The Sd.Kfz.6/2 has the FlaK cannon mounted on the back, however, there is no gun shield for the crew to provide small arms protection from the ground. Thus, the ground support role for the vehicle was not a recommended role and is more best against flying targets. However, a modification on the vehicle by the crew to give protection against small arms and shrapnel. Ammunition for the gun was towed on a separate trailer towed by the half-track.<br />
<br />
Modifications on the Sd.Kfz.6 into the Sd.Kfz.6/2 was carried out from 1941 to 1943, whereof the 750 of the Sd.Kfz.6, 339 were converted into the anti-aircraft variant. As the war progressed, the Sd.Kfz.6/2 were supplemented with the more numerous Sd.Kfz.7 half-track.<br />
<br />
=== In-game description ===<br />
To fight against enemy aircraft, German designers developed a new AA gun based on the 5-ton Sd.Kfz. 6 produced by the company Bussing-NAG. The new AA vehicle had a 37 mm 3,7 cm FlaK 36 L/98 anti-aircraft gun with a 98-caliber long barrel placed on a rotating carriage. The vehicle carried 120 shells, towed by a Sonderanhanger Sd.Ah. 57 trailer. The anti-aircraft gun traveled with spare barrels. The 10.4 ton setup supported a crew of 5 to calculate the gun's trajectory.<br />
<br />
The anti-aircraft gun's effective rate of fire was 120 rounds per minute. The gun could fire at targets up to an altitude of 4,800 m. In stowed position, the sides of the towing vehicle were raised, and in combat situations they were reclined to facilitate a circular range of fire. The vehicle could reach a speed of 50 kph and had a maximum range of 317 km.<br />
<br />
The AA vehicle was produced by the companies Bussing-Nag, Daimler Benz, Böhmisch-Mährischen Maschinenfabrik, and Praga from 1941 to 1943. A total of 339 were built. During production, the gun was fitted with a shield to protect those performing the calculations from bullets and shrapnel. Shield construction varied.<br />
<br />
At least 200 Sd.Kfz. 6/2 anti-aircraft guns entered the service of the Luftwaffe, and the rest joined the Wehrmacht's anti-aircraft divisions. An anti-aircraft division consisted of 9 AA vehicles. This vehicle was used in combat on all fronts.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_sdkfz_6_2_flak36 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|naeDoEwZ5Pg|'''German SPAAs''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 1:45 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|UItw1051OWA|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!--''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''--><br />
<br />
;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role<br />
<br />
* [[ZiS-43]]<br />
* [[CCKW 353 AA]]<br />
* [[Lvtdgb m/40]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.''<br />
<br />
{{Germany anti-aircraft vehicles}}<br />
[[Category:Half-tracks]]</div>U107834404https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Sd.Kfz._6/2&diff=116202Sd.Kfz. 6/22021-11-22T13:36:59Z<p>U107834404: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=germ_sdkfz_6_2_flak36<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Sd.Kfz.62.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German self-propelled anti-aircraft gun {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during the Closed Beta Test for Ground Forces before [[Update 1.41]].<br />
<br />
The 3.7-cm Flak 36 auf Selbstfahrlafette Sd.Kfz 6/2 with its 3.7 cm cannon can easily dispatch any aircraft given the circumstances. However, its gun (with APHE ammo) can also make it a very good improvised anti-tank vehicle if push comes to shove against an enemy tank.<br />
<br />
Because it is based on a simple truck, it has no armour anywhere and even machine guns can knock out the driver inside, and crew manning the turret is completely exposed. However, it can be surprisingly durable at times, mostly because of inexperienced players attacking it with AP/APCR ammo, and often targeting all the wrong places, like the Engine, Driver sitting inside, or edges of the turret armour. However, these attacks are a hit-or-miss as the hull-break mechanics mean that even a passing through AP round has the potential of utterly destroying the vehicle. The chances are worse if the enemy decides to sling over a chemical round for the explosion to do its deed. The mobility however is comparable to somewhere between a light and medium tank, and the chassis produces a favorable cross-country performance, so use this to get out of an area if spotted or being pursued.<br />
<br />
Being an SPAA, this vehicle is designed to shoot down aeroplanes. It was originally designed to follow alongside convoys, so to be used with other vehicles of the type. Its gun has a relatively low rate of fire for an SPAA, however, its shells pack quite the punch. Being a 37mm cannon, should it get a good hit, it will likely down the plane. It also gets access to AP belts, which can be used against tanks. It can penetrate any medium or light tank of its rank (from the side/rear usually), but will flat out be out of luck against heavier opponents like the [[KV-1 (Family)|KV-1]]. However, hunting tanks are not its job which is why it is not the best at that.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
*Structural Steel<br />
*Rolled homogeneous armour (Gun shield)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 3 mm (3-9°) ''Grille'' <br> 3 mm (83-84°) ''Front hood'' || 3 mm || 3 mm || 3 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Gun Shield || 7 mm (25-33°) || 10 mm || N/A || N/A<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* There is simply no armour anywhere, as it is basically a simple truck with AA gun mounted on its back<br />
* Only "armour" is on the front of the turret, which can protect from some light machine gun fire and shrapnel from nearby explosions<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=163|rbMinHp=102}}<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|FlaK36 (37 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="6" | [[FlaK36 (37 mm)|37 mm FlaK36]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 318 (6) || rowspan="2" | 160 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+85° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 30.82 || 42.66 || 51.80 || 57.28 || 60.94 || rowspan="2" | 0.49 || rowspan="2" | 0.43 || rowspan="2" | 0.40 || rowspan="2" | 0.38<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 20.83 || 24.50 || 29.75 || 32.90 || 35.00<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The driving compartment at the front of the vehicle creates a dead zone for the gun, that means that when an enemy is straight ahead you'll have to manoeuvre to get the gun on target. Take this into account when positioning your vehicle.<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
<br />
* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|APHE|Armour-piercing high-explosive}}{{-}}{{Annotation|FI-T|Fragmentation incendiary tracer}} - This belt can fulfill both roles (anti-aircraft and anti-tank) only at the cost of a halved rate of fire (especially for the anti-tank role) until dedicated belts are available.<br />
* '''Sprgr. 18:''' {{Annotation|FI-T|Fragmentation incendiary tracer}} - This belt is adapted to the anti-air role as it contains only incendiary rounds. It will deal next to no damage to ground vehicles.<br />
* '''PzGr:''' {{Annotation|APHE|Armour-piercing high-explosive}} - This belts deals decent damage against lightly armoured vehicles and planes but is best used against tanks. When targeting ground vehicles, focus on weak spots like the sides or the rear.<br />
* '''M.Gr.18:''' {{Annotation|FI-T|Fragmentation incendiary tracer}} - This belt excels in the anti-air role: with an increased muzzle velocity and a bigger explosive filler, it deals heavier damage to airplanes than the "Sprgr. 18" belt. It will deal next to no damage to ground vehicles.<br />
<br />
Since every FI-T bullet contains a tracer, it helps aiming at aircraft but detectability is also greatly increased.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Default || 49 || 46 || 33 || 22 || 14 || 10<br />
|-<br />
| Sprgr. 18 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3<br />
|-<br />
| PzGr || 49 || 46 || 33 || 22 || 14 || 10<br />
|-<br />
| M.Gr.18 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Belt details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Sprgr. 18 || FI-T || 820 || 0.62 || 0.3 || 0.1 || 49.3 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| PzGr || APHE || 770 || 0.69 || 1.2 || 9 || 22.1 || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| M.Gr.18 || FI-T || 914 || 0.55 || 0 || 0.1 || 108 || 47° || 56° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_Sd.Kfz.62.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<!-- '''Last updated:''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
|-<br />
| '''53''' || 50&nbsp;''(+3)'' || 46&nbsp;''(+7)'' || 43&nbsp;''(+10)'' || 39&nbsp;''(+14)''<br />
|-<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! 7th<br>rack empty<br />
! 8th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| 36&nbsp;''(+17)'' || 29&nbsp;''(+24)'' || 18&nbsp;''(+35)'' || 0&nbsp;''(+53)''|| Yes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
There are 15 ammunition boxes strung about the bed of the truck. Two under the loader, three sitting on the tailgate, and the rest under the benches behind the driver. Most tankers won't bother trying to ammo rack you thanks to your exposed crew members, so bring as much as you want. However, near misses from aircraft and tanks alike could set off a box since they are kind of everywhere if you do take a full load, so follow alternate recommendation if one has concerns for this.<br />
<br />
Notes:<br />
<br />
* Take a full loadout (53 clips of 6 rounds) if the battle might last.<br />
* Alternately, pack only 36 clips in order to keep all ammo boxes under the bed bench for shorter battles like AB.<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
To use this machine to its fullest capabilities it is recommended to stay from areas of heavy combat, as you can be taken out very easily, especially by machine gun fire and HE shells. You should always stay behind friendly troops, but don't stay at spawn as it is most likely the first place enemy planes will go to drop bombs.<br />
<br />
If you want to fight with the tanks, you'll definitely need to research APHE-only belts. However, the APHE's lacklustre penetration means this option is extremely limited and highly discouraged for a Sd.Kfz. 6/2 user. This is a tactic that should only be used as a last-stand measure against a flanking enemy that is unaware of the Sd.Kfz. 6/2's position. Avoid any open terrain, watch the battlefield situation carefully and wait, or use your speed to get out of any unfavourable battle condition. When the suitable target is spotted and in-range, it is a good idea is to reverse around the corner turned sideways, with your gun aiming at the expected enemy direction. This manoeuvre exposes only half of your turret and makes it possible to very quickly hide again behind the corner when needed. Your driver, engine and more than half of the vehicle remain hidden the whole time, meaning the chances of hull-break by kinetic shell would be reduced, but chemical shells would still finish off the tank upon contact. This kind of positioning also significantly shortening the exposure time and lowering the chance of being immobilised. When targeting tanks, aim at side armour of the hull and/or turret, or just hit any weak spots. Make sure the enemy is close by, generally less than 400 m, as the aim dispersion and massive recoil of the gun can cause the shells to spray everywhere, a bad idea if wanting to take out the enemy as quick and precise as possible.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* 37 mm capable of dealing heavy damage to planes upon contact<br />
* Deadly against light tanks and light-skinned tank destroyers<br />
* 37mm APHE is essentially your average Rank I APHE round, able to one shot many of the tanks you will see, and you can fire off 6 of these within 4 seconds.<br />
* Decently fast (50 km/h top speed)<br />
* Insane reloading rate<br />
* Losing 1 or 2 crew members have no noticeable effect on vehicle performance (Apart from temporal immobilisation for example)<br />
* Having no armour is also an advantage - AP/APCR Rounds that most players use often just harmlessly pass through the vehicle without doing any damage<br />
* Difficult to destroy in one shot unless using pure HE rounds as APHE rounds will often just pass through without detonation<br />
* Some players don't recognize this vehicle as any kind of threat, and carelessly show their sides that just might be able to be penetrated with the 37 mm AP<br />
* Friendly tanks around you often have higher priority for all enemies, meaning you can often escape from combat unharmed, or surprise unsuspecting enemies<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Slow rate of fire can make shooting down faster planes difficult<br />
* No armour - single HE shell from anything will usually knock out the vehicle<br />
* Very vulnerable to Artillery calls; even being 20 m away from it does not prevent the crew from being injured, or even incapacitated<br />
* Gun goes up when it is traversing over the driver, preventing you from firing ahead of your vehicle<br />
* Entire crew vulnerable to being strafed by planes and tank machine gun fire<br />
* Ammo can run out if not careful<br />
* Gun recoil is ridiculous, making continuous fire useless against any decently armoured target<br />
* Knocked out easily if rammed by an aeroplane (no longer an issue in AB)<br />
* Hull break can happen from with a well-placed shot<br />
* AP shell has less penetration than predecessors' 20 mm APCR<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
===The gun===<br />
The 3.7 cm FlaK cannon was an anti-aircraft gun capable of fully automatic fire at a rate of 150 rounds per minute and is able to fire onto Allied aircraft up to four kilometres away. Multiple variants were made for the FlaK cannon from the 3.7 cm FlaK 18/36/37/43. The FlaK 18 was the initial variant with a dual-axle mount. The Flak 36 was a simplified variant with a lighter single-axle mount, the FlaK 37 has a simplified sighting system, and the FlaK 42 was the variant made for the German Kriegsmarine for their surface ships and U-boats. Of the variants, the FlaK 36 and 37 were the most produced guns<br />
<br />
===The vehicle===<br />
The Sd.Kfz.6 was a half-track designed in 1934 for the purpose of towing the 10.5 cm leFH 18 howitzer or 11 men in the back of the half-track, which could be covered by a canvas structure to protect the crew from the elements of nature. The vehicle was powered by a Maybach HL 54TUKRM 6-cylinder engine with 115 hp. Along with its use as a tractor for the 10.5 leFH 18 howitzer and other artillery pieces, the vehicle was to be used to tow heavy equipment for engineer units. Production was carried out by both Büssing-NAG and Daimler-Benz corporations. About 750 units were made during its production life until 1942.<br />
<br />
===Anti-aircraft mount===<br />
As World War II progressed, the need for a mobile air defence capable of engaging low flying targets became urgent. German engineers attempted to fill this need by modifying vehicles to fit an anti-aircraft gun. The Sd.kfz.6 half-track was modified with a new superstructure on the back, removing the backseats where the passengers would be. The superstructure allows the installation of a traversable anti-aircraft gun. The gun of choice for the Sd.kfz.6 was the 3.7 cm FlaK 36, the conversion for the vehicle was designated the 3.7 cm Flak 36 auf Selbstfahrlafette Sd.Kfz.6/2.<br />
<br />
The Sd.Kfz.6/2 has the FlaK cannon mounted on the back, however, there is no gun shield for the crew to provide small arms protection from the ground. Thus, the ground support role for the vehicle was not a recommended role and is more best against flying targets. However, a modification on the vehicle by the crew to give protection against small arms and shrapnel. Ammunition for the gun was towed on a separate trailer towed by the half-track.<br />
<br />
Modifications on the Sd.Kfz.6 into the Sd.Kfz.6/2 was carried out from 1941 to 1943, whereof the 750 of the Sd.Kfz.6, 339 were converted into the anti-aircraft variant. As the war progressed, the Sd.Kfz.6/2 were supplemented with the more numerous Sd.Kfz.7 half-track.<br />
<br />
=== In-game description ===<br />
To fight against enemy aircraft, German designers developed a new AA gun based on the 5-ton Sd.Kfz. 6 produced by the company Bussing-NAG. The new AA vehicle had a 37 mm 3,7 cm FlaK 36 L/98 anti-aircraft gun with a 98-caliber long barrel placed on a rotating carriage. The vehicle carried 120 shells, towed by a Sonderanhanger Sd.Ah. 57 trailer. The anti-aircraft gun traveled with spare barrels. The 10.4 ton setup supported a crew of 5 to calculate the gun's trajectory.<br />
<br />
The anti-aircraft gun's effective rate of fire was 120 rounds per minute. The gun could fire at targets up to an altitude of 4,800 m. In stowed position, the sides of the towing vehicle were raised, and in combat situations they were reclined to facilitate a circular range of fire. The vehicle could reach a speed of 50 kph and had a maximum range of 317 km.<br />
<br />
The AA vehicle was produced by the companies Bussing-Nag, Daimler Benz, Böhmisch-Mährischen Maschinenfabrik, and Praga from 1941 to 1943. A total of 339 were built. During production, the gun was fitted with a shield to protect those performing the calculations from bullets and shrapnel. Shield construction varied.<br />
<br />
At least 200 Sd.Kfz. 6/2 anti-aircraft guns entered the service of the Luftwaffe, and the rest joined the Wehrmacht's anti-aircraft divisions. An anti-aircraft division consisted of 9 AA vehicles. This vehicle was used in combat on all fronts.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_sdkfz_6_2_flak36 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|naeDoEwZ5Pg|'''German SPAAs''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 1:45 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|UItw1051OWA|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!--''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''--><br />
<br />
;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role<br />
<br />
* [[ZiS-43]]<br />
* [[CCKW 353 AA]]<br />
* [[Lvtdgb m/40]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.''<br />
<br />
{{Germany anti-aircraft vehicles}}<br />
[[Category:Half-tracks]]</div>U107834404https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=R3_T20_FA-HS&diff=116201R3 T20 FA-HS2021-11-22T13:33:26Z<p>U107834404: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=it_oto_r3_t20_fa<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian self-propelled anti-aircraft gun {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
<br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Aluminum alloy 7039 (hull)<br />
* Armoured Glass (windows)<br />
* Wheel (tires)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 33 mm (62°) ''Upper Glacis'' <br> 33 (56°) ''Lower Glacis'' || 15 mm (27-31°) ''Top'' <br> 15 mm (16-20°) ''Bottom'' <br> 15 mm ''Wheelwells'' || 15 mm (70°) ''Engine access panel'' <br> 15 mm ''Lower Plate'' <br> 5 mm ''Engine vent'' <br> 15 mm (54°) ''Lower Glacis''|| 33 mm (28°) ''Front Glacis'' <br> 15 mm ''Crew compartment'' <br> 15 mm (20°) ''Engine access panel''<br />
|-<br />
| Gun mount || colspan="4" style="text-align:center" | 15 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Cupola || colspan="4" style="text-align:center" | 15 mm<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* All windows are 30 mm thick.<br />
* The tires are 10 mm thick and the torsion bars are 1 mm thick.<br />
* The belly is 15 mm thick.<br />
<br />
The {{PAGENAME}} has light armour able to protect it against .50 cal heavy machine guns from the front and low calibre machine guns from the sides. Any autocannon or tank cannon is however able to shred easily through this armour. The R3 has an internal layout with the crew spread apart, allowing it to survive damage from non-explosive post-penetration damage. However, this tank is still very vulnerable to strafing aircraft. Bombs and rockets also deal heavy damage if the {{PAGENAME}} is standing in their destruction radius.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 135|rbMinHp= 84}}<br />
<br />
The {{PAGENAME}} is very mobile, able to outmanoeuvre most tanks of its rank and is reliant on this to stay alive.<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|Oerlikon KAD (20 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="6" | [[Oerlikon KAD (20 mm)|20 mm Oerlikon KAD]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 600 (120) || rowspan="2" | 997 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+60° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 39.63 || 54.85 || 66.60 || 73.65 || 78.35 || rowspan="2" | 9.10 || rowspan="2" | 8.05 || rowspan="2" | 7.42 || rowspan="2" | 7.00<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 26.78 || 31.50 || 38.25 || 42.30 || 45.0<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The 20 mm Oerlikon cannon is able to fight both aircraft and lightly armoured targets from the front.<br />
<br />
Upgraded, the gun has access to 20 mm rounds able to penetrate up to 50 mm of armour, enabling the tank to shred any tanks that expose their sides to this vehicle. Some heavier tanks are still too heavily armoured on the sides for the gun to penetrate, but these generally don't show up unless you are up-tiered.<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
<br />
* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}} - The standard belt that can fulfill both roles (anti-air and lightly armoured vehicles) but with a lower rate of fire.<br />
* '''M594:''' {{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}} - This belt is adapted for targeting aircraft with its high-explosive shells.<br />
* '''M601:''' {{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}} - This belt is adapted for targeting lightly armoured vehicles with its armour-piercing rounds.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt<br />
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Default || 57 || 52 || 37 || 24 || 15 || 10<br />
|-<br />
| M594 || 57 || 52 || 37 || 24 || 15 || 10<br />
|-<br />
| M601 || 57 || 52 || 37 || 24 || 15 || 10<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<!-- '''Last updated: 1.101.1.16''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! Ammo<br>type<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''5 <br> 600''' || ''Belts''<br>''Rounds'' || 4&nbsp;''(+1)'' <br> 480&nbsp;''(+120)'' || 3&nbsp;''(+2)'' <br> 360&nbsp;''(+240)'' || 2&nbsp;''(+3)'' <br> 240&nbsp;''(+360)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+4)'' <br> 120&nbsp;''(+480)'' || 0&nbsp;''(+5)'' <br> 0&nbsp;''(+600)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Note''':<br />
<br />
* As the rate of fire is very high, pack the maximum ammunition.<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
<br />
The R3 is designated as an SPAA, and performs in this role extremely effectively. The autocannon has a rapid rate of fire and high velocity, allowing the R3 to tear aircraft to shreds. With accurate fire, a short burst will obliterate most aircraft in very little time. When the skies are clear and there are no more planes to shoot down, the R3 becomes a highly flexible vehicle, being able to zip around the map at high speed performing various tasks. Early game it makes an excellent recon vehicle, being able to capture points, oversee the battlefield and destroy enemy vehicles.<br />
<br />
With over 50 mm of penetration and its exceptional speed, the R3 makes short work of British and American medium tanks from the side and will shred light tanks and other SPAA. The R3 does not have the penetration to handle heavy tanks and so tanks like the KV-1 and T34 should be avoided. When encountering an armoured vehicle: take out the gun barrel first, then tracks, and aim at the turret ring.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Powerful M601 HVAP-T round<br />
** High penetration, enough to penetrate many vehicles up close.<br />
** High muzzle velocity, requiring little lead and little shell drop for engaging targets at range.<br />
** Very high rate of fire<br />
* Nimble fast wheeled vehicle<br />
** Able to reach 100 km/h on roads with ease<br />
** Fast enough to reach 50 km/h off-road<br />
* Front plate has armour thickness sufficient to deflect most machine gun rounds.<br />
* Has a two-plane stabilizer<br />
** Completely negates recoil within effective speed / stationary<br />
* Amphibious<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Very little armour not counting the sloped front plates, maxing at 15 mm.<br />
* Anything bigger than a 12.7mm will penetrate and destroy the vehicle.<br />
* As with many wheeled vehicles, soft terrain massively slows it down<br />
* Hard collisions damage modules and can often injure or incapacitate the crew<br />
* The gun only elevates up to 60° degrees<br />
* Stabilizer only effective up to 25 km/h<br />
* One of the most hated vehicles in the game. Enemies will prioritize its destruction. <br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
The '''OTO Melara R3 Capraia''' was a light reconnaissance vehicle which was developed as a private venture by OTO Melara of Italy. Derived from OTO Melara's R2.5 ''Gorgona'' armoured policing vehicle, the R3 ''Capraia'' was first presented at the 1982 Italian Naval Exhibition held in Genoa. The R3 shared its automotive parts with the R2.5, but had a body consisting of angled aluminium armour with in places a maximum thickness of 32 mm, providing enough protection against 7.62 mm NATO small arms fire and shell splinters.<br />
<br />
A number of armament options were proposed by OTO Melara. These included:<br />
<br />
* the R3 T12.7 FA, armed with an externally mounted 12.7 mm M2 HB machine gun in a turret with full 360° traverse and a maximum elevation of -10° to +50°;<br />
* the R3 T7.65 FA, armed with an externally mounted 7.65 mm machine gun in a turret with full 360° traverse and a maximum elevation of -10° to +25°;<br />
* the R3 T20 FA-HS, armed with an externally mounted Oerlikon KAD-B17 20 mm cannon in a turret with full 360° traverse and a maximum elevation of -10° to +60°;<br />
* the R3 Folgore ×2 FA, armed with two externally mounted Breda Folgore anti-tank missiles and a secondary 7.65 mm machine gun;<br />
* the [[R3 T106 FA]], armed with two externally mounted 106 mm M40 type recoilless rifles; and<br />
* the R3 TOW, armed with an externally mounted launcher for a Hughes TOW ATGM system.<br />
<br />
However, despite its high performance and the possibility of using various weapons, the Italian military did not express any interest in the OTO Melara R3 Capraia. Following the conclusion of its evaluation by the military, the R3 prototypes were disposed of.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_oto_r3_t20_fa Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|v-yW-GqoahE|'''Playing the Most Overpowered Vehicle in War Thunder - {{PAGENAME}}''' - ''theScottishKoala''|SscGZOwoK8U|'''I bet after you try this, light tanks will never feel the same to you - {{PAGENAME}}''' - ''HowToPlay1337''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis<br />
<br />
* [[R3 T106 FA]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [https://en.topwar.ru/41170-broneavtomobili-oto-melara-gorgona.html <nowiki>[Topwar.ru]</nowiki> OTO Melara Gorgona R2.5 and R3 Capraia armored cars]<br />
<br />
{{Italy anti-aircraft vehicles}}<br />
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]</div>U107834404https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=E.B.R._(1954)&diff=116200E.B.R. (1954)2021-11-22T13:30:11Z<p>U107834404: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = French light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| usage = other versions<br />
| link = E.B.R. (Family)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=fr_panhard_ebr_1954<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} French light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Hot Tracks"]] as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/6981-special-operation-w-i-n-t-e-r-en|2020 Operation W.I.N.T.E.R.]] event.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
<br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, turret roof, turret bustle)<br />
* Cast homogeneous armour (gun mantlet, turret front)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 20 mm (56°) ''Upper glacis'' <br> 35 mm (16°) ''Lower plate'' || 15 mm || 20 mm (56°) ''Upper glacis'' <br> 35 mm (16°) ''Lower plate'' || 20 mm (34°) ''Front and rear glacis'' <br> 15 mm ''Centre''<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 40 mm (32-47°) ''Turret front'' <br> 60 mm (conical) ''Gun mantlet'' <br> 40 mm (15-75°) ''Barrel shroud'' || 20 mm (0-30°) ''Turret'' || 20 mm ''Turret bustle'' <br> 20 mm (17-22°) ''Pivot ball'' <br> 10 mm (77-90°) ''Turret underside'' || 10 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 20 mm (conical) ''Base'' <br> 10 mm (spherical) ''Dome'' || 20 mm (conical) ''Outer ring'' <br> 10 mm (spherical) ''Centre''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Wheels are 10 mm thick and suspension bars are 5 mm thick.<br />
* Mudguards are 4 mm thick.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=310|rbMinHp=177}}<br />
<br />
The E.B.R. (1954) can reach 105 km/h on roads, 60 km/h on dirt tracks and 40 km/h in cross country. Soft terrain is a handicap: mud, snow and sand will considerably slow the armoured car. As a wheeled vehicle, it can't turn on the spot but the turn radius stays relatively small thanks to front and rear steering wheels. The reverse speed is also very high, a must to get out of hot situations quickly.<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|SA50 L/57 (75 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[SA50 L/57 (75 mm)|75 mm SA50 L/57]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 36 || rowspan="2" | -6°/+10° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 28.6 || 39.5 || 48.0 || 53.1 || 56.5 || rowspan="2" | 5.00 || rowspan="2" | 5.00 || rowspan="2" | 5.00 || rowspan="2" | 5.00<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 17.9 || 21.0 || 25.5 || 28.2 || 30.0<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| POT-51A || APC || 182 || 178 || 162 || 143 || 127 || 113<br />
|-<br />
| 75 mm HE || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| POT-51A || APC || 1,000 || 6.4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| 75 mm HE || HE || 753 || 6.2 || 0 || 0.1 || 675 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<!-- '''Last updated: 2.3.0.110''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''36''' || 25&nbsp;''(+11)'' || 13&nbsp;''(+23)'' || 7&nbsp;''(+29)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+35)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Shells from first stage rack 3 are fired first<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|MAC 31 (7.5 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[MAC 31 (7.5 mm)|7.5 mm MAC 31]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Coaxial || 4,950 (150) || 551 || N/A || N/A<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
The EBR can be used as a long range sniper and as a scout thanks to its good optics and fast shell speed, or it can be used as an aggressive flanking vehicle using its superior mobility and reload rate.<br />
<br />
The EBR best preforms on the sidelines of the enemy team, using its autoloader and high velocity gun to eliminate any opposition. The lack of explosive filler for the shell makes aiming at crew positions and critical modules important, prioritizing the gun or ammo rack of the target. Thanks to the autoloader and fast turret rotation, it is easy to switch between targets on the heat of combat, and the smoke pods allow for a quick escape if the situation gets too difficult.<br />
<br />
;Enemies worth keeping<br />
<br />
* [[Tiger I (Family)|Tiger I]] and [[Panzer V Panther (Family)|Panther I]]: Sitting at the same BR, these targets can prove to be difficult. Flanking them and shooting their weakly armoured sides is advised, but in case of a face to face encounter, shooting the right side (from the players point of view) of the Panther's mantlet or the right side of the Tiger's Hull will disable or destroy them. In case these shots are impossible or too risky, one can shoot the barrels, take a track out and relocate and target the side of said tanks.<br />
<br />
* [[T26E1-1]] "Super Pershing" and [[Tiger II (H)]]: At a range larger than 200 m these targets become invulnerable to the 75 mm gun, one should side shoot them or disable their guns and tracks.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Fast and very mobile vehicle<br />
* The main gun reloads in 5 seconds even with 2 active crew members and the autoloader has a capacity of 12 rounds.<br />
* The shells have a very high muzzle velocity and, despite the lack of explosive filler, deal a lot of damage.<br />
* Both the front and back wheels steer, resulting in a pretty small turning radius.<br />
* The hull armour, in the front (and back), is enough to stop .50 cal AP fire, as well as 14.5 mm AP-I(c) from 200 meters or more; the turret front may be even able to stop some autocannon fire.<br />
* As this vehicle is an armoured car, scouting is available.<br />
* APC shell with a very high penetration of 182 mm at 10 m, able to easily penetrate most vehicles that are faced.<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Due to its shape, a penetration in the front (or back) by any actual tank cannon will mean losing the vehicle.<br />
* The 7° gun depression is far from optimal for players that want to shoot from an hull down position.<br />
* The massive radio antennas will make you visible even when the rest of the vehicle is hidden behind a hill or small building.<br />
* Very easy to spot and recognize from the side due to its size and shape; in addition, the side armour won't really stop anything more than small calibre machine gun fire.<br />
* Due to the absurd amount of notoriety it has gained in the player base, most enemies will do anything to kill you the minute they know there's an EBR on the other team.<br />
* The roof of the turret is thin, making it vulnerable to airborne attacks.<br />
* Very slow when moving in soft terrain (mud, snow, sand).<br />
* High risk of ammunition explosion if the turret is penetrated, thanks to the large first-stage ammo rack behind the cannon.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
<br />
=== [[wt:en/news/7000-development-e-b-r-1954-en|Devblog]] ===<br />
Before the outbreak of World War II, Panhard created a prototype of an 8x8 army wheeled all-terrain vehicle, with the first and last swivel wheel pairs having rubber tires, the middle pairs were metal and not swivel. The army placed an order for the production of 600 of these vehicles, but the outbreak of the war and the occupation of France did not allow the vehicle to be put into production. They returned to an interesting project after the war - the wheelbase received an oscillating turret with a 75 mm gun, which turned the all-terrain vehicle into a light wheeled tank. Later, the base of this vehicle became the basis for several curious army vehicles. It is interesting that it was the Panhard all-terrain vehicle that served as a carriage for the farewell ceremony for the President of the Fifth Republic, General Charles de Gaulle.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=fr_panhard_ebr_1954 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Images<br />
<gallery mode="packed" caption="E.B.R. (1954) Devblog images" heights="150"><br />
File:E.B.R. WTWallpaper 001.jpg|<br />
File:E.B.R. WTWallpaper 002.jpg|<br />
File:E.B.R. WTWallpaper 003.jpg|<br />
File:E.B.R. WTWallpaper 004.jpg|<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|DTL8x599AeU|'''The Five Star EBR: Panhard EBR Full Review''' - ''Sako Sniper''|JEsBDVWqltA|'''Speedy French Bias Ft. Ash007 - E.B.R''' - ''JustinPlaysYT''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/news/7000-development-e-b-r-1954-en|[Devblog] E.B.R. (1954)]]<br />
* [[wikipedia:Panhard_EBR|[Wikipedia] Panhard EBR]]<br />
* [https://www.tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/France/Panhard_EBR.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Panhard EBR]<br />
<br />
{{TankManufacturer Panhard}}<br />
{{France light tanks}}<br />
{{France premium ground vehicles}}<br />
{{Winter Event}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]</div>U107834404https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=E.B.R._(1954)&diff=116199E.B.R. (1954)2021-11-22T13:29:34Z<p>U107834404: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = French light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| usage = other versions<br />
| link = E.B.R. (Family)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=fr_panhard_ebr_1954<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} French light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Hot Tracks"]] as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/6981-special-operation-w-i-n-t-e-r-en|2020 Operation W.I.N.T.E.R.]] event.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
<br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, turret roof, turret bustle)<br />
* Cast homogeneous armour (gun mantlet, turret front)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 20 mm (56°) ''Upper glacis'' <br> 35 mm (16°) ''Lower plate'' || 15 mm || 20 mm (56°) ''Upper glacis'' <br> 35 mm (16°) ''Lower plate'' || 20 mm (34°) ''Front and rear glacis'' <br> 15 mm ''Centre''<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 40 mm (32-47°) ''Turret front'' <br> 60 mm (conical) ''Gun mantlet'' <br> 40 mm (15-75°) ''Barrel shroud'' || 20 mm (0-30°) ''Turret'' || 20 mm ''Turret bustle'' <br> 20 mm (17-22°) ''Pivot ball'' <br> 10 mm (77-90°) ''Turret underside'' || 10 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 20 mm (conical) ''Base'' <br> 10 mm (spherical) ''Dome'' || 20 mm (conical) ''Outer ring'' <br> 10 mm (spherical) ''Centre''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Wheels are 10 mm thick and suspension bars are 5 mm thick.<br />
* Mudguards are 4 mm thick.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=310|rbMinHp=177}}<br />
<br />
The E.B.R. (1954) can reach 105 km/h on roads, 60 km/h on dirt tracks and 40 km/h in cross country. Soft terrain is a handicap: mud, snow and sand will considerably slow the armoured car. As a wheeled vehicle, it can't turn on the spot but the turn radius stays relatively small thanks to front and rear steering wheels. The reverse speed is also very high, a must to get out of hot situations quickly.<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|SA50 L/57 (75 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[SA50 L/57 (75 mm)|75 mm SA50 L/57]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 36 || rowspan="2" | -6°/+10° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 28.6 || 39.5 || 48.0 || 53.1 || 56.5 || rowspan="2" | 5.00 || rowspan="2" | 5.00 || rowspan="2" | 5.00 || rowspan="2" | 5.00<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 17.9 || 21.0 || 25.5 || 28.2 || 30.0<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| POT-51A || APC || 182 || 178 || 162 || 143 || 127 || 113<br />
|-<br />
| 75 mm HE || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| POT-51A || APC || 1,000 || 6.4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| 75 mm HE || HE || 753 || 6.2 || 0 || 0.1 || 675 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<!-- '''Last updated: 2.3.0.110''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''36''' || 25&nbsp;''(+11)'' || 13&nbsp;''(+23)'' || 7&nbsp;''(+29)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+35)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Shells from first stage rack 3 are fired first<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|MAC 31 (7.5 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[MAC 31 (7.5 mm)|7.5 mm MAC 31]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Coaxial || 4,950 (150) || 551 || N/A || N/A<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
The EBR can be used as a long range sniper and as a scout thanks to its good optics and fast shell speed, or it can be used as an aggressive flanking vehicle using its superior mobility and reload rate.<br />
<br />
The EBR best preforms on the sidelines of the enemy team, using its autoloader and high velocity gun to eliminate any opposition. The lack of explosive filler for the shell makes aiming at crew positions and critical modules important, prioritizing the gun or ammo rack of the target. Thanks to the autoloader and fast turret rotation, it is easy to switch between targets on the heat of combat, and the smoke pods allow for a quick escape if the situation gets too difficult.<br />
<br />
;Enemies worth keeping<br />
<br />
* [[Tiger I (Family)|Tiger I]] and [[Panzer V Panther (Family)|Panther I]]: Sitting at the same BR, these targets can prove to be difficult. Flanking them and shooting their weakly armoured sides is advised, but in case of a face to face encounter, shooting the right side (from the players point of view) of the Panther's mantlet or the right side of the Tiger's Hull will disable or destroy them. In case these shots are impossible or too risky, one can shoot the barrels, take a track out and relocate and target the side of said tanks.<br />
<br />
* [[T26E1-1]] "Super Pershing" and [[Tiger II (H)]]: At a range larger than 200 m these targets become invulnerable to the 75 mm gun, one should side shoot them or disable their guns and tracks.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Fast and very mobile vehicle<br />
* The main gun reloads in 5 seconds even with 2 active crew members and the autoloader has a capacity of 12 rounds.<br />
* The shells have a very high muzzle velocity and, despite the lack of explosive filler, deal a lot of damage.<br />
* Both the front and back wheels steer, resulting in a pretty small turning radius.<br />
* The hull armour, in the front (and back), is enough to stop .50 cal AP fire, as well as 14.5 mm AP-I(c) from 200 meters or more; the turret front may be even able to stop some autocannon fire.<br />
* As this vehicle is an armoured car, scouting is available.<br />
* APC shell with a very high penetration of 182 mm at 10 m, able to easily penetrate most vehicles that are faced.<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Due to its shape, a penetration in the front (or back) by any actual tank cannon will mean losing the vehicle.<br />
* The 7° gun depression is far from optimal for players that want to shoot from an hull down position.<br />
* The massive radio antennas will make you visible even when the rest of the vehicle is hidden behind a hill or small building.<br />
* Very easy to spot and recognize from the side due to its size and shape; in addition, the side armour won't really stop anything more than small calibre machine gun fire.<br />
* Due to the absurd amount of notoriety it has gained in the player base, most enemies will do anything to kill you the minute they know you're driving an EBR.<br />
* The roof of the turret is thin, making it vulnerable to airborne attacks.<br />
* Very slow when moving in soft terrain (mud, snow, sand).<br />
* High risk of ammunition explosion if the turret is penetrated, thanks to the large first-stage ammo rack behind the cannon.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
<br />
=== [[wt:en/news/7000-development-e-b-r-1954-en|Devblog]] ===<br />
Before the outbreak of World War II, Panhard created a prototype of an 8x8 army wheeled all-terrain vehicle, with the first and last swivel wheel pairs having rubber tires, the middle pairs were metal and not swivel. The army placed an order for the production of 600 of these vehicles, but the outbreak of the war and the occupation of France did not allow the vehicle to be put into production. They returned to an interesting project after the war - the wheelbase received an oscillating turret with a 75 mm gun, which turned the all-terrain vehicle into a light wheeled tank. Later, the base of this vehicle became the basis for several curious army vehicles. It is interesting that it was the Panhard all-terrain vehicle that served as a carriage for the farewell ceremony for the President of the Fifth Republic, General Charles de Gaulle.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=fr_panhard_ebr_1954 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Images<br />
<gallery mode="packed" caption="E.B.R. (1954) Devblog images" heights="150"><br />
File:E.B.R. WTWallpaper 001.jpg|<br />
File:E.B.R. WTWallpaper 002.jpg|<br />
File:E.B.R. WTWallpaper 003.jpg|<br />
File:E.B.R. WTWallpaper 004.jpg|<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|DTL8x599AeU|'''The Five Star EBR: Panhard EBR Full Review''' - ''Sako Sniper''|JEsBDVWqltA|'''Speedy French Bias Ft. Ash007 - E.B.R''' - ''JustinPlaysYT''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/news/7000-development-e-b-r-1954-en|[Devblog] E.B.R. (1954)]]<br />
* [[wikipedia:Panhard_EBR|[Wikipedia] Panhard EBR]]<br />
* [https://www.tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/France/Panhard_EBR.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Panhard EBR]<br />
<br />
{{TankManufacturer Panhard}}<br />
{{France light tanks}}<br />
{{France premium ground vehicles}}<br />
{{Winter Event}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]</div>U107834404https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=E.B.R._(1954)&diff=116198E.B.R. (1954)2021-11-22T13:28:08Z<p>U107834404: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = French light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| usage = other versions<br />
| link = E.B.R. (Family)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=fr_panhard_ebr_1954<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} French light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Hot Tracks"]] as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/6981-special-operation-w-i-n-t-e-r-en|2020 Operation W.I.N.T.E.R.]] event.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
<br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, turret roof, turret bustle)<br />
* Cast homogeneous armour (gun mantlet, turret front)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 20 mm (56°) ''Upper glacis'' <br> 35 mm (16°) ''Lower plate'' || 15 mm || 20 mm (56°) ''Upper glacis'' <br> 35 mm (16°) ''Lower plate'' || 20 mm (34°) ''Front and rear glacis'' <br> 15 mm ''Centre''<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 40 mm (32-47°) ''Turret front'' <br> 60 mm (conical) ''Gun mantlet'' <br> 40 mm (15-75°) ''Barrel shroud'' || 20 mm (0-30°) ''Turret'' || 20 mm ''Turret bustle'' <br> 20 mm (17-22°) ''Pivot ball'' <br> 10 mm (77-90°) ''Turret underside'' || 10 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 20 mm (conical) ''Base'' <br> 10 mm (spherical) ''Dome'' || 20 mm (conical) ''Outer ring'' <br> 10 mm (spherical) ''Centre''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Wheels are 10 mm thick and suspension bars are 5 mm thick.<br />
* Mudguards are 4 mm thick.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=310|rbMinHp=177}}<br />
<br />
The E.B.R. (1954) can reach 105 km/h on roads, 60 km/h on dirt tracks and 40 km/h in cross country. Soft terrain is a handicap: mud, snow and sand will considerably slow the armoured car. As a wheeled vehicle, it can't turn on the spot but the turn radius stays relatively small thanks to front and rear steering wheels. The reverse speed is also very high, a must to get out of hot situations quickly.<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|SA50 L/57 (75 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[SA50 L/57 (75 mm)|75 mm SA50 L/57]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 36 || rowspan="2" | -6°/+10° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 28.6 || 39.5 || 48.0 || 53.1 || 56.5 || rowspan="2" | 5.00 || rowspan="2" | 5.00 || rowspan="2" | 5.00 || rowspan="2" | 5.00<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 17.9 || 21.0 || 25.5 || 28.2 || 30.0<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| POT-51A || APC || 182 || 178 || 162 || 143 || 127 || 113<br />
|-<br />
| 75 mm HE || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| POT-51A || APC || 1,000 || 6.4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| 75 mm HE || HE || 753 || 6.2 || 0 || 0.1 || 675 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<!-- '''Last updated: 2.3.0.110''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''36''' || 25&nbsp;''(+11)'' || 13&nbsp;''(+23)'' || 7&nbsp;''(+29)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+35)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Shells from first stage rack 3 are fired first<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|MAC 31 (7.5 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[MAC 31 (7.5 mm)|7.5 mm MAC 31]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Coaxial || 4,950 (150) || 551 || N/A || N/A<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
The EBR can be used as a long range sniper and as a scout thanks to its good optics and fast shell speed, or it can be used as an aggressive flanking vehicle using its superior mobility and reload rate.<br />
<br />
The EBR best preforms on the sidelines of the enemy team, using its autoloader and high velocity gun to eliminate any opposition. The lack of explosive filler for the shell makes aiming at crew positions and critical modules important, prioritizing the gun or ammo rack of the target. Thanks to the autoloader and fast turret rotation, it is easy to switch between targets on the heat of combat, and the smoke pods allow for a quick escape if the situation gets too difficult.<br />
<br />
;Enemies worth keeping<br />
<br />
* [[Tiger I (Family)|Tiger I]] and [[Panzer V Panther (Family)|Panther I]]: Sitting at the same BR, these targets can prove to be difficult. Flanking them and shooting their weakly armoured sides is advised, but in case of a face to face encounter, shooting the right side (from the players point of view) of the Panther's mantlet or the right side of the Tiger's Hull will disable or destroy them. In case these shots are impossible or too risky, one can shoot the barrels, take a track out and relocate and target the side of said tanks.<br />
<br />
* [[T26E1-1]] "Super Pershing" and [[Tiger II (H)]]: At a range larger than 200 m these targets become invulnerable to the 75 mm gun, one should side shoot them or disable their guns and tracks.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Fast and very mobile vehicle<br />
* The main gun reloads in 5 seconds even with 2 active crew members and the autoloader has a capacity of 12 rounds.<br />
* The shells have a very high muzzle velocity and, despite the lack of explosive filler, deal a lot of damage.<br />
* Both the front and back wheels steer, resulting in a pretty small turning radius.<br />
* The hull armour, in the front (and back), is enough to stop .50 cal AP fire, as well as 14.5 mm AP-I(c) from 200 meters or more; the turret front may be even able to stop some autocannon fire.<br />
* As this vehicle is an armoured car, scouting is available.<br />
* APC shell with a very high penetration of 182 mm at 10 m, able to easily penetrate most vehicles that are faced.<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Due to its shape, a penetration in the front (or back) by any actual tank cannon will mean losing the vehicle.<br />
* The 7° gun depression is far from optimal for players that want to shoot from an hull down position.<br />
* The massive radio antennas will make you visible even when the rest of the vehicle is hidden behind a hill or small building.<br />
* Very easy to spot and recognize from the side due to its size and shape; in addition, the side armour won't really stop anything more than small calibre machine gun fire.<br />
* Due to the absurd amount of notoriety it has gained in the playerbase, most enemies will do anything to knock you out.<br />
* The roof of the turret is thin, making it vulnerable to airborne attacks.<br />
* Very slow when moving in soft terrain (mud, snow, sand).<br />
* High risk of ammunition explosion if the turret is penetrated, thanks to the large first-stage ammo rack behind the cannon.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
<br />
=== [[wt:en/news/7000-development-e-b-r-1954-en|Devblog]] ===<br />
Before the outbreak of World War II, Panhard created a prototype of an 8x8 army wheeled all-terrain vehicle, with the first and last swivel wheel pairs having rubber tires, the middle pairs were metal and not swivel. The army placed an order for the production of 600 of these vehicles, but the outbreak of the war and the occupation of France did not allow the vehicle to be put into production. They returned to an interesting project after the war - the wheelbase received an oscillating turret with a 75 mm gun, which turned the all-terrain vehicle into a light wheeled tank. Later, the base of this vehicle became the basis for several curious army vehicles. It is interesting that it was the Panhard all-terrain vehicle that served as a carriage for the farewell ceremony for the President of the Fifth Republic, General Charles de Gaulle.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=fr_panhard_ebr_1954 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Images<br />
<gallery mode="packed" caption="E.B.R. (1954) Devblog images" heights="150"><br />
File:E.B.R. WTWallpaper 001.jpg|<br />
File:E.B.R. WTWallpaper 002.jpg|<br />
File:E.B.R. WTWallpaper 003.jpg|<br />
File:E.B.R. WTWallpaper 004.jpg|<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|DTL8x599AeU|'''The Five Star EBR: Panhard EBR Full Review''' - ''Sako Sniper''|JEsBDVWqltA|'''Speedy French Bias Ft. Ash007 - E.B.R''' - ''JustinPlaysYT''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/news/7000-development-e-b-r-1954-en|[Devblog] E.B.R. (1954)]]<br />
* [[wikipedia:Panhard_EBR|[Wikipedia] Panhard EBR]]<br />
* [https://www.tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/France/Panhard_EBR.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Panhard EBR]<br />
<br />
{{TankManufacturer Panhard}}<br />
{{France light tanks}}<br />
{{France premium ground vehicles}}<br />
{{Winter Event}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]</div>U107834404https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Tiger_E&diff=116197Tiger E2021-11-22T13:24:02Z<p>U107834404: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = German heavy tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| usage = other versions<br />
| link = Tiger I (Family)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=germ_pzkpfw_VI_ausf_e_tiger<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (or '''Tiger E''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.47 "Big Guns"]]. The Tiger E is the late production model of the Tiger I featuring steel road wheels and Zimmerit paste on the armour. The Tiger E also introduces the more powerful APCR ammunition for the 88 mm KwK 36 gun.<br />
<br />
The Tiger E is an improved variant of the previous [[Tiger H1|Tiger H1]], featuring a few small enhancements to its protection, firepower and mobility.<br />
<br />
While the hull armour is largely unchanged, turret armour has been improved a bit - the large, flat commander's cupola has been replaced by a much smaller, angled variant. The turret roof armour has been increased to 40 mm (historically as a reaction to increasing numbers of Allied attack planes) and the gun mantlet is slightly more durable with a 140 mm thick armour plate on the area that used to be the weakest part. Spare tracks now cover the entire lower front glacis.<br />
<br />
Firepower-wise, the Tiger E gains the access to the new PzGr 40 APCR ammunition, with penetration of up to 200 mm at average combat ranges. Lastly, in mobility-specifications, the Tiger E is powered by a slightly more powerful engine (700 HP, H1 has 650 HP).<br />
<br />
It is easily differentiated from the Tiger H1 by its Zimmerit anti-mine coating.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
[[File:TigerIHTank Armour Angling.png|right|thumbnail|The ideal angling of hull armour on Tiger I for maximum effective armour all-around|300px]]<br />
The armour of the Tiger E is decent at its rank for a heavy tank however if it is angled like the picture below ups its armour from the lacklustre 100 mm of flat homogeneous armour to an extreme 200-400 mm thick. The turret suffers from the same problem of flat armour but this is impossible to angle while still engaging an enemy tank. The side and rear armour are also pretty strong in comparison to the rest of the tanks in this rank however the armour will not protect you from most shells due to it being flat. If you don't angle, your front plate will be an easy target for your opponents. <br />
<br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
*Rolled homogeneous armour<br />
*Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Cupola)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear (Slope angle) !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 102 mm (9°) ''Front plate'' <br> 62 mm (80°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 102 + 30 mm (25°) ''Lower glacis''|| 82 mm ''Top'' <br /> 62 mm ''Bottom''|| 82 mm (9°)|| 26 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 100 mm ''Turret front'' <br> 90 - 200 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 82 mm || 82 mm || 40 mm<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Cupola || 80 mm || 40 mm<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
*Commander's cupola is smaller and nicely rounded for better protection compared to [[Tiger H1|Tiger H1]].<br />
*Almost entire frontal lower plate is covered by attached tracks, adding 30 mm of armour.<br />
*Turret front covered by gun mantlet has variable thickness depending on exact place, ranging from 90 to 200 mm of armour.<br />
*Lower side hull armour is only 62 mm thick, exploitable when flanking the Tiger, or when facing them angled.<br />
*Parts of the turret side armour are covered by attached tracks, adding additional 30 mm of armour.<br />
*On paper, the best angle is roughly 38.8° with armour all-round being from the front 130 mm.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=904|rbMinHp=619}}<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
For Tier I modifications obtained the vital ''Parts'' and ''Horizontal Drive'' modifications as the former will give the Tiger the ability to repair and the latter will provide a much-needed boost to the Tiger's slow turret traverse rate.<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|KwK36 (88 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[KwK36 (88 mm)|88 mm KwK36]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 92 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+16° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 11.3 || 15.7 || 19.0 || 21.1 || 22.4 || rowspan="2" | 9.62 || rowspan="2" | 8.51 || rowspan="2" | 7.84 || rowspan="2" | 7.40<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 8.3 || 9.8 || 11.9 || 13.2 || 14.0<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
<br />
* '''PzGr 39''': You should stick with this type of shell as it's the best. It will do incredible damage to any tank you encounter, except SPAA, AA guns, or AI artillery. You may struggle with some heavier tanks like the IS-1, IS-2, or American heavy tanks at long ranges, but well-placed shots from close range or sides will do the job; all other medium and light tanks will be history as soon as this shell make a contact with them. This shell, however, will almost always over-penetrate all but the most armoured SPAA vehicles, so it is best to use HE or machine gun fire.<br />
* '''PzGr 40''': As the APCR round for the gun, this will give you the greater edge needed to take out heavily protected tanks at the cost of post-penetration damage.<br />
* '''PzGr.''': This shell has similar characteristics as the PzGr 39, but sacrifices some penetration for about 50% more explosive filler. It is recently given the ability to cause overpressure damage and thus has unrivalled post-penetration damage. It It is recommended to carry some of these shells and use them regularly, as the penetration is still enough to deal with most targets (at least when being top rank), and switch to PzGr 39 when shooting targets far away, or those that are heavily armoured.<br />
* '''Hl.Gr. 39''': On paper the HEAT rounds don't bring anything new to the table, however they can be used as a substitute for the HE shells due to the greater explosive mass and still gives you a fighting chance if you get caught with your pants down.<br />
* '''Sprgr. L/4.5''': The HE shell is completely ineffective against all but SPAA or the AI artillery on the Kursk and Ash River maps, and the machine gun mounted on the Tiger has proven quite capable of dealing with these. Keep a small supply of this shell on hand if you plan to flank the enemy and take out their SPAA or artillery, but avoid them for everything else.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| PzGr 39 || APCBC || 165 || 162 || 151 || 139 || 127 || 117<br />
|-<br />
| PzGr 40 || APCR || 211 || 207 || 191 || 172 || 155 || 140<br />
|-<br />
| Pzgr. || APCBC || 153 || 151 || 140 || 128 || 116 || 106<br />
|-<br />
| Hl.Gr 39 || HEAT || 110 || 110 || 110 || 110 || 110 || 110<br />
|-<br />
| Sprgr. L/4.5 || HE || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| PzGr 39 || APCBC || 773 || 10.2 || 1.2 || 14 || 108.8 || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| PzGr 40 || APCR || 930 || 7.3 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 66° || 70° || 72°<br />
|-<br />
| Pzgr. || APCBC || 810 || 9.5 || 1.2 || 14 || 285.6 || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| Hl.Gr 39 || HEAT || 600 || 7.64 || 0 || 0.3 || 1,100 || 62° || 69° || 73°<br />
|-<br />
| Sprgr. L/4.5 || HE || 820 || 9 || 0 || 0.1 || 698 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
<!-- '''Last updated:''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! 7th<br>rack empty<br />
! 8th<br>rack empty<br />
! 9th<br>rack empty<br />
! 10th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''92''' || 77&nbsp;''(+15)'' || 61&nbsp;''(+31)'' || 45&nbsp;''(+47)'' || 29&nbsp;''(+63)'' || 25&nbsp;''(+67)'' || 21&nbsp;''(+71)'' || 17&nbsp;''(+75)'' || 13&nbsp;''(+79)'' || 7&nbsp;''(+85)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+91)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<br />
Large sides empty: 29&nbsp;''(+63)''<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|MG34 (7.92 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[MG34 (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG34]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Coaxial || 2,350 (150) || 900 || N/A || N/A<br />
|-<br />
| Pintle || 2,000 (150) || 900 || -10°/+25° || -55°/+160°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
The main role of the ''Tiger'' tank was to eliminate enemy tanks at a far range, similar to behaving like a sniping tank, or a Tank Destroyer. Nonetheless, the Tiger can excel at brawling with other tanks at medium, even possibly against two [[Panther D|Panther]] tanks to close range and escape undamaged. It's recommended to not stay in one place for too long or risk getting outflanked, spotted, or bombed.<br />
<br />
While guns like the Soviet [[D-5T (85 mm)|85 mm]] cannon can easily penetrate the Tiger at close range, the Tiger can stay nearly invulnerable at long range. The 88 can take out any tank on Rank 3 at any combat range but may have problems with the [[IS-1]]'s 120 mm front armour at some ranges. When having to close in a bit it is generally advisable to angle the hull to the sides by about 30°, improving the armour rating enough that it can keep away 85 mm shells very well, even at closer ranges. The Tiger is still vulnerable to the [[SU-152|SU-152s]] howitzer and its HE shell at any range. So whenever encountering these heavy-calibre vehicles, it should be prioritized and eliminated first.<br />
<br />
Mobility-wise the Tiger is pretty good for a heavy tank. It is much faster than a [[KV-1 (ZiS-5)|KV-1]] and about as equally fast as the [[IS-1]], although medium tanks like the [[T-34-85]] can easily outmanoeuvre all three at close range. Try to use the Tiger's mobility to keep a distance rather than for closing in on a target. Don't be afraid to use the speed to fall back if necessary as the Tiger cannot survive close range engagements on open terrain vs. mediums, due to the slow turret and the vulnerability to the 85 mm guns on Soviet medium tanks.<br />
<br />
The Tiger E has a better turret traverse than the H1, but the same precaution of managing a lower than average turret traverse should be taken into consideration. It is still recommended to get the Horizontal Drive traverse modification as fast as possible. Even then, the Tiger will have to turn the tank in the direction of the traverse to make the most of the time to quickly engage a target. This, together with very exposed ammo racks on both sides (though one side can be emptied by reducing the ammo stowage) means that facing multiple enemies at once is almost a certain end to the Tiger tank. The best option is to take cover from one tank and fire on the other.<br />
<br />
As far as ammo is concerned, the default PzGr 39 will be the standard AP rounds many players will use. The second AP round available, the Pzgr., is also a good round to use against the enemy as the shell contains more explosive filler than the default, but suffers from a lower penetration value compared to the PzGr 39. The HEAT rounds only offer more penetration at extreme ranges (> 2,000 m) and do less damage upon penetration, so it should just be omitted from the Tiger's combat load. The best upgrade for the Tiger I E would be the PzGr 40 APCR ammunition now available to the tank, necessary ammunition to fight the heavier vehicles in the Rank IV area, so always bring a few just in case. Upgrading the tank should mainly be dedicated to turret traverse, hull traverse (as this is needed even with the turret traverse upgrade) and engine upgrades. The Tiger's 88 has massive destructive power. Unlike the other German tank of its rank, all armed with 75 mm guns, the Tiger can easily one-shot all the mediums like the T-34s, M4 Shermans, and still be a threat against heavy tanks like the IS-1s. If it doesn't destroy a tank in one hit, most of the enemy crew will be wounded or incapacitated. The best place to aim with the 88 is either at the gunner's side of the enemy turret to incapacitate an enemy's firepower, or between the driver and the gunner which would usually wound or knock out most of the enemy crew at once. Attacking from the side also presents a good shot opportunity, as the best shot placement is right below the turret on the hull where most of the tank ammunition is stored, giving a big chance for an ammo-rack explosion.<br />
<br />
When driving the Tiger, plan ahead on where it will drive. Even with engine and track modifications, the Tiger is still a heavy tank and a 90 degree or more turn will almost always mean an immediate standstill as the tank try to make the change in movement. Even small adjustments can knock the speed down a bit. Thus, knowing the terrain and destination is of the utmost importance to preserve its mobility to its fullest extent.<br />
<br />
The Tiger is best used on the flanks of the current maps, as these are usually more open and allow good use of its armour and excellent gun. The centre of the map would seem more logical as there are a lot of enemies, but as has already been established a Tiger taking fire from multiple directions won't last long. Going in a flank and taking down light and medium tanks is an easy task for this beast, and thus a flank can be easily secured if the Tiger is driven carefully. Then, work the Tiger into the enemy sides and rear of the main force in the centre, doing much more damage than if the Tiger faced the force head-on because a shot to the side and rear will set most enemies alight if not outright exploding the ammunition. Quickly destroying enemies, the Tiger can quickly jump from target to target and eliminate a good number of enemies in its lifespan. During all this, make sure to always angle the hull armour to maximize longevity.<br />
<br />
With a BR of 5.7, the Tiger E faces most of the enemies the Tiger H1 could face, meaning a BR matchmaking range of 4.7-6.7. Many of the enemies in this range could effectively engage the Tiger, like the [[Panther (Disambiguation)|Panther medium tanks]], the [[T-34-85]], and even as high as the [[Tiger II (H)|Tiger IIs]].<br />
<br />
* [[M26|M26 Pershing]]: The American medium tank has a 90 mm cannon comparable to the 88 mm plus with sloped 100 mm armour compared to the Tiger's vertical one. However, a clean shot on the centre of the front armour when it is not angled can have the 88 mm shell penetrate straight through. The turret front is also a weak point.<br />
* [[T26E1-1|T26E1-1 "Super Pershing"]]: The "Super Pershing" has a 90 mm gun comparable to the 88 mm on the Tiger II, so extra caution must be exercised when on the business end of the gun. The added armour on the Super Pershing compared to the regular Pershing also improves its frontal resistance to shells. However, there is a big weak point on the right side on the front hull, with a large hull cut in the additional armour for the machine gun. A round through here would negate the extra armour and have the 88 mm only deal with the base armour.<br />
* [[T34]]: The T34 is on the same level as the Tiger II and as such outclasses the Tiger I by a large margin. If faced in the front, the only weak points present would be the commander's cupola, the gun optic on the right side of the gun mantlet, and the lower glacis armour. Facing this tank would require the use of the APCR or fancy manoeuvring to its side to plant a 88 mm onto its sides.<br />
* [[Panther D]], [[Panther A|A]], [[Panther G|G]], [[Panther F|F]]: At standard ranges, the weakest point on the Panther's front is the turret. Aim at the flat areas of the turret such as the bottom sides or straight into the curved gun mantlet. The Panther F presents a smaller turret target with its design, but the larger flat area still makes it a viable target for an 88 mm.<br />
* Tiger II [[Tiger II (P)|(P)]]/[[Tiger II (H)|(H)]]: A menace to the Tiger I, the Tiger II outclasses its predecessor in armour and firepower. The biggest frontal weak point, the turret front, is invulnerable to standard AP rounds from the Tiger I. Thus, an APCR is a must to have a reasonable chance of penetrating the Tiger II from the front. However, if the Tiger I can get a good shot at its side armour, a standard PzGr 39 APCBC round can take it out with ease.<br />
* [[T-34-85]]: The T-34-85 with it's 85 mm gun can take out a Tiger very easily if it gets a jump on its flat hull armour. However, an 88 mm shell onto the T-34-85 hull can take it out with ease.<br />
* [[IS-1]]: The IS-1's front hull and turret armour can be penetrated by the 88 mm, but beware of the 85 mm cannon<br />
* [[IS-2]], [[IS-2 (1944)]]: The IS-2's 122 mm cannon can very easily deal with the Tiger I with one shot. In the original IS-2 version, the front armour is still the same on the turret and hull so the same advice from the IS-1 applies. However, the 1944 version introduces a new front hull design that makes it impervious. In the 1944 version, aim for the lower glacis armour or the turret cheeks for a penetration.<br />
* [[Centurion Mk 1]]: With the heavily sloped frontal armour, strong turret and access to APDS, the Centurion can easily take out a Tiger I at long range. If the enemy could target an ammo rack is, they will easily take out the Tiger in one shot.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* The gun mantlet, MG port and driver's port are particularly hard to penetrate due to their complex, varying shape and thickness. Can absorb quite some shells sometimes. The cupola also has a better shape which makes it not so vulnerable<br />
* Decent cannon with adequate accuracy and a range of shells to choose. Stock shell has great penetration and damage, and can one-shot common opponents easily (eg. T-34-85, M4, IS-1, M6A1). Has access to a piercing APCR with 200+mm penetration, which is effective against thick, flat armour found on the Churchill Mk.VII or [[Ho-Ri Production|Ho-Ri]] (mixed battle)<br />
* Pzgr. shell can cause overpressure damage like it's a 100+ mm APHE round.<br />
* One of the fastest heavy tanks with its top speed of 45 km/h, meaning it can get to some positions quickly alongside friendly medium tanks.<br />
* The box-like hull shape gives the ability to angling tactic. When angling the hull at around 40° and placing yourself far from the enemies (at least 500 m away) the Tiger E can resist common tanks like the 76 mm Sherman, T-34-85 and [[M36 Jackson (Family)|M36]].<br />
* Good reverse speed and hull traverse allows it to quickly angle for deflecting shells.<br />
* -8° gun depression works well in most hilly terrain<br />
* Unlike the Tiger H1, the Tiger E does not have the S-Mine dischargers which limit gun depression.<br />
* Smoke shells allow it to escape from danger or to cover allies.<br />
* Has access to a pintle-mounted MG which can fend off low-flying aircraft or knock out the exposed crew of some vehicles (eg. GAZ trucks, [[M18 GMC|M18]]'s commander)<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Weak and unsloped armour protection. If not angling, the Tiger E can be destroyed easily by the T-34-85 or 76 mm Sherman. Even if the Tiger is angling, watch out for the [[IS-2 (Family)|IS-2]] that can still knock you out with one shot.<br />
* Might struggle to penetrate heavy targets frontally. For example the [[T29]], [[M26 (Family)|M26]], [[T26E1-1|T26E1]] and IS-2 1944.<br />
* Rather slow acceleration limits its short range manoeuvrability.<br />
* Slow turret traverse makes it hard to respond to flankers quickly. The [[M18 GMC|M18]] is very common at this BR<br />
* Ammo storage at the hull sides are very easy to explode when hit.<br />
* Is a big and tall target, easy to get spotted and shot at.<br />
* Other then APCR, not much of a upgrade over the Tiger H1 despite a higher battle rating.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
===Development===<br />
The '''Tiger I''' heavy tank was arguably the most infamous tank of World War II. The design for this tank began as early as January 1937 when Henschel & Sohn worked on a large "breakthrough" called the Durchbruchwagen that weighed about 30 tons on request by the German military.<ref name="ImagesOfWarTiger">Anthony Tucker-Jones. ''Images Of War Special: Tiger I & Tiger II'' Great Britain: Pen & Sword Military, 2013</ref> The request was modified over time for more armour and better gun that increased the weight to 36 tons, but this project was dropped in 1938 in favour of the better prototypes VK 30.01(H) and VK 36.01(H). These new prototypes were the start of the usage of the Schachtellaufwerk wheel arrangements, but these also never passed prototype stages and were both cancelled in 1942.<br />
<br />
During the development of the prototypes above, the German invasion of France showed that the Allied tanks such as the Somua, Char B1, and [[Matilda Mk II|Matilda II]] were impervious to their current anti-tank weaponry and a need for better armoured and armed tanks was emphasized. So on May 26, 1941, Henschel and Porsche were asked to submit designs for a 45-ton heavy tank that was to be ready for demonstration by June 1942. During their development in June 1941, Germany initiated Operation Barbarossa against the Soviet Union and was shocked by appearance of the [[T-34 (1941)|T-34]] and [[KV-1 (ZiS-5)|KV-1]] tanks that were invulnerable to all but the most potent anti-tank weapon in German inventory, one of which was the [[KwK 36 (88 mm)|88 mm FlaK cannon]]. The potency of the 88 mm cannon against the heavily armoured tanks that the Germans faced had Hitler ordered that the heavy tank design undertaken by Henschel and Porsche to utilize the 88 mm as its main armament instead of a 75 mm cannon.<br />
<br />
The designs of the tank were finalized and ready for demonstration on April 20, 1942, Hitler's birthday, and showed the VK 45.01(H) and the [[VK 45.01 (P)|VK 45.01(P)]]. The demonstration and subsequent evaluations on the two designs determined that the Henschel variant was superior to the Porsche variant, proving more reliable, more mobile, and more easily produced than the Porsche. This caused the Henschel variant to be adopted as the '''Panzerkampfwagen VI Tiger''' and production started in August 1942. The Porsche variant had many chassis produced as Ferdinand Porsche thought the design would win, so the chassis was instead used in the [[Ferdinand|Ferdinand]] tank destroyer.<br />
<br />
===Design===<br />
What perhaps made the Tiger I so unique in tank development and German doctrine is a change of focus between the three characteristics of the tank; with more emphasis to firepower and armour than to mobility. The Tiger I contained the large [[KwK 36 (88 mm)|88 mm KwK 36 cannon]] which was very accurate and powerful, being able to penetrate every Allied armour present at its introduction. The armour on the Tiger I was also one of the greatest at the time, with an astounding 102 mm of armour on the front hull armour, 82 mm on the side superstructure and rear, and 120 mm on the gun mantlet. The armour was vertical faced so no sloping benefits were present like on the [[Panther D|Panther]]. All these armour thicknesses proved invulnerable to most Allied anti-tank weaponry at the time, requiring more creative methods in a shot placement to disable the tank. The mobility, while taken with less emphasis in the development, was still respectable at the time as the tank weighed about 57 metric tons, about 20 tons more than other country's main tanks, yet is able to keep up a speed of 38 km/h (Maximum speed was 45 km/h, but an engine governor was installed to preserve the engine life).<br />
<br />
The tank utilized a torsion-bar suspension system in a Schachtellaufwerk overlapping pattern, making the Tiger one of the first German tank design to use the pattern. While the design gave the Tiger I great flotation due to the use of a wider track for lower ground pressure, it had disadvantages in environment and maintenance. In the Eastern Front, mud and other foreign objects could be jammed in between the overlapping wheels, which would freeze in the winter and jam the wheels; the overlapping wheels also were a hassle to change out, in order to replace one wheel in the inside of the suspension, it requires the removal of at least nine other wheels in order to access it. The first 250 Tiger tanks used a Maybach V-12 HL210 engine with 650 hp before switching over to the more powerful Maybach V-12 HL230 engine with 700 hp. The engine proved adequate in propelling the tank but was still considered underpowered for the tank weight.<br />
<br />
The Tiger I, as innovative as it is to tank warfare, was a strain on German war production. The tank was over-engineered, taking much more man-hour and materials for its worth as a war machine. Cost-wise, two [[Pz.IV G|Panzer IVs]] or four [[StuG III G|StuG IIIs]] can be built for the cost of one Tiger I. The tank was also expensive to maintain and took lots of fuel to run. These attributed to the low number of only 1,354 Tiger Is produced from 1942 to August 1944.<ref name="ImagesOfWarTiger">Anthony Tucker-Jones. ''Images Of War Special: Tiger I & Tiger II'' Great Britain: Pen & Sword Military, 2013</ref><br />
<br />
===Variants===<br />
There are three main production Tiger I variants known today, the "early-production", "mid-production", and "late-production" models. The Early-production model was designated as the '''[[Tiger H1|Panzerkampfwagen VI Ausf. H]]''' the first few batches and is distinguished by its drum-style cupola with over-swinging hatch, the model also had two vehicle lights on the front side of the tank. The Mid-production featured Zimmerit paste and a side-swinging cupola with accommodation for a machine gun mounted on the cupola, the vehicle light was also changed to just one placed right in the front of the hull armour. The mid-production was also redesignated in May 1943 as the '''[[Tiger E|Panzerkampfwagen VI Ausf. E]]'''. Late-production models featured the removal of the Zimmerit paste as there was an assumed flaw with it, and the overlapping wheels were instead made into interleaving with full-steel road wheels as well, in a manner similar to the [[Tiger II (H)|Tiger II]].<br />
<br />
Other specialized variants of the Tiger I was produced as well. A small number of demolition carrier models were field-made in Italy, where it had its main gun replaced by a crane to carry demolition to clear minefields or destroy obstacles. The demolition carrier version was interpreted by Allied intelligence as a BergeTiger, an armoured recovery vehicle, though it is not known if it ever saw service in this role. Another specialized variant produced in 1944 in some numbers was the Sturmtiger, an heavy assault gun with a 38 cm rocket launcher made from a depth charge. 19 of these were made and saw use in all fronts, though its most noteworthy combat action was in the Warsaw Uprising.<br />
<br />
===Combat usage===<br />
In its introduction, Hitler ordered the new Tigers to be used in the Leningrad siege in September 1942. However, as the faults of the tank were still not yet fully ironed out at this stage, the mechanical unreliability and the unsuitable terrain caused one of the Tiger Is to be stuck in the swamps and abandoned by its users. This example was then captured by the Red Army and tipped off the Allies of the development of the new Tiger tanks and so developments in countermeasures began. In North Africa, the Tigers saw the first action against the Western Allies in Tunisia in December 1942. Its impact there left an impression on the Allied armour forces, but its myth as an invulnerable tank was shattered when two Tigers were taken out by the British [[Ordnance QF 6-pounder Mk.III (57 mm)|6-pounder anti-tank guns]]. The total loss in that campaign was seven Tigers by February 1943.<br />
<br />
Once mass-numbers of Tiger Is were available, they were employed in heavy tank battalions that were to be deployed in breakthrough operations or counter-attacks. Field experience with the Tiger showed that the Tiger's heavyweight proved a nuisance in operational mobility, an example being that small bridges were unable to support the Tiger tank's weight. An attempt to remedy this was to use a snorkel device so the tank could ford rivers as deep as 4 m, however, this system was phased out of later production models for cost-savings. The Tiger suffered reliability problems in all of its service life that impeded its effectiveness and its high fuel usage limited its combat operations. Armour recovery of the vehicle was also terrible as three heavy recovery half-tracks were required to tow the tank away, causing a strain on the German support line to keep the Tiger tanks in running order. Despite that, the Tiger I proved superior in terms of armour and armament against the Allies and created massive losses among their armoured forces, causing many soldiers to keep an eye out for the infamous "Tigers".<br />
<br />
The impact the Tiger had on the battlefield as the superior tank at its introduction created fame to the commanders and crew operating this tank, further fueling the Tiger's reputation in the war as a killing machine. Some Tiger units were able to achieve kill ratios up to 10:1, and some even higher. Some notable Tiger aces known were Kurt Knispel (168 tank kills), Otto Carius (150+), Johannes Bölter (139+), and Michael Wittmann (138).<br />
<br />
However, as the war progressed and the impact of the Tiger's surprise in Kursk and Italy has dissolved, Allied developments gave forth more capable tanks able to defeat the Tiger I tanks. The Soviets solution was to up-gun their [[T-34 (1942)|T-34s]] with an [[D-5T (85 mm)|85 mm gun]] to make the [[T-34-85]], and the Western Allies with the [[M1 (76 mm)|76 mm]] and [[Ordnance QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|17-pounders]] on the [[M4A1 (76) W|M4 Sherman]] and [[Sherman Firefly|Firefly]] respectively.. The Tiger went as an highly-invulnerable tank design into a simple heavy tank as the war went on, and it was replaced by the more powerful and more heavily armoured [[Tiger II (H)|Tiger II]] in 1944. Despite its replacement, many Tiger I models still saw use up until the end of World War II.<br />
<br />
===Survivors===<br />
Due to the low number of Tiger Is made during the war (1354, compared to [[Pz.IV H|Panzer IV]]'s 8,550 and the [[M4|M4 Sherman]]'s ~50,000), very few intact Tiger Is are left in the world. Today, only seven tanks in various conditions exist in the world. The most famous of these is Tiger 131, captured by the British in Tunisia in April 1943. The crew abandoned the tank due to a [[Ordnance QF 6-pounder Mk.III (57 mm)|6-pounder]] shot from a [[Churchill Mk III|Churchill tank]] jamming the gun mantlet and turret ring, causing it to be unable to aim. This intact tank is also famous for being the only fully operational Tiger I in the world due to a restoration effort by the Bovington Tank Museum in the 1990s. It is still there as a display and remains as the museum's most popular exhibit.<br />
<br />
=== In-game description ===<br />
A late modification to the Pz.Kpfw heavy tank. The VI Tiger was intended to reduce the expense of production and make the vehicle more easily adaptable to specific combat conditions.<br />
<br />
Late-model Tigers had an upgraded track assembly, including full-metal rollers with internal amortization, which allowed them to be used for longer without degrading the smoothness of the ride. The number of rows of rollers was reduced from four to three on each side. The external row was removed. A new track adjusting wheel with a reduced diameter was installed.<br />
<br />
The design of the turret was altered: the thickness of the armour at the top of the turret was increased to 45 mm, and a new gun mantlet was installed under the TFZ-9's monocular sight. To defend the tank in close combat a Nahverteidigungswaffe bomb discharger was installed that fired anti-personal mines. A Zimmerit coating was used that was supposed to protect the tank against magnetic mines and grenades.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_pzkpfw_VI_ausf_e_tiger Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Sights<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/post/675135/en/ RideR2's Realistic gunsight (TZF4a, TZF 5a/b/d/e/f/f2, TZF 9b/b1/c/d, TZF 12/a) for Pzkpfw II, Pzkpfw III, Pzkpfw IV, Pzkpfw V, Pzkpfw VI]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|MhjI_h5FhG4|'''IS-2 vs Tiger E''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|9_txEPailKc|'''The Shooting Range #92''' - ''Tactics & Strategy'' section at 10:50 discusses the Tiger I.|kFQd8TYt6Ew|'''Tank Chats #17 Tiger I''' - ''The Tank Museum''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/devblog/current/745/|[Devblog] IL-2 AM-38 1941 and Pz.Kpfw. VI Ausf. E Tiger]]<br />
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=== References ===<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
{{Germany heavy tanks}}</div>U107834404https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=LeKPz_M41&diff=113457LeKPz M412021-10-13T09:22:18Z<p>U107834404: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = German light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| usage = other variants<br />
| link = M41 Walker Bulldog (Family)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=germ_le_kpz_m41<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].<br />
<br />
Essentially a West German-operated model of the American [[M41A1|M41 Walker Bulldog]], the leKPz M41 features smoke grenades and a different ammunition selection at the same battle rating. It offers scouting capability, powerful armament, and teammate support in a highly mobile package - especially valuable for players who do not own the premium [[Ru 251]].<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour<br />
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Lower glacis)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 28.5 mm (49°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 63.5 mm (33-37°) ''Lower glacis'' || 28.5 mm || 28.5 mm (46°) ''Top'' <br> 25.4 mm (1°) ''Middle'' <br> 25.4 mm (20°) ''Bottom'' || 12.7 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 44.4 mm (11-13°) ''Turret front'' <br> 50.8 mm (2-43°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 31.75 mm (1°) || 31.75 mm (1°) || 12.7 mm<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels, bogies, and tracks are 15 mm thick.<br />
* An extra 12.7 mm RHA metal plate is present on the right side of the turret near the pintle 7.62 mm machine gun.<br />
* A 4 mm Structural steel box is present, mounted on the vehicle rear turret.<br />
<br />
The M41's armour is very light and practically useless. With some luck, a few shots may bounce off of the turret if at an angle but don't expect that to happen often. As for the rest of the tank, it has no real armour and will be penetrated by any tank cannons at its rank. However, this means that APDS rounds used by some contemporary tanks will not create much spalling, which limits the post-penetration damage of poorly aimed shots. The armour is thick enough to trigger the fuses on APHE rounds, so be wary of instant knockouts. The most vulnerable part of this tank is the large turret. Three crew members are located here and most shots to the right of the gun will immediately destroy the tank. The turret does have a lot of empty space on the left side of the gun causing most solid shots there to do no damage. Still, avoid keeping the turret exposed, it is an enticing target for APHE rounds and a single one of those can send the tank back to the hangar.<br />
<br />
Compared to some other contemporary light tanks like the [[Ru 251]] or [[T92]], the M41 is at least immune to heavy machine guns from the front and sides. It also cannot be hull-broken.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=775|rbMinHp=442}}<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|M32 (76 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[M32 (76 mm)|76 mm M32]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 65 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 34.27 || 47.44 || 57.60 || 63.69 || 67.76 || rowspan="2" | 7.67 || rowspan="2" | 6.79 || rowspan="2" | 6.25 || rowspan="2" | 5.90<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 21.42 || 25.20 || 30.60 || 33.84 || 36.00<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
The leKPz M41 has the same ammunition types as the [[T92]]. Unlike the original US M41A1, the stock round is the M319 APCR, which has poor angled penetration, low post-penetration damage, and is generally painful to use. Unfortunately, APCR is the only anti-tank round available until Tier 3 of upgrades. If forced to use it, aim for very flat armor, hope that this ends up causing some damage, and allow a teammate to finish the job. The APCR should be replaced as soon as possible by the unlockable M331A2 APDS, which is superior in all aspects. The APDS has high muzzle velocity and penetration, being decent against angled armour as well. It will penetrate the frontal armour of a [[M26|M26 Pershing]] or [[Centurion Mk 3]] with ease and can penetrate the turrets of most Soviet tanks. However, the upper glacis of the [[T-44]] and [[IS-2 (1944)]] are immune to it, and US heavy tanks like the [[T34]] can be tough customers. The best usage of APDS is for crippling targets. In frontal engagements, try to take out the enemy gunner or cannon breech first, and from the side, shoot for the engine or driver. Additional follow-up shots can be made as necessary to prevent return fire. Once the target is immobilized and neutered, the APDS can be fired at ammo racks or remaining crew members to deliver the coup de grace. This might take a few tries, and it's not uncommon for teammates to swoop in and secure the kill.<br />
<br />
The unlockable M496 HEAT-FS round is one of the main selling points of the LeKPz. It has a lower muzzle velocity than the APDS and can be interrupted by bushes or fences, but it does offer slightly better flat penetration and significantly better angled penetration at any distance, which can help against hard targets. It is also more helpful against light targets as the explosive content allows it to hull-break SPAAs and other light tanks. The post penetration damage is otherwise nothing special. While inferior overall to the Ru 251's HEAT-FS, it is still worth taking.<br />
<br />
The stock M352 HE shell can cause hull-breaks, but is otherwise useless. Once the HEAT-FS is unlocked, the HE should be avoided as it has significantly worse ballistics and utility in return for only slightly more explosive content.<br />
<br />
The leKPz M41 does not have the M339 AP shot or the M361 smoke round from the US M41A1, which makes it more difficult to finish off crippled targets and blind enemies from afar.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| M319 shot || APCR || 206 || 200 || 174 || 146 || 122 || 103<br />
|-<br />
| M352 shell || HE || 12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || 12<br />
|-<br />
| M331A2 shot || APDS || 232 || 231 || 212 || 193 || 163 || 137<br />
|-<br />
| M496 shell || HEATFS || 254 || 254 || 254 || 254 || 254 || 254<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| M319 shot || APCR || 1,234 || 3.2 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 66° || 70° || 72°<br />
|-<br />
| M352 shell || HE || 732 || 6.8 || 0 || 0.1 || 867.22 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| M331A2 shot || APDS || 1,231 || 1.49 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°<br />
|-<br />
| M496 shell || HEATFS || 1,082 || 3.2 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 653.69 || 65° || 72° || 77°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_M41A1.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<!-- '''Last updated: 2.5.0.23''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''65''' || 33&nbsp;''(+32)'' || 12&nbsp;''(+53)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+64)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The ammo racks of the leKPz M41 are the same as the original M41A1. Ammunition tends to be stored initially in the fighting compartment and there is an enormous ammo rack to the right of the driver which would normally be a large survivability issue. However, since this is a light tank with little expectation of survivability to begin with, in practice this is not a huge problem. It is still recommended to take less ammo such that the fighting compartment is mostly empty. This way, penetrating rounds with punctual damage are less likely to blow the tank sky-high from shots aimed at the side or at the driver.<br />
<br />
Keep in mind that due to the low post-penetration damage of its ammunition, the M41 goes through its APDS and HEAT-FS rounds quickly. Keep a reasonable number of them in stock to avoid having to run to cap zones frequently.<br />
<br />
<!--==== [[Optics]] ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} Optics<br />
|-<br />
!<br />
! Default magnification<br />
! Maximum magnification<br />
|-<br />
! Main Gun optics<br />
| x7.2 || x8.0<br />
|-<br />
! Comparable optics<br />
| colspan="2" | ___<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
--><br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M1919A4 (7.62 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Pintle || 2,175 (200) || 577 || -10°/+70° || ±60°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Coaxial || 4,900 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
<br />
The leKPz M41 is best used as a support tank, covering teammate advances and scouting enemies from afar. While it can be used for brawling, the terrible armour, bouncy gun handling, and inability to destroy enemies quickly mean that this role should be left to other tanks if possible.<br />
<br />
At the start of the match, use the mobility to move up and find a good vantage point. Stick close to cover and watch carefully for enemies. When they appear, scout them and wait for an opportune time to attack, perhaps when they have been distracted by teammates or are not looking in the M41's direction. As mentioned earlier, it is important to cripple enemies quickly and efficiently to avoid return fire, at which point they can be dismantled at one's leisure or left for teammates to clean up. A good M41 user can keep multiple tanks disabled at the same time, turning the tide of battle.<br />
<br />
Move up or otherwise switch positions every once in a while to avoid retaliatory flanks or bomb deliveries, and keep a comfortable distance away from where enemy tanks are expected to appear. Only advance to capture points if the coast is clear, and again, this job is better left to heavier tanks. Note that unlike the Ru 251, the M41's large profile and comparatively worse mobility make long flanks and aggressive pushes more risky, and these tactics are not preferred.<br />
<br />
The good optics, decent gun depression, and high velocity APDS/HEAT-FS make the M41 a good sniper. Most enemies that it will encounter do not require precise aiming to penetrate unless the tank has been uptiered. Just be prepared to reverse into cover or pop smoke if the target only sustains superficial damage. Watch out for other light tanks like the [[T92]], [[M56|M56 Scorpion]], and [[Type 63-I]]. They are capable of dispatching the M41 with ease and their high mobility makes them difficult to account for when wrangling multiple opponents. The best tools against these are HEAT-FS and the M2 Browning machine gun. Thankfully, as a German tank, the M41 will usually not face the Ru 251 in realistic battles.<br />
<br />
Stick close to trees or tall buildings if aircraft are around. The M41's size and bulbous turret makes it easy to spot and even aircraft armed with heavy machine guns can penetrate the roof easily. It should go without saying that bombs and rockets are also very lethal.<br />
<br />
Remember to scout enemies as often as possible. This makes it much easier for your teammates to stay alive and dispatch them, and when the latter happens a reward is given and the SP cost of aircraft is reduced. A successful run can result in very cheap aircraft spawns, which is a good consolation if the M41's career ends with a revenge bomb or untimely snipe from a camping opponent. Do not fret if not many kills are achieved, it is common to rack up lots of assists and still contribute a lot to the team - definitely nice considering the difficult stock grind.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Agile tank, has good reverse speed and can turn in place<br />
* Good top speed 72 km/h (average speed is more around 35-40 km/h)<br />
* Fast turret traverse<br />
* Fast reload rate<br />
* Has access to the same HEAT-FS shell as the T92<br />
* .50 cal AA machine gun with good coverage, for use against aircraft and light targets<br />
* Equipped with smoke grenade launchers<br />
* Can fulfill the role of the Ru 251 for players that don't have it<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Large profile for a light tank<br />
* Bad armour, can be ripped to shreds by all the AA guns at the tier<br />
* Armour is thick enough to fuse APHE rounds<br />
* All ammo types cause punctual post-penetration damage<br />
* Painful stock grind that begins with an APCR stock shell<br />
* HEAT-FS is mediocre<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
<br />
===Development===<br />
The U.S. Army light tank in the latter part of World War II, the [[M24|M24 ''Chaffee'']], was a promising design but was deemed not effective for the future of armour encounters. Though its role as a scout was seen as needing the 75 mm gun, the army wanted a tank with a better gun to have a more equal chance against tanks. The project began as the ''T37'' program in 1947 with the focus of being air-transportable with an anti-tank capability in the form of a 76 mm gun and a rangefinder. The adoption of a simplified rangefinder had the project designation changed to the ''T41''. After testing and evaluations, the ''T41'' model was accepted into service as the '''M41 ''Little Bulldog'' ''', with production starting at Cadillac Cleveland Tank Plant in 1951. The name ''Little Bulldog'' stayed until General Walton Walker, the first commander of the 8th US Army in Korea, died in a car accident, so the tank was renamed into the '''M41 ''Walker Bulldog'' ''' in remembrance. Production went from 1953 to somewhere in the late 1960s with about 3,728 units produced.<br />
<br />
The M41 light tank would go on to replace the M24 ''Chaffees'' by 1953. The M41 had a crew of four, commander, gunner, loader, and driver. The tank had a profile of under 9 feet and 19 feet long. The tank was lightweight at 23.5 tons and thus had rather thin armour, with the front armour only 25.4 mm thick (sloped at 60 degrees for about 50 mm effective). However, the tank was very agile with its torsion bar suspension and Continental AOS 895-3 series 6-cylinder gasoline engine of 500 hp which could deliver a road speed of 45 mph with a 100 miles operating range. Unfortunately, the tank was criticized for being noisy, a fuel-guzzler, rather heavy, and the American crewman found the ''Bulldog's'' interior to be quite cramped. Despite that, it delivered speed, firepower, and reliability in a light tank format. Several upgrades were made on the M41 with better technology, the '''M41A1''' had a hydraulic turret traverse with more ammo storage, the ''M41A2'' had a new fuel system, and the ''M41A3'' are old M41A1 tanks with the new fuel system from the M41A2.<br />
<br />
===Combat usage===<br />
The M41 ''Walker Bulldog'' first saw use in Korea in a limited combat run. The tanks, still labelled their experimental designation T41, were sent for field testing on design deficiencies. It is unknown what other purposes they served there except for the tests. Their first major conflict once adopted by the U.S. Army was in Vietnam, mainly by replacing the M24 ''Chaffees'' in service with the South Vietnamese army (ARVN) at the time. The M41A3 tanks arrived in January 1965 and were instantly popular; not only for their advantages, but the previously cramped interior for American crews were actually a perfect fit for the smaller Vietnamese armour crewman. The ''Bulldog'' went on to fight in the Vietnam War as a reliable war machine. The ''Bulldog'' had an advantage due to its lightweight in manoeuvring in the jungle terrain of the region. In 1971, Operation Lam Son 719, the disruption of the North Vietnamese Army supply lines had the M41 ''Bulldogs'' play a major role, accompanied by two airborne battalions and two cavalry regiments. Penetrating deep into enemy lines, the 17 M41 tanks engaged and destroyed six Soviet-designed [[T-54 (1951)|T-54 tanks]] and other lighter armoured vehicles. This engagement came at a loss of 5 M41 and 25 armoured personnel carriers. By 1973, the ARVN still used about 200 M41 tanks while the transition of the American unit over to the [[M48A1|M48A3 ''Patton'' tanks]] in Europe and Stateside. The M41 light tanks were also exported to various other countries. Today, Guatemala, Somalia, Taiwan, Uruguay, and Vietnam still use the M41 ''Walker Bulldog'', some via upgrading the tanks to extend their service life.<br />
<br />
The M41 ''Walker Bulldog'' design was advanced for the time, giving a relatively lightweight tank the firepower to take on other tanks of its time period. The chassis was even used on the ''[[M42|M42 ''Duster'' Anti-Air gun]]'' and the ''M75 Armored Personnel Carrier''. The drive, engine, transmission, and auxiliary engine also were used in the ''M44/M52 155 howitzer''. By 1969, the US Army began replacing the M41 with the newer [[M551|M551 ''Sheridan'' Armored Airborne Reconnaissance Assault Vehicle]] (officially not a "light tank") which had a [[M81 (152 mm)|152 mm cannon]] that could fire shells and [[Anti-tank guided missiles|anti-tank missiles]]. The M551 ''Sheridan'' could be used in roles that the M41 ''Walker Bulldog'' couldn't do, such as be air-dropped and amphibious but was rather unreliable. This made the M41 ''Walker Bulldog'' to be the last American "light tank" produced and the last made before the classification between tank classes based on weight and role ended.<br />
<br />
=== Usage by the Bundeswehr (leKPz M41) ===<br />
The leKPz M41 (short for leichter Kampfpanzer M41 (light MBT M41) was the Bundeswehr variant, serving in the West German Army from 1956 to 1969. The leKPz M41's served in Panzeraufklärungsbatallionen (tank reconnaissance batallions) and Panzerjägerbataillionen (tank destroyer batallions). Very few served in Panzergrenadierbataillionen (tank grenadier bataillions). From 1969, the leKPz M41 was replaced by the [[Leopard 1]] in reconnaissance bataillions and by tank destroyers like the [[JPz 4-5]] and the [[RakJPz 2]] in tank destroyer bataillions. Variants with a slightly modified chassis of the M41 remained in service in the form of SPAA (Flakpanzer M42) as well as in the form of tank howitzers (lePzH M52 and mPzH M44).<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Images<br />
<br />
[[File:LeKPz M41 Firing.jpg|alt=LePKz M41 firing its main gun|none|thumb|LePKz M41 firing its main gun]]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|0Cgaf_UMQuE|'''leKPz M41 - Tank Review - So Good''' - ''Napalmratte''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [http://www.panzerbaer.de/types/bw_lkpz_m41-a.htm <nowiki>[Panzerbaer.de] DER SPÄHPANZER M41 (Bw)</nowiki>]<br />
<br />
{{Germany light tanks}}</div>U107834404https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=M19A1&diff=111091M19A12021-09-10T09:05:15Z<p>U107834404: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=us_m19<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft (SPAA) gun {{Battle-rating}}. It was one of the first vehicles to be released with the US ground forces in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]]. Armed with dual-mounted 40 mm Bofors guns, the {{PAGENAME}} provides a substantial firepower upgrade over the standard .50 cal machine guns and 37 mm autocannon used in its predecessors [[M16 MGMC]] and [[M15A1 CGMC]].<br />
<br />
As a SPAA, stay behind and close to your teammates and outside of your enemies' view and range while keeping a clear line of sight to the horizon for low-flying aircraft.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, turret)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 12.7 mm (59°) ''Upper glacis'' <br> 12.7 mm (45°) ''Lower glacis'' || 12.7 mm (11°) || 12.7 mm || 12.7 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 12.7 mm (cylindrical) ''Gun shield - lower part'' <br> 12.7 mm (spherical) ''Gun shield - upper part'' || 8 mm (cylindrical) <br> 8 + 12.7 mm (cylindrical) ''Turret base'' || 8 mm (cylindrical) <br> 8 + 12.7 mm (cylindrical) ''Turret base''<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels are 10 mm thick while tracks are 15 mm thick.<br />
<br />
The {{PAGENAME}} is so lightly armoured that it is very vulnerable to nearby ammorack detonations, bomb blasts and even heavy MG fire can reliably penetrate the vehicle from beyond 1,000 m.<br />
As the {{PAGENAME}} has an open-topped turret, gun servants are also very exposed to MG fire, artillery strikes and plane strafings.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 420|rbMinHp= 262}}<br />
<br />
As a light vehicle, the {{PAGENAME}} is agile. While it has a high top speed, the acceleration is quite slow: expect a cruise speed around 40 km/h instead. The reverse speed is very high, allowing you to pull out of dangerous situations quickly. The lack of neutral steering makes turning on the spot slow (3 km/h): make sure to build a little speed before turning and you'll turn faster (7 km/h). If you need to quickly turn your hull on the spot towards flanking enemies, privilege the reverse gear (-6 km/h).<br />
<br />
The offroad mobility is good: the {{PAGENAME}} reaches 17 km/h when fording, 19 km/h when driving uphill with some speed built-up and a mere 12 km/h uphill from a stop start. The wide tracks combined to the light weight of the vehicle grant the {{PAGENAME}} a good mobility on hard (solid ground, roads) and soft terrain (mud, snow, sand). Light obstacles (fences and bushes) are not a problem but medium to large obstacles (posts, trees, concrete blocks and parked vehicles) will reduce your mobility: avoid them.<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|Bofors (40 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="6" | [[Bofors (40 mm)|40 mm Bofors]] (x2) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 352 (8) || rowspan="2" | 120 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+85° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 35.2 || 48.8 || 59.2 || 65.5 || 69.7 || rowspan="2" | 0.65 || rowspan="2" | 0.58 || rowspan="2" | 0.53 || rowspan="2" | 0.50<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 23.8 || 28.0 || 34.0 || 37.6 || 40.0<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The 40 mm Bofors gun stays reliably accurate until 1,000 m distance. Beyond 1,500 m the loss of accuracy becomes a real handicap.<br />
The shortness of the gun is mitigated by the high rate of fire and the fact that targeted aircraft are bigger than an average ground vehicle. Your ideal engagement window is between 1,000 and 1,500 m for aircraft. The high muzzle velocity of your shells grants you pretty flat firing trajectories and thus helps fire at fast-moving targets from a distance. As your shells weigh the same, your different belts offer the same firing arc.<br />
<br />
The turret traverse speed is very high, allowing you to track any aircraft flying right by you. The gun elevation is also very good, almost allowing vertical fire. The depression angle is poor but not often used. The recoil is minimal and barely impacts your targeting. The reload time between clips is very short: under 1 second. While lacking a stabilizer, the M19 still can reliably fire on the move at targets under 700 m distance.<br />
<br />
The gun overheats after in 20 seconds of uninterrupted fire and is forced into a cooldown phase of 10 seconds during which you can't shoot.<br />
To keep the gun from overheating, privilege firing by bursts instead of continuous fire with small pauses between shots. The overheating is displayed in-game by 4 red quadrants around your sight gradually filling up as you gun temperature rises. Always keep it from reaching the 3rd quadrant.<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
<br />
* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}} - The belt composition means that 50% of the shells (HEFI-T*) are useless against tanks. However, this belt is reliable against open-topped or lightly armoured targets like SPAA vehicles as well as against planes.<br />
<br />
* '''Mk.II:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}} - This belt does little damage against armoured targets and should be used especially against aircraft or open-topped vehicles. The high-explosive filler is deadly to crew members.<br />
<br />
* '''M81A1:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}} - This belt offers decent damage against lightly armoured tanks, especially at close range. While the damage effects post-penetration can be quite poor, the rapid fire from the autocannon can remedy this problem by following up quickly with another penetrating shot. In close combat, these shells should be used against modules and crew member to make the most of each shell.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Default || AP-T/HEFI-T* || 72 || 69 || 58 || 47 || 38 || 30<br />
|-<br />
| Mk.II || HEFI-T* || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3<br />
|-<br />
| M81A1 || AP-T || 72 || 69 || 58 || 47 || 38 || 30<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Mk.II || HEFI-T* || 874 || 0.86 || 0 || 0.1 || 63 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| M81A1 || AP-T || 874 || 0.88 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
<!-- '''Last updated:''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! 7th<br>rack empty<br />
! 8th<br>rack empty<br />
! 9th<br>rack empty<br />
! 10th<br>rack empty<br />
! 11th<br>rack empty<br />
! 12th<br>rack empty<br />
! 13th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''44''' || 22&nbsp;''(+22)'' || 20&nbsp;''(+24)'' || 18&nbsp;''(+26)'' || 17&nbsp;''(+27)'' || 15&nbsp;''(+29)'' || 13&nbsp;''(+31)'' || 12&nbsp;''(+32)'' || 10&nbsp;''(+34)'' || 8&nbsp;''(+36)'' || 7&nbsp;''(+37)'' || 5&nbsp;''(+39)'' || 3&nbsp;''(+41)'' || 2&nbsp;''(+42)'' || Yes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
'''Notes''':<br />
<br />
* The visual discrepancy concerns racks and clips: racks are modeled to contain 5 clips while clips are modeled to contain 5 rounds.<br />
* The game however shoots 8 rounds per clip and racks disappear after varying amounts of rounds have been shot. Example: rack 2 to 13 are the same size (25 rounds) but some disappear after 2 clips were fired (16 rounds), some others disappear only after 1 clip (8 rounds) has been fired.<br />
* No rack is emptied before you have fired 21 clips out of 44.<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
With the Dual 40 mm Bofors the M19 has an excellent weapon against [[:Category:Bombers|bombers]] and [[:Category:Attackers|armoured attackers]]. The ammo is limited though, so reserve the fire for certain hits. Against fighters, the same tactic should be applied.<br />
<br />
Compared to certain other SPAAs ([[ZSU-37]], [[Wirbelwind]], [[M13 MGMC]], etc.), the M19 cannot be used as effectively in an anti-vehicle role, so stay behind your allies and watch the skies for enemy aircraft. If contact with ground targets is inevitable however, aiming for a targets' cannon barrel or tracks is a valid option. If flanking is available, take the opportunity and load some shells into their sides or rear. However be very careful, your crew members are exposed to machine gun fire and can easily be knocked out. This is a problem especially if it's coming from enemy aircraft, as they can also easily kill your crew. So take caution if using the M19 in an anti-vehicle role.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Heavy anti-air firepower<br />
* Powerful 40 mm HE shells, can decimate/critically damage aircraft<br />
* Reloads in 0.6 seconds<br />
* Good mobility<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Open top, exposing loaders and gunners<br />
* Compared to other SPAA at the same rank, poor anti-vehicle performance<br />
* Little armor<br />
* Decreased mobility off-road<br />
* Exposed ammo rack<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
===Development===<br />
The development of this vehicle began from the T65 project. The T65 was classified as the ''40 mm Gun Motor Carriage T65'' and was based off the chassis of the [[M5A1|M5 Stuart]] as requested by US Army Armored Force for a light anti-aircraft vehicle. The T65 was a successful vehicle and went on for about 1,000 units produced, however, it stopped because the production line for the Stuart chassis was phased out as well. As a replacement, the Armored Force peered into the new light tank entering production, the [[M24|M24 Chaffee]], as the basis of their new light anti-aircraft vehicle. This project was called the ''T65E1'' and was being developed at the same time with the M24 (still in development as the T24). The layout for the T65E1 on the new chassis was similar to the one used with Stuart's chassis, with the gun turret at the rear and engine at the middle, and only a few changes were made like changing the original vertical gun shield into an angular one.<br />
<br />
The T65E1 was accepted in May 1944 and designated as the '''Twin Gun Motor Carriage M19'''. An order of 904 of these vehicles was sent to Cadillac, but production didn't start until August and the factory was only able to make 285 units before the war ended due to diversion in parts to creating full M24 Chaffees. An upgrade made during its production life was designated the '''M19A1''' and had an auxiliary engine and generator to operate the 40 mm cannons in case the main engine is disabled, plus an extra compartment to hold two spare barrels for the gun should they be damaged or overheated.<br />
<br />
===Combat usage===<br />
The M19 TGMCs that were produced were sent to Europe and used by the US Army. However, by the time the M19 was available for use, the German Luftwaffe had been decimated by the Allied air superiority, thus the M19 use as an anti-aircraft gun has been diminished greatly. The M19, like its many anti-aircraft vehicle designs made before it, found great service as an assault gun, where its 40 mm twin cannons can deliver much more firepower than its predecessors with either only .50 calibre machine guns ([[M16 MGMC|M16 MGMC]]), or a 37 mm autocannon ([[M15A1 CGMC|M15 CGMC]]). The M19 was never exported to America's allies in the Lend-Lease Act, and not even after the war with the Military Aid Program. Despite that, the M19 still saw use in America up to the Korean War for nearly the same purposes it was given for in World War II as a ground support weapon. It was used as a defensive turret against charging North Korean and Chinese forces when they try to overrun infantry positions, to which it served with devastating effect. Its effect against enemy aircraft is dubious during the war.<br />
<br />
When the M24 Chaffee and its chassis derivatives were finally phased out of service in 1956 for newer tanks in production, the M19 was no exception. However, the M19 40 mm turrets were removed from the chassis and was simply put onto the next light tank chassis that was to take over the role the M24 Chaffee was built for. This light tank was the [[M41A1|M41 Walker Bulldog]] and the M19 turret-mounted chassis was named the [[M42|M42 Duster]].<br />
<br />
=== In-game description ===<br />
Combat experience in 1941-1942 showed that the troops needed a mobile anti-aircraft system capable of escorting mechanized columns and protecting against enemy aircraft. Development of the new vehicle began in 1942. The first prototype of the T65 self-propelled artillery piece was created using the M5A1 light tank chassis, though it was replaced during trials with the M24 light tank's more modern version.<br />
<br />
The hull's nose section was home to the transmission and the driver's compartment, in which the driver (left) and commander (right) were located. The roof of the driver's compartment had hatches and periscopes, while the engine was located in the center section. The battle compartment was in the rear section, on the roof of which was an open-air turret system mounted in the front with two electrically fired 40 mm Bofors automatic cannons. The turret was rotated using a manually operated electrohydraulic actuator. Ammunition included high-explosive and incendiary rounds, while the crew was armed with two 11.43 mm Thompson submachine guns and four 7.62 mm carbines.<br />
<br />
By September 1945 Cadillac and Masse-Harris had produced 285 (300 by other calculations) units, and by the end of 1945 they had begun to join tank divisions. They saw combat in the Korean War from 1950 to 1953. The primary goal of the M19 was to fight off land targets, something they were good at through the entire campaign, and they remained in the US army until 1956.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_m19 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} on live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|Vf4Ty9grnEg|'''M19 Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|4ZWGcJAhe78|'''How to destroy tanks with low penetrating shells?''' - ''HowToPlay1337''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis<br />
<br />
* [[M24 (Family)]]<br />
<br />
;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role<br />
<br />
* [[M42 Duster (Family)]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/devblog/current/694|[Development] Steel Generals: M19]]<br />
* [[wt:en/devblog/current/724|[Development] Developers about the M19]]<br />
* [[wikipedia:M19_Multiple_Gun_Motor_Carriage|[Wikipedia] M19 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage]]<br />
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=323 <nowiki>[Military Factory]</nowiki> M19 Gun Motor Carriage (M19 Twin 40mm)]<br />
<br />
{{USA anti-aircraft vehicles}}</div>U107834404https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=M19A1&diff=110376M19A12021-09-07T06:52:44Z<p>U107834404: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=us_m19<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft (SPAA) gun {{Battle-rating}}. It was one of the first vehicles to be released with the US ground forces in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]]. Armed with dual-mounted 40 mm Bofors guns, the {{PAGENAME}} provides a substantial firepower upgrade over the standard .50 cal machine guns and 37 mm autocannon used in its predecessors [[M16 MGMC]] and [[M15A1 CGMC]].<br />
<br />
As a SPAA, stay behind and close to your teammates and outside of your enemies' view and range while keeping a clear line of sight to the horizon for low-flying aircraft.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, turret)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 12.7 mm (59°) ''Upper glacis'' <br> 12.7 mm (45°) ''Lower glacis'' || 12.7 mm (11°) || 12.7 mm || 12.7 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 12.7 mm (cylindrical) ''Gun shield - lower part'' <br> 12.7 mm (spherical) ''Gun shield - upper part'' || 8 mm (cylindrical) <br> 8 + 12.7 mm (cylindrical) ''Turret base'' || 8 mm (cylindrical) <br> 8 + 12.7 mm (cylindrical) ''Turret base''<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels are 10 mm thick while tracks are 15 mm thick.<br />
<br />
The {{PAGENAME}} is so lightly armoured that it is very vulnerable to nearby ammorack detonations, bomb blasts and even heavy MG fire can reliably penetrate the vehicle from beyond 1,000 m.<br />
As the {{PAGENAME}} has an open-topped turret, gun servants are also very exposed to MG fire, artillery strikes and plane strafings.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 420|rbMinHp= 262}}<br />
<br />
As a light vehicle, the {{PAGENAME}} is agile. While it has a high top speed, the acceleration is quite slow: expect a cruise speed around 40 km/h instead. The reverse speed is very high, allowing you to pull out of dangerous situations quickly. The lack of neutral steering makes turning on the spot slow (3 km/h): make sure to build a little speed before turning and you'll turn faster (7 km/h). If you need to quickly turn your hull on the spot towards flanking enemies, privilege the reverse gear (-6 km/h).<br />
<br />
The offroad mobility is good: the {{PAGENAME}} reaches 17 km/h when fording, 19 km/h when driving uphill with some speed built-up and a mere 12 km/h uphill from a stop start. The wide tracks combined to the light weight of the vehicle grant the {{PAGENAME}} a good mobility on hard (solid ground, roads) and soft terrain (mud, snow, sand). Light obstacles (fences and bushes) are not a problem but medium to large obstacles (posts, trees, concrete blocks and parked vehicles) will reduce your mobility: avoid them.<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|Bofors (40 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="6" | [[Bofors (40 mm)|40 mm Bofors]] (x2) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 352 (8) || rowspan="2" | 120 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+85° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 35.2 || 48.8 || 59.2 || 65.5 || 69.7 || rowspan="2" | 0.65 || rowspan="2" | 0.58 || rowspan="2" | 0.53 || rowspan="2" | 0.50<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 23.8 || 28.0 || 34.0 || 37.6 || 40.0<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The 40 mm Bofors gun stays reliably accurate until 1,000 m distance. Beyond 1,500 m the loss of accuracy becomes a real handicap.<br />
The shortness of the gun is mitigated by the high rate of fire and the fact that targeted aircraft are bigger than an average ground vehicle. Your ideal engagement window is between 1,000 and 1,500 m for aircraft. The high muzzle velocity of your shells grants you pretty flat firing trajectories and thus helps fire at fast-moving targets from a distance. As your shells weigh the same, your different belts offer the same firing arc.<br />
<br />
The turret traverse speed is very high, allowing you to track any aircraft flying right by you. The gun elevation is also very good, almost allowing vertical fire. The depression angle is poor but not often used. The recoil is minimal and barely impacts your targeting. The reload time between clips is very short: under 1 second. While lacking a stabilizer, the M19 still can reliably fire on the move at targets under 700 m distance.<br />
<br />
The gun overheats after in 20 seconds of uninterrupted fire and is forced into a cooldown phase of 10 seconds during which you can't shoot.<br />
To keep the gun from overheating, privilege firing by bursts instead of continuous fire with small pauses between shots. The overheating is displayed in-game by 4 red quadrants around your sight gradually filling up as you gun temperature rises. Always keep it from reaching the 3rd quadrant.<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
<br />
* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}} - The belt composition means that 50% of the shells (HEFI-T*) are useless against tanks. However, this belt is reliable against open-topped or lightly armoured targets like SPAA vehicles as well as against planes.<br />
<br />
* '''Mk.II:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}} - This belt does little damage against armoured targets and should be used especially against aircraft or open-topped vehicles. The high-explosive filler is deadly to crew members.<br />
<br />
* '''M81A1:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}} - This belt offers decent damage against lightly armoured tanks, especially at close range. While the damage effects post-penetration can be quite poor, the rapid fire from the autocannon can remedy this problem by following up quickly with another penetrating shot. In close combat, these shells should be used against modules and crew member to make the most of each shell.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Default || AP-T/HEFI-T* || 72 || 69 || 58 || 47 || 38 || 30<br />
|-<br />
| Mk.II || HEFI-T* || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3<br />
|-<br />
| M81A1 || AP-T || 72 || 69 || 58 || 47 || 38 || 30<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Mk.II || HEFI-T* || 874 || 0.86 || 0 || 0.1 || 63 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| M81A1 || AP-T || 874 || 0.88 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
<!-- '''Last updated:''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! 7th<br>rack empty<br />
! 8th<br>rack empty<br />
! 9th<br>rack empty<br />
! 10th<br>rack empty<br />
! 11th<br>rack empty<br />
! 12th<br>rack empty<br />
! 13th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''44''' || 22&nbsp;''(+22)'' || 20&nbsp;''(+24)'' || 18&nbsp;''(+26)'' || 17&nbsp;''(+27)'' || 15&nbsp;''(+29)'' || 13&nbsp;''(+31)'' || 12&nbsp;''(+32)'' || 10&nbsp;''(+34)'' || 8&nbsp;''(+36)'' || 7&nbsp;''(+37)'' || 5&nbsp;''(+39)'' || 3&nbsp;''(+41)'' || 2&nbsp;''(+42)'' || Yes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
'''Notes''':<br />
<br />
* The visual discrepancy concerns racks and clips: racks are modeled to contain 5 clips while clips are modeled to contain 5 rounds.<br />
* The game however shoots 8 rounds per clip and racks disappear after varying amounts of rounds have been shot. Example: rack 2 to 13 are the same size (25 rounds) but some disappear after 2 clips were fired (16 rounds), some others disappear only after 1 clip (8 rounds) has been fired.<br />
* No rack is emptied before you have fired 21 clips out of 44.<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
With the Dual 40 mm Bofors the M19 has an excellent weapon against [[:Category:Bombers|bombers]] and [[:Category:Attackers|armoured attackers]]. The ammo is limited though, so reserve the fire for certain hits. Against fighters, the same tactic should be applied.<br />
<br />
Compared to certain other SPAAs ([[ZSU-37]], [[Wirbelwind]], [[M13 MGMC]], etc.), the M19 cannot be used as effectively in an anti-vehicle role, so stay behind your allies and watch the skies for enemy aircraft. If contact with ground targets is inevitable however, aiming for a targets' cannon barrel or tracks is a valid option. If flanking is available, take the opportunity and load some shells into their sides or rear. However be very careful, your crew members are exposed to machine gun fire and can easily be knocked out. This is a problem especially if it's coming from enemy aircraft, as they can also easily kill your crew. So take caution if using the M19 in an anti-vehicle role.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Heavy anti-air firepower<br />
* Unsynchronized cannons increase the chance of a hit<br />
* Powerful 40 mm HE shells, a direct hit can decimate/critically damage aircraft<br />
* AP shells have 72 mm of penetration at point blank, enough to go through the lower side plate of a [[Tiger I (Family)|Tiger I]]<br />
* AP shells maintain a reasonable amount of penetration at range<br />
* Stock belt is effective at dealing with light tanks and other SPAA, and it also breaks tracks and cannon barrels easily<br />
* Reloads in just 0.6 seconds<br />
* Inherits the excellent mobility of the [[M24]]<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Open topped. HE shells, artillery and aircraft can cripple this vehicle with ease<br />
* Little armor. Most vehicles from Rank II onwards can penetrate it frontally<br />
* Exposed ammo rack. Experienced players will just shoot there and ruin your day<br />
* Compared to other SPAA at the same rank, poor anti-vehicle performance. Will only be effective at anti air duties<br />
* 40 mm cannons still have a lower rate of fire compared to their counterparts<br />
* Some heavy tanks you will see are immune to your AP shells at any angle and range<br />
* AP shells are solid shots and don't cause a lot of spalling<br />
* Decreased mobility off-road<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
===Development===<br />
The development of this vehicle began from the T65 project. The T65 was classified as the ''40 mm Gun Motor Carriage T65'' and was based off the chassis of the [[M5A1|M5 Stuart]] as requested by US Army Armored Force for a light anti-aircraft vehicle. The T65 was a successful vehicle and went on for about 1,000 units produced, however, it stopped because the production line for the Stuart chassis was phased out as well. As a replacement, the Armored Force peered into the new light tank entering production, the [[M24|M24 Chaffee]], as the basis of their new light anti-aircraft vehicle. This project was called the ''T65E1'' and was being developed at the same time with the M24 (still in development as the T24). The layout for the T65E1 on the new chassis was similar to the one used with Stuart's chassis, with the gun turret at the rear and engine at the middle, and only a few changes were made like changing the original vertical gun shield into an angular one.<br />
<br />
The T65E1 was accepted in May 1944 and designated as the '''Twin Gun Motor Carriage M19'''. An order of 904 of these vehicles was sent to Cadillac, but production didn't start until August and the factory was only able to make 285 units before the war ended due to diversion in parts to creating full M24 Chaffees. An upgrade made during its production life was designated the '''M19A1''' and had an auxiliary engine and generator to operate the 40 mm cannons in case the main engine is disabled, plus an extra compartment to hold two spare barrels for the gun should they be damaged or overheated.<br />
<br />
===Combat usage===<br />
The M19 TGMCs that were produced were sent to Europe and used by the US Army. However, by the time the M19 was available for use, the German Luftwaffe had been decimated by the Allied air superiority, thus the M19 use as an anti-aircraft gun has been diminished greatly. The M19, like its many anti-aircraft vehicle designs made before it, found great service as an assault gun, where its 40 mm twin cannons can deliver much more firepower than its predecessors with either only .50 calibre machine guns ([[M16 MGMC|M16 MGMC]]), or a 37 mm autocannon ([[M15A1 CGMC|M15 CGMC]]). The M19 was never exported to America's allies in the Lend-Lease Act, and not even after the war with the Military Aid Program. Despite that, the M19 still saw use in America up to the Korean War for nearly the same purposes it was given for in World War II as a ground support weapon. It was used as a defensive turret against charging North Korean and Chinese forces when they try to overrun infantry positions, to which it served with devastating effect. Its effect against enemy aircraft is dubious during the war.<br />
<br />
When the M24 Chaffee and its chassis derivatives were finally phased out of service in 1956 for newer tanks in production, the M19 was no exception. However, the M19 40 mm turrets were removed from the chassis and was simply put onto the next light tank chassis that was to take over the role the M24 Chaffee was built for. This light tank was the [[M41A1|M41 Walker Bulldog]] and the M19 turret-mounted chassis was named the [[M42|M42 Duster]].<br />
<br />
=== In-game description ===<br />
Combat experience in 1941-1942 showed that the troops needed a mobile anti-aircraft system capable of escorting mechanized columns and protecting against enemy aircraft. Development of the new vehicle began in 1942. The first prototype of the T65 self-propelled artillery piece was created using the M5A1 light tank chassis, though it was replaced during trials with the M24 light tank's more modern version.<br />
<br />
The hull's nose section was home to the transmission and the driver's compartment, in which the driver (left) and commander (right) were located. The roof of the driver's compartment had hatches and periscopes, while the engine was located in the center section. The battle compartment was in the rear section, on the roof of which was an open-air turret system mounted in the front with two electrically fired 40 mm Bofors automatic cannons. The turret was rotated using a manually operated electrohydraulic actuator. Ammunition included high-explosive and incendiary rounds, while the crew was armed with two 11.43 mm Thompson submachine guns and four 7.62 mm carbines.<br />
<br />
By September 1945 Cadillac and Masse-Harris had produced 285 (300 by other calculations) units, and by the end of 1945 they had begun to join tank divisions. They saw combat in the Korean War from 1950 to 1953. The primary goal of the M19 was to fight off land targets, something they were good at through the entire campaign, and they remained in the US army until 1956.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_m19 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} on live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|Vf4Ty9grnEg|'''M19 Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|4ZWGcJAhe78|'''How to destroy tanks with low penetrating shells?''' - ''HowToPlay1337''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis<br />
<br />
* [[M24 (Family)]]<br />
<br />
;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role<br />
<br />
* [[M42 Duster (Family)]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/devblog/current/694|[Development] Steel Generals: M19]]<br />
* [[wt:en/devblog/current/724|[Development] Developers about the M19]]<br />
* [[wikipedia:M19_Multiple_Gun_Motor_Carriage|[Wikipedia] M19 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage]]<br />
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=323 <nowiki>[Military Factory]</nowiki> M19 Gun Motor Carriage (M19 Twin 40mm)]<br />
<br />
{{USA anti-aircraft vehicles}}</div>U107834404https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=M19A1&diff=110372M19A12021-09-07T06:40:54Z<p>U107834404: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=us_m19<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft (SPAA) gun {{Battle-rating}}. It was one of the first vehicles to be released with the US ground forces in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]]. Armed with dual-mounted 40 mm Bofors guns, the {{PAGENAME}} provides a substantial firepower upgrade over the standard .50 cal machine guns and 37 mm autocannon used in its predecessors [[M16 MGMC]] and [[M15A1 CGMC]].<br />
<br />
As a SPAA, stay behind and close to your teammates and outside of your enemies' view and range while keeping a clear line of sight to the horizon for low-flying aircraft.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, turret)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 12.7 mm (59°) ''Upper glacis'' <br> 12.7 mm (45°) ''Lower glacis'' || 12.7 mm (11°) || 12.7 mm || 12.7 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 12.7 mm (cylindrical) ''Gun shield - lower part'' <br> 12.7 mm (spherical) ''Gun shield - upper part'' || 8 mm (cylindrical) <br> 8 + 12.7 mm (cylindrical) ''Turret base'' || 8 mm (cylindrical) <br> 8 + 12.7 mm (cylindrical) ''Turret base''<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels are 10 mm thick while tracks are 15 mm thick.<br />
<br />
The {{PAGENAME}} is so lightly armoured that it is very vulnerable to nearby ammorack detonations, bomb blasts and even heavy MG fire can reliably penetrate the vehicle from beyond 1,000 m.<br />
As the {{PAGENAME}} has an open-topped turret, gun servants are also very exposed to MG fire, artillery strikes and plane strafings.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 420|rbMinHp= 262}}<br />
<br />
As a light vehicle, the {{PAGENAME}} is agile. While it has a high top speed, the acceleration is quite slow: expect a cruise speed around 40 km/h instead. The reverse speed is very high, allowing you to pull out of dangerous situations quickly. The lack of neutral steering makes turning on the spot slow (3 km/h): make sure to build a little speed before turning and you'll turn faster (7 km/h). If you need to quickly turn your hull on the spot towards flanking enemies, privilege the reverse gear (-6 km/h).<br />
<br />
The offroad mobility is good: the {{PAGENAME}} reaches 17 km/h when fording, 19 km/h when driving uphill with some speed built-up and a mere 12 km/h uphill from a stop start. The wide tracks combined to the light weight of the vehicle grant the {{PAGENAME}} a good mobility on hard (solid ground, roads) and soft terrain (mud, snow, sand). Light obstacles (fences and bushes) are not a problem but medium to large obstacles (posts, trees, concrete blocks and parked vehicles) will reduce your mobility: avoid them.<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|Bofors (40 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="6" | [[Bofors (40 mm)|40 mm Bofors]] (x2) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 352 (8) || rowspan="2" | 120 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+85° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 35.2 || 48.8 || 59.2 || 65.5 || 69.7 || rowspan="2" | 0.65 || rowspan="2" | 0.58 || rowspan="2" | 0.53 || rowspan="2" | 0.50<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 23.8 || 28.0 || 34.0 || 37.6 || 40.0<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The 40 mm Bofors gun stays reliably accurate until 1,000 m distance. Beyond 1,500 m the loss of accuracy becomes a real handicap.<br />
The shortness of the gun is mitigated by the high rate of fire and the fact that targeted aircraft are bigger than an average ground vehicle. Your ideal engagement window is between 1,000 and 1,500 m for aircraft. The high muzzle velocity of your shells grants you pretty flat firing trajectories and thus helps fire at fast-moving targets from a distance. As your shells weigh the same, your different belts offer the same firing arc.<br />
<br />
The turret traverse speed is very high, allowing you to track any aircraft flying right by you. The gun elevation is also very good, almost allowing vertical fire. The depression angle is poor but not often used. The recoil is minimal and barely impacts your targeting. The reload time between clips is very short: under 1 second. While lacking a stabilizer, the M19 still can reliably fire on the move at targets under 700 m distance.<br />
<br />
The gun overheats after in 20 seconds of uninterrupted fire and is forced into a cooldown phase of 10 seconds during which you can't shoot.<br />
To keep the gun from overheating, privilege firing by bursts instead of continuous fire with small pauses between shots. The overheating is displayed in-game by 4 red quadrants around your sight gradually filling up as you gun temperature rises. Always keep it from reaching the 3rd quadrant.<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
<br />
* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}} - The belt composition means that 50% of the shells (HEFI-T*) are useless against tanks. However, this belt is reliable against open-topped or lightly armoured targets like SPAA vehicles as well as against planes.<br />
<br />
* '''Mk.II:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}} - This belt does little damage against armoured targets and should be used especially against aircraft or open-topped vehicles. The high-explosive filler is deadly to crew members.<br />
<br />
* '''M81A1:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}} - This belt offers decent damage against lightly armoured tanks, especially at close range. While the damage effects post-penetration can be quite poor, the rapid fire from the autocannon can remedy this problem by following up quickly with another penetrating shot. In close combat, these shells should be used against modules and crew member to make the most of each shell.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Default || AP-T/HEFI-T* || 72 || 69 || 58 || 47 || 38 || 30<br />
|-<br />
| Mk.II || HEFI-T* || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3<br />
|-<br />
| M81A1 || AP-T || 72 || 69 || 58 || 47 || 38 || 30<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Mk.II || HEFI-T* || 874 || 0.86 || 0 || 0.1 || 63 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| M81A1 || AP-T || 874 || 0.88 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
<!-- '''Last updated:''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! 7th<br>rack empty<br />
! 8th<br>rack empty<br />
! 9th<br>rack empty<br />
! 10th<br>rack empty<br />
! 11th<br>rack empty<br />
! 12th<br>rack empty<br />
! 13th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''44''' || 22&nbsp;''(+22)'' || 20&nbsp;''(+24)'' || 18&nbsp;''(+26)'' || 17&nbsp;''(+27)'' || 15&nbsp;''(+29)'' || 13&nbsp;''(+31)'' || 12&nbsp;''(+32)'' || 10&nbsp;''(+34)'' || 8&nbsp;''(+36)'' || 7&nbsp;''(+37)'' || 5&nbsp;''(+39)'' || 3&nbsp;''(+41)'' || 2&nbsp;''(+42)'' || Yes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
'''Notes''':<br />
<br />
* The visual discrepancy concerns racks and clips: racks are modeled to contain 5 clips while clips are modeled to contain 5 rounds.<br />
* The game however shoots 8 rounds per clip and racks disappear after varying amounts of rounds have been shot. Example: rack 2 to 13 are the same size (25 rounds) but some disappear after 2 clips were fired (16 rounds), some others disappear only after 1 clip (8 rounds) has been fired.<br />
* No rack is emptied before you have fired 21 clips out of 44.<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
With the Dual 40 mm Bofors the M19 has an excellent weapon against [[:Category:Bombers|bombers]] and [[:Category:Attackers|armoured attackers]]. The ammo is limited though, so reserve the fire for certain hits. Against fighters, the same tactic should be applied.<br />
<br />
Compared to certain other SPAAs ([[ZSU-37]], [[Wirbelwind]], [[M13 MGMC]], etc.), the M19 cannot be used as effectively in an anti-vehicle role, so stay behind your allies and watch the skies for enemy aircraft. If contact with ground targets is inevitable however, aiming for a targets' cannon barrel or tracks is a valid option. If flanking is available, take the opportunity and load some shells into their sides or rear. However be very careful, your crew members are exposed to machine gun fire and can easily be knocked out. This is a problem especially if it's coming from enemy aircraft, as they can also easily kill your crew. So take caution if using the M19 in an anti-vehicle role.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Heavy anti-air firepower<br />
* Unsynchronized cannons increases the possibility of a hit<br />
* Powerful 40 mm HE shells, a direct hit can decimate/critically damage an aircraft<br />
* Stock belt is effective against light tanks and other SPAA at any angle (except for the [[Flakpanzer IV]]<nowiki/>s)<br />
* AP shells have 72 mm of penetration at point blank, enough to go through the lower side plate of a [[Tiger I (Family)|Tiger I]]<br />
* AP shells maintain a reasonable amount of penetration at range<br />
* Reloads in just 0.6 seconds<br />
* Inherits the excellent mobility of the [[M24]]<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Little armor. Artillery and strafing aircraft spell destruction for this vehicle<br />
* Exposed ammo racks. Experienced players will just shoot there and send you back to the hangar<br />
* 40 mm cannons still have a lower rate of fire compared to their counterparts from other nations<br />
* Compared to other SPAA at the same rank, poor anti-vehicle performance. Can only excel at anti air duties<br />
* All its ammunition are tracer rounds, stealth attacks on an aircraft is impossible<br />
* HE is unreliable, a hit to the wrong spot on an aircraft may cause no damage at all<br />
* AP shells are solid shots and don't cause a lot of spalling<br />
* Decreased mobility off-road<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
===Development===<br />
The development of this vehicle began from the T65 project. The T65 was classified as the ''40 mm Gun Motor Carriage T65'' and was based off the chassis of the [[M5A1|M5 Stuart]] as requested by US Army Armored Force for a light anti-aircraft vehicle. The T65 was a successful vehicle and went on for about 1,000 units produced, however, it stopped because the production line for the Stuart chassis was phased out as well. As a replacement, the Armored Force peered into the new light tank entering production, the [[M24|M24 Chaffee]], as the basis of their new light anti-aircraft vehicle. This project was called the ''T65E1'' and was being developed at the same time with the M24 (still in development as the T24). The layout for the T65E1 on the new chassis was similar to the one used with Stuart's chassis, with the gun turret at the rear and engine at the middle, and only a few changes were made like changing the original vertical gun shield into an angular one.<br />
<br />
The T65E1 was accepted in May 1944 and designated as the '''Twin Gun Motor Carriage M19'''. An order of 904 of these vehicles was sent to Cadillac, but production didn't start until August and the factory was only able to make 285 units before the war ended due to diversion in parts to creating full M24 Chaffees. An upgrade made during its production life was designated the '''M19A1''' and had an auxiliary engine and generator to operate the 40 mm cannons in case the main engine is disabled, plus an extra compartment to hold two spare barrels for the gun should they be damaged or overheated.<br />
<br />
===Combat usage===<br />
The M19 TGMCs that were produced were sent to Europe and used by the US Army. However, by the time the M19 was available for use, the German Luftwaffe had been decimated by the Allied air superiority, thus the M19 use as an anti-aircraft gun has been diminished greatly. The M19, like its many anti-aircraft vehicle designs made before it, found great service as an assault gun, where its 40 mm twin cannons can deliver much more firepower than its predecessors with either only .50 calibre machine guns ([[M16 MGMC|M16 MGMC]]), or a 37 mm autocannon ([[M15A1 CGMC|M15 CGMC]]). The M19 was never exported to America's allies in the Lend-Lease Act, and not even after the war with the Military Aid Program. Despite that, the M19 still saw use in America up to the Korean War for nearly the same purposes it was given for in World War II as a ground support weapon. It was used as a defensive turret against charging North Korean and Chinese forces when they try to overrun infantry positions, to which it served with devastating effect. Its effect against enemy aircraft is dubious during the war.<br />
<br />
When the M24 Chaffee and its chassis derivatives were finally phased out of service in 1956 for newer tanks in production, the M19 was no exception. However, the M19 40 mm turrets were removed from the chassis and was simply put onto the next light tank chassis that was to take over the role the M24 Chaffee was built for. This light tank was the [[M41A1|M41 Walker Bulldog]] and the M19 turret-mounted chassis was named the [[M42|M42 Duster]].<br />
<br />
=== In-game description ===<br />
Combat experience in 1941-1942 showed that the troops needed a mobile anti-aircraft system capable of escorting mechanized columns and protecting against enemy aircraft. Development of the new vehicle began in 1942. The first prototype of the T65 self-propelled artillery piece was created using the M5A1 light tank chassis, though it was replaced during trials with the M24 light tank's more modern version.<br />
<br />
The hull's nose section was home to the transmission and the driver's compartment, in which the driver (left) and commander (right) were located. The roof of the driver's compartment had hatches and periscopes, while the engine was located in the center section. The battle compartment was in the rear section, on the roof of which was an open-air turret system mounted in the front with two electrically fired 40 mm Bofors automatic cannons. The turret was rotated using a manually operated electrohydraulic actuator. Ammunition included high-explosive and incendiary rounds, while the crew was armed with two 11.43 mm Thompson submachine guns and four 7.62 mm carbines.<br />
<br />
By September 1945 Cadillac and Masse-Harris had produced 285 (300 by other calculations) units, and by the end of 1945 they had begun to join tank divisions. They saw combat in the Korean War from 1950 to 1953. The primary goal of the M19 was to fight off land targets, something they were good at through the entire campaign, and they remained in the US army until 1956.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_m19 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} on live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|Vf4Ty9grnEg|'''M19 Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|4ZWGcJAhe78|'''How to destroy tanks with low penetrating shells?''' - ''HowToPlay1337''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis<br />
<br />
* [[M24 (Family)]]<br />
<br />
;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role<br />
<br />
* [[M42 Duster (Family)]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/devblog/current/694|[Development] Steel Generals: M19]]<br />
* [[wt:en/devblog/current/724|[Development] Developers about the M19]]<br />
* [[wikipedia:M19_Multiple_Gun_Motor_Carriage|[Wikipedia] M19 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage]]<br />
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=323 <nowiki>[Military Factory]</nowiki> M19 Gun Motor Carriage (M19 Twin 40mm)]<br />
<br />
{{USA anti-aircraft vehicles}}</div>U107834404https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Churchill_I&diff=107391Churchill I2021-07-23T11:53:50Z<p>U107834404: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = British heavy tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| usage = other variants<br />
| link = Churchill (Family)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=uk_a_22_mk_1_churchill_1941<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (or just '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]] along with the [[Vickers MBT]] and [[Chieftain Mk 5]] as an expansion to the British tech tree. Like the original model of the Churchill infantry tank, it has the substantial frontal armour able to withstand enemy shells.<br />
<br />
The Churchill Mk I is one of the more capable heavy tanks at rank II. The tank has excellent frontal armour that can absorb and bounce shots. Tanks such as the [[Pz.III J1|Panzer III]], [[T-34 (1941)|T-34]], [[M4|M4 Sherman]], and even the dreaded [[Pz.IV F2|Panzer IV F2]] can be blocked if angled. Very few tanks can deal with the Churchill Mk I effectively from the front, such as the [[M10 GMC|M10]] or [[Achilles]]. Its 2-pounder gun, however, is sub-par in dealing damage for its battle rating. It is of small calibre and low penetration and damage. Use its very fast reload to make follow-up shots to finish off enemies. Its secondary howitzer is also nearly useless as it only has HE shells.<br />
<br />
The Churchill Mk I, despite being a heavy tank, is quite fast and can turn just as swiftly via neutral steering. However, a driver must be skilled to utilise this to the tank's advantage, as turning while in forward motion is slower than the neutral steer, which the enemy can take advantage of when flanking. The Churchill's engine is also easily damaged due to its large appearance.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret)<br />
* Cast homogeneous armour (Driver viewport, Machine gun area, Gun mantlet)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 89 mm ''Front plate'' <br> 89 + 89 mm ''Front plate (MG Port)'' <br> 38 mm (63°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 76.2 mm (19°) ''Lower glacis'' || 63.5 mm ''Overall side armour'' <br> 76.2 mm ''Side hatch'' <br> 38.1 mm ''Side edge'' || 50.8 mm <br> 25.4 mm (68°) ''Bottom'' || 15.87 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 89 mm ''Turret front'' <br> 89 mm (0-30°) ''Gun mantlet'' <br> 18 mm (76°) ''Roof area'' || 76.2 mm || 76.2 mm || 18 mm<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick while tracks are 30 mm thick.<br />
* Belly armour is 19 mm thick.<br />
* A 8 mm Structural steel plate separates the engine and crew compartment.<br />
* 50mm internal mantlet that can be either a weakspot or an extra layer of armor<br />
* The 8mm engine vents on the side of the tank lead directly to the engine and fuel tanks<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=452|rbMinHp=310}}<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|QF 2-pounder (40 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[QF 2-pounder (40 mm)|40 mm QF 2-pounder]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 150 || rowspan="2" | -15°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Vertical || 19.42 || 26.88 || 32.64 || 36.10 || 38.40 || rowspan="2" | 3.64 || rowspan="2" | 3.22 || rowspan="2" | 2.97 || rowspan="2" | 2.80<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 14.28 || 16.80 || 20.40 || 22.56 || 24.00<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.1 AP/T || AP || 72 || 68 || 52 || 37 || 27 || 19<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.IXB APCBC/T || APCBC || 89 || 86 || 77 || 66 || 57 || 50<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.1 APHV/T || AP || 80 || 75 || 58 || 41 || 30 || 21<br />
|-<br />
| Shell Mk.1 AP/T || APHE || 66 || 62 || 49 || 36 || 26 || 20<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.1 AP/T || AP || 792 || 1.08 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.IXB APCBC/T || APCBC || 792 || 1.24 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| Shot Mk.1 APHV/T || AP || 853 || 1.08 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
| Shell Mk.1 AP/T || APHE || 792 || 1.08 || 1.2 || 9 || 20.9 || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_Churchill_Mk_I.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! 7th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''150''' || 110&nbsp;''(+40)'' || 80&nbsp;''(+70)'' || 58&nbsp;''(+92)'' || 36&nbsp;''(+114)'' || 26&nbsp;''(+124)'' || 16&nbsp;''(+134)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+149)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Center & turret empty: 58&nbsp;''(+92)''<br />
<br />
==== Optics ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} [[Optics]]<br />
|-<br />
! Which ones<br />
! Default magnification<br />
! Maximum magnification<br />
|-<br />
! Main Gun optics<br />
| x1.85 || x3.5<br />
|-<br />
! Comparable optics<br />
| colspan="2" | [[T-34 (1940)]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Additional armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Some tanks are armed with several guns in one or more turrets. Evaluate the additional weaponry and give advice on its use. Describe the ammunition available for additional weaponry. Give advice on about how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage. If there is no additional weaponry remove this subsection.'' --><br />
{{main|OQF 3-inch Howitzer Mk I (76 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[OQF 3-inch Howitzer Mk I (76 mm)|76 mm OQF 3-inch Howitzer Mk I]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 58 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+9° || rowspan="2" | ±15° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 12.0 || 17.0 || 20.0 || 23.0 || 24.0 || rowspan="2" | 8.1 || rowspan="2" | 7.2 || rowspan="2" | 6.7 || rowspan="2" | 6.3<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 8.9 || 10.0 || 13.0 || 14.0 || 15.0<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| 3-inch Mark II || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| 3-inch Mark II || HE || 210 || 6.02 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 606 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics<br />
|-<br />
! Ammunition<br />
! Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! Screen radius<br>(m)<br />
! Screen deploy time<br>(s)<br />
! Screen hold time<br>(s)<br />
! Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
|-<br />
| 3-inch Smoke || 210 || 3.18 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 8<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_Churchill_Mk_I.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''58''' || 45&nbsp;''(+13)'' || 31&nbsp;''(+27)'' || 16&nbsp;''(+42)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+57)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Minimal load: 16&nbsp;''(+42)''<br />
<br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|BESA (7.92 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[BESA (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm BESA]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Coaxial || 4,950 (225) || 600 || N/A || N/A<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
This tank can use a play style similar to the Matilda or a weaker Churchill III. It's best played up close, to make use of the armour and also gun. Since the tank is rather boxy, it's very good at angling. Unlike the Churchill III, it's gun isn't capable of taking on most other tanks of its rank. Its main role in the battlefield is to soak up and take shots, with its thick armour, that can withstand most tanks of its rank. In RB mode you will most likely have the Americans on your team, with the M10s and Shermans providing support for you. Main enemies for this tank would be the M10, the Achilles, and most Panzer IVs and StuGs.<br />
<br />
The Churchill has heavy armour, especially when it is angled, but this certainly does not mean that it is invincible. In fact, there are a lot of guns around BR 3.0 that can destroy the Churchill, even at long range.<br />
<br />
'''<u>Germans:</u>'''<br />
<br />
* Almost every RB/SB battle the British will be facing them. By far the most lethal tanks are the Panzer IVs with the long barrel 75 mm. They can penetrate the Churchill Mk I frontally at long range. Later versions of the Panzer IV also have armour which the Churchill's 40 mm will really struggle to penetrate at long range, putting the Churchill at a big disadvantage. The same applies to any vehicle armed with the long barrel 75 mm gun, including the [[StuG III F]]/[[StuG III G|G]] and [[Marder III H]].<br />
* The [[8,8 cm Flak 37 Sfl.]] "Flak Truck" is a massive threat. The 88 mm gun will easily penetrate the Churchill, and the explosive mass will knock out all your crew. Your 40 mm is almost useless against the Flak Truck as it will have to take each crew member out individually. Luckily, the Churchill Mk I has access to the 75 mm howitzer, which provides well needed explosive firepower. Aim for the ammo box at the back to quickly dispatch the Flak Truck.<br />
* Watch out for tanks armed with HEAT (such as Panzer III/IVs with the short-barreled 75 mm), as it has up to 100 mm penetration. The [[StuG III G]] is also dangerous, with a powerful HE round and a high penetration HEAT round. Luckily, these tanks will have to close in to shorter ranges to effectively attack the Churchill Mk I, as their guns have poor ballistics. This means that Churchill's 40 mm gun will be more effective. Also, watch out for the [[Sd.Kfz.234/2]] or [[Sd.Kfz.234/4]]. These are vehicles based on the Puma armoured car. The /2 has a 50 mm and the /4 has a 75 mm gun. Both are excellent flanking vehicles, extremely fast and potent. They will easily outflank the slow Churchill, and destroy you from your less-armoured sides.<br />
<br />
'''<u>Russians:</u>'''<br />
<br />
* At long range, the [[ZiS-30]] proves to be a real threat. it has a high penetration gun and is great at ambushing. Luckily, it has light armour and can be destroyed easily even with machine guns.<br />
* Russian armour is a bigger threat. Tanks like the [[T-34 (Family)|T-34]] are highly resistant to the 2-pdr gun due to their steep sloping armour. The L-11 gun on the [[T-34 (1940)]] will struggle to penetrate the Churchill, but the F-34 gun found on post-1940 versions is much more effective. Below 500 m, the F-34 guns can destroy the Churchill with its potent BR-350B APHEBC rounds or APCR rounds (though they do less damage). An even bigger threat is the [[KV-1 (Family)|KV-1]] type tanks. A Churchill vs a [[KV-1 (L-11)]] can end in a stalemate situation, as both tanks will struggle to penetrate the other frontally. However, later KV-1 models have the ZiS 5 gun, which is pretty much identical to the F-34 gun found on the T-34. There is also the German premium KV-1B which has upgraded armour but a weaker gun, which is a dangerous opponent and quite common despite being a premium vehicle.<br />
* When fighting the T-34's aim for their turret weakspots. On the T-34 (1940) and [[T-34 (1941)|(1941)]], aim for the flat spot on their sloped turret cheeks, or shoot below at the shot trap. This will either disable their turret crew or destroy them. When fighting the KV-1 frontally, you cannot do much damage against it unless you manage to get a lucky shot through their turret cheeks. Otherwise, let your teamates distract it, or use smokes, and flank so that you can shoot its thinner 75 mm sides.<br />
<br />
'''<u>Japanese:</u>''' Be careful of the [[Ho-Ro]] with its massive howitzer, or the [[Chi-Nu]] with its powerful 75 mm gun. However, they don't have much armour and you will be able to destroy both relatively easily.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Excellent armour<br />
* Almost immune to small calibre guns<br />
* Well armoured sides and a strong mantlet<br />
* Extremely fast-firing 40 mm gun, you will pretty much always get another shot off before your enemy does<br />
* 40 mm gun is one of the few guns in the British tree that can fire APHE shells<br />
* Its size eliminates any recoil from the gun, making it easy to fire a second shot without losing any accuracy<br />
* Ability to pivot steer<br />
* Large suspension sides have side hits more likely to break tracks than penetrate the hull<br />
* Incredibly hard to dislodge or destroy when properly angled<br />
* Works well as the spearhead of an assault when capturing a point, absorbing damage<br />
* Good acceleration<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* 40mm gun is ineffective against anything with sloped armour<br />
* Shell Mk.1 AP/T with explosive mass has a low penetration of 66 mm<br />
* 76mm gun only has HE, making it virtually useless against all but lightly armoured SPAAs<br />
* Will lose a lot of speed when making a sharp turn in motion<br />
* Has difficulties engaging other heavy tanks<br />
* Up-gunned Panzer IVs ([[Pz.IV F2]], [[Pz.IV G]]) will penetrate your armour with ease<br />
* Poor mobility when compared to other heavy tanks from other nations<br />
* Terrible reverse speed<br />
* Slow, will take a lot of time just to reach the combat zone from spawn points<br />
* Frontal 50 mm weak spot (machine gun port)<br />
* Roof armour is somewhat thin<br />
* Priority target by planes due to size and bad reverse speed<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
===Development===<br />
The General Staff specification ''A20'' was implemented before World War II and was meant to replace the [[Matilda Mk II|Matilda II]] and [[Valentine Mk XI|Valentine]] infantry tanks. The specification was based around the British infantry tank doctrine and with the expectation that the coming war would be based off the World War I trench warfare, thus the tank was needed to travel across unfavorable terrain and able to destroy enemy defenses and infantry obstacles. As speed and heavy firepower was not taken with priority, the vehicle was to have two 2-pounder gun on side sponson mounts with a coaxial machine gun, with another machine gun and smoke dischargers on the front hull, armour was about 60 mm on the turret. Four prototypes were made by June 1940 by Harland and Wolff. The front hull would see an upgrade in armament with a 3-inch howitzer during the prototype stages, the 43 ton tank had a 300 hp Meadows engine from the Covenanter tank and was made the tank underpowered. The A20 project was cancelled with the Battle of France, which saw the emergency evacuation of the British Expeditionary Force from Dunkirk that left a majority of their heavy equipment behind.<br />
<br />
The Battle of France proved that the coming World War II was not going to be a stagnant battlefield like the trench warfare from World War I. The entire concept had to be redesigned and was done so by Henry Merrit, the director of Tank Design at Woolwich Arsenal. His new concept, the '''A22''' or '''Infantry Tank Mark IV Churchill''', was given to Vauxhall Motors in June 1940. War Office requested that the A22 be ready to enter production within the year due to growing pressure of a German invasion of Britain. The designs were ready in July 1940 and the first prototypes were made by December of the same year, production soon followed in June 1941. The rushed development was acknowledged in the company to being the cause of many faults and defects in the tank, but the demand by the government was so great that it must be carried out, with the expectation that the issues will be fixed during production. The Churchill tank suffered from an under-powered engine, weak armament, and mechanical issues. The weak armament from a 2-pounder was fixed with the arming of a 6-pounder on the Churchill, but the other issues caused poor performance of the Churchill in the battlefield. In fact, the Churchill production was almost cancelled in favor of the [[Cromwell V|Cromwell]] due to its issues, but its usage in the Second Battle of El Alamein proved its value and kept it in service.<br />
<br />
The Churchill would carry on the rest of the war as one of the most versatile tank design in British service, serving in many specialist roles other than its tank role. Altogether, a total of 7,568 Churchill units produced from 1941 to 1945, with 5,968 as tanks.<br />
<br />
===Variants===<br />
The Churchill, used in a multitude of roles, is made into many different variants. 12 different kinds of tank variants were produced for combat roles, with 11 more variants in specialized roles ranging from armoured personnel carrier, a bridge-layer, mine clearer, a [[3 inch Gun Carrier]], flamethrower tank, and an armoured recovery vehicle.<br />
<br />
===Combat usage===<br />
The Churchill tank was first used in the Dieppe Raid in August 1942. While it was really a test on how an opposed landing would work, the 60 Churchill tanks to support the Canadian units suffered from mechanical issues, and those that did work are not able to penetrate past the sea wall due to impassable defenses. None of the Churchill tanks that landed returned from the beaches and with a 70% casualty rate, the raid's attempt to establish a beachhead was a failure.<br />
<br />
The next use of the Churchill was in North Africa during the Second Battle of El Alamein. At this point, the Churchills have been upgraded to the '''Mk.III''' variants with 6-pounders as their main armament. The detachment, code named "King Force", help supported the 7th Motor Brigade in their attack. The Churchills were fired upon by many German anti-tank weapons, but none were taken out with only one receiving note worthy damage. "King Force", as a test bed for the feasibility of Churchills operating in the desert environment, was disbanded with the establishment of the 25th Army Tank Brigade with the Churchills to see action in February 1943 in Tunisia. In the German offensive Operation Ochsenkpf, two Churchill Mk.III from the 51st Royal Tank Regiment came across an entire German transport column that they ambushed. The end result was a loss of twelve artillery pieces, 25 wheeled vehicles, two [[Pz.III J|Panzer III]]s and 200 casualties on the German side with no losses for the British. The Churchill also played a key role in the Battle of Longstop Hill, where Churchill tanks in the 48th Royal Tank Regiment faced off with Germany's newest heavy tank [[Tiger H1|Tiger I]]. Though suffering losses, a lucky 6-pounder shot from the Churchill ended up jamming the Tiger's turret and turret ring that injured the crew, forcing them to abandon the tank. The Tiger tank was captured by the British for intelligence purpose on Germany's armoured forces. The Tiger Tank is named Tiger 131.<br />
<br />
After the North African campaign, the Churchill began to see widespread usage in the British army as a support unit for the infantry. The Churchill saw much more operation hours than any other British tank in service. It was at this point that the Churchill Mk.III began a conversion into the 75 mm guns that were used on the American [[M4|M4 Sherman]] tanks. These conversions, known as ''NA75'', proved to be more efficient than the Shermans and were used more effectively. Some Churchills were also converted into close support vehicles with 95 mm howitzers as their main armaments. In response to the growing German anti-tank firepower in the later years of World War II, the Churchill tanks were also upgraded in armour by a large degree, though their engines were also upgraded to compensate for the additional weight. The [[Churchill Mk VII|Churchill Mk.VII]], for example, has armour ranging up to 152 mm thick in the front, in comparison to the Mk.III 89 mm thick front hull. The Churchills also saw service in Europe during Operation Overlord. At the time, it was considered that the Churchill would become severely outdated with the growing tank technology, so an experimental program under specification A43, otherwise known as the [[Black Prince|Black Prince]], to uparmour and upgun the Churchill. While this experimented seem fruitful, the development of more agile tanks with the same level of protection and armament such as the [[Centurion Mk 3|Centurion]] rendered the project obsolete.<br />
<br />
The Churchills were also given out to the Allies to help combat the Axis forces. The Australian Army received a handful of Churchills for testing alongside the M4 Sherman with the Matilda II as the basis, to which proved that the Churchill was superior in jungle warfare. Of the 510 Churchills ordered by the Australians in the war, only 46 arrived in time and were not used in the Pacific War, the rest were cancelled with the end of World War II. The USSR also used the Churchills given by the British as part of the Lend-Lease act. 301 Churchills were sent, but 43 were lost to the sea by German naval forces. Of those that arrived, the Soviets gave the Churchills to the 5th Guards Tank Army in the Battle of Prokhorovka during the Kursk Offensive.<br />
<br />
After World War II, the Churchill stuck around in the British Army until the Korean War, where the British sent the Churchill Crocodile Squadron (C squadron of the 7th Royal Tank Regiment) to Korea to fight with the Allied coalition. They fought as gun tanks in battle such as the Third Battle of Seoul. The Churchills were instrumental in some victories and were widely praised by both British and American forces and historians. After the Korean war, the Churchills remains in combat service until 1952, with the specialized bridge-layer variant stayin until the 1970s. The Irish Army also received three Churchill tanks in 1948 and another in 1949 as rentals until 1954, where they were purchased after trials with the vehicles. Despite running out of spare parts for the Churchill, the Irish Army took them in and experimented with using different engines to keep them functional, though this ended with a failure and by 1967, only one was still functional. All were retired in 1969 and one was preserved at the Curragh Camp.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=britain&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=heavy_tank&vehicle=uk_a_22_mk_1_churchill_1941 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|gR3JPNt0iPw|'''Heavyweight brits''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 3:32 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/news/4793-vehicle-profile-a22-churchill-mk-i-first-of-its-breed-en|[Vehicle Profile] A22 Churchill Mk I - "First of Its Breed"]]<br />
<br />
{{Britain heavy tanks}}</div>U107834404https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Sturer_Emil&diff=106647Sturer Emil2021-07-10T14:59:16Z<p>U107834404: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=germ_pzsflk40_sturer_emil<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (officially ''12,8 cm Selbstfahrlafette auf VK30.01(H)'' (12.8 cm Self-Propelled on VK 30.01 (Henschel))) is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.59 "Flaming Arrows"]].<br />
<br />
The Sturer Emil is quite similar to the [[Dicker Max]]; no armour, excellent gun, great gun depression. Due to its limited horizontal gun traverse, it can be a little trickier to use in urban maps, but it can still be used to guard positions as long as cover is available. Being unarmoured, always avoid being shot at.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
The Sturer Emil is typical of the German open-topped tank destroyers: fragile and particularly vulnerable to air attack. With a maximum of 50 mm of armour, the best protection is to not get shot at in the first place. On the plus side, the Sturer Emil cannot be hull-broken.<br />
<br />
The sides of the superstructure are covered by ammunition and any clean hit on the Sturer Emil is likely to detonate the ammunition. The loader also stands in a particularly exposed position at the back of the tank destroyer, where he is very vulnerable to stray bullets or shrapnel. The rest of the crew is fairly spread out, which means that it is not easy to get a crew knock-out with one shot.<br />
<br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 12 mm (83-88°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 50 mm (10°) ''Driver/Co-driver ports'' <br> 50 mm (12°) ''Lower glacis'' || 20 mm || 10 mm (47°) || 12 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Superstructure || 50 mm (16-17°) ''Front'' <br> 50 mm (9-52°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 30 mm (11°) || 20 mm (0-12°) || 0-10 mm<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick while tracks are 20 mm thick.<br />
* Belly armour is 10 mm thick.<br />
* Superstructure roof armour barely covers the crew<br />
* Tracks at the lower glacis and superstructure front provides +15 mm armour.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
Based on the VK 30.01 (H) heavy tank chassis, the Sturer Emil has very lacklustre mobility thanks to the weak engine. It is not very well suited to mobile, fast moving battles, and cannot relocate easily.<br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=440|rbMinHp=274}}<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|K.40 (128 mm)}}<br />
<br />
The 128 mm K.40 is easily the most powerful gun carried by any vehicle within the Sturer Emil's BR range, and it is a very deadly threat; it is capable of frontally penetrating any vehicle the Sturer Emil faces. On top of that, the APC shells have a massive amount of explosive filler, all but guaranteeing a one-shot kill upon penetration. It should be noted, however, that the APC shells have a 19 mm fuse threshold, and are likely to penetrate lightly armoured vehicles without exploding.<br />
<br />
Conversely, the large size and weight of the 128 mm shells result in a long reload time. If the loader is knocked out, the reload time is massively increased, crippling the tank destroyer. The vehicle is also not very spacious, resulting in an ammunition capacity of only 15 rounds. The gun also has a limited amount of elevation and traverse, which can make it rather difficult to bring the gun to bear in some situations. This, combined with the lack of any machine guns, also renders the Sturer Emil virtually helpless against aircraft.<br />
<br />
The Sturer Emil platform also provides the gun with an excellent gun depression angles, allowing the Sturer Emil to go hull-down on relatively steep slopes while exposing very little of the vehicle. The gun is mounted near the top of the superstructure as well, which allows the Sturer Emil to use its gun while exposing very little of the vehicle.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[K.40 (128 mm)|128 mm K.40]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 15 || rowspan="2" | -15°/+10° || rowspan="2" | -5°/+6° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 10.5 || 14.6 || 17.8 || 19.6 || 20.8 || rowspan="2" | 23.6 || rowspan="2" | 20.9 || rowspan="2" | 19.3 || rowspan="2" | 18.2<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 7.1 || 8.4 || 10.2 || 11.3 || 12.0<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| PzGr || APC || 233 || 230 || 219 || 205 || 193 || 181<br />
|-<br />
| Sprgr. L/5 || HE || 37 || 37 || 37 || 37 || 37 || 37<br />
|-<br />
| PzGr 43 || APCBC || 248 || 245 || 234 || 220 || 207 || 195<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| PzGr || APC || 880 || 26.35 || 1.2 || 19 || 786.5 || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| Sprgr. L/5 || HE || 880 || 28.0 || 0.1 || 0.5 || 3,700 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
| PzGr 43 || APCBC || 880 || 28.3 || 1.2 || 19 || 786.5 || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! Ammo<br>Part<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''15''' || style="text-align:right" | ''Projectiles''<br />''Propellants'' || 8&nbsp;''(+7)''<br>8&nbsp;''(+7)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+14)''<br>1&nbsp;''(+14)'' || Yes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes''':<br />
<br />
* The {{PAGENAME}} uses two-piece ammunition, composed of propellant bags (orange) and projectiles (yellow). Both have separate racks.<br />
* Arrows indicate the depletion order of each rack.<br />
* The visual discrepancy concerns propellant bags and projectiles: 12 propellant bags are modeled for 15 available bags while 14 projectiles are modeled for 15 available.<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
There are two ways one can use the Sturer Emil in combat:<br />
<br />
'''Direct Engagement'''<br />
<br />
In other words, how one would typically use a tank destroyer of this type - find a good vantage point, and use your gun's impressive long range penetration to destroy even heavy tanks. When doing so, keep in mind to make as much use of your tank's depression as possible, and backing away from the open when reloading, as that is when most tanks will attempt to take you out.<br />
<br />
Don't even think of trying to use the Sturer Emil in an "offensive" capability, the vehicle does not have the mobility nor armour to do so. Use it in an ambush-style method and conceal the vehicle before pouncing on the enemy. A spotted Sturer Emil is vulnerable to flanking manoeuvres, artillery, and air strikes.<br />
<br />
'''Indirect Fire'''<br />
[[File:Sturer Emil Indirect Firing Method.gif|x480px|thumb|right|Step-by-step procedure to "Indirect fire", note how the Sturer Emil conceals itself past the hill slope while able to use the cannon to lob shells over to the enemies downrange. (''View image if .gif is not playing'')]]<br />
<br />
One of the greatest capabilities of large calibre guns on vehicles like the Sturer Emils is that they allow you to take advantage of their high angle of projectile drop. This method works great beyond 1,000 metres, but varies depending on the type of terrain and hull-down positions are available on the map.<br />
<br />
When on long range maps like [[Sands of Sinai]] or [[Maginot Line]], drive to places where you are on the back slope of a hill relative to potential targets. From there, <u>do not poke out</u> and stay behind the hill slope to use it as cover and concealment against the enemy downrange. This way, the enemy has no way of spotting/engaging the Sturer Emil from their angle, but the Sturer Emil can still certainly see and hit the enemies. To do this, use the binoculars to look over the hill for long range targets. Adjust for the range to the target from behind the hill so when you fire, the round will essentially be fired over your cover (due to the necessary adjustment to your gun's elevation to hit targets at distance), with the rate of projectile drop creating a parabola trajectory for the round to come back down from over the hilltop into the target below, allowing you to essentially hit targets who cannot even see your position.<br />
<br />
Another benefit of this method is being able to maintain position during reloading (as opposed to receding to cover as stated in the "direct engagement" section) meaning that while you wait for reload, you can correct your aim for range and target heading, allowing you to home into where you need to aim to make accurate hits.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Outstanding gun depression, same as the [[Dicker Max]]<br />
* Extremely powerful gun with very lethal APHE shells<br />
* It is almost impossible to one shot this tank from the front, due to the 5 crew members being well spread out.<br />
* AP shells with HE filler will have little trouble doing damage<br />
* Cannot be hull-broken<br />
* Good gun placement high in the superstructure<br />
* Massive gun breech that can shield some of the crew against enemy shells<br />
* Side armour is 30 mm thick, unusually thick for an open topped vehicle - can shrug off large calibre machine guns and even some autocannons<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Poor mobility. Can get flanked easily by other tanks<br />
* Long reload time and limited ammunition capacity<br />
* Exposed loader<br />
* Very vulnerable to airstrikes due to open top<br />
* Limited gun traverse and elevation angles<br />
* Poor armour<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
The '''Selbstfahrlafette auf VK30.01(H)''', or better known as the '''Sturer Emil''' (''Stubborn Emil''), was a heavy self-propelled anti-tank gun developed by Nazi Germany sometime in 1941 and 1942. The Sturer Emil mounted the extremely large 12.8 cm gun on a extended chassis from the cancelled Henschel VK 30.01 armoured vehicle. The gun was laid on the back with the engine in the middle and the driver up front.<br />
<br />
Not too much is known about the vehicle, only two were ever made in 1942, but they were involved in the Battle of Stalingrad. One was destroyed, but the other was captured during that battle in January 1943. When it was discovered, painting on the barrel indicates a score of 31 tank kills before its demise. The sole remaining Sturer Emil remains at the Kubinka Tank Museum in Russia.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=germany&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=tank_destroyer&vehicle=germ_pzsflk40_sturer_emil Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|zesNf8kYsKg|'''The Shooting Range #229''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 03:29 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|4_cJ1CpEatw|'''Best gun depression''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 1:33 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|GsCIbQ6TKIQ|'''German ground forces Rank III- review and analysis''' talks about the Sturer Emil at 4:30 - ''Oxy''|WBb2WJkfucI|'''Sturer Emil Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[Dicker Max]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/news/3752-development-sturer-emil-en|[Devblog] Sturer Emil]]<br />
* [[wikipedia:Sturer_Emil|[Wikipedia] Sturer Emil]]<br />
<br />
{{Germany tank destroyers}}</div>U107834404https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Tiger_E&diff=106528Tiger E2021-07-07T12:38:41Z<p>U107834404: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{About<br />
| about = German heavy tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />
| usage = other versions<br />
| link = Tiger I (Family)<br />
}}<br />
{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=germ_pzkpfw_VI_ausf_e_tiger<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (or '''Tiger E''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.47 "Big Guns"]]. The Tiger E is the late production model of the Tiger I featuring steel road wheels and ''Zimmerit'' paste on the armour. The Tiger E also introduces the more powerful APCR ammunition for the 88 mm KwK 36 gun.<br />
<br />
The Tiger E is an improved variant of the previous [[Tiger H1|Tiger H1]], featuring a few small enhancements to its protection, firepower and mobility.<br />
<br />
While the hull armour is largely unchanged, turret armour has been improved a bit - the large, flat commander's cupola has been replaced by a much smaller, angled variant. The turret roof armour has been increased to 40 mm (historically as a reaction to increasing numbers of Allied attack planes) and the gun mantlet is slightly more durable with a 140 mm thick armour plate on the area that used to be the weakest part. Spare tracks now cover the entire lower front glacis.<br />
<br />
Firepower-wise, the Tiger E gains the access to the new '''PzGr 40 APCR''' ammunition, with penetration of up to 200 mm at average combat ranges. Lastly, in mobility-specifications, the Tiger E is powered by a slightly more powerful engine (700 HP, H1 has 650 HP).<br />
<br />
It is easily differentiated from the Tiger H1 by its Zimmerit anti-mine coating.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
[[File:TigerIHTank Armour Angling.png|right|thumbnail|The ideal angling of hull armour on Tiger I for maximum effective armour all-around|300px]]<br />
The armour of the Tiger E is decent at its rank for a heavy tank however if it is angled like the picture below ups its armour from the lacklustre 100 mm of flat homogeneous armour to an extreme 200-400 mm thick. The turret suffers from the same problem of flat armour but this is impossible to angle while still engaging an enemy tank. The side and rear armour are also pretty strong in comparison to the rest of the tanks in this rank however the armour will not protect you from most shells due to it being flat.<br />
<br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
*Rolled homogeneous armour<br />
*Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Cupola)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear (Slope angle) !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 102 mm (9°) ''Front plate'' <br> 62 mm (80°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 102 + 30 mm (25°) ''Lower glacis''|| 82 mm ''Top'' <br /> 62 mm ''Bottom''|| 82 mm (9°)|| 26 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 100 mm ''Turret front'' <br> 90 - 200 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 82 mm || 82 mm || 40 mm<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Cupola || 80 mm || 40 mm<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
*Commander's cupola is smaller and nicely rounded for better protection compared to [[Tiger H1|Tiger H1]].<br />
*Almost entire frontal lower plate is covered by attached tracks, adding 30 mm of armour.<br />
*Turret front covered by gun mantlet has variable thickness depending on exact place, ranging from 90 to 200 mm of armour.<br />
*Lower side hull armour is only 62 mm thick, exploitable when flanking the Tiger, or when facing them angled.<br />
*Parts of the turret side armour are covered by attached tracks, adding additional 30 mm of armour.<br />
*On paper, the best angle is roughly 38.8° with armour all-round being from the front 130mm.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=904|rbMinHp=619}}<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
For Tier I modifications obtained the vital ''Parts'' and ''Horizontal Drive'' modifications as the former will give the Tiger the ability to repair and the latter will provide a much-needed boost to the Tiger's slow turret traverse rate.<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|KwK36 (88 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[KwK36 (88 mm)|88 mm KwK36]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 92 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+16° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 11.3 || 15.7 || 19.0 || 21.1 || 22.4 || rowspan="2" | 9.62 || rowspan="2" | 8.51 || rowspan="2" | 7.84 || rowspan="2" | 7.40<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 8.3 || 9.8 || 11.9 || 13.2 || 14.0<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
<br />
* '''PzGr 39''': You should stick with this type of shell as it's the best. It will do incredible damage to any tank you encounter, except SPAA, AA guns, or AI artillery. You may struggle with some heavier tanks like the IS-1, IS-2, or American heavy tanks at long ranges, but well-placed shots from close range or sides will do the job; all other medium and light tanks will be history as soon as this shell make a contact with them. This shell, however, will almost always over-penetrate all but the most armoured SPAA vehicles, so it is best to use HE or machine gun fire.<br />
* '''PzGr 40''': As the APCR round for the gun, this will give you the greater edge needed to take out heavily protected tanks at the cost of post-penetration damage.<br />
* '''PzGr.''': This shell is also very useful. It has very similar characteristics as PzGr 39, but sacrifices some penetration for about 50% more Explosive Filler, meaning even more damage than already powerful PzGr 39. It is recommended to carry some of these shells and use them regularly, as the penetration is still enough to deal with most targets (at least when being top rank), and switch to PzGr 39 when shooting targets far away, or those that are heavily armoured.<br />
* '''Hl.Gr. 39''': On paper the HEAT rounds don't bring anything new to the table, however they can be used as a substitute for the HE shells due to the greater explosive mass and still gives you a fighting chance if you get caught with your pants down.<br />
* '''Sprgr. L/4.5''': The HE shell is completely ineffective against all but SPAA or the AI artillery on the Kursk and Ash River maps, and the machine gun mounted on the Tiger has proven quite capable of dealing with these. Keep a small supply of this shell on hand if you plan to flank the enemy and take out their SPAA or artillery, but avoid them for everything else.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| PzGr 39 || APCBC || 165 || 162 || 151 || 139 || 127 || 117<br />
|-<br />
| PzGr 40 || APCR || 211 || 207 || 191 || 172 || 155 || 140<br />
|-<br />
| Pzgr. || APCBC || 153 || 151 || 140 || 128 || 116 || 106<br />
|-<br />
| Hl.Gr 39 || HEAT || 110 || 110 || 110 || 110 || 110 || 110<br />
|-<br />
| Sprgr. L/4.5 || HE || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| PzGr 39 || APCBC || 773 || 10.2 || 1.2 || 14 || 108.8 || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| PzGr 40 || APCR || 930 || 7.3 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 66° || 70° || 72°<br />
|-<br />
| Pzgr. || APCBC || 810 || 9.5 || 1.2 || 14 || 285.6 || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| Hl.Gr 39 || HEAT || 600 || 7.64 || 0 || 0.3 || 1,100 || 62° || 69° || 73°<br />
|-<br />
| Sprgr. L/4.5 || HE || 820 || 9 || 0 || 0.1 || 698 || 79° || 80° || 81°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
<!-- '''Last updated:''' --><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! 6th<br>rack empty<br />
! 7th<br>rack empty<br />
! 8th<br>rack empty<br />
! 9th<br>rack empty<br />
! 10th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''92''' || 77&nbsp;''(+15)'' || 61&nbsp;''(+31)'' || 45&nbsp;''(+47)'' || 29&nbsp;''(+63)'' || 25&nbsp;''(+67)'' || 21&nbsp;''(+71)'' || 17&nbsp;''(+75)'' || 13&nbsp;''(+79)'' || 7&nbsp;''(+85)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+91)'' || No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
<br />
Large sides empty: 29&nbsp;''(+63)''<br />
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=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|MG34 (7.92 mm)}}<br />
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[MG34 (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG34]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal<br />
|-<br />
| Coaxial || 2,350 (150) || 900 || N/A || N/A<br />
|-<br />
| Pintle || 2,000 (150) || 900 || -10°/+25° || -55°/+160°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
The main role of the ''Tiger'' tank was to eliminate enemy tanks at a far range, similar to behaving like a sniping tank, or a Tank Destroyer. Nonetheless, the Tiger can excel at brawling with other tanks at medium, even possibly against two [[Panther D|Panther]] tanks to close range and escape undamaged. It's recommended to not stay in one place for too long or risk getting outflanked, spotted, or bombed.<br />
<br />
While guns like the Soviet [[D-5T (85 mm)|85 mm]] cannon can easily penetrate the Tiger at close range, the Tiger can stay nearly invulnerable at long range. The 88 can take out any tank on Rank 3 at any combat range but may have problems with the [[IS-1]]'s 120 mm front armour at some ranges. When having to close in a bit it is generally advisable to angle the hull to the sides by about 30°, improving the armour rating enough that it can keep away 85 mm shells very well, even at closer ranges. The Tiger is still vulnerable to the [[SU-152|SU-152s]] howitzer and its HE shell at any range. So whenever encountering these heavy-calibre vehicles, it should be prioritized and eliminated first.<br />
<br />
'''Mobility'''-wise the Tiger is pretty good for a heavy tank. It is much faster than a [[KV-1 (ZiS-5)|KV-1]] and about as equally fast as the [[IS-1]], although medium tanks like the [[T-34-85]] can easily outmanoeuvre all three at close range. Try to use the Tiger's mobility to keep a distance rather than for closing in on a target. Don't be afraid to use the speed to fall back if necessary as the Tiger cannot survive close range engagements on open terrain vs. mediums, due to the slow turret and the vulnerability to the 85mm guns on Soviet medium tanks.<br />
<br />
The Tiger E has a better turret traverse than the H1, but the same precaution of managing a lower than average turret traverse should be taken into consideration. It is still recommended to get the ''Turret Drive'' traverse modification as fast as possible. Even then, the Tiger will have to turn the tank in the direction of the traverse to make the most of the time to quickly engage a target. This, together with very exposed ammo racks on both sides (though one side can be emptied by reducing the ammo stowage) means that facing multiple enemies at once is almost a certain end to the Tiger tank. The best option is to take cover from one tank and fire on the other.<br />
<br />
As far as ammo is concerned, the default ''PzGr 39'' will be the standard AP rounds many players will use. The second AP round available, the ''Pzgr.'', is also a good round to use against the enemy as the shell contains more explosive filler than the default, but suffers from a lower penetration value compared to the ''PzGr 39''. The HEAT rounds only offer more penetration at extreme ranges (>2000m) and do less damage upon penetration, so it should just be omitted from the Tiger's combat load. The best upgrade for the Tiger I E would be the ''PzGr 40'' APCR ammunition now available to the tank, necessary ammunition to fight the heavier vehicles in the Rank IV area, so always bring a few just in case. Upgrading the tank should mainly be dedicated to turret traverse, hull traverse (as this is needed even with the turret traverse upgrade) and engine upgrades. The Tiger's 88 has massive destructive power. Unlike the other German tank of its rank, all armed with 75 mm guns, the Tiger can easily one-shot all the mediums like the T-34s, M4 Shermans, and still be a threat against heavy tanks like the IS-1s. If it doesn't destroy a tank in one hit, most of the enemy crew will be wounded or incapacitated. The best place to aim with the 88 is either at the gunner's side of the enemy turret to incapacitate an enemy's firepower, or between the driver and the gunner which would usually wound or knock out most of the enemy crew at once. Attacking from the side also presents a good shot opportunity, as the best shot placement is right below the turret on the hull where most of the tank ammunition is stored, giving a big chance for an ammo-rack explosion.<br />
<br />
When driving the Tiger, plan ahead on where it will drive. Even with engine and track modifications, the Tiger is still a heavy tank and a 90 degree or more turn will almost always mean an immediate standstill as the tank try to make the change in movement. Even small adjustments can knock the speed down a bit. Thus, knowing the terrain and destination is of the utmost importance to preserve its mobility to its fullest extent.<br />
<br />
The Tiger is best used on the flanks of the current maps, as these are usually more open and allow good use of its armour and excellent gun. The centre of the map would seem more logical as there are a lot of enemies, but as has already been established a Tiger taking fire from multiple directions won't last long. Going in a flank and taking down light and medium tanks is an easy task for this beast, and thus a flank can be easily secured if the Tiger is driven carefully. Then, work the Tiger into the enemy sides and rear of the main force in the centre, doing much more damage than if the Tiger faced the force head-on because a shot to the side and rear will set most enemies alight if not outright exploding the ammunition. Quickly destroying enemies, the Tiger can quickly jump from target to target and eliminate a good number of enemies in its lifespan. During all this, make sure to always angle the hull armour to maximize longevity.<br />
<br />
With a BR of 5.7, the Tiger E faces most of the enemies the Tiger H1 could face, meaning a BR matchmaking range of 4.7-6.7. Many of the enemies in this range could effectively engage the Tiger, like the [[Panther (Disambiguation)|Panther medium tanks]], the [[T-34-85]], and even as high as the [[Tiger II (H)|Tiger IIs]].<br />
<br />
* [[M26|M26 Pershing]]: The American medium tank has a 90 mm cannon comparable to the 88 mm plus with sloped 100 mm armour compared to the Tiger's vertical one. However, a clean shot on the centre of the front armour when it is not angled can have the 88 mm shell penetrate straight through. The turret front is also a weak point.<br />
* [[T26E1-1|T26E1-1 "Super Pershing"]]: The "Super Pershing" has a 90 mm gun comparable to the 88 mm on the Tiger II, so extra caution must be exercised when on the business end of the gun. The added armour on the Super Pershing compared to the regular Pershing also improves its frontal resistance to shells. However, there is a big weak point on the right side on the front hull, with a large hull cut in the additional armour for the machine gun. A round through here would negate the extra armour and have the 88 mm only deal with the base armour.<br />
* [[T29|T29]]: The T29 is on the same level as the Tiger II and as such outclasses the Tiger I by a large margin. If faced in the front, the only weak points present would be the commander's cupola, the gun optic on the right side of the gun mantlet, and the lower glacis armour. Facing this tank would require the use of the APCR or fancy manoeuvring to its side to plant a 88 mm onto its sides.<br />
* Panther [[Panther D|D]], [[Panther A|A]], [[Panther G|G]], [[Panther F|F]]: At standard ranges, the weakest point on the Panther's front is the turret. Aim at the flat areas of the turret such as the bottom sides or straight into the curved gun mantlet. The Panther F presents a smaller turret target with its design, but the larger flat area still makes it a viable target for an 88 mm.<br />
* Tiger II [[Tiger II (P)|(P)]]/[[Tiger II (H)|(H)]]: A menace to the Tiger I, the Tiger II outclasses its predecessor in armour and firepower. The biggest frontal weak point, the turret front, is invulnerable to standard AP rounds from the Tiger I. Thus, an APCR is a must to have a reasonable chance of penetrating the Tiger II from the front. However, if the Tiger I can get a good shot at its side armour, a standard PzGr 39 APCBC round can take it out with ease.<br />
* [[T-34-85]]: The T-34-85 with it's 85 mm gun can take out a Tiger very easily if it gets a jump on its flat hull armour. However, an 88 mm shell onto the T-34-85 hull can take it out with ease.<br />
* [[IS-1]]: The IS-1's front hull and turret armour can be penetrated by the 88 mm, but beware of the 85 mm cannon<br />
* [[IS-2]] ([[IS-2 (1944)|1944]]): The IS-2's 122 mm cannon can ''very'' easily deal with the Tiger I with one shot. In the original IS-2 version, the front armour is still the same on the turret and hull so the same advice from the IS-1 applies. However, the 1944 version introduces a new front hull design that makes it impervious. In the 1944 version, aim for the lower glacis armour or the turret cheeks for a penetration.<br />
* [[Centurion Mk 1]]/[[Centurion Mk 3|Mk.3]]: With the heavily sloped frontal armour, strong turret and access to APDS, the Centurion can easily take out a Tiger I at long range. If the enemy could target an ammo rack is, they will easily take out the Tiger in one shot.<br />
* [[FV4202]]: This tank is a huge threat to the Tiger. Its turret has very thick armour and the frontal armour is well sloped. Then there is the gun, the 84 mm 20-pdr gun can penetrate the Tiger I anywhere, particularly with APDS.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* The gun mantlet, MG port and driver's port are particularly hard to penetrate due to their complex, varying shape and thickness. Can absorb quite some shells sometimes. The copula also has a better shape which makes it not so vulnerable<br />
* Decent cannon with adequate accuracy and a range of shells to choose. Stock shell has great penetration and damage, and can one-shot common opponents easily (eg. T-34-85, M4, IS-1, M6A1). Has access to a piercing APCR with 200+mm penetration, which is effective against thick, flat armour found on the Churchill mk.VII or [[Ho-Ri Production|Ho-Ri]] (mixed battle)<br />
* One of the fastest heavy tanks with its top speed of 45 km/h, meaning it can get to some positions quickly alongside friendly medium tanks.<br />
* The box-like hull shape gives the ability to angling tactic. When angling the hull at around 40° and placing yourself far from the enemies (at least 500m away) the Tiger E can resist common tanks like the 76mm Sherman, T-34-85 and [[M36 Jackson (Family)|M36]].<br />
* Good reverse speed and hull traverse allows it to quickly angle for deflecting shells.<br />
* -8° gun depression works well in most hilly terrain<br />
* Unlike the Tiger H1, the Tiger E does not have those useless S-Mine dischargers which limit gun depression.<br />
* Smoke shells allow it to escape from danger or to cover allies.<br />
* Has access to a pintle mounted MG which can fend off low-flying aircraft or knock out the exposed crew of some vehicles (eg. GAZ trucks, [[M18 GMC|M18]]'s commander)<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Weak and unsloped armour protection. If not angling the Tiger E can get destroyed easily by the T-34-85 or 76mm Sherman. Even if the Tiger is angling, the [[IS-2 (Family)|IS-2]] c<nowiki/>an still one-shot it with ease. Watch out for the IS-2!<br />
* Might struggle to penetrate heavy targets frontally. For example the [[T29]], [[M26 (Family)|M26]], [[T26E1-1|T26E1]] and IS-2 1944.<br />
* Rather slow acceleration limits its short range manoeuvrability.<br />
* Slow turret traverse makes it hard to respond to flankers quickly. The [[M18 GMC|M18]] is very common at this BR<br />
* Ammo storage at the hull sides are very easy to explode when hit.<br />
* Is a big and tall target, easy to get spotted and shot at.<br />
* Other then APCR, not much of a upgrade over the Tiger H1 despite a higher battle rating.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
===Development===<br />
The '''Tiger I''' heavy tank was arguably the most infamous tank of World War II. The design for this tank began as early as January 1937 when Henschel & Sohn worked on a large "breakthrough" called the ''Durchbruchwagen'' that weighed about 30 tons on request by the German military.<ref name="ImagesOfWarTiger">Anthony Tucker-Jones. ''Images Of War Special: Tiger I & Tiger II'' Great Britain: Pen & Sword Military, 2013</ref> The request was modified over time for more armour and better gun that increased the weight to 36 tons, but this project was dropped in 1938 in favour of the better prototypes VK 30.01(H) and VK 36.01(H). These new prototypes were the start of the usage of the ''Schachtellaufwerk'' wheel arrangements, but these also never passed prototype stages and were both cancelled in 1942.<br />
<br />
During the development of the prototypes above, the German invasion of France showed that the Allied tanks such as the Somua, Char B1, and [[Matilda Mk II|Matilda II]] were impervious to their current anti-tank weaponry and a need for better armoured and armed tanks was emphasized. So on May 26, 1941, Henschel and Porsche were asked to submit designs for a 45-ton heavy tank that was to be ready for demonstration by June 1942. During their development in June 1941, Germany initiated Operation Barbarossa against the Soviet Union and was shocked by appearance of the [[T-34 (1941)|T-34]] and [[KV-1 (ZiS-5)|KV-1]] tanks that were invulnerable to all but the most potent anti-tank weapon in German inventory, one of which was the [[KwK 36 (88 mm)|88 mm FlaK cannon]]. The potency of the 88 mm cannon against the heavily armoured tanks that the Germans faced had Hitler ordered that the heavy tank design undertaken by Henschel and Porsche to utilize the 88 mm as its main armament instead of a 75 mm cannon.<br />
<br />
The designs of the tank were finalized and ready for demonstration on April 20, 1942, Hitler's birthday, and showed the ''VK 45.01(H)'' and the [[VK 45.01 (P)|VK 45.01(P)]]. The demonstration and subsequent evaluations on the two designs determined that the Henschel variant was superior to the Porsche variant, proving more reliable, more mobile, and more easily produced than the Porsche. This caused the Henschel variant to be adopted as the '''Panzerkampfwagen VI Tiger''' and production started in August 1942. The Porsche variant had many chassis produced as Ferdinand Porsche thought the design would win, so the chassis was instead used in the [[Ferdinand|Ferdinand]] tank destroyer.<br />
<br />
===Design===<br />
What perhaps made the Tiger I so unique in tank development and German doctrine is a change of focus between the three characteristics of the tank; with more emphasis to firepower and armour than to mobility. The Tiger I contained the large [[KwK 36 (88 mm)|88 mm KwK 36 cannon]] which was very accurate and powerful, being able to penetrate every Allied armour present at its introduction. The armour on the Tiger I was also one of the greatest at the time, with an astounding 102 mm of armour on the front hull armour, 82 mm on the side superstructure and rear, and 120 mm on the gun mantlet. The armour was vertical faced so no sloping benefits were present like on the [[Panther D|Panther]]. All these armour thicknesses proved invulnerable to most Allied anti-tank weaponry at the time, requiring more creative methods in a shot placement to disable the tank. The mobility, while taken with less emphasis in the development, was still respectable at the time as the tank weighed about 57 metric tons, about 20 tons more than other country's main tanks, yet is able to keep up a speed of 38 km/h (Maximum speed was 45 km/h, but an engine governor was installed to preserve the engine life).<br />
<br />
The tank utilized a torsion-bar suspension system in a ''Schachtellaufwerk'' overlapping pattern, making the Tiger one of the first German tank design to use the pattern. While the design gave the Tiger I great flotation due to the use of a wider track for lower ground pressure, it had disadvantages in environment and maintenance. In the Eastern Front, mud and other foreign objects could be jammed in between the overlapping wheels, which would freeze in the winter and jam the wheels; the overlapping wheels also were a hassle to change out, in order to replace one wheel in the inside of the suspension, it requires the removal of at least nine other wheels in order to access it. The first 250 Tiger tanks used a Maybach V-12 HL210 engine with 650 hp before switching over to the more powerful Maybach V-12 HL230 engine with 700 hp. The engine proved adequate in propelling the tank but was still considered underpowered for the tank weight.<br />
<br />
The Tiger I, as innovative as it is to tank warfare, was a strain on German war production. The tank was over-engineered, taking much more man-hour and materials for its worth as a war machine. Cost-wise, two [[Pz.IV G|Panzer IVs]] or four [[StuG III G|StuG IIIs]] can be built for the cost of one Tiger I. The tank was also expensive to maintain and took lots of fuel to run. These attributed to the low number of only 1,354 Tiger Is produced from 1942 to August 1944.<ref name="ImagesOfWarTiger">Anthony Tucker-Jones. ''Images Of War Special: Tiger I & Tiger II'' Great Britain: Pen & Sword Military, 2013</ref><br />
<br />
===Variants===<br />
There are three main production Tiger I variants known today, the "early-production", "mid-production", and "late-production" models. The ''Early-production'' model was designated as the '''[[Tiger H1|Panzerkampfwagen VI Ausf. H]]''' the first few batches and is distinguished by its drum-style cupola with over-swinging hatch, the model also had two vehicle lights on the front side of the tank. The ''Mid-production'' featured ''Zimmerit'' paste and a side-swinging cupola with accommodation for a machine gun mounted on the cupola, the vehicle light was also changed to just one placed right in the front of the hull armour. The mid-production was also redesignated in May 1943 as the '''[[Tiger E|Panzerkampfwagen VI Ausf. E]]'''. ''Late-production'' models featured the removal of the ''Zimmerit'' paste as there was an assumed flaw with it, and the overlapping wheels were instead made into interleaving with full-steel road wheels as well, in a manner similar to the [[Tiger II (H)|Tiger II]].<br />
<br />
Other specialized variants of the Tiger I was produced as well. A small number of demolition carrier models were field-made in Italy, where it had its main gun replaced by a crane to carry demolition to clear minefields or destroy obstacles. The demolition carrier version was interpreted by Allied intelligence as a ''BergeTiger'', an armoured recovery vehicle, though it is not known if it ever saw service in this role. Another specialized variant produced in 1944 in some numbers was the ''Sturmtiger'', an heavy assault gun with a 38 cm rocket launcher made from a depth charge. 19 of these were made and saw use in all fronts, though its most noteworthy combat action was in the Warsaw Uprising.<br />
<br />
===Combat usage===<br />
In its introduction, Hitler ordered the new Tigers to be used in the Leningrad siege in September 1942. However, as the faults of the tank were still not yet fully ironed out at this stage, the mechanical unreliability and the unsuitable terrain caused one of the Tiger Is to be stuck in the swamps and abandoned by its users. This example was then captured by the Red Army and tipped off the Allies of the development of the new Tiger tanks and so developments in countermeasures began. In North Africa, the Tigers saw the first action against the Western Allies in Tunisia in December 1942. Its impact there left an impression on the Allied armour forces, but its myth as an invulnerable tank was shattered when two Tigers were taken out by the British [[Ordnance QF 6-pounder Mk.III (57 mm)|6-pounder anti-tank guns]]. The total loss in that campaign was seven Tigers by February 1943.<br />
<br />
Once mass-numbers of Tiger Is were available, they were employed in heavy tank battalions that were to be deployed in breakthrough operations or counter-attacks. Field experience with the Tiger showed that the Tiger's heavyweight proved a nuisance in operational mobility, an example being that small bridges were unable to support the Tiger tank's weight. An attempt to remedy this was to use a snorkel device so the tank could ford rivers as deep as four meters, however, this system was phased out of later production models for cost-savings. The Tiger suffered reliability problems in all of its service life that impeded its effectiveness and its high fuel usage limited its combat operations. Armour recovery of the vehicle was also terrible as three heavy recovery half-tracks were required to tow the tank away, causing a strain on the German support line to keep the Tiger tanks in running order. Despite that, the Tiger I proved superior in terms of armour and armament against the Allies and created massive losses among their armoured forces, causing many soldiers to keep an eye out for the infamous "Tigers".<br />
<br />
The impact the Tiger had on the battlefield as the superior tank at its introduction created fame to the commanders and crew operating this tank, further fueling the Tiger's reputation in the war as a killing machine. Some Tiger units were able to achieve kill ratios up to 10:1, and some even higher. Some notable Tiger aces known were Kurt Knispel (168 tank kills), Otto Carius (150+), Johannes Bölter (139+), and Michael Wittmann (138).<br />
<br />
However, as the war progressed and the impact of the Tiger's surprise in Kursk and Italy has dissolved, Allied developments gave forth more capable tanks able to defeat the Tiger I tanks. The Soviets solution was to up-gun their [[T-34 (1942)|T-34s]] with an [[D-5T (85 mm)|85 mm gun]] to make the [[T-34-85]], and the Western Allies with the [[M1 (76 mm)|76 mm]] and [[Ordnance QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|17-pounders]] on the [[M4A1 (76) W|M4 Sherman]] and [[Sherman Firefly|Firefly]] respectively.. The Tiger went as an highly-invulnerable tank design into a simple heavy tank as the war went on, and it was replaced by the more powerful and more heavily armoured [[Tiger II (H)|Tiger II]] in 1944. Despite its replacement, many Tiger I models still saw use up until the end of World War II.<br />
<br />
===Survivors===<br />
Due to the low number of Tiger Is made during the war (1354, compared to [[Pz.IV H|Panzer IV]]'s 8,550 and the [[M4|M4 Sherman]]'s ~50,000), very few intact Tiger Is are left in the world. Today, only seven tanks in various conditions exist in the world. The most famous of these is ''Tiger 131'', captured by the British in Tunisia in April 1943. The crew abandoned the tank due to a [[Ordnance QF 6-pounder Mk.III (57 mm)|6-pounder]] shot from a [[Churchill Mk III|Churchill tank]] jamming the gun mantlet and turret ring, causing it to be unable to aim. This intact tank is also famous for being the only fully operational Tiger I in the world due to a restoration effort by the Bovington Tank Museum in the 1990s. It is still there as a display and remains as the museum's most popular exhibit.<br />
<br />
=== In-game description ===<br />
A late modification to the Pz.Kpfw heavy tank. The VI Tiger was intended to reduce the expense of production and make the vehicle more easily adaptable to specific combat conditions.<br />
<br />
Late-model Tigers had an upgraded track assembly, including full-metal rollers with internal amortization, which allowed them to be used for longer without degrading the smoothness of the ride. The number of rows of rollers was reduced from four to three on each side. The external row was removed. A new track adjusting wheel with a reduced diameter was installed.<br />
<br />
The design of the turret was altered: the thickness of the armour at the top of the turret was increased to 45 mm, and a new gun mantlet was installed under the TFZ-9's monocular sight. To defend the tank in close combat a Nahvertiediegengswaffe bomb discharger was installed that fired anti-personal mines. A Zimmerit coating was used that was supposed to protect the tank against magnetic mines and grenades.<br />
<br />
== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
<br />
;Skins<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=germany&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=heavy_tank&vehicle=germ_pzkpfw_VI_ausf_e_tiger Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
<br />
;Sights<br />
<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/post/675135/en/ RideR2's Realistic gunsight (TZF4a, TZF 5a/b/d/e/f/f2, TZF 9b/b1/c/d, TZF 12/a) for Pzkpfw II, Pzkpfw III, Pzkpfw IV, Pzkpfw V, Pzkpfw VI]<br />
<br />
;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|MhjI_h5FhG4|'''IS-2 vs Tiger E''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|9_txEPailKc|'''The Shooting Range #92''' - ''Tactics & Strategy'' section at 10:50 discusses the Tiger I.|kFQd8TYt6Ew|'''Tank Chats #17 Tiger I''' - ''The Tank Museum''}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Common enemies<br />
<br />
* [[M4A2 (76) W]] - USA medium tank<br />
* [[M18 GMC]] - USA tank destroyer<br />
* [[IS-1]] - USSR heavy tank<br />
* [[SU-152]] - USSR tank destroyer<br />
* [[T-34-85]] - USSR medium tank<br />
* [[Avenger]] - British tank destroyer<br />
* [[Achilles]] - British tank destroyer<br />
* [[ARL-44]] - French tank destroyer<br />
<br />
;Uncommon enemies (generally allied)<br />
<br />
* [[Breda 501]] - Italy tank destroyer<br />
* [[Chi-To Late]] - Japan medium tank<br />
* [[Chi-Ri II]] - Japan medium tank<br />
* [[Delat Torn]] - Sweden tank destroyer<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''<br />
* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
<br />
* [[wt:en/devblog/current/745/|[Devblog] IL-2 AM-38 1941 and Pz.Kpfw. VI Ausf. E Tiger]]<br />
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=== References ===<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
{{Germany heavy tanks}}</div>U107834404https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=LVT(A)(1)&diff=95782LVT(A)(1)2021-02-28T04:13:38Z<p>U107834404: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Specs-Card<br />
|code=us_lvt_a_1<br />
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --><br />
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.59 "Flaming Arrows"]]. Featuring a crew of six people with a 37 mm gun, it has a rather competitive armament for the size and battle rating. It is also the second amphibious ground vehicle to be added into the game.<br />
<br />
The LVT is unique among the Rank I vehicles, given its ability to float across deep water. It has extremely thin armour that can easily be penetrated by heavy machine guns. In some areas even a light machine gun can penetrate it. It mounts a lightened Stuart turret, giving it a decently fast firing 37 mm cannon. Additionally, despite its rather large size (relative to its peers) it is quite mobile due to its light weight, able to keep pace with the M3 Lee.<br />
<br />
== General info ==<br />
=== Survivability and armour ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}<br />
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' --><br />
Its large and spacious hull might seem hard to knock out all of its crew, but that's only true when you are getting shot from the side. From your side, there is a huge empty area between the driving compartment and the fighting compartment that will absorb any shell, regardless of their explosive fillers. However an experienced player will know to shoot at these two compartments and avoid the empty space. From the front, the spacious hull does not help to keep the crew safe as a penetrating shell will travel through the empty space and hit any crew at the back, so you could die sooner than you expected. Avoid tanks with solid shots, for example British/Swedish tanks.<br />
<br />
'''Armour type:'''<br />
<br />
* Rolled homogeneous armour<br />
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Machine gun shield)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle°) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof<br />
|-<br />
| Hull || 12.7 mm (31°) ''Front plate'' <br> 6.35 mm (83-84°) ''Upper glacis'' <br> 6.35 mm (41-81°) ''Lower glacis'' || 6.35 mm (11-51°) ''Top'' <br> 6.35 + 6.35 mm ''Bottom'' || 6.35 mm (0-62°) || 6.35 mm<br />
|-<br />
| Turret || 12.7 mm (10°) ''Turret front'' <br> 50.8 mm (1-81°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 12.7 mm || 12.7 mm || 6 mm<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
'''Notes:'''<br />
<br />
* Suspension wheels and tracks are 15 mm thick.<br />
* Front hull has flat armour area where driver & co-driver sits.<br />
<br />
The deadliest threats are HMG and autocannon mounted vehicles such as the Pz.II's, T-60, and AA guns. They can quickly chew through all of the crew.<br />
<br />
=== Mobility ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}<br />
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --><br />
<br />
{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 387|rbMinHp= 221}}<br />
<br />
The LVT's mobility is adequate. On hard surfaces it easily reaches its top speed of around 38 km/h. On soft surfaces it needs more time to accelerate, and the top speed is lowered. The reverse speed is extremely poor, which can cause you to take unnecessary hits. The hull traverse is great, allowing you to quickly change direction, however a downside is that when you turn the hull to aim, you might over-turn and swing the gun past the target, increasing the aiming time which can be fatal.<br />
<br />
Due to its big and tall tracks, the LVT can drive over some obstacles that are too tall for normal-sized tanks.<br />
<br />
=== Modifications and economy ===<br />
{{Specs-Economy}}<br />
<br />
== Armaments ==<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}<br />
=== Main armament ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}<br />
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --><br />
{{main|M6 (37 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[M6 (37 mm)|37 mm M6]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)<br />
|-<br />
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer<br />
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced<br />
|-<br />
! ''Arcade''<br />
| rowspan="2" | 104 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Vertical || 22.85 || 31.62 || 38.40 || 42.50 || 45.18 || rowspan="2" | 3.77 || rowspan="2" | 3.33 || rowspan="2" | 3.07 || rowspan="2" | 2.90<br />
|-<br />
! ''Realistic''<br />
| 14.28 || 16.80 || 20.40 || 22.60 || 24.00<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Ammunition ====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''<br />
|-<br />
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m<br />
|-<br />
| M51B1/B2 || APCBC || 87 || 84 || 73 || 60 || 50 || 41<br />
|-<br />
| M74B1 || AP || 79 || 76 || 65 || 54 || 45 || 37<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"<br />
! colspan="10" | Shell details<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition<br />
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead<br />
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)<br />
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)<br />
! colspan="3" | Ricochet<br />
|-<br />
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%<br />
|-<br />
| M51B1/B2 || APCBC || 883 || 0.87 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°<br />
|-<br />
| M74B1 || AP || 883 || 0.87 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====<br />
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Full<br>ammo<br />
! 1st<br>rack empty<br />
! 2nd<br>rack empty<br />
! 3rd<br>rack empty<br />
! 4th<br>rack empty<br />
! 5th<br>rack empty<br />
! Visual<br>discrepancy<br />
|-<br />
| '''104''' || 92&nbsp;''(+12)'' || 69&nbsp;''(+35)'' || 46&nbsp;''(+58)'' || 23&nbsp;''(+81)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+103)'' || style="text-align:left" | No<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<!--==== [[Optics]] ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} Optics<br />
|-<br />
!<br />
! Default magnification<br />
! Maximum magnification<br />
|-<br />
! Main Gun optics<br />
| X1.8 || X3.5<br />
|-<br />
! Comparable optics<br />
| colspan="2" | ___<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
---><br />
=== Machine guns ===<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}<br />
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}<br />
<!-- ''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.'' --><br />
{{main|M1919A4 (7.62 mm)}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="5" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]<br />
|-<br />
! Mount<br />
! Capacity<br>(Belt capacity)<br />
! Rate of fire<br>(shots/minute)<br />
! Vertical<br>guidance<br />
! Horizontal<br>guidance<br />
|-<br />
| Rear-facing || 3,000 (250) || 500 || -10°/+40° || ±60°<br />
|-<br />
| Rear-facing || 3,000 (250) || 500 || -10°/+40° || ±60°<br />
|-<br />
| Coaxial || 3,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Usage in battles ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --><br />
Use the LVT(A)(1)'s ability to sneak up waterways to work around the enemy lines, and ambush when possible. If that is not a option, come at them head on, either taking their vehicle out or disabling it long enough to get around and finish it with a side shot. Once done, do not take the waterways back as the LVT(A)(1) is much faster on land.<br />
<br />
This tank has the capability to work as an early assault tank, not as fast as the Stuarts, BTs and other light tanks.<br />
<br />
Another tactic that can be done against lightly armoured vehicles is to drive backwards towards the enemy. The combined firepower of 3 machine guns and the cannon increases the chance of take out the enemy before they can take out the LVT(A)(1).<br />
<br />
The big thing to keep in mind is that the LVT(A)(1) is big. It is a large target that is hard to hide, but the spacious interior makes it harder for enemies to take out all of the crew members.<br />
<br />
At the same time, keep in mind that the LVT(A)(1) is an easy target for aircraft, as the vehicle presents as very easy target for anything .50 cal and up.<br />
<br />
=== Pros and cons ===<br />
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --><br />
<br />
'''Pros:'''<br />
<br />
* Very fast and manoeuvrable on most terrain<br />
* 6 crew members<br />
* Fast-firing and accurate 37 mm gun<br />
* Crew members are spread out, less likely to get knocked out in one shot<br />
* Great gun depression at the side and front<br />
* Heavily armoured gun mantlet<br />
* 2 machine gunners that can fire at high angles, enabling anti air<br />
* Small engine makes it hard to hit<br />
* Reserve tank (no repair costs)<br />
* Amphibious (the first reserve floating tank)<br />
* Most of the interior is empty space meaning that most tanks will need a few shots to knock out this tank<br />
<br />
'''Cons:'''<br />
<br />
* Huge (shell magnet)<br />
* Barely any armor to speak about<br />
* Exposed lower glacis<br />
* Weak armor and huge size makes it vulnerable to artillery<br />
* Can be hull broken by large caliber HEAT, such as the ones found on [[Chi-Ha|Chi-Has]] and early [[Pz.IV (Disambiguation)|Panzer IVs]].<br />
* Very slow reverse speed can prevent it from retreating back to cover in time<br />
* Unstable aim while moving<br />
* Bad suspension makes it unstable at humps<br />
* Very slow speed when traveling in water<br />
* Water rocks the tank when moving, making it unstable during and a while after movement in the water<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --><br />
===Development===<br />
The vehicle's origins is from a swamp-access vehicle called the ''Alligator'' made for civilians. Donald Roebling, its developer, built an improved version of his vehicle with better speed in water. The United States Marine Corps became interested in this amphibious design as they began drawing up their amphibious warfare doctrine. They requested a more sea-worthy version of the vehicle for use in their military operations. Though Roebling and the Navy were reclusive on that idea (the Navy believes they have the current vehicle in store already), the idea brought fruit when World War II broke out in Europe and Roebling created a military version. After a few trials with improvements like a stronger engine, the Bureau of Ships placed a contract for 100 of these vehicles with all-steel armour. The first ones arrive in July 1941, with 200 more ordered before the initial contract was finished. The vehicle design was adopted and designated the '''LVT''', with many different variants of the vehicle being produced throughout the war.<br />
<br />
===Variants===<br />
The first version of the LVT, the ''LVT-1'', could carry 18 men or 4,500 pounds of equipment. The Marines first used the LVT-1 in Guadalcanal with 128 available to 1st Marine Division. Usage in the field revealed that the LVT was too thinly armoured for a rapid deployment back and forth the ships and landing site, but the Marines saw the vehicle's potential as an assault vehicle. So in June 1941, the Marines push forward with a Roebling design of the LVT armed with a gun turret. In order for this to be possible, the LVT underwent a redesign into the ''LVT-2 "Buffalo"'', which had a new powertrain and suspension to allow better performances on land and able to carry up to 6,950 pounds in equipment. It was this design that the turret-equipped LVT's were created. The LVT-2's were armed with turrets from the [[M3A1_Stuart|Stuart series]] and [[M8_Scott|M8 howitzer motor carriages]]. These two turret variants are designated ''[[LVT(A)(1)|LVT(A)-1]]'' and ''[[LVT(A)(4) ZIS-2 (USA)|LVT(A)-4]]'' respectively. The ''(A)'' standing for ''armoured'' as the LVT was built with additional armour to withstand small arms fire. 510 of the ''LVT(A)-1'' were created while 1,890 of the ''LVT(A)-4'' were created.<br />
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Other variants of the LVT were produced featuring redesigns for its purpose of infantry fire support and cargo-bearing. Some of the significant ones was the ''LVT-4'' in August 1943 that moved the engine forward and had a rear ramp door, which increased capacity from 18 soldiers to 30, making previous load-carrying LVT's obsolete. The ''LVT-4'' was the most numerous of the LVT variants at 8,351 units.<br />
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===Combat usage===<br />
The first usage of the LVT family is as a cargo carrier in Guadalcanal, it was unarmoured at the time and only had machine guns as their main armaments. Their next usage was in Tarawa, which saw the first usage of the newly designed LVT-2. The vehicles in both cases carried ammunition, troops, and wounded back and forth the ships and the beach. After Tarawa, the LVT inventory increased by the battalion, as well as the appearance of the gun-armed ''LVT(A)-1'' and ''LVT(A)-4''. The LVT family continued to see service in Bougainville, the Marshall Islands, Saipan, Peleliu, Leyte (its largest usage in the war), Iwo Jima, and Okinawa. The LVT's also saw use in South East Asia in use by the British, but they never saw combat action.<br />
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Outside the Pacific, the LVT also saw use in the European Theater of Operations. Their first usage was in North Africa in November 1942 during Operation Torch to land troops, where its best usage was to get stranded landing boats back into action. The LVT's were also given to the British as part of Lend-Lease. The LVT's were used in the Normandy landings and other operations in Europe such as crossing the Rhine River in Germany and Po River in Italy.<br />
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After World War II, the LVT's continued to see action in the multiple conflicts in the world. A number were given to the Chinese Nationalists in the Chinese Civil War by America. Many of these were captured by the Chinese PLA, with some converted to use a 75 mm howitzer or a ''[[ZiS-2_(57_mm)|ZIS-2]]'' anti-tank gun. The Americans used a number of LVT vehicles in the Korean War, notably the landing at Inchon and the attack on Seoul. The French also used American-supplied LVTs during the Indochina War and the Suez Crisis.<br />
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== Media ==<br />
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --><br />
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;Skins<br />
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=usa&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=light_tank&vehicle=us_lvt_a_1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]<br />
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;Videos<br />
{{Youtube-gallery|SJoW-2_6J6o|'''Amphibious tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 3:16 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|p9_XD0TgdiA|'''TOP 5 Reserve Tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 1:00 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|0vrfsZe1ZcA|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''}}<br />
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== See also ==<br />
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''<br />
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''<br />
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --><br />
<br />
;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis<br />
* [[LVT (Family)]]<br />
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;Vehicles equipped with the same gun<br />
* [[M3 Stuart (Family)]]<br />
* [[M5 Stuart (Family)]]<br />
* [[M8 Greyhound (Family)]]<br />
* [[M22]]<br />
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;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role<br />
* [[Ka-Mi]]<br />
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== External links ==<br />
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* ''topic on the official game forum;''<br />
* ''other literature.'' --><br />
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* [[wt:en/news/3755-development-lvt-a-1-en/|[Devblog] LVT(A)-1]]<br />
* [[wikipedia:Landing_Vehicle_Tracked|[Wikipedia] Landing Vehicle Tracked]]<br />
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/US/LVTA-1_Amtrack.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> LVT(A)1 Amtrack]<br />
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{{TankManufacturer Food Machinery Corporation (FMC)}}<br />
{{USA light tanks}}</div>U107834404