Lender AA gun, pattern 1914/15 (76 mm)

Description

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Vehicles equipped with this weapon

• Frunze

General info

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Available ammunition

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Comparison with analogues

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Usage in battles

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Pros and cons

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History

A pre-Soviet era gun, the Lender AA gun bears the distinction of being the first purpose-built anti-aircraft gun built in Russia. The Imperial Russian Army began testing anti-air weapons back in 1890 conducting firing trials at tethered balloons at Ust-Izhora proving grounds. However, the Russians were unwilling to develop a specialized anti-air weapon believing their existing divisional field guns could do the job. In 1908, the Artillery Academies in the Russian Empire were finally willing to accept the idea of a purpose-built anti-aircraft gun and V.V. Tarnovsky finished the design based on the technical requirements, in 1913. However, politics led to the design getting sold to the Putilov plant in Saint Petersburg where F.F. Lender modified the design and it would begin to bear his name as the "Lender gun". Beginning production during World War I, the Lender AA was a built-up design that the Imperial Russian Army mounted on the chassis of trucks as a self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon (an idea proposed by Tarnovsky) often either White Motor Company Trucks imported from the United States or domestic designs from Russo-Balt. The Army also used the gun on armoured trains and fixed land mounts.

The Imperial Russian Navy also expressed an interest in the design, with 20 being produced with improved elevation angles for their ships, only to enter Army service instead. Due to the chaotic state of Russian industry, the Lender AA was designed to use all standard 76.2 mm artillery shells along with half a dozen anti-aircraft shells. The first recorded use of these guns was in the self-propelled role, repelling a German air raid at Pultusk (modern-day Poland) on June 17th, 1915. The only ships that were completed for the Imperial Russian Navy with the Lender guns were the Gangut-class dreadnoughts which had a single Lender gun on the quarter-deck though additional anti-aircraft guns of unknown type were added with refits during World War I and three more guns were added during refits in the 1920s on the roofs of the end turrets.

When the Russian Revolution occurred in 1917 followed closely by the Russian Civil War, the construction of multiple warships for the now-disbanded Imperial Russian Navy was halted. In 1921, the chaos of the civil war caused an end to production, but it was restarted the following year before ending for good in 1934, by which point the gun was changed to a loose liner design. The new Red Fleet, later called the Soviet Navy, needed ships and they began completing the old ships and commissioning them to service with the Lender AA gun being fitted. The Lender AA gun, officially called by the GAU designation 84-K by this point, was fitted to a number of the Soviet ships commissioned throughout the 1920s and into the early 1930s. The Nyezamozhnik, Zheleznyakov, and Shaumayan destroyers of the second wave of the Fidonisy-class were launched with the Lender as the Russian Empire planned them to have. The Krasny Kavkaz cruiser of the Admiral Nakhimov-class was fitted with Lenders for the secondary battery replacing the planned 63.3 mm AA guns which were never completed.

The Soviet Navy would also refit the Lender AA guns to some of their existing ships such as Svetlana-class cruiser Krasny Krym, the Pallada-class protected cruiser Aurora in 1923, the first wave Fidonsiy-class destroyer Dzerzhinski in 1929, and the Bogatyr-class protected cruiser, the Komintern. When Finland became independent from Russia in 1918, the struggle between the Communist Reds and anti-Communist Whites waged in Russia was mirrored in Finland and an armoured train armed with these guns was captured from the Red Guard by the Finnish White Guard. In 1926, these Lenders were used to form Finland's first anti-aircraft battery and they would continue to see service in the anti-aircraft battery and coastal defense role by the Finns through World War II. The Soviets would give 12 Lenders to the Republicans during the Spanish Civil War, and would also keep the gun in action through World War II despite its obsolescence.

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See also

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USSR naval cannons
20 mm	ShVAK
25 mm	2M-3
30 mm	AK-230 · 30 mm/54 AK-630 · BP "Plamya"
37 mm	37 mm/67 70-K · V-11
45 mm	45 mm/46 21-K · 45 mm/68 21-KM · 45 mm/89 SM-20-ZIF · 45 mm/89 SM-21-ZIF
57 mm	AK-725
75 mm	75 mm/50 Canet patt.1892
76 mm	34-K · 39-K · 76 mm/60 AK-176M · AK-726 · D-56TS · F-34 · Lender AA gun, pattern 1914/15
85 mm	85 mm/52 92-K · 85 mm/54.6 ZIS-C-53 · 90-K
100 mm	100 mm/56 B-34 · 100 mm/70 SM-5-1 · Minizini
102 mm	Pattern 1911
120 mm	120 mm/50 pattern 1905
130 mm	130 mm/55 pattern 1913 · 130 mm/58 SM-2-1 · B-13
152 mm	152 mm/57 B-38
180 mm	180 mm/57 B-1-P · 180 mm/60 B-1-K
305 mm	12-inch/52 pattern 1907 · 305 mm/54 B-50
	Foreign:
40 mm	2pdr QF Mk.IIc (Britain) · Skoda (Czechoslovakia)
47 mm	3 pdr QF Hotchkiss (Britain)
76 mm	76 mm/40 Ansaldo mod.1917 (Italy)
88 mm	SK C/30 (Germany)
120 mm	120 mm/50 Mk.4 Bofors M1924 (Sweden) · 120 mm/50 O.T.O. Mod.1933 (Italy)
152 mm	152/53 mm O.T.O. Mod.1929 (Italy)
320 mm	320 mm/44 Ansaldo model 1934 (Italy)