Difference between pages "IT-1" and "ZSU-23-4"

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(→‎Mobility: Updated to new, sleek profile table)
 
(→‎Mobility: Updated to new, sleek profile table)
 
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{{Specs-Card|code=ussr_it_1}}
+
{{Specs-Card|code=ussr_zsu_23_4}}
  
 
== Description ==
 
== Description ==
 
<!--In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.-->
 
<!--In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.-->
−
[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
+
[[File:GarageImage_ZSU-23-4.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
 
{{break}}
 
{{break}}
−
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.59 "Flaming Arrows"]] and was one of the first ATGM-equipped vehicles to be in the game. The IT-1 is equipped with the 3M7 anti-tank missile capable of penetrating 500 mm.
+
The '''{{specs|name}}''' is a rank {{specs|rank}} Soviet anti-aircraft vehicle {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.63 "Desert Hunters"]]. The "Shilka" presents a much higher rate of fire than its predecessor [[ZSU-57-2]] and allows the user to saturate the airspace to increase the chance of hitting a low-flying aircraft.
 +
 
 +
The Shilka preforms more or less like a roided up Wirbelwind, minus the tank hunting ability. As such, the fewer the planes that know your location the better. If one is headed your direction, let them get as close as possible (within reasonable safety, of course) before opening up, to guarantee a hit. The few props and lower rank jets that occur at top rank are easy pickings at most distances due to the wide spread of the 23mm river, but 9.0 jets are trickier to hit, even at medium ranges, so the more of an element of surprise you have, the better.
  
 
== General info ==
 
== General info ==
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If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.-->
 
If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.-->
−
 
 
'''Armour type:'''
 
'''Armour type:'''
−
* Rolled homogeneous armor (Hull)
+
* Rolled homogeneous armour
−
* Cast homogeneous armor (Turret)
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear (Slope angle) !! Roof
+
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Hull || 100 mm (60°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 100 mm (55°) ''Lower glacis'' || 80 mm || 45 mm (1-2°) ''Upper'' <br> 45 mm ''Lower'' || 30 mm
+
| Hull || 9.4 mm (57°) || 9.4 mm || 9.4 mm (46°) ''Upper'' <br> 9.4 mm (22°) ''Lower'' || 9.4 mm
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Turret || 200 mm (19-60°) || 120 mm (23-61°) || 65 mm (21-56°) || 30 mm  
+
| Turret || 8.9 mm (23°) || 8.9 mm (8-10°) || 8.9 mm (1°) || 8.9 mm
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof  
 
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Cupola || 40 mm || 40 mm
+
| Cupola || 8.9 mm || 8.9 mm
 +
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 
'''Notes:'''
 
'''Notes:'''
−
* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick, tracks are 18 mm thick
+
* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick while tracks are 15 mm thick.
 +
* Belly armour is 9.4 mm thick.
  
 
=== Mobility ===
 
=== Mobility ===
 
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' -->
 
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' -->
  
−
{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 899|rbMinHp= 513}}
+
{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 398|rbMinHp= 248}}
  
 
== Armaments ==
 
== Armaments ==
−
=== Main armament ===
 
 
<!--Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.-->
 
<!--Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.-->
−
{{main|3M7}}
+
{{main|AZP-23 (23 mm)}}
  
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! colspan="6" | 180 mm 3M7 ATGM
+
! colspan="6" | [[AZP-23 (23 mm)|23 mm AZP-23]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
+
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity each)
 
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate <br> (shots/minute)
 
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate <br> (shots/minute)
 
! rowspan="1" | Vertical <br> guidance
 
! rowspan="1" | Vertical <br> guidance
Line 51: Line 52:
 
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
 
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
 
|-
 
|-
−
| colspan="2" | 15 || 5.4 || -9°/+17° || ±180° || Two-plane
+
| colspan="2" | 2,000 (500) || 850 || -4°/+85° || ±180° || Two-plane
 
|-
 
|-
 
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
 
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
Line 62: Line 63:
 
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
 
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''Arcade'' || 22.02 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
+
| ''Arcade'' || 41.6 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''Realistic'' || 14.88 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
+
| ''Realistic'' || 41.6 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
 
|-
 
|-
 
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
 
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
Line 73: Line 74:
 
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
 
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 16.00 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
+
| 5.2 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
===== Ammunition =====
+
=== Belt statistics ===
−
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
+
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
−
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
+
|-
 +
! data-sort-type="text" rowspan="2" | Ammunition
 +
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
 +
|-
 +
! style="width:4em"|10m
 +
! style="width:4em"|100m
 +
! style="width:4em"|500m
 +
! style="width:4em"|1000m
 +
! style="width:4em"|1500m
 +
! style="width:4em"|2000m
 
|-
 
|-
−
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
+
| Default || 46 || 45 || 33 || 23 || 15 || 11
−
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of <br /> warhead
 
−
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 0° Angle of Attack'''
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
! 10m
+
| HEI-T || 46 || 45 || 33 || 23 || 15 || 11
−
! 100m
 
−
! 500m
 
−
! 1000m
 
−
! 1500m
 
−
! 2000m
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 3M7 || ATGM || 500 || 500 || 500 || 500 || 500 || 500
+
| API-T || 46 || 45 || 33 || 23 || 15 || 11
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
−
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
+
 
−
! colspan="14" | Shell details
+
===Belt types===
 +
{|class="wikitable"
 +
| '''Belts''' || '''Shell composition''' || '''Combat usage'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
+
|align="left"|'''''Default ''''' ||align="left"| API-T, HEFI-T ||align="left"|  
−
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of <br /> warhead
 
−
! rowspan="2" |Maximum Velocity <br /> in m/s
 
−
! rowspan="2" |Projectile<br />Mass in kg
 
−
! rowspan="2" | Range (m)
 
−
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
 
−
''in m:''
 
−
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
 
−
''in mm:''
 
−
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g<br /> (TNT equivalent):''
 
−
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° <br> from horizontal:''
 
−
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
! 0%
+
|align="left"|'''''HEI-T''''' ||align="left"| HEFI-T, HEFI-T, HEFI-T, API-T ||align="left"|  
−
! 50%
 
−
! 100%
 
−
|-
 
−
| 3M7 || ATGM || 224 || 54 || 6,500 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 4,280 || +0° || 80° || 82° || 90°
 
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|align="left"|'''''API-T''''' ||align="left"| API-T, API-T, API-T, HEFI-T ||align="left"|
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
 
+
=== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] ===
−
===== Ammo racks =====
 
−
[[File:Ammoracks_IT-1.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the IT-1.]]
 
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
 
|-
 
|-
Line 131: Line 120:
 
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th<br />  rack empty
 
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th<br />  rack empty
 
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th<br />  rack empty
 
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th<br />  rack empty
 +
! class="wikitable unsortable" width="10%" |Recommendations
 
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual<br /> discrepancy
 
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual<br /> discrepancy
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| '''15''' || XX&nbsp;''(X+)'' || &nbsp;''(+)'' || &nbsp;''(+)'' || &nbsp;''(+)'' || &nbsp;''(+)'' || &nbsp;''(+)'' || style="text-align:left" | no  
+
|| '''2,000''' || XX&nbsp;''(X+)'' || &nbsp;''(+)'' || &nbsp;''(+)'' || &nbsp;''(+)'' || &nbsp;''(+)'' || &nbsp;''(+)'' || style="text-align:left" | Turret empty: &nbsp;() || style="text-align:left" | no  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
=== Machine guns ===
+
===Radars===
−
<!--Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.-->
+
{{main|1RL33}}
−
{{main|SGMT (7.62 mm)}}
+
The ZSU-23-4 is equipped with a [[1RL33]] search and tracking radar, mounted on top of the turret, at the rear. The radar system lacks track while scan, but can track targets in a full 360° area around the turret (instead of just to the front of the turret). The radar has very slow scan speed.
 +
{{Notice|By default the radar will scan a 60° arc, this can be changed to a 360° scan if desired, using the "change radar search mode" key.}}
  
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 +
! colspan="5" | [[1RL33]] - Target Detection Radar
 
|-
 
|-
−
! colspan="7" | [[SGMT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm SGMT]]
+
! {{Annotation|Maximum<br/>Detection<br/>Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
 +
! {{Annotation|Minimum<br/>Detection<br/>Range|The range, below which, a target cannot be detected}}
 +
! {{Annotation|Max Azimuth<br/>Scan Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
 +
! {{Annotation|Max Elevation<br/>Scan Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
 +
! {{Annotation|Minimum<br/>relative speed|The minimum speed a target must be moving, relative to the radar, in order to be detectable by the radar}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
+
| 20,000 m || 100 m || ±30° (optionally 360°) || -9°/+87° || 15 m/s (54 km/h)
 
|-
 
|-
−
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
+
! colspan="5" | [[1RL33]] - Target Tracking Radar
−
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate <br> (shots/minute)
+
|-
−
! rowspan="1" | Vertical <br> guidance
+
! {{Annotation|Maximum<br/>Tracking<br/>Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
−
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal <br> guidance
+
! {{Annotation|Minimum<br/>Tracking<br/>Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
 +
! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking<br/>Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
 +
! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking<br/>Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
 +
! {{Annotation|Minimum<br/>relative speed|The minimum speed a target must be moving, relative to the radar, in order to be tracked by the radar}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| colspan="4" | 2,000 (250) || 600 || N/A || N/A
+
| 16,000 m || 100 m || 360° || -9°/+87° || 15 m/s (54 km/h)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
== Usage in battles ==
 
== Usage in battles ==
−
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''
+
<!--Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).-->
 +
 
 +
The ZSU-23-4 should be played entirely as an AA vehicle. Do not go tank hunting in this vehicle, as you do not have the armour or the penetration. Focus on keeping the skies clear, something that this vehicle does very well. A high rate of fire and very fast turret traverse means that you should be able to target and destroy even the fastest jets.
 +
 
 +
You have a high ammo count with this vehicle, meaning that you can afford to find a good spot away from the main fight in order to pick off enemy planes. Unless you need to reload your ammo, avoid spawn points. They are usually the hub of most of the fighting and going to them will put you in the firing line.
 +
 
 +
While it is fully enclosed, the ZSU-23-4 has armour which makes the M18 Hellcat look like a heavy tank. Even 7.62mm machine guns stand a fair chance of penetrating this vehicle. This makes you a primary target for aircraft, which at this vehicles BR are usually armed with cannons or high penetration machine guns, which will easily take you out.
 +
 
 +
Top rank helicopters and the FJ-4B VMF 232 are the greatest threat to your existence. They are both capable of sitting comfortably outside your firing range while firing lethal ATGMs at you. Hide from them until they are either dealt with by an allied plane or they come close enough to be dealt with by your 23mms.
  
 
=== Pros and cons ===
 
=== Pros and cons ===
 
<!--Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".-->
 
<!--Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".-->
 
'''Pros:'''
 
'''Pros:'''
−
* Anti-tank missile equipped
+
* High rate of fire
−
* Good armour of a [[T-62]]
+
* Relatively high top speed
−
* Low profile, can shoot without exposing hull
+
* High ammo count
−
* Powerful ATGM missile
+
* Fast turret traverse
−
* Very fast missile
+
* Can penetrate lightly armored vehicles (other SPAAs)
−
* Very fast reload
+
* Radar-assisted fire control; a lead indicator is shown in Realistic.
−
* Layout of hull makes direct hits easy to survive
 
−
 
 
 
'''Cons:'''
 
'''Cons:'''
−
* No other armament except for missiles
+
* Thin armour
−
* 15 missiles only, can only carry 15 missiles before you need to find a base and reload
+
* Low hp/t ratio
−
* Missile on turret is an ammo rack, can be detonated
+
* Low penetration for 23mm cannons means you will have trouble penetrating certain MBTs from the side.
 +
* Radar has very low scan speed
  
 
== History ==
 
== History ==
−
<!--Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ground vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).-->
+
<!--Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ground vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== Encyclopedia Info ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).-->
  
 
===Development===
 
===Development===
−
The genesis of the concept of "missile tanks" came from the Premier of the Soviet Union at the time, Nikita Khrushchev. Khrushchev believed that missiles were the key to armor dominance, spelling the end of naval battleships and tanks. This belief led to his order that the heavy tank programs like the [[T-10M|T-10]] be cancelled in the 1950s. Khrushchev ordered that a missile-capable tank be fielded in replacement, with development starting in 1956 despite the immature technology. Though the military finds little favor with the concept, they begrudgingly carry it out by orders of the Kremlin and many facilities in the Soviet Union started on the concept.<ref name="ZalogaT-62">Zaloga Steven. ''T-62 Main Battle Tank 1965-2005'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2009</ref>
+
The main Soviet self-propelled anti-aircraft vehicle [[ZSU-57-2]], in service since 1955, did not perform satisfactory due to the lack of radar tracking, low rate of fire, and small ammo count for its high-power auto cannons. Its firepower was supplemented by the ZPU and ZU series of anti-aircraft mounts using the 14.5 mm and 23 mm armaments respectively. The ZPU and ZU were towed or truck-mounted and had a high rate of fire, but suffered from low mobility when not on a truck and lack of protection if mounted on a truck for a mobile role. It became desirable to combine the traits of these two type of anti-aircraft weaponry together for a tracked anti-aircraft vehicle to be protected, have good mobility, contain a good amount of ammo, and deliver a high rate of fire with heavy-hitting caliber.
  
−
The Uralvagonzavod facility designed a missile tank labeled ''Object 150''. The chassis was derived form the [[T-54 (1951)|T-54/55]] tanks, though the hull was lengthened for more stowage space for the missiles. The tank used the 2K4 Drakon missile system, a sophisticated machine that used a SACLOS guidance system and had a warhead able to penetrate 500 mm of armor. The missile, later designated the 3M7 Drakon, was still rife with problems and required further development. The design could carry 15 missiles, with 12 inside the vehicle's autoloader and 3 spare held in storage. The military dislike this storage as it was much lower than the 30+ rounds in their conventional tanks, but it was expected that the hit probability on the missiles would be higher to compensate. Firing tests started at the Kubinka Proving Grounds mid-1963 and was approved by Khrushchev in 1964. Then in October 1964, Khrushchev was overthrown. Without the constant urging by Khrushchev, the military delayed the ''Object 150'' design's serial production to 1968 to prioritize on main battle tanks and to let the missile technology to develop to a more battle-worthy level. The benefit of the development of the ''Object 150'' during this time period was that it provided a lengthened hull that would be used in the new Soviet tank design ''Object 165'', which would be adopted as the [[T-62]].<ref name="ZalogaT-62">Zaloga Steven. ''T-62 Main Battle Tank 1965-2005'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2009</ref>
+
Development started in 1957 for this vehicle, ready to be evaluated in 1962. The vehicle went under the name '''ZSU-23-4 "Shilka"''', named after the Shilka River in South-Eastern Russia. The first set of digits signifies the caliber, 23 mm, and the second signifies the number of cannons, 4. Equipped with four water-cooled 23 mm auto cannons, the ZSU-23-4 is aimed via manual optics or with a radar that can track aircraft up to 6 km away and guide the armaments to a estimated coordinate. The vehicle can carry up to 2,000 rounds of 23 mm ammunition and each cannon has a fire rate of between 850-1000 rpm. The ZSU-23-4 was built on a GM-575 chassis, which itself is based off the [[PT-76B|PT-76]]. It was accepted for service by the Soviet Army in 1965 and proceeded to replace all the ZSU-57-2 still in stock by the 1970s. From the time period 1964 to 1982, up to 6,500 ZSU-23-4 were produced at the Mytishchi Engineering Works.
  
−
===Adoption & retirement===
+
===Combat usage===
−
''Object 150'' finally entered production in 1968 with 220 units made between 1968 to 1970. Its purpose was to provide additional firepower to T-62 tanks. It was designated the '''IT-1''' tank destroyer and issued to battalions at Belarus and Carpathian Military Districts, crewed by tank crews and artillery crews respectively.<ref name="ZalogaT-62">Zaloga Steven. ''T-62 Main Battle Tank 1965-2005'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2009</ref> A variant of the IT-1 was made with a turbine engine, designated the ''IT-1T''. In the time period it spent in active-duty, it proved an unpopular vehicle. The low missile count did not sit well with the tank crews and the missiles had a dead zone of around 300-500 meters before the missiles could be guided. The IT-1 was also complicated to use and maintain compared to existing artillery vehicles, a fact that did not sit well with the artillery crews. Though the missile launcher was praised for its long-range accuracy, the IT-1 did not sit well with the overall military situation and was discontinued sometime after its deployment in 1972. The remaining missile tanks in inventory were converted to recovery vehicles.<ref name="ZalogaT-62">Zaloga Steven. ''T-62 Main Battle Tank 1965-2005'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2009</ref>
+
The Soviet Army used the ZSU-23-4 as their main anti-aircraft defense weapon. It was intended that the ZSU-23-4 only guard military bases and mechanized formations while the ''ZSU-37-2'', a side development during the Shilka's development period, guard the low-altitude area unable to be hit by surface-to-air missiles. However, the ZSU-23-4 Shilka eventually replaced it to keep a logistics simple. From Soviet doctrine, the Shilkas were organized in anti-aircraft artillery batteries with two platoons of four vehicles each. Initially, one platoon was filled with ZSU-57-2's and the other with Shilkas, but the ZSU-57's were replaced in service by the Shilkas in the 1970s. In the 1970s, the batteries were also reorganized to one platoon of Shilkas and one platoon of anti-air missile systems, both meant to supplement the dead zone from the divisional surface-to-air missile systems. The Shilkas, being very lightly armoured, mainly stay behind the main forces and the front line, ranging between 400 to 1,000 meters away from the fighting. Though each Shilka unit fought with their own radar system initially, the implementation of the PPRU-1 allowed for coordinated targeting between the Shilka and missile units against enemy aircraft. Despite their intended role as an anti-aircraft, the high rate of fire, heavy caliber, and ability to elevate the guns at a high angle made it a very popular ground support weapon. This utility made it a very useful weapon in the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, being able to fight the Mujaheddin ambushing from mountainous terrain. The Soviets also used it during the War against Chechnya, fighting the Chechens in the mountains. The ZSU-23-4 still sees use in the Russian Naval Infantry.
  
−
Though the missile tanks concept failed, many more attempts were made to incorporate a missile system as a secondary armament onto Soviet tanks, succeeding with the usage of missiles in the 125 mm smoothbore guns on Soviet tanks past the T-64.
+
The ZSU-23-4 saw more usage in the hands of the Soviet Union's allies. 2,500 of the Shilkas produced were given out to up to 23 nations. It's most infamous records would come from the hands of the Arabs in the Yom Kippur War in 1973. Using the SA-6 surface-to-air missiles, they forced the Israeli planes to fly low to avoid missile detection and then blasted them away with the Shilkas. The Shilkas also saw use in the later part of the Vietnam War, where they are used nearly the same way by attacking aircraft forced low by missiles. Past that, the ZSU-23-4 saw usage in multiple conflicts in the Third World countries and are still in use today in the Syrian Civil War.
  
 
== Media ==
 
== Media ==
 
<!--Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.-->
 
<!--Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.-->
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[http://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=%23it1 '''Skins''' and '''camouflages''' for the IT-1 from live.warthunder.com.]
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[https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=ussr&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=spaa&vehicle=ussr_zsu_23_4 '''Skins''' and '''camouflages''' for the ZSU-23-4 from live.warthunder.com.]
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
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* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
 
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
 
* ''other literature.''-->
 
* ''other literature.''-->
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* [[wt:en/news/3745-development-it-1-the-soviet-missile-tank-en/|[Development<nowiki>]</nowiki> IT-1, the Soviet Missile Tank]]
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* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/4243-development-zsu-23-4-shilka-river-of-fire-en/ [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> ZSU-23-4 Shilka: River of Fire]
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{{USSR tank destroyers}}
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{{USSR anti-aircraft vehicles}}

Revision as of 16:45, 11 March 2020

Rank 6 USA
F-5C Pack
ZSU-23-4
ussr_zsu_23_4.png
ZSU-23-4
USSR flag.png USSR
VI Rank
Battle rating:
AB RB SB
8.0 8.0 8.0
Class:
Research:135 000 Specs-Card-Exp.png
Purchase:380 000 Specs-Card-Lion.png
Show in game

Description

GarageImage ZSU-23-4.jpg


The ZSU-23-4 "Shilka" is a rank VI Soviet anti-aircraft vehicle with a battle rating of 8.0 (AB/RB/SB). It was introduced in Update 1.63 "Desert Hunters". The "Shilka" presents a much higher rate of fire than its predecessor ZSU-57-2 and allows the user to saturate the airspace to increase the chance of hitting a low-flying aircraft.

The Shilka preforms more or less like a roided up Wirbelwind, minus the tank hunting ability. As such, the fewer the planes that know your location the better. If one is headed your direction, let them get as close as possible (within reasonable safety, of course) before opening up, to guarantee a hit. The few props and lower rank jets that occur at top rank are easy pickings at most distances due to the wide spread of the 23mm river, but 9.0 jets are trickier to hit, even at medium ranges, so the more of an element of surprise you have, the better.

General info

Survivability and armour

Armour type:

  • Rolled homogeneous armour
Armour Front Sides Rear Roof
Hull 9.4 mm (57°) 9.4 mm 9.4 mm (46°) Upper
9.4 mm (22°) Lower 		9.4 mm
Turret 8.9 mm (23°) 8.9 mm (8-10°) 8.9 mm (1°) 8.9 mm
Armour Sides Roof
Cupola 8.9 mm 8.9 mm

Notes:

  • Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick while tracks are 15 mm thick.
  • Belly armour is 9.4 mm thick.

Mobility

Game Mode Max Speed (km/h) Weight (tons) Engine power (horsepower) Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
Forward Reverse Stock Upgraded Stock Upgraded
Arcade 55 8 20.7 398 534 19.23 25.8
Realistic 51 7 248 280 11.98 13.53

Armaments

Main article: AZP-23 (23 mm)
23 mm AZP-23
Capacity (Belt capacity each) Fire rate
(shots/minute) 		Vertical
guidance 		Horizontal
guidance 		Stabilizer
2,000 (500) 850 -4°/+85° ±180° Two-plane
Turret rotation speed (°/s)
Mode Stock Upgraded Prior + Full crew Prior + Expert qualif. Prior + Ace qualif.
Arcade 41.6 __.__ __.__ __.__ __.__
Realistic 41.6 __.__ __.__ __.__ __.__
Reloading rate (seconds)
Stock Prior + Full crew Prior + Expert qualif. Prior + Ace qualif.
5.2 __.__ __.__ __.__

Belt statistics

Ammunition Penetration in mm @ 90°
10m 100m 500m 1000m 1500m 2000m
Default 46 45 33 23 15 11
HEI-T 46 45 33 23 15 11
API-T 46 45 33 23 15 11

Belt types

Belts Shell composition Combat usage
Default API-T, HEFI-T
HEI-T HEFI-T, HEFI-T, HEFI-T, API-T
API-T API-T, API-T, API-T, HEFI-T

Ammo racks

Full
ammo 		1st
rack empty 		2nd
rack empty 		3rd
rack empty 		4th
rack empty 		5th
rack empty 		6th
rack empty 		Recommendations Visual
discrepancy
2,000 XX (X+)  (+)  (+)  (+)  (+)  (+) Turret empty:  () no

Radars

Main article: 1RL33

The ZSU-23-4 is equipped with a 1RL33 search and tracking radar, mounted on top of the turret, at the rear. The radar system lacks track while scan, but can track targets in a full 360° area around the turret (instead of just to the front of the turret). The radar has very slow scan speed.

Msg-info.png By default the radar will scan a 60° arc, this can be changed to a 360° scan if desired, using the "change radar search mode" key.
1RL33 - Target Detection Radar
Maximum
Detection
Range 		Minimum
Detection
Range 		Max Azimuth
Scan Angle 		Max Elevation
Scan Angle 		Minimum
relative speed
20,000 m 100 m ±30° (optionally 360°) -9°/+87° 15 m/s (54 km/h)
1RL33 - Target Tracking Radar
Maximum
Tracking
Range 		Minimum
Tracking
Range 		Azimuth Tracking
Angle 		Elevation Tracking
Angle 		Minimum
relative speed
16,000 m 100 m 360° -9°/+87° 15 m/s (54 km/h)

Usage in battles

The ZSU-23-4 should be played entirely as an AA vehicle. Do not go tank hunting in this vehicle, as you do not have the armour or the penetration. Focus on keeping the skies clear, something that this vehicle does very well. A high rate of fire and very fast turret traverse means that you should be able to target and destroy even the fastest jets.

You have a high ammo count with this vehicle, meaning that you can afford to find a good spot away from the main fight in order to pick off enemy planes. Unless you need to reload your ammo, avoid spawn points. They are usually the hub of most of the fighting and going to them will put you in the firing line.

While it is fully enclosed, the ZSU-23-4 has armour which makes the M18 Hellcat look like a heavy tank. Even 7.62mm machine guns stand a fair chance of penetrating this vehicle. This makes you a primary target for aircraft, which at this vehicles BR are usually armed with cannons or high penetration machine guns, which will easily take you out.

Top rank helicopters and the FJ-4B VMF 232 are the greatest threat to your existence. They are both capable of sitting comfortably outside your firing range while firing lethal ATGMs at you. Hide from them until they are either dealt with by an allied plane or they come close enough to be dealt with by your 23mms.

Pros and cons

Pros:

  • High rate of fire
  • Relatively high top speed
  • High ammo count
  • Fast turret traverse
  • Can penetrate lightly armored vehicles (other SPAAs)
  • Radar-assisted fire control; a lead indicator is shown in Realistic.

Cons:

  • Thin armour
  • Low hp/t ratio
  • Low penetration for 23mm cannons means you will have trouble penetrating certain MBTs from the side.
  • Radar has very low scan speed

History

Development

The main Soviet self-propelled anti-aircraft vehicle ZSU-57-2, in service since 1955, did not perform satisfactory due to the lack of radar tracking, low rate of fire, and small ammo count for its high-power auto cannons. Its firepower was supplemented by the ZPU and ZU series of anti-aircraft mounts using the 14.5 mm and 23 mm armaments respectively. The ZPU and ZU were towed or truck-mounted and had a high rate of fire, but suffered from low mobility when not on a truck and lack of protection if mounted on a truck for a mobile role. It became desirable to combine the traits of these two type of anti-aircraft weaponry together for a tracked anti-aircraft vehicle to be protected, have good mobility, contain a good amount of ammo, and deliver a high rate of fire with heavy-hitting caliber.

Development started in 1957 for this vehicle, ready to be evaluated in 1962. The vehicle went under the name ZSU-23-4 "Shilka", named after the Shilka River in South-Eastern Russia. The first set of digits signifies the caliber, 23 mm, and the second signifies the number of cannons, 4. Equipped with four water-cooled 23 mm auto cannons, the ZSU-23-4 is aimed via manual optics or with a radar that can track aircraft up to 6 km away and guide the armaments to a estimated coordinate. The vehicle can carry up to 2,000 rounds of 23 mm ammunition and each cannon has a fire rate of between 850-1000 rpm. The ZSU-23-4 was built on a GM-575 chassis, which itself is based off the PT-76. It was accepted for service by the Soviet Army in 1965 and proceeded to replace all the ZSU-57-2 still in stock by the 1970s. From the time period 1964 to 1982, up to 6,500 ZSU-23-4 were produced at the Mytishchi Engineering Works.

Combat usage

The Soviet Army used the ZSU-23-4 as their main anti-aircraft defense weapon. It was intended that the ZSU-23-4 only guard military bases and mechanized formations while the ZSU-37-2, a side development during the Shilka's development period, guard the low-altitude area unable to be hit by surface-to-air missiles. However, the ZSU-23-4 Shilka eventually replaced it to keep a logistics simple. From Soviet doctrine, the Shilkas were organized in anti-aircraft artillery batteries with two platoons of four vehicles each. Initially, one platoon was filled with ZSU-57-2's and the other with Shilkas, but the ZSU-57's were replaced in service by the Shilkas in the 1970s. In the 1970s, the batteries were also reorganized to one platoon of Shilkas and one platoon of anti-air missile systems, both meant to supplement the dead zone from the divisional surface-to-air missile systems. The Shilkas, being very lightly armoured, mainly stay behind the main forces and the front line, ranging between 400 to 1,000 meters away from the fighting. Though each Shilka unit fought with their own radar system initially, the implementation of the PPRU-1 allowed for coordinated targeting between the Shilka and missile units against enemy aircraft. Despite their intended role as an anti-aircraft, the high rate of fire, heavy caliber, and ability to elevate the guns at a high angle made it a very popular ground support weapon. This utility made it a very useful weapon in the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, being able to fight the Mujaheddin ambushing from mountainous terrain. The Soviets also used it during the War against Chechnya, fighting the Chechens in the mountains. The ZSU-23-4 still sees use in the Russian Naval Infantry.

The ZSU-23-4 saw more usage in the hands of the Soviet Union's allies. 2,500 of the Shilkas produced were given out to up to 23 nations. It's most infamous records would come from the hands of the Arabs in the Yom Kippur War in 1973. Using the SA-6 surface-to-air missiles, they forced the Israeli planes to fly low to avoid missile detection and then blasted them away with the Shilkas. The Shilkas also saw use in the later part of the Vietnam War, where they are used nearly the same way by attacking aircraft forced low by missiles. Past that, the ZSU-23-4 saw usage in multiple conflicts in the Third World countries and are still in use today in the Syrian Civil War.

Media

Skins and camouflages for the ZSU-23-4 from live.warthunder.com.

See also

Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:

  • reference to the series of the vehicles;
  • links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.

External links


USSR anti-aircraft vehicles
GAZ-AAA  GAZ-AAA (4M) · GAZ-AAA (DShK)
BTR-152  BTR-152A · BTR-152D
Wheeled/Half-tracked  GAZ-MM (72-K) · ZiS-12 (94-KM) · ZiS-43
Radar SPAAG  ZSU-23-4 · ZSU-37-2
SAM  ZSU-23-4M4 · Strela-10M2 · 2S6 · Pantsir-S1
Other  ZUT-37 · ZSU-37 · BTR-ZD · ZSU-57-2
Czechoslovakia  M53/59
North Vietnam  ▂Phòng không T-34

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